CA2542882A1 - High througput preparation of lubricating oil compositions for combinatorial libraries - Google Patents
High througput preparation of lubricating oil compositions for combinatorial libraries Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2542882A1 CA2542882A1 CA002542882A CA2542882A CA2542882A1 CA 2542882 A1 CA2542882 A1 CA 2542882A1 CA 002542882 A CA002542882 A CA 002542882A CA 2542882 A CA2542882 A CA 2542882A CA 2542882 A1 CA2542882 A1 CA 2542882A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- lubricating
- agents
- additive
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013537 high throughput screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 40
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 9
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004617 QSAR study Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010727 cylinder oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000302 molecular modelling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic anhydride Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)O1 RINCXYDBBGOEEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-1-[(z)-octadec-9-enoxy]octadec-9-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FFJCNSLCJOQHKM-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCC(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(CC)CCCC RDAGYWUMBWNXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)benzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC YEYQUBZGSWAPGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione Chemical class S=C1NNC(=S)S1 BIGYLAKFCGVRAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CN=CS1 RLPSARLYTKXVSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(bromomethyl)-1-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=C(I)C(CBr)=C1 YEVQZPWSVWZAOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO JDSQBDGCMUXRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C(Br)=NNC2=C1 NUCFNMOPTGEHQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N [(2s,3r,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S]P(=O)=O Chemical class [S]P(=O)=O BTHAQRDGBHUQMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;octadecanoic acid Chemical class [NH4+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JPNZKPRONVOMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZCILODAAHLISPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl ether Natural products C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(CC=C)=CC=2)O)=C1 ZCILODAAHLISPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(8-methylnonyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C WLLCYXDFVBWGBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006388 chemical passivation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010725 compressor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100539 dibutyl adipate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010710 diesel engine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WDNQRCVBPNOTNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinonylnaphthylsulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C(CCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCC)=CC2=C1 WDNQRCVBPNOTNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003050 experimental design method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- AHMZKMOWTURMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl-(4-methylpentan-2-yloxy)-silyloxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCC[SiH](O[SiH3])OC(C)CC(C)C AHMZKMOWTURMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003444 succinic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001911 terphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) silicate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[Si](OCC(CC)CCCC)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC MQHSFMJHURNQIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A high profile throughput preparation of a plurality of different lubricating oil composition for combinatorial libraries and subsequent high throughput screening for lubricant performance is provided. The methods can advantageously be optimized using combinatorial chemistry, in which a database of combinations of lubricating oil compositions are generated. As market conditions vary and/or product requirements or customer specifications change, conditions suitable for forming desired products can be identified with little or no downtime.
Description
2 PCT/US2004/035875 HIGH THROUGHPUT PREPARATION OF LUBRICATING
OIL COMPOSITIONS FOR COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field The present invention relates generally to high throughput preparation of a plurality of different lubricating oil compositions for combinatorial libraries and subsequent high throughput screening for lubricant performance.
2. Description of the Related Art The use of a combinatorial approach for materials synthesis is a relatively new area of research aimed at using rapid synthesis and screening methods to build libraries of polymeric, inorganic or solid state materials. For example, advances in reactor technology have empowered chemists and engineers to rapidly produce large libraries of discrete organic molecules in the pursuit of new drug discovery, which have led to the development of a growing branch of research called combinatorial chemistry.
Combinatorial chemistry generally refers to methods and materials for creating collections of diverse materials or compounds--commonly known as libraries--and to techniques and instruments for evaluating or screenng libraries for desirable properties.
Presently, research in the lubricant industry involves individually forming candidate lubricating oil compositions and then performing a macro-scale analysis of the candidate compositions by employing a large amount of the candidate to be tested.
Additionally, the methods employed for testing each candidate composition require manual operation. This, in turn, significantly reduces the number of compositions that can be tested and identified as leading lubricating oil compositions.
Drawbacks associated with conventional screening procedures can be seen as follows. For example, governmental and automotive industry pressure towards reducing the phosphorous and sulfiu content of lubricating oil compositions used as, for example, passenger car and heavy duty diesel engine oils, is leading to new research to identify oil compositions which can satisfy certain tests such as, for example, oxidation, wear and compatibility tests, while containing low levels of phosphorous and sulfur. In this context, United States Military Standards MIL-L-46152E and the ILSAC Standards defined by the Japanese and United States Automobile Industry Association at present require the phosphorous content of engine oils to be at or below 0.10 wt.%
with future phosphorous content being proposed to even lower levels, e.g., 0.08 wt.% by January, 2004 and below 0.05 wt.% by January, 2006. Also, at present, there is no industry standard requirement for sulfur content in engine oils, but it has been proposed that the sulfur content be below 0.2 wt.% by January, 2006. Thus, it would be desirable to decrease the amount of phosphorous and sulfiu in lubricating oils still further, thereby meeting future industry standard proposed phosphorous and sulfur contents in the engine oil while still retaining the oxidation or corrosion inhibiting properties and antiwear properties of the higher phosphorous and sulfur content engine oils. In order to accomplish this, a large number of proposed lubricating oil compositions must be tested to determine which compositions may be useful.
Additionally, similar changes in specifications and changing customer needs also drive reformulation efforts in other lubricant applications such as, for example, transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids, gear oils, marine cylinder oils, compressor oils, refrigeration lubricants and the like.
However, as stated above, present research in the lubricant industry does not allow for reformulation to occur in an expeditious manner. As such, there exists a need in the art for a more efficient, economical and systematic approach for the preparation of lubricating oil compositions and screening of such compositions for information correlating to the actual useful properties of the compositions.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to rapidly prepare a plurality of sample candidate lubricating oil compositions utilizing small amounts of each sample.
In this manner, a lugh throughput preparation and subsequent screening of a vast number of diverse compositions can be achieved to identify leading lubricating oil compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method for preparing a vast number of diverse lubricating oil compositions and system therefor is provided herein. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention a method for preparing a plurality of different lubricant oil formulations is provided comprising the steps of (a) providing a major amount of (i) at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and (ii) a minor amount of at least one lubricating oil additive for combination to formulate a lubricating oil composition; (b) providing a plurality of test reservoirs; (c) combining, under program control, the major amount of the at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and the at least one lubricating oil additive in varying percentage compositions to provide a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples; and, (d) containing each of the different lubricating oil composition samples in the plurality of test reservoirs.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a system for preparing a plurality of lubricant oil compositions, under program control, is provided comprising (a) a supply of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a supply of at least one lubricating oil additive; (c) a plurality of test reservoirs; (d) means for combining selected quantities of the at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity with selected quantities of the at least one lubricating oil additive to form a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples; and, (e) means for dispensing each lubricating oil composition sample in a respective test reservoir.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR.AW1NGS
Various embodiments axe described below with reference to the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for preparing a plurality of different lubricating oil compositions; and, FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a dispensing system of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS) The invention is directed to the high throughput preparation of a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples for subsequent testing for lubricant performance properties. The expression "high throughput" as used herein shall be understood to mean that a relatively large number of different lubricating oil compositions can be rapidly prepared and analyzed. In general, varying quantities of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and at least one lubricating oil additive are introduced in respective test reservoirs so that each reservoir contains a different lubricating oil composition. The procedure is advantageously accomplished under program control and is automatically controlled by, for example, a microprocessor or other computer control device. The expression "program control" as used hereW
shall be understood to mean the equipment used herein in providing the plurality of lubricating oil compositions is automated and controlled by a microprocessor or other computer control device.
