CA2542591A1 - Graphical user interface for phacoemulsification surgical system - Google Patents
Graphical user interface for phacoemulsification surgical system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2542591A1 CA2542591A1 CA002542591A CA2542591A CA2542591A1 CA 2542591 A1 CA2542591 A1 CA 2542591A1 CA 002542591 A CA002542591 A CA 002542591A CA 2542591 A CA2542591 A CA 2542591A CA 2542591 A1 CA2542591 A1 CA 2542591A1
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- foot pedal
- display element
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00736—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments
- A61F9/00745—Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
- A61B2017/00199—Electrical control of surgical instruments with a console, e.g. a control panel with a display
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00973—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pedal-operated
- A61B2017/00977—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pedal-operated the depression depth determining the power rate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
- A61B34/25—User interfaces for surgical systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S715/00—Data processing: presentation processing of document, operator interface processing, and screen saver display processing
- Y10S715/973—Scroll tool, e.g. window scroll bar
Abstract
A graphical user interface for use in phacoemulsification surgical systems that allows a user to select different pulse modes by touching portions of the display screen. The user interface includes first and second display elements. One display element includes a representation of the on-time of the pulses, and the other display element includes a representation of the off-time. The representations show how the on-time and off-time change relative to a position of a controller, such as a foot pedal.
The representation show a constant time, or that a time increases or decreases as the foot pedal is pressed. To select a pulse mode, a user can scroll through different pulse representations by touching the screen at the display elements. The selected pulse mode can be continuous, pulse, burst, or a combination or derivation thereof.
The representation show a constant time, or that a time increases or decreases as the foot pedal is pressed. To select a pulse mode, a user can scroll through different pulse representations by touching the screen at the display elements. The selected pulse mode can be continuous, pulse, burst, or a combination or derivation thereof.
Description
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GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR
PHACOEMULSIFICATION SURGICAL SYSTEM
s FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates generally to graphical user interfaces for surgical systems, and, more particularly, to graphical user interfaces for phacoemulsification surgical systems that include representations of the functions or behavior of the on-to time and the off time of pulses. The on-time and off time functions can be changed by touching the screen.
BACKGROUND
is Modern surgical systems, and in particular, modern ophthalmic surgical systems, are designed to monitor and display multiple parameters of a surgical device or instrument that is connected to the surgical system and controlled by the surgeon through the use of a foot pedal. Such systems can be complex given the multiple parameters that must be displayed and controlled by a surgeon, particularly during a 2o surgical procedure.
Certain known phacoemulsification systems allow for application of ultrasound energy at a fixed level. For example, the foot pedal acts as an on/off switch to activate and deactivate ultrasound energy that is at a particular power level.
2s When the foot pedal is pressed, the device is activated and the power level is constant or "continuous."
"Continuous" power systems were improved by the introduction of "linear"
mode, which allows a surgeon to control power in a variable manner. A surgeon 3o controls power based on the foot pedal position so that the power is proportional to or linear with respect to the displacement of the foot pedal. Thus, more power is provided as the surgeon presses the foot pedal, and less power is provided as the foot pedal is released.
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Further improvements involved the introduction of "pulse" mode. In "pulse"
mode, phacoemulsification energy is provided in periodic pulses at a constant duty cycle. The surgeon increases or decreases the amount of power by pressing or releasing the foot pedal, which increases or decreases the amplitude of the fixed-width s pulses.
Further enhancements involved the introduction of "burst" mode. In "burst"
mode, power is provided through a series of periodic, fixed width, constant amplitude pulses. Each pulse is followed by an "off' time. The off time is varied by the surgeon to by pressing and releasing the foot pedal to adjust power.
In order to accommodate continuous, "linear," "pulse" and "burst" mode and their operating parameters, known user interfaces of phacoemulsification systems typically include several human actionable controllers and fields or elements that 1 s occupy particular positions on a display screen. Some known user interfaces include buttons, arrows, switches, bars and/or knobs for setting desired numeric values of operating characteristics of the surgical system. Certain parameters are fixed or have a constant value regardless of the foot pedal position, whereas other parameters vary, e.g., vary linearly, with the foot pedal. The interface is manipulated by a surgeon to zo provide control signals to the surgical instruments which, in turn, control the modes or types of pulses that are generated.
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate one known interface for a phacoemulsification system. A surgeon manually selects the power mode from a selection bar or menu 10.
2s In this interface, the menu 10 includes "Ultrasound Continuous,"
"Ultrasound Pulse,"
and "Ultrasound Burst" menu bars 12, 14 and 16, respectively. In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the continuous power menu bar 12 is selected from the menu 10. The power limit is represented in a window or field 20. The maximum amount of continuous power or the power limit is adjusted using up/down arrows 24.
3o In this example, the continuous power limit is selected to be "35" or 35%
of the maximum allowed power. The continuous power varies linearly, as shown by the line 26 in the background of the power limit window 20. The current power level is also
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE FOR
PHACOEMULSIFICATION SURGICAL SYSTEM
s FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates generally to graphical user interfaces for surgical systems, and, more particularly, to graphical user interfaces for phacoemulsification surgical systems that include representations of the functions or behavior of the on-to time and the off time of pulses. The on-time and off time functions can be changed by touching the screen.
BACKGROUND
is Modern surgical systems, and in particular, modern ophthalmic surgical systems, are designed to monitor and display multiple parameters of a surgical device or instrument that is connected to the surgical system and controlled by the surgeon through the use of a foot pedal. Such systems can be complex given the multiple parameters that must be displayed and controlled by a surgeon, particularly during a 2o surgical procedure.
Certain known phacoemulsification systems allow for application of ultrasound energy at a fixed level. For example, the foot pedal acts as an on/off switch to activate and deactivate ultrasound energy that is at a particular power level.
2s When the foot pedal is pressed, the device is activated and the power level is constant or "continuous."
"Continuous" power systems were improved by the introduction of "linear"
mode, which allows a surgeon to control power in a variable manner. A surgeon 3o controls power based on the foot pedal position so that the power is proportional to or linear with respect to the displacement of the foot pedal. Thus, more power is provided as the surgeon presses the foot pedal, and less power is provided as the foot pedal is released.
' ~ Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
Further improvements involved the introduction of "pulse" mode. In "pulse"
mode, phacoemulsification energy is provided in periodic pulses at a constant duty cycle. The surgeon increases or decreases the amount of power by pressing or releasing the foot pedal, which increases or decreases the amplitude of the fixed-width s pulses.
Further enhancements involved the introduction of "burst" mode. In "burst"
mode, power is provided through a series of periodic, fixed width, constant amplitude pulses. Each pulse is followed by an "off' time. The off time is varied by the surgeon to by pressing and releasing the foot pedal to adjust power.
In order to accommodate continuous, "linear," "pulse" and "burst" mode and their operating parameters, known user interfaces of phacoemulsification systems typically include several human actionable controllers and fields or elements that 1 s occupy particular positions on a display screen. Some known user interfaces include buttons, arrows, switches, bars and/or knobs for setting desired numeric values of operating characteristics of the surgical system. Certain parameters are fixed or have a constant value regardless of the foot pedal position, whereas other parameters vary, e.g., vary linearly, with the foot pedal. The interface is manipulated by a surgeon to zo provide control signals to the surgical instruments which, in turn, control the modes or types of pulses that are generated.
