CA2541567A1 - Parallel soft spherical mimo receiver and decoding method - Google Patents

Parallel soft spherical mimo receiver and decoding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2541567A1
CA2541567A1 CA002541567A CA2541567A CA2541567A1 CA 2541567 A1 CA2541567 A1 CA 2541567A1 CA 002541567 A CA002541567 A CA 002541567A CA 2541567 A CA2541567 A CA 2541567A CA 2541567 A1 CA2541567 A1 CA 2541567A1
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operable
soft
parallel
nodes
sphere
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CA2541567C (en
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Hosein Nikopour-Deilami
Amir K. Khandani
Aladdin Saleh
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BCE Inc
University of Waterloo
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BCE Inc
University of Waterloo
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H04L1/0047—Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation
    • H04L1/005—Iterative decoding, including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
    • H04L25/0242—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods
    • H04L25/0248—Eigen-space methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
    • H04L25/03184—Details concerning the metric
    • H04L25/03191—Details concerning the metric in which the receiver makes a selection between different metrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
    • H04L25/03203—Trellis search techniques
    • H04L25/03242—Methods involving sphere decoding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
    • H04L25/03248—Arrangements for operating in conjunction with other apparatus
    • H04L25/03286—Arrangements for operating in conjunction with other apparatus with channel-decoding circuitry
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/06—Dc level restoring means; Bias distortion correction ; Decision circuits providing symbol by symbol detection
    • H04L25/067—Dc level restoring means; Bias distortion correction ; Decision circuits providing symbol by symbol detection providing soft decisions, i.e. decisions together with an estimate of reliability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/38—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/0335—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
    • H04L2025/03375—Passband transmission
    • H04L2025/0342—QAM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L2025/0335—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
    • H04L2025/03426—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission transmission using multiple-input and multiple-output channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
    • H04L25/03203—Trellis search techniques
    • H04L25/03216—Trellis search techniques using the M-algorithm

Abstract

A method and system for detecting and decoding multiple signals. A low- complexity MIMO detector that combines sphere decoding and m-algorithm approaches, while accounting for the effect of channel condition on the decoding operation, is provided. Taking into account the channel condition effectively controls the size of the search tree, and consequently the search complexity, in an adaptive manner. The channel condition is exploited in the construction of the tree to manage the number of branches in the tree and to avoid undesirable growth.

Claims (62)