The lubricating oil compositions for use in the high throughput preparation method of this invention include as a first component a major amount of base oil of lubricating viscosity, e.g., an amount of greater than 50 wt. %, preferably greater than about 70 wt. %, more preferably from about 80 to about 99.5 wt. % and most preferably from about 85 to about 98 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
The expression "base oil" as used herein shall be understood to mean a base stock or blend of base stocks which is a lubricant component that is produced by a single manufacturer to the same specifications (independent of feed source or manufacturer's location); that meets the same manufacturer's specification; and that is identified by a unique formula, product identification number, or both. The base oil for use herein can be any presently lrnown or later-discovered base oil of lubricating viscosity used in formulating lubricating oil compositions for any and all such applications, e.g., engine oils, marine cylinder oils, functional fluids such as hydraulic oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, etc.
Additonally, the base oils for use herein can optionally contain viscosity index improvers, e.g., polymeric alkylmethacrylates; olefinic copolymers, e.g., an ethylene-propylene copolymer or a styrene-butadiene copolymer; and the like and mixtures thereof.
As one skilled in the art would readily appreciate, the viscosity of the base oil is dependent upon the application. Accordingly, the viscosity of a base oil for use herein will ordinarily range from about 2 to about 2000 centistokes (cSt) at 100° Centigrade (C). Generally, individually the base oils used as engine oils will have a kinematic viscosity range at 100°C of about 2 cSt to about 30 cSt, preferably about 3 cSt to about 16 cSt, and most preferably about 4 cSt to about 12 cSt and will be selected or blended depending on the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to give the desired grade of engine oil, e.g., a lubricating oil composition having an SAE Viscosity Grade of OW, OW-20, OW-30, OW-40, OW-50, OW-60, SW, SW-20, SW-30, SW-40, SW-50, SW-60, lOW, lOW-20, lOW-30, lOW-40, lOW-50, 15W, 15W-20, 15W-30 or 15W-40. Oils used as gear oils can have viscosities ranging from about 2 cSt to about 2000 cSt at 100°C.
Base stocks may be manufactured using a variety of different processes including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification, and rerefming. Rerefined stock shall be substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use. The base oil of the lubricating oil compositions of this invention may be any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil. Suitable hydrocarbon synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, oils prepared from the polymerization of ethylene or from the polymerization of 1-olefins to provide polymers such as polyalphaolefin or PAO oils, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases such as in a Fisher-Tropsch process.
For example, a suitable base oil is one that comprises little, if any, heavy fraction; e.g., little, if any, Tube oil fraction of viscosity 20 cSt or higher at 100°C.
The base oil may be derived from natural lubricating oils, synthetic lubricating oils or mixtures thereof. Suitable base oil includes base stocks obtained by isomerization of synthetic wax and slack wax, as well as hydrocraclced base stocks produced by hydrocracking (rather than solvent extracting) the aromatic and polar components of the crude. Suitable base oils include those in all API categories I, II, III, IV
and V as defined in API Publication 1509, 14th Edition, Addendum I, Dec. 1998. Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAO). Group V base oils include all other base oils not included in Group I, II, III, or IV. Although Group II, III and IV base oils are preferred for use in this invention, these preferred base oils may be prepared by combining one or more of Group I, II, III, IV and V base stocks or base oils.
Useful natural oils include mineral lubricating oils such as, for example, liquid petroleum oils, solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types, oils derived from coal or shale, animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., rapeseed oils, castor oils and lard oil), and the lilce.
Useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins, e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), and the like and mixtures thereof; allcylbenzenes such as dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes, and the like; polyphenyls such as biphenyls, terphenyls, allzylated polyphenyls, and the like; alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivative, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.
Other useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, oils made by polymerizing olefins of less than 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, butylenes, isobutene, pentene, and mixtures thereof. Methods of preparing such polymer oils are well known to those skilled in the art.
Additional useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils include liquid polymers of alpha olefins having the proper viscosity. Especially useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of C6 to C1z alpha olefins such as, for example, 1-decene trimer.
Another class of useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, allcylene oxide polymers, i.e., homopolymers, interpolymers, and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by, for example, esterification or etherification. These oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the allcyl and phenyl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl poly propylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1,000, Biphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof such as, for example, the acetic esters, mixed C3-C$ fatty acid esters, or the Cl3oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
Yet another class of useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, the esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, malefic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acids, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, etc., with a variety of alcohols, e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.
Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl furnarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and the like.
Esters useful as synthetic oils also include, but are not limited to, those made from carboxylic acids having from about 5 to about 12 carbon atoms With alcohols, e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc., polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and the lilce.
Silicon-based oils such as, for example, polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- or polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils, comprise another useful class of synthetic lubricating oils. Specific examples of these include, but are not limited to, tetraethyl silicate, tetra-isopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl) silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-hexyl)silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butylphenyl)silicate, hexyl-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)disiloxane, poly(methyl)siloxanes, poly(methylphenyl)siloxanes, and the like. Still yet other useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, liquid esters of phosphorous containing acids, e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decane phosphionic acid, etc., polymeric tetrahyckofurans and the like.
The lubricating oil may be derived from unrefined, refined and rerefmed oils, either natural, synthetic or mixtures of two or more of any of these of the type disclosed hereinabove. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source (e.g., coal, shale, or tar sands bitumen) without further purification or treatment.
Examples of unrefined oils include, but are not limited to, a shale oil obtained directly fiom retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or an ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process, each of which is then used without further treatment. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
These purification techniques are known to those of slcill in the art and include, for example, solvent extTactions, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, hydrotreating, dewaxing, etc. Rerefined oils are obtained by treating used oils in processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
Lubricating oil base stocks derived from the hydroisomerization of wax may also be used, either alone or in combination with the aforesaid natural and/or synthetic base stocks. Such wax isomerate oil is produced by the hydxoisomerization of natural or synthetic waxes or mixtures thereof over a hydroisomerization catalyst.
Natural waxes are typically the slack waxes recovered by the solvent dewaxing of mineral oils; synthetic waxes are typically the wax produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process.
The second component of the lubricating oil compositions for use herein is at least one lubricating oil additive. Such additives can be any presently known or later-discovered additive used in formulating lubricating oil compositions. The lubricating oil additives for use herein include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, detergents such as metal detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, package compatibilisers, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof. Greases will require the addition of appropriate thickeners. A variety of the additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or their analogous compounds, can be employed for the preparation of the various lubricating oil compositions herein.
Alternatively, the lubricating oil additives) can further contain a diluent oil to form an additive concentrate. These concentrates usually include at least from about 90 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably from about 90 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, of a diluent oil and from about 10 wt. % to about 90 wt. %, preferably from about 10 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, of the foregoing additive(s). Suitable diluents for the concentrates include any inert diluent, preferably an oil of lubricating viscosity such as, for example, a base oil as described hereinbelow, so that the concentrate may be readily mixed with lubricating oils to prepare lubricating oil compositions. Suitable lubricating oils that may be used as diluents can be any oil of lubricating viscosity.
Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, aminic types, e.g., diphenylamine, phenyl-alpha-napthyl-amine, N,N-di(allcylphenyl) amines; and alkylated phenylene-diamines; phenolics such as, for exaanple, BHT, sterically hindered alkyl phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-octyl-3-propanoic) phenol; sulfur-containing materials, e.g., sulfurized olefins or esters and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of antiwear agents include, but are not limited to, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates and zinc diaryldithiophosphates, e.g., those described in an article by Born et al. entitled "Relationship between Chemical Structure and Effectiveness of Some Metallic Diallcyl- and Diaryl-dithiophosphates in Different Lubricated Mechanisms", appearing in Lubrication Science 4-2 January 1992, see for example pages 97-100; aryl phosphates and phosphites, sulfur-containing esters, phosphosulfur compounds, metal or ash-free dithiocarbamates, xanthates, alkyl sulfides and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of detergents include, but are not limited to, overbased or neutral detergents such as sulfonate detergents, e.g., those made from alkyl benzene and fuming sulfuric acid; phenates (high overbased or low overbased), high overbased phenate stearates, phenolates, salicylates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates, ionic surfactants and the like and mixtures thereof. Low overbased metal sulfonates typically have a total base number (TBI~ of from about 0 to about 30 and preferably from about 10 to about 25.
Low overbased metal sulfonates and neutral metal sulfonates are well known in the art.
Examples of rust inhibitors include, but are not limited to, nonionic polyoxyallcylene agents, e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, and polyethylene glycol monooleate;. stearic acid and other fatty acids; dicarboxylic acids; metal soaps; fatty acid amine salts; metal salts of heavy sulfonic acid; partial carboxylic acid ester of polyhydric alcohol; phosphoric esters; (short-chain) allcenyl succinic acids; partial esters thereof and nitrogen-containing derivatives thereof; synthetic allcarylsulfonates, e.g., metal dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates; and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of friction modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated fatty amines; borated fatty epoxides; fatty phosphites, fatty epoxides, fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerol esters, borated glycerol esters; and fatty imidazolines as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,372,696, the contents of which axe incorporated by reference herein; friction modifiers obtained from a reaction product of a C4 to CAS, preferably a C6 to C24, and most preferably a C6 to CZO, fatty acid ester and a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, and an alkanolamine, e.g., those disclosed in U.S.
Serial No.
10/402,170, filed March 28, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein, and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of antifoaming agents include, but are not limited to, polymers of alkyl methacrylate; polymers of dimethylsilicone and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of ashless dispersants include, but are not limited to, polyalkylene succinic anhydrides; non-nitrogen containing derivatives of a polyalkylene succinic anhydride; a basic nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of succixiimides, carboxylic acid amides, hydrocarbyl monoamines, hydrocarbyl polyamines, Mannich bases, phosphonoamides, thiophosphonamides and phosphoramides; thiazoles, e.g., 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles and derivatives thereof; triazoles, e.g., alkyltriazoles and benzotriazoles; copolymers which contain a carboxylate ester with one or more additional polar function, including amine, amide, imine, imide, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and the like, e.g., products prepared by copolymerization of long chain alkyl acrylates or methacrylates with monomers of the above function; and the like and mixtures thereof.
The derivatives of these dispersants, e.g., borated dispersants such as borated succinimides, may also be used. Preferably, the dispersants are polyalkylene succinimides derived from animation of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides with polyalkylene polyamine.
If desired, prior to dispensing the at least one base oil and at least one lubricating oil additive to provide the compositions herein, as discussed hereinbelow, it can be advantageous to conduct molecular modeling of proposed compounds for use in the compositions (i.e., formulations) to determine which compounds may provide potential leading candidate compositions. For example, calculations can be carried out involving such factors as, for example, transition states, bond lengths, bond angles, dipole moment, hydrophobicity, etc, of the compounds. Accordingly, the proposed compounds can be screened to determine, for example, which compounds may perform poorly in an oxidation inhibition process due to a poor ability to trap intermediate peroxides. This can be carried out using known software such as, for example, Quantum Mechancs available from Accelrys (San Diego, California).
Software for the design of test libraries can be used to design the original compound test libraries based on input from the foregoing experimental program(s). This software can be used to efficiently design test libraries that cover the desired experimental space and utilize statistical experimental design methods. Other software can then be used to analyze the data from the experiments and correlate that data with the structure of the compounds and/or compound treatment conditions and/or reaction conditions. Such correlations are often referred to as QSAR software (Quantitative Structure Activity Relations) available from Accelrys (San Diego, California).
Such QSAR programs can then be used by the software to design subsequent compound test libraries for further screening.
The use of such QSAR programs can add to the efficiency of screening. As more data is collected, these QSAR programs can become more efficient at developing compounds libraries with increased probability for fording desirable compounds. For example, the compounds analyzed can be formulated into various lubricating oil compositions, as decribed hereinbelow, and then further analyzed by way of, for example, regression and analysis technologies, using known software, e.g., CZ-QSAR
available from Accelrys (San Diego, California). In this manner, validation of the data obtained from the molecular modeling can be achieved and then this data can also be stored in a data collector. In tlus way, new compounds, conceived by one skilled in the art can be checked by the QSAR software to predict their activity prior to their actual synthesis. Additionally, such software tools may be utilized to prioritize a list of possible compounds being considered for synthesis in such a way that one slcilled in the art will have a higher probability for success.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a system 100 is shown for preparing a plurality of test samples. Vessel 110 contains a supply of the foregoing base oils of lubricating viscosity B. Vessel 120 contains a supply of additive A, which can be any of the foregoing additives useful for modifying the properties of the base oil so as to provide a lubricating oil composition suitable for the intended use or application. As one skilled iii the art would readily appreciate, one or more of vessels 110 and vessels 120 can be used when dispensing more than one base oil and one additive, respectively.
Tubular line 111 is a conduit for communicating the base oil B to nozzle portion 113, from which it can be dispensed into a selected test reservoir, as described below.
The amount of base oil dispensed is determined by metering pump 112, which can be computer controlled.
Tubular line 121 is a conduit for communicating lubricating oil additive A to nozzle portion 123, from which it can be dispensed into a selected test reservoir, as described below. The amount of base oil dispensed is determined by metering pmnp 122, which also can be computer controlled. Computer programs and systems for automatically metering predetermined amounts of materials in accordance with a preselected program control are known in the art and can be used herein.
Nozzles 113 and 123 are preferably in close proximity so that base oil B and additive A can be simultaneously dispensed in a test reservoir. Alternatively, base oil B
and additive A can be sequentially added to the test reservoir. The nozzles 113 and 123 can comprise a multichannel pipette or one or more syringe needles.
The vessels 110 and 120 can be under pressure. Optionally, more than two vessels can be employed. Metering pumps suitable for use in the invention are known and commercially available. In the event that highly viscous lubricant base stock or additives are used, the vessels 110 and 120 andlor the tubular lines 111 and 121, metering pumps 112 and 122, and/or nozzles 113 and 123 can be heated to facilitate fluid flow therethrough.
The test frame 130 includes a block 131 of inert material (e.g., glass, ceramic, metal) having a plurality of recesses 132 for receiving the dispensed base oil and additives. The recesses provide test reservoirs wherein each reservoir contains a lubricating oil of a different and predetermined composition, i.e., the percentage and/or type of base oil andlor additives in each composition will vary from one reservoir to another. Optionally, the reservoirs can be individual receptacles (e.g., test tubes) mounted upon a rack, instead of being recesses in a block. While five reservoirs, i.e., recesses 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d, 132e, are illustrated in FIG. 1, any number of reservoirs can be employed. For example, a 10x10 array of reservoirs would accommodate different lubricating oil formulation samples. It is also contemplated that liners (not shown), e.g., glass or metal such as aluminum, can be inserted into recesses 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d, 132e prior to depositing the lubricating oil components.