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate one known interface for a phacoemulsification system. A surgeon manually selects the power mode from a selection bar or menu 10.
2s In this interface, the menu 10 includes "Ultrasound Continuous,"
"Ultrasound Pulse,"
and "Ultrasound Burst" menu bars 12, 14 and 16, respectively. In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the continuous power menu bar 12 is selected from the menu 10. The power limit is represented in a window or field 20. The maximum amount of continuous power or the power limit is adjusted using up/down arrows 24.
3o In this example, the continuous power limit is selected to be "35" or 35%
of the maximum allowed power. The continuous power varies linearly, as shown by the line 26 in the background of the power limit window 20. The current power level is also
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26 in the background of the power limit window 20. The current power level is also provided in a window 28. In the illustrated example, the current power is "0"
or 0%
since the screen represents current power when the foot pedal is released.
Pressing the foot pedal results in power increasing linearly from 0% to 35%. When the s surgeon wants to change from "continuous" mode to another mode, the surgeon selects the "ultrasound continuous" bar 12 so that the menu 10 of available pulse modes is displayed. The surgeon can then select another mode from the menu 10.
For example, Figure 3 illustrates that "Ultrasound Pulse" menu bar 14 is 1 o selected from the menu 10. A surgeon manually selects a maximum power level of 35%, which varies linearly as the foot pedal is pressed and released. In addition, the interface includes a window 30 for the pulse rate or pulses per second (pps) and a window 40 for the "on-time" (% Time on). The number of pulses per second (pps) and the on-time, however, do not vary with movement of the foot pedal. Rather, the is pps is fixed at I4 pps using arrows 34, and the on-time is fixed at 45%
using arrows 44. Thus, the pps and on-time values do not change when the foot pedal is displaced and must be manually adjusted by the surgeon using arrows 34 and 44. Power increases linearly from 0-35% as the foot pedal is pressed, and is delivered at a fixed rate of 14 pulses per second at a fixed 45% duty cycle.
Refernng to Figures 2 and 4, when "Ultrasound Burst" mode is selected from the menu 10, the same limit and power window 28 and limit window 20 are provided.
The power varies linearly with the foot pedal, as discussed above. Rather than pps and on time windows 30 and 40 (as shown in Figure 3), the interface displays a 2s window 50 for on-time or On (ms) and a window 60 for off time or Off (ms) when in "burst" mode. The On (ms) and Off (ms) values are fixed and do not change when the foot pedal is moved. The on-time (ms) is fixed at 70 ms using arrows 54.
In this "burst" mode, the power increases from 0-40% as the foot pedal is depressed by changing the "off time", and the duration of each pulse remains a constant 70 ms 3o throughout displacement of the foot pedal. Thus, when changing from "pulse"
mode to "burst" mode, different parameters are adjusted. In "pulse" mode, the parameters
26 in the background of the power limit window 20. The current power level is also provided in a window 28. In the illustrated example, the current power is "0"
or 0%
since the screen represents current power when the foot pedal is released.
Pressing the foot pedal results in power increasing linearly from 0% to 35%. When the s surgeon wants to change from "continuous" mode to another mode, the surgeon selects the "ultrasound continuous" bar 12 so that the menu 10 of available pulse modes is displayed. The surgeon can then select another mode from the menu 10.
For example, Figure 3 illustrates that "Ultrasound Pulse" menu bar 14 is 1 o selected from the menu 10. A surgeon manually selects a maximum power level of 35%, which varies linearly as the foot pedal is pressed and released. In addition, the interface includes a window 30 for the pulse rate or pulses per second (pps) and a window 40 for the "on-time" (% Time on). The number of pulses per second (pps) and the on-time, however, do not vary with movement of the foot pedal. Rather, the is pps is fixed at I4 pps using arrows 34, and the on-time is fixed at 45%
using arrows 44. Thus, the pps and on-time values do not change when the foot pedal is displaced and must be manually adjusted by the surgeon using arrows 34 and 44. Power increases linearly from 0-35% as the foot pedal is pressed, and is delivered at a fixed rate of 14 pulses per second at a fixed 45% duty cycle.
Refernng to Figures 2 and 4, when "Ultrasound Burst" mode is selected from the menu 10, the same limit and power window 28 and limit window 20 are provided.
The power varies linearly with the foot pedal, as discussed above. Rather than pps and on time windows 30 and 40 (as shown in Figure 3), the interface displays a 2s window 50 for on-time or On (ms) and a window 60 for off time or Off (ms) when in "burst" mode. The On (ms) and Off (ms) values are fixed and do not change when the foot pedal is moved. The on-time (ms) is fixed at 70 ms using arrows 54.
In this "burst" mode, the power increases from 0-40% as the foot pedal is depressed by changing the "off time", and the duration of each pulse remains a constant 70 ms 3o throughout displacement of the foot pedal. Thus, when changing from "pulse"
mode to "burst" mode, different parameters are adjusted. In "pulse" mode, the parameters
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While known interfaces have been successfully used to perform phacoemulsification procedures in the past, they can be improved.
Particularly, the visual and functional aspects of interfaces can be enhanced so that surgeons can s control different pulse modes and can easily switch between different modes.
User interfaces should include additional controllable display elements that allow different modes and their parameters to be quickly and easily adjusted. These improvements should be made without unduly complicating the user interface and how it functions.
Further, interfaces should be capable of effectively representing various operating ~o parameters of various ultrasound driving modes, including continuous, linear, pulse, burst, and new modes, which can be combinations and modifications of known modes.
While known interfaces have been successfully used to perform phacoemulsification procedures in the past, they can be improved.
Particularly, the visual and functional aspects of interfaces can be enhanced so that surgeons can s control different pulse modes and can easily switch between different modes.
User interfaces should include additional controllable display elements that allow different modes and their parameters to be quickly and easily adjusted. These improvements should be made without unduly complicating the user interface and how it functions.