1. A method of detecting and decoding a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal vector, comprising:
determining, in parallel, soft decision outputs for each symbol in the signal vector in view of a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities;
receiving soft decoded symbol probabilities determined in accordance with the soft decision outputs; and iteratively repeating the steps of determining and receiving to decode the signal vector.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the soft decision outputs comprises determining the soft decision outputs in accordance with a channel condition.
3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein determining the soft decision outputs comprises generating a tree of lattice points by generating all nodes in a level in parallel, and retaining a predetermined number of nodes as nodes for a next level of the tree.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the tree comprises applying sphere decoding techniques.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein applying sphere decoding techniques comprises determining a radius of a hyper-sphere in accordance with the channel condition.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein applying sphere decoding techniques comprises searching for all lattice points contained within the hyper-sphere to determine the generated nodes; and determining a branching factor for each generated node.
7. The method of claim 6, further determining a branching metric for a node by adding branch factors of previous nodes leading to a root node.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein retaining only the predetermined number of nodes comprises retaining m nodes having a highest branch metric.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein m is determined adaptively in response to the channel condition.
10. The method of any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the radius is adaptively determined at each level.
11. A MIMO receiver for detecting and decoding a MIMO signal vector, comprising:
an a posteriori probability (APP) detector operable to iteratively determine, in parallel, soft decision outputs for each symbol in the signal vector in view of a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities;
an error correction code (ECC) decoder operable to iteratively provide soft decoded symbol outputs to the APP detector; and a hard decision processor operable to determine a decoded signal set from the soft decoded symbol outputs after a predetermined number of iterations.
12. The receiver of claim 11, wherein the APP detector is further operable to determine the soft decision outputs in accordance with a channel condition, and the APP
detector comprises:
a channel estimator operable to estimate the channel condition;
a parallel sphere decoder operable to determine, in parallel, a set of soft symbol values, and a corresponding branch metric for each soft symbol value, of the signal vector in view of the channel condition and a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities; and a log-likelihood ratio processor operable to provide the soft decision outputs in accordance with of the set of soft symbol values and branch metrics.
13. The receiver of claim 12, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to generate a tree of lattice points by generating all nodes in a level in parallel, and comprises a pruning module to prune nodes having the lowest branch metrics at each successive level in the tree.
14. The receiver of claim 13, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to determine a radius of a hyper-sphere in accordance with the channel condition.
15. The receiver of claim 14, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to search for all lattice points contained within the hyper-sphere to generate nodes of the tree, and is further operable to determine a branching factor for each determined node.
16. The receiver of claim 15, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to determine a branching metric for a node by adding branching factors of previous nodes leading to a root node.
17. The receiver of any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the pruning module is operable to retain m nodes having a highest branch metric.
18. The receiver of claim 17, wherein the pruning module is further operable to adaptively modify m in response to the channel condition.
19. The receiver of any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the ECC decoder is a turbo decoder.
20. The receiver of any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein the ECC decoder is a low-density parity check (LDPC) decoder.
21. The receiver of any one of claims 11 to 20, wherein the receiver is compliant with IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standards.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the receiver is compliant with the IEEE
802.16e (Mobile WiMAX) standard.
23. A soft MIMO APP detector, comprising:
a channel estimator operable to estimate a channel condition;
a parallel sphere decoder operable to receive a signal vector, and to determine, in parallel, a set of soft symbol values, and a corresponding branch metric for each soft symbol value, of the signal vector in view of the channel condition and a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities; and a log-likelihood ratio processor operable to provide soft decision outputs in accordance with the set of soft symbol values and branch metrics.
24. The APP detector of claim 23, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to generate a tree of lattice points by generating all nodes in a level in parallel, and comprises a pruning module to prune nodes having the lowest branch metrics at each successive level in the tree.
25. The APP detector of claim 24, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to determine a radius of a hyper-sphere in accordance with the channel condition.
26. The APP detector of claim 25, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to search for all lattice points contained within the hyper-sphere to generate nodes of the tree, and to determine a branching factor for each determined node.
27. The APP detector of claim 26, wherein the parallel sphere decoder is operable to determine a branching metric for a node by adding branching factors of previous nodes leading to a root node.
28. The APP detector of any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein the pruning module is operable to retain m nodes having a highest branch metric.
29. The APP detector of claim 28, wherein the pruning module is further operable to adaptively modify m in response to the channel condition.
30. A parallel sphere decoder for a soft MIMO APP detector, comprising:
a signal conditioning block operable to condition a MIMO signal vector in accordance with a channel estimation;
a parallel search block operable to receive the conditioned signal vector, and to determine, in parallel, a set of soft symbol values, and a corresponding branch metric for each soft symbol value, of the signal vector in view of the channel condition and a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities; and a pruning block operable to retain a set of m soft symbol values having highest branch metrics at each level of a decision tree.