The individual reservoirs are adapted to hold relatively small amounts of lubricating oil samples. The sample size in each reservoir can be no more than about 20 ml, preferably no more than about 15 ml, more preferably no more than about 10 ml and yet more preferably no more than about 5 ml.
The test frame 130 and dispensing nozzles 113 and 123 are movable relative to one another. Although manual movement of the apparatus by an equipment operator is within the purview of the invention, robotic mechanisms with programmable movement are preferred. In one embodiment the test frame 130 is mounted upon a slidable carriage movable in a lateral and/or vertical direction so as to sequentially position a selected recess under the dispensing nozzles 113 and 123. In another embodiment, the nozzles 113 and 123, and optionally the vessels 110 and 120, are slidably movable laterally and/or vertically to accomplish positioning of the nozzles 113 and 123.
In a testing procedure, vessels 110 and 120 are filled with the selected lubricant base oil and additive(s), respectively. The apparatus of system 100 is moved such that dispensing nozzles 113 and 123 are positioned above and in alignment with recess 132a.
A metered amount of base oil B and a metered amount of additive A are simultaneously dispensed into recess 132a. The dispensing nozzles 113 and 123 are thereafter repositioned to be in alignment with the next recess 132b and the metered amounts of additive A and/or base oil B are changed in accordance with a predetermined schedule of variation such that the lubricating oil in recess 132b has a different percentage composition of additive than that in recess 132a. The pattern is repeated as the nozzles 113 and 123 are sequentially aligned with the successive recesses 132c, 132d, and 132e so that each recess has a predetermined composition of lubricating oil.
The components A and B are preferably combined in the reservoirs by mixing, for example, by agitation of the frame 131, static mixing, individual stirring of the contents of the reservoirs (mechanical or magnetic stirring) or by bubbling the reservoir with a gas, e.g., nitrogen.
Optionally, base oil B and additives) A can be combined prior to dispensing iilto the respective reservoirs. For example, a single dispensing nozzle having a mixing chamber can be used, wherein base oil B and additives) A are metered into the mixing chamber and then dispensed through the nozzle into the reservoir.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a system 200 for combining and dispensing a lubricating oil composition is schematically illustrated which employs a single nozzle assembly 210 having an elongated injector portion 211 and a mixing chamber 212. The end of injector portion 211 includes an opening 216 through which the lubricating oil composition is ejected into the selected test reservoir.
A conduit 202 conveys a quantity of base oil B through a metering apparatus and into mixing chamber 212. Conduit 204 carries a first additive A-1 through metering apparatus 203 and into mixing chamber 212. Conduit 206 carries a second additive A-2 through metering apparatus 205 and into mixing chamber 212. As one skilled in the art would readily appreciate, while only two additive components A-1 and A-2 are shown, it should be understood that any number of different additives can be individually metered into the nozzle assembly 210. The metering apparatus 201, 203, and 205 are each automatically controlled by control system 250 wluch preferably includes a microprocessor with the appropriate programming and control connections 251, 252 and 253 for communicating control signals to the respective metering apparatus.
Control connections 251, 252 and 253 can be, for example, electrical, optical, pneumatic, or fluidic. The control system 250 determines the composition of the lubricating oil in the mixing chamber 212 by regulating the amounts of the respective lubrication oil components (i.e., base oil B, and additives A-1, A-2, etc.) metered into the nozzle assembly 210.
Preferably the conduits 202, 204, and 206 are terminated with one way valves 207, 20~, and 209, respectively, to prevent backflow of the mixing chamber contents in the event that pressure in the mixing chamber 212 exceeds the pressure iii the conduits.
The lubricating oil components can be mixed together by various means. For example, mixing unit 213 can be a rotary impeller, or, more preferably, an ultrasonic probe. Optionally, baffles 215 can be incorporated into nozzle assembly 210 for static mixing of the components as they flow through the nozzle assembly.
In the event that high viscosity components are being mixed, a heating unit such as coiled resistance heater 218 can be used to raise the temperature of the components and thereby lower their viscosity to improve fluid flow. Heating units can alternatively be convection units (e.g., hot air blowers), radiant coils, or conduction heaters, and can be used to heat any part of the system 200 including the component supplies (B, A-1, A-2), the conduits (202, 204, 206), the metering apparatus (201, 203, 205), the mixing chamber 212, and/or the injector portion 211 (as shown).
The contents of the mixing chamber 212 can be moved through inj ector portion 211 by, for example, applying pressure from a pressure source P such as compressed gas.
As mentioned above, one-way valves 207, 208, and 209 prevent baclcflow of the contents into the conduits 202, 204, and 206 if the pressure within the mixing chamber exceeds the pressure within the conduits. Alternatively, the lubricant base oil and additive sources B, A-1 and A-2 can be pressurized and/or the metering apparatus 201, 203 and 205 can provide pumping pressure to move the materials through the system.
The procedure described above provides an array of samples of varying compositions which can be compiled in a data collector, e.g., microprocessor, to provide a combinatorial lubricating oil composition library. The array of samples can then be screened with respect to selected properties and categorized in the combinatorial lubricating oil composition library. For example, the plurality of different lubricating oil compositions can be subjected to further automated or manual screening tests, e.g., storage stability tests, oxidation tests, wear tests, etc., for information correlating to the actual useful properties of the compositions to determine their efficacy. The results of each of the tests can then be compiled in the database as stated above to provide the combinatorial lubricating oil composition library. Alternatively, the system may be electrically connected to a signal data collector comprising a computer microprocessor for system operation and control to collect the data from the various tests over an extended period of tune to compile the combinatorial lubricating oil composition library.
While the above description contains many specifics, these specifics should not be construed as limitations of the invention, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. Those skilled in the art will envision many other embodiments within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
OIL COMPOSITIONS FOR COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field The present invention relates generally to high throughput preparation of a plurality of different lubricating oil compositions for combinatorial libraries and subsequent high throughput screening for lubricant performance.
2. Description of the Related Art The use of a combinatorial approach for materials synthesis is a relatively new area of research aimed at using rapid synthesis and screening methods to build libraries of polymeric, inorganic or solid state materials. For example, advances in reactor technology have empowered chemists and engineers to rapidly produce large libraries of discrete organic molecules in the pursuit of new drug discovery, which have led to the development of a growing branch of research called combinatorial chemistry.
Combinatorial chemistry generally refers to methods and materials for creating collections of diverse materials or compounds--commonly known as libraries--and to techniques and instruments for evaluating or screenng libraries for desirable properties.
Presently, research in the lubricant industry involves individually forming candidate lubricating oil compositions and then performing a macro-scale analysis of the candidate compositions by employing a large amount of the candidate to be tested.
Additionally, the methods employed for testing each candidate composition require manual operation. This, in turn, significantly reduces the number of compositions that can be tested and identified as leading lubricating oil compositions.