Further, interfaces should be capable of effectively representing various operating ~o parameters of various ultrasound driving modes, including continuous, linear, pulse, burst, and new modes, which can be combinations and modifications of known modes.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of embodiments and the advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description, taken in conjunction with s the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features and wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a known graphical user interface for use with a phacoemulsification surgical system in "continuous" mode;
to Figure 2 illustrates the interface shown in Figure 1 after the "continuous"
mode menu bar is selected to generate a drop down menu of available pulse modes;
Figure 3 illustrates the interface shown in Figure 2 after the "Ultrasound is Pulse" menu bar is selected from the menu;
Figure 4 illustrates the interface shown in Figure 2 after the "Ultrasound Burst" menu bar is selected from the menu;
2o Figure 5 illustrates a graphical user interface according to one embodiment of the invention that includes representations of the functions of pulse on-time and off time;
Figure 6 illustrates exemplary linear and non-linear representations of pulse 2s characteristics relative to a position of a foot pedal according to one embodiment;
Figure 7 illustrates exemplary non-linear representations of on-time and off time that decrease relative to a position of a foot pedal;
3o Figure 8 illustrates exemplary non-linear representations of on-time and off=
time that increase relative to a position of a foot pedal;
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of embodiments and the advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description, taken in conjunction with s the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features and wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a known graphical user interface for use with a phacoemulsification surgical system in "continuous" mode;
to Figure 2 illustrates the interface shown in Figure 1 after the "continuous"
mode menu bar is selected to generate a drop down menu of available pulse modes;
Figure 3 illustrates the interface shown in Figure 2 after the "Ultrasound is Pulse" menu bar is selected from the menu;
Figure 4 illustrates the interface shown in Figure 2 after the "Ultrasound Burst" menu bar is selected from the menu;
2o Figure 5 illustrates a graphical user interface according to one embodiment of the invention that includes representations of the functions of pulse on-time and off time;
Figure 6 illustrates exemplary linear and non-linear representations of pulse 2s characteristics relative to a position of a foot pedal according to one embodiment;
Figure 7 illustrates exemplary non-linear representations of on-time and off time that decrease relative to a position of a foot pedal;
3o Figure 8 illustrates exemplary non-linear representations of on-time and off=
time that increase relative to a position of a foot pedal;
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Figure 9 illustrates a menu that includes representations of on-time and off time according to one embodiment;
Figure 10 illustrates exemplary sequences of displaying horizontal, increasing s and decreasing on-time and off time representations according to one embodiment in which a user can scroll through different representations;
Figure 11 illustrates nine different pulse modes that can be implemented by selecting one of three on-time representations and one of three off time Io representations according to one embodiment;
Figure 12 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for "pulse" mode by selecting a constant on-time and a constant off time;
I5 Figure 13 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a "burst" mode by selecting a constant on-time and a decreasing off time relative to foot pedal displacement;
Figure 14 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for 20 "continuous" mode in which the off time is set to zero;
Figure 15 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which on-time decreases and the off time remains constant relative to foot pedal displacement;
Figure 16 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which both the on-time and the off time decrease relative to foot pedal displacement;
3o Figure 17 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which both the on-time and the off time increase relative to foot pedal displacement;
Figure 9 illustrates a menu that includes representations of on-time and off time according to one embodiment;
Figure 10 illustrates exemplary sequences of displaying horizontal, increasing s and decreasing on-time and off time representations according to one embodiment in which a user can scroll through different representations;
Figure 11 illustrates nine different pulse modes that can be implemented by selecting one of three on-time representations and one of three off time Io representations according to one embodiment;
Figure 12 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for "pulse" mode by selecting a constant on-time and a constant off time;
I5 Figure 13 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a "burst" mode by selecting a constant on-time and a decreasing off time relative to foot pedal displacement;
Figure 14 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for 20 "continuous" mode in which the off time is set to zero;
Figure 15 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which on-time decreases and the off time remains constant relative to foot pedal displacement;
Figure 16 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which both the on-time and the off time decrease relative to foot pedal displacement;
3o Figure 17 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which both the on-time and the off time increase relative to foot pedal displacement;
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Figure 18 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which the on-time increases and the off time decreases relative to foot pedal displacement;
Figure 19 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which the on-time remains constant and the off time decreases relative to foot pedal displacement; and 1 o Figure 20 is a flow chart illustrating a method for selecting a mode and related on-time and off time values according to one embodiment.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and which show by way of illustration specific s embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that changes may be made without departing from the scope of invention.
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a graphical user interface that provides improved control over the ultrasound driving or pulse modes that are io generated by a phacoemulsification surgical system and improved control over the parameters of the different pulse modes. Embodiments provide display elements that can be quickly and easily selected and adjusted by a surgeon to select different modes, while allowing various pulse parameters to be adjusted to customize the various modes. The pulse modes that can be selected include "Continuous," "Pulse" and t s "Burst" modes and, in addition, hybrid or combination modes that were not previously readily available for use in phacoemulsification systems.
Representations of characteristics or the functions of pulses are displayed in display elements. The representations can be changed by touching a display screen at a particular display element to generate a menu from which a representation of a pulse characteristic, such 2o as the on-time and the off time, can be selected by the user.
Alternatively, a user can scroll through different representations of the characteristics or function of the on-time and the off time of the pulses. The representation that is selected represents the function or behavior of the pulse characteristic, e.g., whether and how the on-time and the off time vary in response to displacement of a controller, such as a foot pedal, 2s and the types and characteristics of pulses that are generated by the phacoemulsification system.
Embodiments of the invention provide improvements over known interfaces by allowing on-time and the off time representations to be adjusted so that they 3o increase linearly, increase non-linearly, decrease linearly, decrease non-linearly, and remain substantially constant relative to displacement of a foot pedal, which, in turn, determine whether the on-time and/or off time decrease or increases linearly or non-_g_ Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
linearly or remain constant. Different pulse modes can be generated by selecting the manner in which the on-time and the off time vary (or do not vary). For example, nine different pulse modes can be selected when the on-time and the off time each can increase, decrease or remain constant in response to movement of the foot pedal. The s power limit, the on-time and the off time, can be adjusted using up/down arrows and other suitable adjustment mechanisms.
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the invention can be utilized with other surgical equipment including, but not limited to, neurosurgery to equipment, where control of various instruments is also performed with a remote foot pedal. For purposes of explanation, not limitation, this specification describes embodiments related to phacoemulsification procedures and their associated operating parameters.
is Referring to Figure 5, a user interface 500 for a phacoemulsiflcation surgical system according to one embodiment is displayed on a display screen 505 of the system. The interface 500 includes a maximum power or power limit display element 510, an on-time display element 520, and an off time display element 530. The current power level, as controlled by the foot pedal, is shown in a current power 2o display element 540. The interface 500 also includes other display elements and adjustments for other phacoemulsification surgical parameters, such as aspiration flow rate (Asp Rate) 550 and vacuum limit pressure (Vacuum) 560, as are known in the art.
Operation of these other display elements 550 and 560 is not discussed further in this specification. Pressing and releasing the foot pedal controls the operation of the as surgical devices according to the corresponding operating parameters and parameter values that are represented in the interface 500 and programmed in the system.
In the illustrated embodiment, the display elements 510, 520 and 530 are rectangle-shaped display elements. Indeed, other shapes besides rectangular shapes 3o can be utilized, and rectangle-shaped display elements are provided for purposes of illustration, not limitation. The power display element 510 includes a representation 512 of the behavior or function of the power relative to a position of the foot pedal.
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The on-time display element 520 includes a representation 522 of the behavior or function of the on-time of the pulses relative to a position of the foot pedal. The off time display element 530 includes a representation 532 of the behavior or function of the off time of the pulses relative to a position of the foot pedal. The graphic s representations can be easily and quickly selected and adjusted by a surgeon before and during surgery.
Refernng to Figure 6, a representation of a pulse characteristic can have various shapes depending on the desired relationship or function between the pulse t o parameter and the position of the foot pedal. As shown in Figure 6, a representation of a characteristic of a pulse can be linear or non-linear representation, to represent a linear or non-linear function of the power, on-time and/or off time. A linear representation can be an increasing linear representation 600, a horizontal or constant linear representation 610, and a decreasing linear representation 620. A non-linear t s representation can be an increasing non-liner representation 630 and a decreasing non-linear representation 640.