31. The parallel sphere decoder of claim 30, wherein the parallel search block is operable to generate a the decision tree by generating all nodes in a level in parallel, and the pruning block is operable to prune nodes having the lowest branch metrics at each successive level in the tree.
32. The parallel sphere decoder of claim 31, wherein the parallel search block is operable to determine a radius of a hyper-sphere in accordance with the channel estimation.
33. The parallel sphere decoder of claim 32, wherein the parallel search block is operable to search for all lattice points contained within the hyper-sphere to generate nodes of the tree, and to determine a branching factor for each determined node.
34. The parallel sphere decoder of claim 33, wherein the parallel search block is operable to determine the branch metric for a node by adding branching factors of previous nodes leading to a root node.
35. The parallel sphere decoder of any one of claims 30 to 34, wherein the pruning block is further operable to adaptively modify m in response to the channel estimation.
36. The parallel sphere decoder of any one of claims 30 to 35, wherein the signal conditioning block is further operable to condition the channel estimation.
37. The parallel sphere decoder of claim 36, wherein the signal conditioning block is operable to decompose and triangularize a channel estimation matrix.
38. The parallel sphere decoder of any one of claims 30 to 37, further comprising a log-likelihood ratio processor operable to provide soft decision outputs in accordance with of the set of soft symbol values and branch metrics.
39. A method of parallel sphere decoding, comprising:
conditioning a MIMO signal vector in accordance with a channel estimation;
determining, in parallel, a set of soft symbol values, and a corresponding branch metric for each soft symbol value, of the signal vector in view of the channel condition and a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities; and pruning the set of soft symbol values to retain those having the highest branch metrics.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein determining the set of soft symbol values comprises generating a the decision tree by generating all nodes in a level in parallel, and pruning away nodes having the lowest branch metrics at each successive level in the tree.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein determining the set of soft symbol values comprises determining a radius of a hyper-sphere in accordance with the channel estimation.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein determining the set of soft symbol values comprises searching for all lattice points contained within the hyper-sphere to generate nodes of the tree, and determining a branching factor for each determined node.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein determining the set of soft symbol values comprises determining the branch metric for a node by adding branching factors of previous nodes leading to a root node.
44. The method of any one of claims 39 to 43, wherein pruning the set of soft symbol values further comprises adaptively pruning in response to the channel estimation.
45. The method of any one of claims 39 to 44, wherein conditioning the MIMO
signal vector further comprises conditioning the channel estimation.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein conditioning the MIMO signal vector comprises decomposing and triangularizing a channel estimation matrix.
47. The method of any one of claims 39 to 46, further comprising determining a log-likelihood ratio to provide soft decision outputs in accordance with of the set of soft symbol values and branch metrics.
48. A MIMO communication system, comprising:
a transmitter operable to provide an ECC encoded signal block of multiple signals;
and a receiver having an APP detector operable to iteratively determine, in parallel, soft decision outputs for each symbol in the signal vector in view of a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities; an ECC decoder operable to iteratively provide soft decoded symbol outputs to the detector; and a hard decision processor operable to determine a decoded signal set from the soft decoded symbol outputs after a predetermined number of iterations.
49. The system of claim 48, wherein the APP detector comprises:
a channel estimator operable to estimate a channel condition;
a parallel sphere decoder operable to receive a signal vector, and to determine, in parallel, a set of soft symbol values, and a corresponding branch metric for each soft symbol value, of the signal vector in view of the channel condition and the a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities; and a log-likelihood ratio processor operable to provide the soft decision outputs in accordance with the set of soft symbol values and branch metrics.
50. The system of claim 48, wherein the ECC encoded signal block is turbo encoded and the ECC decoder is a turbo decoder.
51. The system of claim 48, wherein the ECC encoded signal block is LDPC
encoded, and the ECC decoder is a LDPC decoder.
52. The system of any one of claims 48 to 51 employing code division multiple access (CDMA) modulation.
53. The system of any one of claims 48 to 52, wherein the receiver and transmitter are compliant with IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standards.
54. The system of claim 53, wherein the receiver and transmitter are compliant with the IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX) standard.
55. A method for performing APP signal detection, comprising:
estimating a channel condition;
decoding symbols of a signal vector, in parallel, to determine a set of soft symbol values, and a corresponding branch metric for each soft symbol value, of the signal vector in view of the channel condition and a priori soft decoded symbol probabilities; and providing soft decision outputs in accordance with of the set of soft symbol values and branch metrics.
56. The method of claim 55, wherein providing the soft decision outputs comprises determining a log-likelihood ratio.
57. The method of claim 55, wherein decoding symbols of the signal vector comprises generating a tree of lattice points by generating all nodes in a level in parallel, and pruning nodes having the lowest branch metrics at each successive level in the tree.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein decoding symbols of the signal vector further comprises determining a radius of a hyper-sphere in accordance with the channel condition.
59. The method of claim 58, wherein decoding symbols of the signal vector further comprises searching for all lattice points contained within the hyper-sphere to generate nodes of the tree, and determining a branching factor for each determined node.
60. The method of claim 59, wherein decoding symbols of the signal vector further comprises determining a branch metric for a node by adding branching factors of previous nodes leading to a root node.
61. The method of any one of claims 57 to 60, wherein pruning the nodes comprises retaining m nodes having a highest branch metric.
62. The method of claim 61, wherein pruning the nodes further comprises adaptively modifying m in response to the channel condition.
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