Drawbacks associated with conventional screening procedures can be seen as follows. For example, governmental and automotive industry pressure towards reducing the phosphorous and sulfiu content of lubricating oil compositions used as, for example, passenger car and heavy duty diesel engine oils, is leading to new research to identify oil compositions which can satisfy certain tests such as, for example, oxidation, wear and compatibility tests, while containing low levels of phosphorous and sulfur. In this context, United States Military Standards MIL-L-46152E and the ILSAC Standards defined by the Japanese and United States Automobile Industry Association at present require the phosphorous content of engine oils to be at or below 0.10 wt.%
with future phosphorous content being proposed to even lower levels, e.g., 0.08 wt.% by January, 2004 and below 0.05 wt.% by January, 2006. Also, at present, there is no industry standard requirement for sulfur content in engine oils, but it has been proposed that the sulfur content be below 0.2 wt.% by January, 2006. Thus, it would be desirable to decrease the amount of phosphorous and sulfiu in lubricating oils still further, thereby meeting future industry standard proposed phosphorous and sulfur contents in the engine oil while still retaining the oxidation or corrosion inhibiting properties and antiwear properties of the higher phosphorous and sulfur content engine oils. In order to accomplish this, a large number of proposed lubricating oil compositions must be tested to determine which compositions may be useful.
Additionally, similar changes in specifications and changing customer needs also drive reformulation efforts in other lubricant applications such as, for example, transmission fluids, hydraulic fluids, gear oils, marine cylinder oils, compressor oils, refrigeration lubricants and the like.
However, as stated above, present research in the lubricant industry does not allow for reformulation to occur in an expeditious manner. As such, there exists a need in the art for a more efficient, economical and systematic approach for the preparation of lubricating oil compositions and screening of such compositions for information correlating to the actual useful properties of the compositions.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to rapidly prepare a plurality of sample candidate lubricating oil compositions utilizing small amounts of each sample.
In this manner, a lugh throughput preparation and subsequent screening of a vast number of diverse compositions can be achieved to identify leading lubricating oil compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method for preparing a vast number of diverse lubricating oil compositions and system therefor is provided herein. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention a method for preparing a plurality of different lubricant oil formulations is provided comprising the steps of (a) providing a major amount of (i) at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and (ii) a minor amount of at least one lubricating oil additive for combination to formulate a lubricating oil composition; (b) providing a plurality of test reservoirs; (c) combining, under program control, the major amount of the at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and the at least one lubricating oil additive in varying percentage compositions to provide a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples; and, (d) containing each of the different lubricating oil composition samples in the plurality of test reservoirs.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a system for preparing a plurality of lubricant oil compositions, under program control, is provided comprising (a) a supply of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a supply of at least one lubricating oil additive; (c) a plurality of test reservoirs; (d) means for combining selected quantities of the at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity with selected quantities of the at least one lubricating oil additive to form a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples; and, (e) means for dispensing each lubricating oil composition sample in a respective test reservoir.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DR.AW1NGS
Various embodiments axe described below with reference to the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for preparing a plurality of different lubricating oil compositions; and, FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a dispensing system of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS) The invention is directed to the high throughput preparation of a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples for subsequent testing for lubricant performance properties. The expression "high throughput" as used herein shall be understood to mean that a relatively large number of different lubricating oil compositions can be rapidly prepared and analyzed. In general, varying quantities of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and at least one lubricating oil additive are introduced in respective test reservoirs so that each reservoir contains a different lubricating oil composition. The procedure is advantageously accomplished under program control and is automatically controlled by, for example, a microprocessor or other computer control device. The expression "program control" as used hereW
shall be understood to mean the equipment used herein in providing the plurality of lubricating oil compositions is automated and controlled by a microprocessor or other computer control device.
The lubricating oil compositions for use in the high throughput preparation method of this invention include as a first component a major amount of base oil of lubricating viscosity, e.g., an amount of greater than 50 wt. %, preferably greater than about 70 wt. %, more preferably from about 80 to about 99.5 wt. % and most preferably from about 85 to about 98 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
The expression "base oil" as used herein shall be understood to mean a base stock or blend of base stocks which is a lubricant component that is produced by a single manufacturer to the same specifications (independent of feed source or manufacturer's location); that meets the same manufacturer's specification; and that is identified by a unique formula, product identification number, or both. The base oil for use herein can be any presently lrnown or later-discovered base oil of lubricating viscosity used in formulating lubricating oil compositions for any and all such applications, e.g., engine oils, marine cylinder oils, functional fluids such as hydraulic oils, gear oils, transmission fluids, etc.
Additonally, the base oils for use herein can optionally contain viscosity index improvers, e.g., polymeric alkylmethacrylates; olefinic copolymers, e.g., an ethylene-propylene copolymer or a styrene-butadiene copolymer; and the like and mixtures thereof.
As one skilled in the art would readily appreciate, the viscosity of the base oil is dependent upon the application. Accordingly, the viscosity of a base oil for use herein will ordinarily range from about 2 to about 2000 centistokes (cSt) at 100° Centigrade (C). Generally, individually the base oils used as engine oils will have a kinematic viscosity range at 100°C of about 2 cSt to about 30 cSt, preferably about 3 cSt to about 16 cSt, and most preferably about 4 cSt to about 12 cSt and will be selected or blended depending on the desired end use and the additives in the finished oil to give the desired grade of engine oil, e.g., a lubricating oil composition having an SAE Viscosity Grade of OW, OW-20, OW-30, OW-40, OW-50, OW-60, SW, SW-20, SW-30, SW-40, SW-50, SW-60, lOW, lOW-20, lOW-30, lOW-40, lOW-50, 15W, 15W-20, 15W-30 or 15W-40. Oils used as gear oils can have viscosities ranging from about 2 cSt to about 2000 cSt at 100°C.
Base stocks may be manufactured using a variety of different processes including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification, and rerefming. Rerefined stock shall be substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use. The base oil of the lubricating oil compositions of this invention may be any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil. Suitable hydrocarbon synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, oils prepared from the polymerization of ethylene or from the polymerization of 1-olefins to provide polymers such as polyalphaolefin or PAO oils, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases such as in a Fisher-Tropsch process.
For example, a suitable base oil is one that comprises little, if any, heavy fraction; e.g., little, if any, Tube oil fraction of viscosity 20 cSt or higher at 100°C.
The base oil may be derived from natural lubricating oils, synthetic lubricating oils or mixtures thereof. Suitable base oil includes base stocks obtained by isomerization of synthetic wax and slack wax, as well as hydrocraclced base stocks produced by hydrocracking (rather than solvent extracting) the aromatic and polar components of the crude. Suitable base oils include those in all API categories I, II, III, IV
and V as defined in API Publication 1509, 14th Edition, Addendum I, Dec. 1998. Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins (PAO). Group V base oils include all other base oils not included in Group I, II, III, or IV. Although Group II, III and IV base oils are preferred for use in this invention, these preferred base oils may be prepared by combining one or more of Group I, II, III, IV and V base stocks or base oils.
Useful natural oils include mineral lubricating oils such as, for example, liquid petroleum oils, solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types, oils derived from coal or shale, animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., rapeseed oils, castor oils and lard oil), and the lilce.
Useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins, e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), and the like and mixtures thereof; allcylbenzenes such as dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes, and the like; polyphenyls such as biphenyls, terphenyls, allzylated polyphenyls, and the like; alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivative, analogs and homologs thereof and the like.
Other useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, oils made by polymerizing olefins of less than 5 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, butylenes, isobutene, pentene, and mixtures thereof. Methods of preparing such polymer oils are well known to those skilled in the art.
Additional useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils include liquid polymers of alpha olefins having the proper viscosity. Especially useful synthetic hydrocarbon oils are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of C6 to C1z alpha olefins such as, for example, 1-decene trimer.