Exemplary non-linear representations include exponential and polynomial representations so that the power, on-time and/or off time varies exponentially or in 2o accordance with a polynomial with movement of the foot pedal.
Figure 7 illustrates exemplary non-linear representations. Non-linear representations 700-750 decrease non-linearly in different manners.
Representations 700-720 and corresponding functions of the power, on-time and/or off time decrease 2s less rapidly when the foot pedal is initially depressed, and decrease more rapidly as the foot pedal is depressed further. Representations 730-750 and corresponding functions of the power, on-time and/or off time decrease more rapidly when the foot pedal is initially depressed, and decrease more slowly as the foot pedal is depressed further. Figure 8 illustrates similar relationships with increasing representations of the 3o behavior or functions of a power, on-time and/or off time.
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For purposes of explanation and illustration, not limitation, this specification refers to linear representations, e.g., increasing linear, constant, and decreasing linear representations and related linear functions of power, on-time and/or off time.
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the power, on-time and off time can be s controlled with linear representations, non-linear representations and combinations thereof. Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that a linear representation may represent a characteristic of a pulse that is substantially linear and that includes some non-linear components in actual practice. For example, the relationship between the actual power and the position of the foot pedal may not be exactly linear due to to mapping the foot pedal position to the amount of power that is generated.
Thus, there may be some deviations from a truly "linear" representation in practice due to mapping and other factors.
In the embodiments shown in Figure 6, an increasing linear representation 600 Is extends from a bottom left corner to a top right corner of a display element to illustrate that the parameter being represented increases linearly as the foot pedal is pressed and decreases linearly as the foot pedal is released. A horizontal or constant linear representation 620 extends between opposite sides of a display element and illustrates that the parameter being represented remains substantially constant at 2o various foot pedal positions. A decreasing linear representation 610 extends from a bottom left corner to a top right corner of a display element and illustrates that the parameter being represented decreases linearly as the foot pedal is pressed and increases linearly as the foot pedal is released. In alternative embodiments, increasing and decreasing linear representations 600 and 610 and corresponding functions of the 2s pulse parameter may extend between a side and a corner of a display element or two sides of a display element, while still showing an increasing or decreasing relationship. This may represent, for example, that the starting value of the pulse parameter, such as the on-time and the off time, is a non-zero value.
3o Initial and minimum values of the power, on-time and off time can be set or programmed as necessary. The system can be configured so that the minimum power value is 0% or another desired value when the foot pedal is in its home position, e.g., ' ~ Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
when the foot pedal is released. For example, the initial on-time or, alternatively, the minimum on-time, can be 0 ms or another desired value. Similarly, the initial off time or, alternatively, the minimum off time, can be 0 ms or another desired value.
Initial values or, alternatively, minimum values, can set using another interface screen s or programming the values into the system.
Referring again to Figure S, a display element includes a value for a pulse parameter. For example, the power limit display element 510 includes a power value 513, the on-time display element 520 includes an on-time value 523 and the off time io display element includes an off time value 533. The values are adjusted using respective up/down arrows 514, 524 and 534 or other suitable adjustment mechanisms, such as slide bars. This specification refers to up/down arrows for purposes of illustration, not limitation. For example, if the function of on-time is an increasing function, then the on-line valve represents the maximum on-time.
The Is minimum on-time can be zero or another selected value. For example, the minimum value can be 20% of the maximum value. The starting value can be determined using a formula function or other techniques. As a further example, if the function of on-time is a decreasing function, then the on-time value represents the minimum on-time value when the foot pedal is fully depressed. The maximum on-time can be selected 2o as appropriate. Similar controls apply to the off time. The values represent the minimum or maximum values of each parameter when the foot pedal is fully depressed.
Thus, if the maximum value of the on-time is 70 ms and the on-time 2s representation increases linearly, then the on-time increases linearly, from zero or a minimum value (e.g., 20% of 70 ms) to 70 ms as the foot pedal is pressed. If the on-time representation decreases linearly, then the on-time decreases from a maximum value to 70 ms in a linear manner as the foot pedal is pressed. Similarly, if the maximum value of the off time is 70 ms and the off time representation decreases 30 linearly, then the off time decreases from a maximum value of 70 ms in a linear manner as the foot pedal is pressed. If the off time representation increases linearly, then the off time increases from 0 ms or a minimum value to 70 ms in a linear manner Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
as the foot pedal is pressed. As a further example, if the maximum value of the off time is 50 ms, and the off time representation is horizontal, then the off time remains substantially constant at 50 ms at different foot level positions. If the maximum value of the on-time is 50 ms, and the on-time representation is horizontal, then the on-time s remains substantially constant at 50 ms at different foot level positions.
In the illustrated embodiment, the values are superimposed over their respective representations. In other words, the representation appears in the background of a display element. For example, the value 514 is superimposed over to the power representation 512, the value 524 is superimposed over the on-time representation 522 and the value 534 is superimposed over the off time representation 532. In alternative embodiments, the representations can also be superimposed over the values depending on display preferences.
is A surgeon can select and switch representations and the manner in which the power, on-time and off time function in different manners. Referring to Figure 9, according to one embodiment, the surgeon can touch the display screen at a display element so that a menu 900 of different representations is displayed. The surgeon can then select a new representation or function of the power, on-time and/or off time 2o from the menu 900. For example, referring to Figures 5 and 9, a surgeon can touch the display screen SOS at the off time display element 530. As a result, a menu 900 of decreasing representations is displayed, and the surgeon can then select one of the representations from the menu 900. The selected representation represents how the pulse characteristic functions. Of course, the menu 900 can include different numbers 2s of decreasing, increasing and constant or horizontal representations.
Figure 9 illustrates a menu 900 having decreasing representations for purposes of illustration, not limitation. Each of the power limit, on-time and off time representations can be adjusted using a menu 900.
3o Refernng to Figure 10, according to another embodiment, a surgeon can touch the display screen 500 at a display element to change the representation of the pulse characteristic to the desired representation using a scroll menu 1000. In this Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
embodiment, each time the surgeon touches the display screen 505 at a particular display element, the representation of that pulse parameter changes to a new representation. In other words, the surgeon can scroll through different representations of pulse characteristics by touching the display screen 505 at the s corresponding display element. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Figure 10, different representations are shown to the surgeon individually rather than shown as a group or menu 900, as shown in Figure 9.
The representations in a scroll menu can appear to the surgeon in different Io orders. For example, if the initial representation is a horizontal representation, a first touch (Touch 1) of a display element can change the horizontal representation to a linear increasing representation. The next touch (Touch 2) can change the linear increasing representation to a linear decreasing representation. The next touch (Touch 3) can change the linear increasing representation to the horizontal representation.
Is Each of the power limit, on-time and off time representations can be adjusted in this manner. Figure 10 illustrates other sequences in which representations may be displayed to a surgeon in response to the surgeon touching the display screen at a display element. Further, alternative embodiments can include other numbers of representations and thus, other sequences of representations that are displayed.
Different ultrasound driving or pulse modes can be generated by the phacoemulsification system by selecting representations of the function or behavior of the power, on-time and off time, using a menu shown in Figure 9 or a scrolling menu shown in Figure 10.
According to one embodiment, the on-time and the off time can each be assigned three different representations: linear increasing, linear horizontal or constant, and linear decreasing.
3o Referring to Figure 11, the total number of possible modes can be determined by multiplying the number of on-time representations and the number of off time representations. In this embodiment, a surgeon can program nine different pulse Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
modes. Indeed, the number of modes can change when using different numbers of representations.
In Mode 1, both the on-time and the off time remain substantially constant s when the foot pedal is pressed due to the horizontal representations. In Mode 2, the on-time remains substantially constant and the off time increases linearly in response to the foot pedal being pressed. In Mode 3, the off time remains substantially constant and the off time decreases linearly in response to pressing the foot pedal. In Mode 4, the on-time increases linearly and the off time remains substantially constant to in response to pressing the foot pedal. In Mode 5, both the on-time and the off time increase linearly as the foot pedal is pressed. In Mode 6, the on-time increases linearly and the off time decreases linearly in response to the foot pedal being pressed. In Mode 7, the on-time decreases linearly and the off time remains substantially constant in response to pressing the foot pedal. In Mode 8, the on-time i s decreases linearly and the off time increases linearly in response to the foot pedal being pressed. In Mode 9, both the on-time an the off time decrease linearly as the foot pedal is pressed. A surgeon can select one of the nine modes depending on the particular application according to one embodiment. Figures 12-19 illustrate exemplary implementations of selected modes. For purposes of explanation, Figures 20 12-19 illustrate only the power, on-time and off time representations and related values.
Figure 12 illustrates an exemplary implementation of Mode 1, which is commonly referred to as "Pulse" mode. In "Pulse" mode, phacoemulsification power 2s is provided in periodic pulses at a constant duty cycle. The surgeon can increase or decrease the amount of power by pressing or releasing the foot pedal, which increases or decreases the amplitude of the fixed-width pulses. In known interfaces, such as the interface shown in Figure 3, "Pulse" mode is typically set using the pulse rate expressed in pulses per second (pps) and the duty cycle or on-time, which is 3o expressed in % time on. Embodiments of the invention use on-time and off time to represent pulses in "Pulse" mode. Power increases to a maximum value of 40% as the Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
foot pedal is depressed, whereas the on-time remains fixed at 30 ms and the off time remains fixed at 20 ms.
Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary implementation of Mode 3, which is s commonly referred to as "Burst" mode. In "Burst" mode, power is provided through a series of periodic, fixed width, constant amplitude pulses. Each pulse is followed by an "off' time. The off time is varied by pressing the foot pedal to adjust the amount of power that is delivered to the handpiece. In the illustrated example, the power increases linearly from an initial value to 40%, the on-time is fixed or constant, and to the off time decreases linearly from an initial value to 20 ms. For Burst mode, the initial value can be, for example 2500 ms. Indeed, other initial values can also be used.
Figure 14 illustrates one exemplary implementation of "Continuous" mode. A
i s continuous mode can be selected by setting the off time to zero when in "Pulse" mode (Figure 12) or other modes besides "Burst" mode (Figure 13). Ultrasound power is applied continuously in "Continuous" mode and in a linear manner so that the power increases linearly from zero to 40 as the foot pedal is pressed.
2o Figure 15 illustrates a mode in which the on-time decreases linearly and the off time remains constant as the foot pedal is pressed. More particularly, this combination results in power increasing linearly from an initial value to 40%, the on-time decreasing linearly from an initial value, such as 150 ms (a factor of five times the ending value) to the ending value of 30 ms in a linear manner. The off time 2s remains fixed at 20 ms. This particular mode can be beneficial since the pulses that are generated by the system can be "adaptive" to various lens hardnesses. For example, when the surgeon sees that a given foot pedal depression does not result in sufficiently rapid progress in lens removal, the surgeon will typically command deeper foot pedal penetration, thus resulting in greater power. Usually, greater power 3o will result in increased repulsion, however, repulsion can be reduced, minimized or eliminated since the duration of the ultrasound pulse with this particular setting will be shortened. This result can be particularly useful when a surgeon is attempting to Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
extract extremely mature cataracts, which are more prone to repulsion at higher powers due to their hardness.
Figure 16 illustrates a mode in which the power of pulses increases linearly s from an initial value to 40%, the on-time decreases linearly from an initial value, such as 150 ms, to a minimum value of 30 ms, and the off time decreases linearly from an initial value, such as 2500 ms, to a minimum value of 20 ms.
Figure 17 illustrates a mode in which the power, on-time and off time all to increase linearly as the foot pedal is pressed. The power increases linearly from an initial value zero to 40%, the on-time increases linearly from an initial value, e.g., 6 ms, to 20 ms, and the off time increases linearly from an initial value, e.g. 4 ms, to 20 ms.
1 s Figure 18 illustrates a mode in which the power and on-time increase linearly and the off time decreases linearly. The power increases linearly from an initial value to 40%, the on-time increases linearly from 6 ms, to 30 ms, and the off time decreases linearly from an initial value, e.g., 2500 ms, to 20 ms.
2o Figure 19 illustrates a mode in which the power increases linearly from the initial value to 40%, the on-time remains constant at 30 ms, and the off time increases linearly from 4 ms to 20 ms as the foot pedal is pressed.
Figure 20 illustrates a method in which representations and on-time and off 2s time values can be adjusted. In step 2000, the phacoemulsification surgery system is configured to have an initial on-time representation, an initial off time representation, an initial on-time value, and an initial off time value. In step 2005, a decision is made whether the pulse mode or a value of a pulse parameter are to be changed. If not, the initial settings are maintained.
If the pulse mode is to be changed, in step 2010, then the on-time and off time representations are changed as necessary in steps 2015 and 2020. For example, the Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
surgeon can touch the display screen at an on-time display element to change the on-time representation to one of an increasing linear, constant or decreasing linear representation. Similarly, the surgeon can touch the display screen at an off time display element to change the off time representation to one of an increasing linear, s constant or decreasing linear representation. The selected combination of the on-time and off time functions results in one of pulse modes shown in Figure 11 being selected in step 2025. Of course, different numbers of representations can allow a surgeon to generate different number of pulse modes.
The values of the on-time and off time parameters can be adjusted in step 2030. More specifically, the on-time value and the off time value can be adjusted as necessary in steps 2035 and 2040. Thus, the values of the pulse mode are adjusted in step 2045 as necessary.
is Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the graphical user interface and adjustments to the on-time and the off time can be modified in various ways.
Accordingly, persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiments are not limited to the particular exemplary embodiments described, but rather, embodiments can be applied to other surgical equipment and parameters.
Although 2o references have been made in the foregoing description to various embodiments, persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that insubstantial modifications, alterations, and substitutions can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the invention as claimed in the accompanying claims.
Figure 18 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which the on-time increases and the off time decreases relative to foot pedal displacement;
Figure 19 illustrates an interface according to one embodiment that is set for a mode in which the on-time remains constant and the off time decreases relative to foot pedal displacement; and 1 o Figure 20 is a flow chart illustrating a method for selecting a mode and related on-time and off time values according to one embodiment.
Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and which show by way of illustration specific s embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that changes may be made without departing from the scope of invention.