Another class of useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, allcylene oxide polymers, i.e., homopolymers, interpolymers, and derivatives thereof where the terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by, for example, esterification or etherification. These oils are exemplified by the oils prepared through polymerization of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the allcyl and phenyl ethers of these polyoxyalkylene polymers (e.g., methyl poly propylene glycol ether having an average molecular weight of 1,000, Biphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 500-1000, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,000-1,500, etc.) or mono- and polycarboxylic esters thereof such as, for example, the acetic esters, mixed C3-C$ fatty acid esters, or the Cl3oxo acid diester of tetraethylene glycol.
Yet another class of useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, the esters of dicarboxylic acids e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, malefic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acids, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, etc., with a variety of alcohols, e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, etc.
Specific examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate, di-n-hexyl furnarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and the like.
Esters useful as synthetic oils also include, but are not limited to, those made from carboxylic acids having from about 5 to about 12 carbon atoms With alcohols, e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc., polyols and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, and the lilce.
Silicon-based oils such as, for example, polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy- or polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils, comprise another useful class of synthetic lubricating oils. Specific examples of these include, but are not limited to, tetraethyl silicate, tetra-isopropyl silicate, tetra-(2-ethylhexyl) silicate, tetra-(4-methyl-hexyl)silicate, tetra-(p-tert-butylphenyl)silicate, hexyl-(4-methyl-2-pentoxy)disiloxane, poly(methyl)siloxanes, poly(methylphenyl)siloxanes, and the like. Still yet other useful synthetic lubricating oils include, but are not limited to, liquid esters of phosphorous containing acids, e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, diethyl ester of decane phosphionic acid, etc., polymeric tetrahyckofurans and the like.
The lubricating oil may be derived from unrefined, refined and rerefmed oils, either natural, synthetic or mixtures of two or more of any of these of the type disclosed hereinabove. Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source (e.g., coal, shale, or tar sands bitumen) without further purification or treatment.
Examples of unrefined oils include, but are not limited to, a shale oil obtained directly fiom retorting operations, a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or an ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process, each of which is then used without further treatment. Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
These purification techniques are known to those of slcill in the art and include, for example, solvent extTactions, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, hydrotreating, dewaxing, etc. Rerefined oils are obtained by treating used oils in processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils. Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
Lubricating oil base stocks derived from the hydroisomerization of wax may also be used, either alone or in combination with the aforesaid natural and/or synthetic base stocks. Such wax isomerate oil is produced by the hydxoisomerization of natural or synthetic waxes or mixtures thereof over a hydroisomerization catalyst.
Natural waxes are typically the slack waxes recovered by the solvent dewaxing of mineral oils; synthetic waxes are typically the wax produced by the Fischer-Tropsch process.
The second component of the lubricating oil compositions for use herein is at least one lubricating oil additive. Such additives can be any presently known or later-discovered additive used in formulating lubricating oil compositions. The lubricating oil additives for use herein include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, detergents such as metal detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, package compatibilisers, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, dyes, extreme pressure agents and the like and mixtures thereof. Greases will require the addition of appropriate thickeners. A variety of the additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or their analogous compounds, can be employed for the preparation of the various lubricating oil compositions herein.
Alternatively, the lubricating oil additives) can further contain a diluent oil to form an additive concentrate. These concentrates usually include at least from about 90 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably from about 90 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, of a diluent oil and from about 10 wt. % to about 90 wt. %, preferably from about 10 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, of the foregoing additive(s). Suitable diluents for the concentrates include any inert diluent, preferably an oil of lubricating viscosity such as, for example, a base oil as described hereinbelow, so that the concentrate may be readily mixed with lubricating oils to prepare lubricating oil compositions. Suitable lubricating oils that may be used as diluents can be any oil of lubricating viscosity.
Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, aminic types, e.g., diphenylamine, phenyl-alpha-napthyl-amine, N,N-di(allcylphenyl) amines; and alkylated phenylene-diamines; phenolics such as, for exaanple, BHT, sterically hindered alkyl phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-octyl-3-propanoic) phenol; sulfur-containing materials, e.g., sulfurized olefins or esters and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of antiwear agents include, but are not limited to, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates and zinc diaryldithiophosphates, e.g., those described in an article by Born et al. entitled "Relationship between Chemical Structure and Effectiveness of Some Metallic Diallcyl- and Diaryl-dithiophosphates in Different Lubricated Mechanisms", appearing in Lubrication Science 4-2 January 1992, see for example pages 97-100; aryl phosphates and phosphites, sulfur-containing esters, phosphosulfur compounds, metal or ash-free dithiocarbamates, xanthates, alkyl sulfides and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of detergents include, but are not limited to, overbased or neutral detergents such as sulfonate detergents, e.g., those made from alkyl benzene and fuming sulfuric acid; phenates (high overbased or low overbased), high overbased phenate stearates, phenolates, salicylates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates, ionic surfactants and the like and mixtures thereof. Low overbased metal sulfonates typically have a total base number (TBI~ of from about 0 to about 30 and preferably from about 10 to about 25.
Low overbased metal sulfonates and neutral metal sulfonates are well known in the art.
Examples of rust inhibitors include, but are not limited to, nonionic polyoxyallcylene agents, e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, and polyethylene glycol monooleate;. stearic acid and other fatty acids; dicarboxylic acids; metal soaps; fatty acid amine salts; metal salts of heavy sulfonic acid; partial carboxylic acid ester of polyhydric alcohol; phosphoric esters; (short-chain) allcenyl succinic acids; partial esters thereof and nitrogen-containing derivatives thereof; synthetic allcarylsulfonates, e.g., metal dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates; and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of friction modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated fatty amines; borated fatty epoxides; fatty phosphites, fatty epoxides, fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerol esters, borated glycerol esters; and fatty imidazolines as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,372,696, the contents of which axe incorporated by reference herein; friction modifiers obtained from a reaction product of a C4 to CAS, preferably a C6 to C24, and most preferably a C6 to CZO, fatty acid ester and a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, and an alkanolamine, e.g., those disclosed in U.S.
Serial No.
10/402,170, filed March 28, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein, and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of antifoaming agents include, but are not limited to, polymers of alkyl methacrylate; polymers of dimethylsilicone and the like and mixtures thereof.
Examples of ashless dispersants include, but are not limited to, polyalkylene succinic anhydrides; non-nitrogen containing derivatives of a polyalkylene succinic anhydride; a basic nitrogen compound selected from the group consisting of succixiimides, carboxylic acid amides, hydrocarbyl monoamines, hydrocarbyl polyamines, Mannich bases, phosphonoamides, thiophosphonamides and phosphoramides; thiazoles, e.g., 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles and derivatives thereof; triazoles, e.g., alkyltriazoles and benzotriazoles; copolymers which contain a carboxylate ester with one or more additional polar function, including amine, amide, imine, imide, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and the like, e.g., products prepared by copolymerization of long chain alkyl acrylates or methacrylates with monomers of the above function; and the like and mixtures thereof.
The derivatives of these dispersants, e.g., borated dispersants such as borated succinimides, may also be used. Preferably, the dispersants are polyalkylene succinimides derived from animation of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides with polyalkylene polyamine.
If desired, prior to dispensing the at least one base oil and at least one lubricating oil additive to provide the compositions herein, as discussed hereinbelow, it can be advantageous to conduct molecular modeling of proposed compounds for use in the compositions (i.e., formulations) to determine which compounds may provide potential leading candidate compositions. For example, calculations can be carried out involving such factors as, for example, transition states, bond lengths, bond angles, dipole moment, hydrophobicity, etc, of the compounds. Accordingly, the proposed compounds can be screened to determine, for example, which compounds may perform poorly in an oxidation inhibition process due to a poor ability to trap intermediate peroxides. This can be carried out using known software such as, for example, Quantum Mechancs available from Accelrys (San Diego, California).