Embodiments of the invention are directed to a graphical user interface that provides improved control over the ultrasound driving or pulse modes that are io generated by a phacoemulsification surgical system and improved control over the parameters of the different pulse modes. Embodiments provide display elements that can be quickly and easily selected and adjusted by a surgeon to select different modes, while allowing various pulse parameters to be adjusted to customize the various modes. The pulse modes that can be selected include "Continuous," "Pulse" and t s "Burst" modes and, in addition, hybrid or combination modes that were not previously readily available for use in phacoemulsification systems.
Representations of characteristics or the functions of pulses are displayed in display elements. The representations can be changed by touching a display screen at a particular display element to generate a menu from which a representation of a pulse characteristic, such 2o as the on-time and the off time, can be selected by the user.
Alternatively, a user can scroll through different representations of the characteristics or function of the on-time and the off time of the pulses. The representation that is selected represents the function or behavior of the pulse characteristic, e.g., whether and how the on-time and the off time vary in response to displacement of a controller, such as a foot pedal, 2s and the types and characteristics of pulses that are generated by the phacoemulsification system.
Embodiments of the invention provide improvements over known interfaces by allowing on-time and the off time representations to be adjusted so that they 3o increase linearly, increase non-linearly, decrease linearly, decrease non-linearly, and remain substantially constant relative to displacement of a foot pedal, which, in turn, determine whether the on-time and/or off time decrease or increases linearly or non-_g_ Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
linearly or remain constant. Different pulse modes can be generated by selecting the manner in which the on-time and the off time vary (or do not vary). For example, nine different pulse modes can be selected when the on-time and the off time each can increase, decrease or remain constant in response to movement of the foot pedal. The s power limit, the on-time and the off time, can be adjusted using up/down arrows and other suitable adjustment mechanisms.
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the invention can be utilized with other surgical equipment including, but not limited to, neurosurgery to equipment, where control of various instruments is also performed with a remote foot pedal. For purposes of explanation, not limitation, this specification describes embodiments related to phacoemulsification procedures and their associated operating parameters.
is Referring to Figure 5, a user interface 500 for a phacoemulsiflcation surgical system according to one embodiment is displayed on a display screen 505 of the system. The interface 500 includes a maximum power or power limit display element 510, an on-time display element 520, and an off time display element 530. The current power level, as controlled by the foot pedal, is shown in a current power 2o display element 540. The interface 500 also includes other display elements and adjustments for other phacoemulsification surgical parameters, such as aspiration flow rate (Asp Rate) 550 and vacuum limit pressure (Vacuum) 560, as are known in the art.
Operation of these other display elements 550 and 560 is not discussed further in this specification. Pressing and releasing the foot pedal controls the operation of the as surgical devices according to the corresponding operating parameters and parameter values that are represented in the interface 500 and programmed in the system.
In the illustrated embodiment, the display elements 510, 520 and 530 are rectangle-shaped display elements. Indeed, other shapes besides rectangular shapes 3o can be utilized, and rectangle-shaped display elements are provided for purposes of illustration, not limitation. The power display element 510 includes a representation 512 of the behavior or function of the power relative to a position of the foot pedal.
Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
The on-time display element 520 includes a representation 522 of the behavior or function of the on-time of the pulses relative to a position of the foot pedal. The off time display element 530 includes a representation 532 of the behavior or function of the off time of the pulses relative to a position of the foot pedal. The graphic s representations can be easily and quickly selected and adjusted by a surgeon before and during surgery.
Refernng to Figure 6, a representation of a pulse characteristic can have various shapes depending on the desired relationship or function between the pulse t o parameter and the position of the foot pedal. As shown in Figure 6, a representation of a characteristic of a pulse can be linear or non-linear representation, to represent a linear or non-linear function of the power, on-time and/or off time. A linear representation can be an increasing linear representation 600, a horizontal or constant linear representation 610, and a decreasing linear representation 620. A non-linear t s representation can be an increasing non-liner representation 630 and a decreasing non-linear representation 640.
Exemplary non-linear representations include exponential and polynomial representations so that the power, on-time and/or off time varies exponentially or in 2o accordance with a polynomial with movement of the foot pedal.
Figure 7 illustrates exemplary non-linear representations. Non-linear representations 700-750 decrease non-linearly in different manners.
Representations 700-720 and corresponding functions of the power, on-time and/or off time decrease 2s less rapidly when the foot pedal is initially depressed, and decrease more rapidly as the foot pedal is depressed further. Representations 730-750 and corresponding functions of the power, on-time and/or off time decrease more rapidly when the foot pedal is initially depressed, and decrease more slowly as the foot pedal is depressed further. Figure 8 illustrates similar relationships with increasing representations of the 3o behavior or functions of a power, on-time and/or off time.
Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
For purposes of explanation and illustration, not limitation, this specification refers to linear representations, e.g., increasing linear, constant, and decreasing linear representations and related linear functions of power, on-time and/or off time.
Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the power, on-time and off time can be s controlled with linear representations, non-linear representations and combinations thereof. Persons skilled in the art will also appreciate that a linear representation may represent a characteristic of a pulse that is substantially linear and that includes some non-linear components in actual practice. For example, the relationship between the actual power and the position of the foot pedal may not be exactly linear due to to mapping the foot pedal position to the amount of power that is generated.
Thus, there may be some deviations from a truly "linear" representation in practice due to mapping and other factors.
In the embodiments shown in Figure 6, an increasing linear representation 600 Is extends from a bottom left corner to a top right corner of a display element to illustrate that the parameter being represented increases linearly as the foot pedal is pressed and decreases linearly as the foot pedal is released. A horizontal or constant linear representation 620 extends between opposite sides of a display element and illustrates that the parameter being represented remains substantially constant at 2o various foot pedal positions. A decreasing linear representation 610 extends from a bottom left corner to a top right corner of a display element and illustrates that the parameter being represented decreases linearly as the foot pedal is pressed and increases linearly as the foot pedal is released. In alternative embodiments, increasing and decreasing linear representations 600 and 610 and corresponding functions of the 2s pulse parameter may extend between a side and a corner of a display element or two sides of a display element, while still showing an increasing or decreasing relationship. This may represent, for example, that the starting value of the pulse parameter, such as the on-time and the off time, is a non-zero value.
3o Initial and minimum values of the power, on-time and off time can be set or programmed as necessary. The system can be configured so that the minimum power value is 0% or another desired value when the foot pedal is in its home position, e.g., ' ~ Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
when the foot pedal is released. For example, the initial on-time or, alternatively, the minimum on-time, can be 0 ms or another desired value. Similarly, the initial off time or, alternatively, the minimum off time, can be 0 ms or another desired value.
Initial values or, alternatively, minimum values, can set using another interface screen s or programming the values into the system.
Referring again to Figure S, a display element includes a value for a pulse parameter. For example, the power limit display element 510 includes a power value 513, the on-time display element 520 includes an on-time value 523 and the off time io display element includes an off time value 533. The values are adjusted using respective up/down arrows 514, 524 and 534 or other suitable adjustment mechanisms, such as slide bars. This specification refers to up/down arrows for purposes of illustration, not limitation. For example, if the function of on-time is an increasing function, then the on-line valve represents the maximum on-time.
The Is minimum on-time can be zero or another selected value. For example, the minimum value can be 20% of the maximum value. The starting value can be determined using a formula function or other techniques. As a further example, if the function of on-time is a decreasing function, then the on-time value represents the minimum on-time value when the foot pedal is fully depressed. The maximum on-time can be selected 2o as appropriate. Similar controls apply to the off time. The values represent the minimum or maximum values of each parameter when the foot pedal is fully depressed.
Thus, if the maximum value of the on-time is 70 ms and the on-time 2s representation increases linearly, then the on-time increases linearly, from zero or a minimum value (e.g., 20% of 70 ms) to 70 ms as the foot pedal is pressed. If the on-time representation decreases linearly, then the on-time decreases from a maximum value to 70 ms in a linear manner as the foot pedal is pressed. Similarly, if the maximum value of the off time is 70 ms and the off time representation decreases 30 linearly, then the off time decreases from a maximum value of 70 ms in a linear manner as the foot pedal is pressed. If the off time representation increases linearly, then the off time increases from 0 ms or a minimum value to 70 ms in a linear manner Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
as the foot pedal is pressed. As a further example, if the maximum value of the off time is 50 ms, and the off time representation is horizontal, then the off time remains substantially constant at 50 ms at different foot level positions. If the maximum value of the on-time is 50 ms, and the on-time representation is horizontal, then the on-time s remains substantially constant at 50 ms at different foot level positions.
In the illustrated embodiment, the values are superimposed over their respective representations. In other words, the representation appears in the background of a display element. For example, the value 514 is superimposed over to the power representation 512, the value 524 is superimposed over the on-time representation 522 and the value 534 is superimposed over the off time representation 532. In alternative embodiments, the representations can also be superimposed over the values depending on display preferences.
is A surgeon can select and switch representations and the manner in which the power, on-time and off time function in different manners. Referring to Figure 9, according to one embodiment, the surgeon can touch the display screen at a display element so that a menu 900 of different representations is displayed. The surgeon can then select a new representation or function of the power, on-time and/or off time 2o from the menu 900. For example, referring to Figures 5 and 9, a surgeon can touch the display screen SOS at the off time display element 530. As a result, a menu 900 of decreasing representations is displayed, and the surgeon can then select one of the representations from the menu 900. The selected representation represents how the pulse characteristic functions. Of course, the menu 900 can include different numbers 2s of decreasing, increasing and constant or horizontal representations.
Figure 9 illustrates a menu 900 having decreasing representations for purposes of illustration, not limitation. Each of the power limit, on-time and off time representations can be adjusted using a menu 900.
3o Refernng to Figure 10, according to another embodiment, a surgeon can touch the display screen 500 at a display element to change the representation of the pulse characteristic to the desired representation using a scroll menu 1000. In this Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
embodiment, each time the surgeon touches the display screen 505 at a particular display element, the representation of that pulse parameter changes to a new representation. In other words, the surgeon can scroll through different representations of pulse characteristics by touching the display screen 505 at the s corresponding display element. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Figure 10, different representations are shown to the surgeon individually rather than shown as a group or menu 900, as shown in Figure 9.
The representations in a scroll menu can appear to the surgeon in different Io orders. For example, if the initial representation is a horizontal representation, a first touch (Touch 1) of a display element can change the horizontal representation to a linear increasing representation. The next touch (Touch 2) can change the linear increasing representation to a linear decreasing representation. The next touch (Touch 3) can change the linear increasing representation to the horizontal representation.
Is Each of the power limit, on-time and off time representations can be adjusted in this manner. Figure 10 illustrates other sequences in which representations may be displayed to a surgeon in response to the surgeon touching the display screen at a display element. Further, alternative embodiments can include other numbers of representations and thus, other sequences of representations that are displayed.
Different ultrasound driving or pulse modes can be generated by the phacoemulsification system by selecting representations of the function or behavior of the power, on-time and off time, using a menu shown in Figure 9 or a scrolling menu shown in Figure 10.
According to one embodiment, the on-time and the off time can each be assigned three different representations: linear increasing, linear horizontal or constant, and linear decreasing.
3o Referring to Figure 11, the total number of possible modes can be determined by multiplying the number of on-time representations and the number of off time representations. In this embodiment, a surgeon can program nine different pulse Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
modes. Indeed, the number of modes can change when using different numbers of representations.
In Mode 1, both the on-time and the off time remain substantially constant s when the foot pedal is pressed due to the horizontal representations. In Mode 2, the on-time remains substantially constant and the off time increases linearly in response to the foot pedal being pressed. In Mode 3, the off time remains substantially constant and the off time decreases linearly in response to pressing the foot pedal. In Mode 4, the on-time increases linearly and the off time remains substantially constant to in response to pressing the foot pedal. In Mode 5, both the on-time and the off time increase linearly as the foot pedal is pressed. In Mode 6, the on-time increases linearly and the off time decreases linearly in response to the foot pedal being pressed. In Mode 7, the on-time decreases linearly and the off time remains substantially constant in response to pressing the foot pedal. In Mode 8, the on-time i s decreases linearly and the off time increases linearly in response to the foot pedal being pressed. In Mode 9, both the on-time an the off time decrease linearly as the foot pedal is pressed. A surgeon can select one of the nine modes depending on the particular application according to one embodiment. Figures 12-19 illustrate exemplary implementations of selected modes. For purposes of explanation, Figures 20 12-19 illustrate only the power, on-time and off time representations and related values.
Figure 12 illustrates an exemplary implementation of Mode 1, which is commonly referred to as "Pulse" mode. In "Pulse" mode, phacoemulsification power 2s is provided in periodic pulses at a constant duty cycle. The surgeon can increase or decrease the amount of power by pressing or releasing the foot pedal, which increases or decreases the amplitude of the fixed-width pulses. In known interfaces, such as the interface shown in Figure 3, "Pulse" mode is typically set using the pulse rate expressed in pulses per second (pps) and the duty cycle or on-time, which is 3o expressed in % time on. Embodiments of the invention use on-time and off time to represent pulses in "Pulse" mode. Power increases to a maximum value of 40% as the Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
foot pedal is depressed, whereas the on-time remains fixed at 30 ms and the off time remains fixed at 20 ms.
Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary implementation of Mode 3, which is s commonly referred to as "Burst" mode. In "Burst" mode, power is provided through a series of periodic, fixed width, constant amplitude pulses. Each pulse is followed by an "off' time. The off time is varied by pressing the foot pedal to adjust the amount of power that is delivered to the handpiece. In the illustrated example, the power increases linearly from an initial value to 40%, the on-time is fixed or constant, and to the off time decreases linearly from an initial value to 20 ms. For Burst mode, the initial value can be, for example 2500 ms. Indeed, other initial values can also be used.
Figure 14 illustrates one exemplary implementation of "Continuous" mode. A
i s continuous mode can be selected by setting the off time to zero when in "Pulse" mode (Figure 12) or other modes besides "Burst" mode (Figure 13). Ultrasound power is applied continuously in "Continuous" mode and in a linear manner so that the power increases linearly from zero to 40 as the foot pedal is pressed.