Software for the design of test libraries can be used to design the original compound test libraries based on input from the foregoing experimental program(s). This software can be used to efficiently design test libraries that cover the desired experimental space and utilize statistical experimental design methods. Other software can then be used to analyze the data from the experiments and correlate that data with the structure of the compounds and/or compound treatment conditions and/or reaction conditions. Such correlations are often referred to as QSAR software (Quantitative Structure Activity Relations) available from Accelrys (San Diego, California).
Such QSAR programs can then be used by the software to design subsequent compound test libraries for further screening.
The use of such QSAR programs can add to the efficiency of screening. As more data is collected, these QSAR programs can become more efficient at developing compounds libraries with increased probability for fording desirable compounds. For example, the compounds analyzed can be formulated into various lubricating oil compositions, as decribed hereinbelow, and then further analyzed by way of, for example, regression and analysis technologies, using known software, e.g., CZ-QSAR
available from Accelrys (San Diego, California). In this manner, validation of the data obtained from the molecular modeling can be achieved and then this data can also be stored in a data collector. In tlus way, new compounds, conceived by one skilled in the art can be checked by the QSAR software to predict their activity prior to their actual synthesis. Additionally, such software tools may be utilized to prioritize a list of possible compounds being considered for synthesis in such a way that one slcilled in the art will have a higher probability for success.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a system 100 is shown for preparing a plurality of test samples. Vessel 110 contains a supply of the foregoing base oils of lubricating viscosity B. Vessel 120 contains a supply of additive A, which can be any of the foregoing additives useful for modifying the properties of the base oil so as to provide a lubricating oil composition suitable for the intended use or application. As one skilled iii the art would readily appreciate, one or more of vessels 110 and vessels 120 can be used when dispensing more than one base oil and one additive, respectively.
Tubular line 111 is a conduit for communicating the base oil B to nozzle portion 113, from which it can be dispensed into a selected test reservoir, as described below.
The amount of base oil dispensed is determined by metering pump 112, which can be computer controlled.
Tubular line 121 is a conduit for communicating lubricating oil additive A to nozzle portion 123, from which it can be dispensed into a selected test reservoir, as described below. The amount of base oil dispensed is determined by metering pmnp 122, which also can be computer controlled. Computer programs and systems for automatically metering predetermined amounts of materials in accordance with a preselected program control are known in the art and can be used herein.
Nozzles 113 and 123 are preferably in close proximity so that base oil B and additive A can be simultaneously dispensed in a test reservoir. Alternatively, base oil B
and additive A can be sequentially added to the test reservoir. The nozzles 113 and 123 can comprise a multichannel pipette or one or more syringe needles.
The vessels 110 and 120 can be under pressure. Optionally, more than two vessels can be employed. Metering pumps suitable for use in the invention are known and commercially available. In the event that highly viscous lubricant base stock or additives are used, the vessels 110 and 120 andlor the tubular lines 111 and 121, metering pumps 112 and 122, and/or nozzles 113 and 123 can be heated to facilitate fluid flow therethrough.
The test frame 130 includes a block 131 of inert material (e.g., glass, ceramic, metal) having a plurality of recesses 132 for receiving the dispensed base oil and additives. The recesses provide test reservoirs wherein each reservoir contains a lubricating oil of a different and predetermined composition, i.e., the percentage and/or type of base oil andlor additives in each composition will vary from one reservoir to another. Optionally, the reservoirs can be individual receptacles (e.g., test tubes) mounted upon a rack, instead of being recesses in a block. While five reservoirs, i.e., recesses 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d, 132e, are illustrated in FIG. 1, any number of reservoirs can be employed. For example, a 10x10 array of reservoirs would accommodate different lubricating oil formulation samples. It is also contemplated that liners (not shown), e.g., glass or metal such as aluminum, can be inserted into recesses 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d, 132e prior to depositing the lubricating oil components.
The individual reservoirs are adapted to hold relatively small amounts of lubricating oil samples. The sample size in each reservoir can be no more than about 20 ml, preferably no more than about 15 ml, more preferably no more than about 10 ml and yet more preferably no more than about 5 ml.
The test frame 130 and dispensing nozzles 113 and 123 are movable relative to one another. Although manual movement of the apparatus by an equipment operator is within the purview of the invention, robotic mechanisms with programmable movement are preferred. In one embodiment the test frame 130 is mounted upon a slidable carriage movable in a lateral and/or vertical direction so as to sequentially position a selected recess under the dispensing nozzles 113 and 123. In another embodiment, the nozzles 113 and 123, and optionally the vessels 110 and 120, are slidably movable laterally and/or vertically to accomplish positioning of the nozzles 113 and 123.
In a testing procedure, vessels 110 and 120 are filled with the selected lubricant base oil and additive(s), respectively. The apparatus of system 100 is moved such that dispensing nozzles 113 and 123 are positioned above and in alignment with recess 132a.
A metered amount of base oil B and a metered amount of additive A are simultaneously dispensed into recess 132a. The dispensing nozzles 113 and 123 are thereafter repositioned to be in alignment with the next recess 132b and the metered amounts of additive A and/or base oil B are changed in accordance with a predetermined schedule of variation such that the lubricating oil in recess 132b has a different percentage composition of additive than that in recess 132a. The pattern is repeated as the nozzles 113 and 123 are sequentially aligned with the successive recesses 132c, 132d, and 132e so that each recess has a predetermined composition of lubricating oil.
The components A and B are preferably combined in the reservoirs by mixing, for example, by agitation of the frame 131, static mixing, individual stirring of the contents of the reservoirs (mechanical or magnetic stirring) or by bubbling the reservoir with a gas, e.g., nitrogen.
Optionally, base oil B and additives) A can be combined prior to dispensing iilto the respective reservoirs. For example, a single dispensing nozzle having a mixing chamber can be used, wherein base oil B and additives) A are metered into the mixing chamber and then dispensed through the nozzle into the reservoir.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a system 200 for combining and dispensing a lubricating oil composition is schematically illustrated which employs a single nozzle assembly 210 having an elongated injector portion 211 and a mixing chamber 212. The end of injector portion 211 includes an opening 216 through which the lubricating oil composition is ejected into the selected test reservoir.
A conduit 202 conveys a quantity of base oil B through a metering apparatus and into mixing chamber 212. Conduit 204 carries a first additive A-1 through metering apparatus 203 and into mixing chamber 212. Conduit 206 carries a second additive A-2 through metering apparatus 205 and into mixing chamber 212. As one skilled in the art would readily appreciate, while only two additive components A-1 and A-2 are shown, it should be understood that any number of different additives can be individually metered into the nozzle assembly 210. The metering apparatus 201, 203, and 205 are each automatically controlled by control system 250 wluch preferably includes a microprocessor with the appropriate programming and control connections 251, 252 and 253 for communicating control signals to the respective metering apparatus.
Control connections 251, 252 and 253 can be, for example, electrical, optical, pneumatic, or fluidic. The control system 250 determines the composition of the lubricating oil in the mixing chamber 212 by regulating the amounts of the respective lubrication oil components (i.e., base oil B, and additives A-1, A-2, etc.) metered into the nozzle assembly 210.