2o Figure 15 illustrates a mode in which the on-time decreases linearly and the off time remains constant as the foot pedal is pressed. More particularly, this combination results in power increasing linearly from an initial value to 40%, the on-time decreasing linearly from an initial value, such as 150 ms (a factor of five times the ending value) to the ending value of 30 ms in a linear manner. The off time 2s remains fixed at 20 ms. This particular mode can be beneficial since the pulses that are generated by the system can be "adaptive" to various lens hardnesses. For example, when the surgeon sees that a given foot pedal depression does not result in sufficiently rapid progress in lens removal, the surgeon will typically command deeper foot pedal penetration, thus resulting in greater power. Usually, greater power 3o will result in increased repulsion, however, repulsion can be reduced, minimized or eliminated since the duration of the ultrasound pulse with this particular setting will be shortened. This result can be particularly useful when a surgeon is attempting to Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
extract extremely mature cataracts, which are more prone to repulsion at higher powers due to their hardness.
Figure 16 illustrates a mode in which the power of pulses increases linearly s from an initial value to 40%, the on-time decreases linearly from an initial value, such as 150 ms, to a minimum value of 30 ms, and the off time decreases linearly from an initial value, such as 2500 ms, to a minimum value of 20 ms.
Figure 17 illustrates a mode in which the power, on-time and off time all to increase linearly as the foot pedal is pressed. The power increases linearly from an initial value zero to 40%, the on-time increases linearly from an initial value, e.g., 6 ms, to 20 ms, and the off time increases linearly from an initial value, e.g. 4 ms, to 20 ms.
1 s Figure 18 illustrates a mode in which the power and on-time increase linearly and the off time decreases linearly. The power increases linearly from an initial value to 40%, the on-time increases linearly from 6 ms, to 30 ms, and the off time decreases linearly from an initial value, e.g., 2500 ms, to 20 ms.
2o Figure 19 illustrates a mode in which the power increases linearly from the initial value to 40%, the on-time remains constant at 30 ms, and the off time increases linearly from 4 ms to 20 ms as the foot pedal is pressed.
Figure 20 illustrates a method in which representations and on-time and off 2s time values can be adjusted. In step 2000, the phacoemulsification surgery system is configured to have an initial on-time representation, an initial off time representation, an initial on-time value, and an initial off time value. In step 2005, a decision is made whether the pulse mode or a value of a pulse parameter are to be changed. If not, the initial settings are maintained.
If the pulse mode is to be changed, in step 2010, then the on-time and off time representations are changed as necessary in steps 2015 and 2020. For example, the Re: 2802Pr Express Mail EV 676197560 US
surgeon can touch the display screen at an on-time display element to change the on-time representation to one of an increasing linear, constant or decreasing linear representation. Similarly, the surgeon can touch the display screen at an off time display element to change the off time representation to one of an increasing linear, s constant or decreasing linear representation. The selected combination of the on-time and off time functions results in one of pulse modes shown in Figure 11 being selected in step 2025. Of course, different numbers of representations can allow a surgeon to generate different number of pulse modes.
The values of the on-time and off time parameters can be adjusted in step 2030. More specifically, the on-time value and the off time value can be adjusted as necessary in steps 2035 and 2040. Thus, the values of the pulse mode are adjusted in step 2045 as necessary.
is Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the graphical user interface and adjustments to the on-time and the off time can be modified in various ways.
Accordingly, persons of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that embodiments are not limited to the particular exemplary embodiments described, but rather, embodiments can be applied to other surgical equipment and parameters.
Although 2o references have been made in the foregoing description to various embodiments, persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that insubstantial modifications, alterations, and substitutions can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the invention as claimed in the accompanying claims.
Claims (3)
1. A user interface for a phacoemulsification surgical system that generates pulses having an on-time and an off-time, the pulses being adjusted in response to a controller and based on settings in a user interface displayed on a display screen, the user interface comprising:
a first display element that includes a representation of the on-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the controller, wherein a first on-time representation is changed to a second on-time representation in response to the display screen being touched at the first display element; and a second display element that includes a representation of the off-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the controller, wherein a first off-time representation is changed to a second off-time representation in response to the display screen being touched at the second display element.
a first display element that includes a representation of the on-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the controller, wherein a first on-time representation is changed to a second on-time representation in response to the display screen being touched at the first display element; and a second display element that includes a representation of the off-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the controller, wherein a first off-time representation is changed to a second off-time representation in response to the display screen being touched at the second display element.
2. A user interface for a phacoemulsification surgical system that generates pulses having an on-time and an off time, the pulses being adjusted in response to a foot pedal and based on settings in a user interface displayed on a display screen, the user interface comprising:
a first display element that includes a representation of the on-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein multiple on-time representations can be sequentially displayed in the first display element by touching the display screen at the first display element to scroll through the on-time representations, the on-time representation that is displayed in the first display element being the selected on-time representation; and a second display element that includes a representation of the off time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein multiple off time representations can be sequentially displayed in the second display element by touching the display screen at the second display element to scroll through the off time representations, the off time representation that is displayed in the second display element being the selected off time representation.
a first display element that includes a representation of the on-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein multiple on-time representations can be sequentially displayed in the first display element by touching the display screen at the first display element to scroll through the on-time representations, the on-time representation that is displayed in the first display element being the selected on-time representation; and a second display element that includes a representation of the off time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein multiple off time representations can be sequentially displayed in the second display element by touching the display screen at the second display element to scroll through the off time representations, the off time representation that is displayed in the second display element being the selected off time representation.
3. A user interface for a phacoemulsification surgical system that generates pulses having an on-time and an off time, the pulses being adjusted in response to a foot pedal and based on settings in a user interface displayed on a display screen, the user interface comprising:
a first display element that includes a linear representation of the on-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein the linear on-time representation is a decreasing linear or non-linear representation, a horizontal representation, or an increasing linear or non-linear representation, and wherein the on-time representations can be displayed in a menu in response to touching of the display screen at the first display element;
an on-time value that is displayed with the first display element and that indicates a value of the on-time of the pulses, wherein the on-time representation is displayed in the background relative to the on-time value;
a second display element that includes a linear representation of the off time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein the linear off time representation is a decreasing linear or non-linear representation, a horizontal representation, or an increasing linear or non-linear representation, and wherein the off time representations can be displayed in a menu in response to touching the display screen at the second display element; and an off-time value display that indicates a value of the off time of the pulses, wherein the off-time value display appears within the second display element and the off time representation is displayed in the background relative to the off time value.
a first display element that includes a linear representation of the on-time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein the linear on-time representation is a decreasing linear or non-linear representation, a horizontal representation, or an increasing linear or non-linear representation, and wherein the on-time representations can be displayed in a menu in response to touching of the display screen at the first display element;
an on-time value that is displayed with the first display element and that indicates a value of the on-time of the pulses, wherein the on-time representation is displayed in the background relative to the on-time value;
a second display element that includes a linear representation of the off time of pulses generated by the phacoemulsification system relative to a position of the foot pedal, wherein the linear off time representation is a decreasing linear or non-linear representation, a horizontal representation, or an increasing linear or non-linear representation, and wherein the off time representations can be displayed in a menu in response to touching the display screen at the second display element; and an off-time value display that indicates a value of the off time of the pulses, wherein the off-time value display appears within the second display element and the off time representation is displayed in the background relative to the off time value.
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