Preferably the conduits 202, 204, and 206 are terminated with one way valves 207, 20~, and 209, respectively, to prevent backflow of the mixing chamber contents in the event that pressure in the mixing chamber 212 exceeds the pressure iii the conduits.
The lubricating oil components can be mixed together by various means. For example, mixing unit 213 can be a rotary impeller, or, more preferably, an ultrasonic probe. Optionally, baffles 215 can be incorporated into nozzle assembly 210 for static mixing of the components as they flow through the nozzle assembly.
In the event that high viscosity components are being mixed, a heating unit such as coiled resistance heater 218 can be used to raise the temperature of the components and thereby lower their viscosity to improve fluid flow. Heating units can alternatively be convection units (e.g., hot air blowers), radiant coils, or conduction heaters, and can be used to heat any part of the system 200 including the component supplies (B, A-1, A-2), the conduits (202, 204, 206), the metering apparatus (201, 203, 205), the mixing chamber 212, and/or the injector portion 211 (as shown).
The contents of the mixing chamber 212 can be moved through inj ector portion 211 by, for example, applying pressure from a pressure source P such as compressed gas.
As mentioned above, one-way valves 207, 208, and 209 prevent baclcflow of the contents into the conduits 202, 204, and 206 if the pressure within the mixing chamber exceeds the pressure within the conduits. Alternatively, the lubricant base oil and additive sources B, A-1 and A-2 can be pressurized and/or the metering apparatus 201, 203 and 205 can provide pumping pressure to move the materials through the system.
The procedure described above provides an array of samples of varying compositions which can be compiled in a data collector, e.g., microprocessor, to provide a combinatorial lubricating oil composition library. The array of samples can then be screened with respect to selected properties and categorized in the combinatorial lubricating oil composition library. For example, the plurality of different lubricating oil compositions can be subjected to further automated or manual screening tests, e.g., storage stability tests, oxidation tests, wear tests, etc., for information correlating to the actual useful properties of the compositions to determine their efficacy. The results of each of the tests can then be compiled in the database as stated above to provide the combinatorial lubricating oil composition library. Alternatively, the system may be electrically connected to a signal data collector comprising a computer microprocessor for system operation and control to collect the data from the various tests over an extended period of tune to compile the combinatorial lubricating oil composition library.
While the above description contains many specifics, these specifics should not be construed as limitations of the invention, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. Those skilled in the art will envision many other embodiments within the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (37)
1. A method for preparing a plurality of different lubricant oil formulations comprising:
a) providing a major amount of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one lubricating oil additive for combination to formulate a lubricating oil composition;
b) providing a plurality of test reservoirs;
c) combining, under program control, the major amount base oil of lubricating viscosity and lubricating oil additive in varying percentage compositions to provide a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples; and, d) containing each of the different lubricating oil composition samples in the plurality of test reservoirs.
a) providing a major amount of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount of at least one lubricating oil additive for combination to formulate a lubricating oil composition;
b) providing a plurality of test reservoirs;
c) combining, under program control, the major amount base oil of lubricating viscosity and lubricating oil additive in varying percentage compositions to provide a plurality of different lubricating oil composition samples; and, d) containing each of the different lubricating oil composition samples in the plurality of test reservoirs.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the test reservoirs comprise recesses in a unitary body.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the test reservoirs comprise individual receptacles.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining step (c) is performed withal each respective test reservoir.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining step (c) is performed outside of the test reservoirs.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining step (c) comprises metering predetermined respective amounts of the base oil of lubricating viscosity and the lubricating oil additive, the metering being automatically controlled by a computer controller.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the combining step (c) includes mixing of the base oil of lubricating viscosity and the lubricating oil additive.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the mixing is accomplished by static mixing.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the mixing is accomplished by agitation.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the agitation comprises mechanical stirring.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the agitation comprises ultrasonic agitation.
12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of heating the base oil of lubricating viscosity or lubricating oil additive or both.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the base oil of lubricating viscosity is a natural or synthetic oil.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil additive is selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, anti-wear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, package compatibilisers, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, dyes, extreme pressure agents and mixtures thereof.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of lubricating oil compositions includes at least five samples.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality lubricating oil compositions includes at least 100 samples.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the lubricating oil composition samples has a volume of no more than about 20 ml.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the lubricating oil composition samples has a volume of no more than about 15 ml.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the lubricating oil composition samples has a volume of no more than about 10 ml.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the lubricating oil composition samples has a volume of no more than about 5 ml.
21. The method of claim 1, further comprising analyzing the plurality of lubricating oil compositions.
22. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing information regarding the identity of the lubricating oil compositions in the plurality of combinations of lubricating oil compositions in a database.
23. A system for preparing a plurality of lubricant oil formulations, under program control, which comprises:
a) a supply of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity;
b) a supply of at least one lubricating oil additive;
c) a plurality of test reservoirs;
d) means for combining selected quantities of the at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity with selected quantities of the at least one lubricating oil additive to form a plurality of lubricating oil composition samples; and , e) means for dispensing each lubricating oil composition sample in a respective test reservoir.
a) a supply of at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity;
b) a supply of at least one lubricating oil additive;
c) a plurality of test reservoirs;
d) means for combining selected quantities of the at least one base oil of lubricating viscosity with selected quantities of the at least one lubricating oil additive to form a plurality of lubricating oil composition samples; and , e) means for dispensing each lubricating oil composition sample in a respective test reservoir.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the base oil of lubricating viscosity is a natural or synthetic oil.
25. The system of claim 23, wherein the lubricating oil additive is selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, anti-wear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, dehazing agents, demulsifying agents, metal deactivating agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, antifoaming agents, co-solvents, package compatibilisers, corrosion-inhibitors, ashless dispersants, dyes, extreme pressure agents and mixtures thereof.
26. The system of claim 23, wherein the test reservoirs comprise recesses in a unitary body.
27. The system of claim 23, wherein the test reservoirs comprise a plurality of individual receptacles.
28. The system of claim 23, further comprising a computer controller for automatically controlling said means for combining and means for dispensing.
29. The system of claim 23, wherein said means for dispensing and said plurality of test reservoirs are movable relative to each other.
30. The system of claim 23, further comprising a computer controlled metering apparatus for metering selected quantities of the base oil and additive for mixing to provide the lubricant oil samples.
31. The system of claim 23, wherein the means for combining comprises a mixer.
32. The system of claim 31, wherein the mixer is a baffle-containing static mixer.
33. The system of claim 31, wherein the mixer is a mechanical stirrer.
34. The system of claim 31, wherein the mixer is an ultrasonic mixer.
35. The system of claim 23, further comprising a heater.
36. The system of claim 23, wherein the means for dispensing includes a mixing chamber and a nozzle extending from the mixing chamber, the nozzle terminating in an outlet opening through which the lubricant oil composition samples are rejected.
37. The system of claim 36, further including means to pressurize the mixing chamber to eject the lubricating oil composition samples.
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US7069203B2 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2006-06-27 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Method and system of product development process for chemical compositions using high volume modeling |
US7985592B2 (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2011-07-26 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | High throughput screening methods for lubricating oil compositions |
CA2617100A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-08 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method to determine predictive tests and device applying same to lubricant formulations |
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US7468280B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
CN1875270A (en) | 2006-12-06 |
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CN1875270B (en) | 2013-04-03 |
US20080153716A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
EP1685220A2 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
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