CA2565244A1 - Membranes and electrochemical cells incorporating such membranes - Google Patents

Membranes and electrochemical cells incorporating such membranes Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2565244A1
CA2565244A1 CA002565244A CA2565244A CA2565244A1 CA 2565244 A1 CA2565244 A1 CA 2565244A1 CA 002565244 A CA002565244 A CA 002565244A CA 2565244 A CA2565244 A CA 2565244A CA 2565244 A1 CA2565244 A1 CA 2565244A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
ion
membrane according
conducting material
substrate
conducting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002565244A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2565244C (en
Inventor
Gerard Francis Mclean
Tran Ngo
Jeremy Schrooten
Ned Djilali
Anna Stukas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BIC SA
Original Assignee
Angstrom Power Incorporated
Gerard Francis Mclean
Tran Ngo
Jeremy Schrooten
Ned Djilali
Anna Stukas
Societe Bic
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Publication date
Application filed by Angstrom Power Incorporated, Gerard Francis Mclean, Tran Ngo, Jeremy Schrooten, Ned Djilali, Anna Stukas, Societe Bic filed Critical Angstrom Power Incorporated
Publication of CA2565244A1 publication Critical patent/CA2565244A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2565244C publication Critical patent/CA2565244C/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
    • H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1065—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the form, e.g. perforated or wave-shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
    • H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
    • H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
    • H01M8/1088—Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
    • H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
    • H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
    • H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
    • H01M8/1093—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation mechanical, e.g. pressing, puncturing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24306—Diamond or hexagonal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24314—Slit or elongated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component

Abstract

One aspect of the invention provides an ion-conducting membrane comprising an ion-conducting region and a non-ion-conducting region. The ion-conducting region is formed by a plurality of ion-conducting passageways that extend through the membrane. The passageways are filled with ion-conducting material and may be surrounded by non-ion conducting material. The membrane may comprise a substrate of non-ion-conducting material that is penetrated by openings, each opening providing a corresponding one of the passageways.

Claims (45)

1. An ion-conducting membrane comprising an ion-conducting region, the ion-conducting region comprising a substrate having one or more ion-conducting passageways that extend through the substrate, each passageway comprising an ion-conducting material that is relatively more ion-conductive than the substrate.
2. A membrane according to claim 1 wherein the ion-conducting region comprises a plurality of ion-conducting passageways.
3. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein each passageway comprises a corresponding opening that penetrates the substrate and is filled with the ion-conducting material.
4. A membrane according to claim 3 wherein the substrate is penetrated by a plurality of openings in a porous region of the substrate, the porous region of the substrate corresponding to the ion-conducting region of the membrane.
5. A membrane according to claim 4 wherein the substrate comprises a substantially non-porous region corresponding to a non-ion conducting region of the membrane.
6. A membrane according to claim 5 wherein the porous region of the substrate is surrounded by the non-porous region of the substrate.
7. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein each passageway has a maximum transverse dimension (D) that is less than or equal to about 2500 microns.
8. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein a transverse center to center spacing between nearest neighboring passageways (L) is less than or equal to about 5000 microns.
9. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein a maximum transverse dimension (D) of each passageway and a transverse center to center spacing between nearest neighboring passageways (L) are selected such that a parameter ratio (L/D) that is less than or equal to about 2.5.
10. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein each passageway has a transverse cross-sectional area less than or equal to about 1 × 10 -5 m2.
11. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein a ratio of a total transverse cross-sectional area of the ion-conducting region to a total transverse cross-sectional area of the plurality of passageways (y) is less than or equal to 2.5.
12. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein a minimum transverse dimension of each passageway is greater than 25 microns.
13. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein the passageways include passageways having transverse cross-sections that include at least one of: substantially circular, substantially hexagonal, substantially rectangular and substantially slit-shaped.
14. A membrane according to claim 2 comprising a first skin layer of ion-conducting material located on a first side of the substrate, wherein the ion-conducting material of the first skin layer is in contact with the ion-conducting material of at least one of the passageways.
15. A membrane according to claim 14 comprising a second skin layer of ion-conducting material located on a second side of the substrate, wherein the ion-conducting material of the second skin layer is in contact with the ion-conducting material of at least one of the passageways.
16. A membrane according to claim 4 comprising a first skin layer of ion-conducting material, the first skin layer located on a first side of the substrate and extending transversely over at least a first portion of the porous region of the substrate such that the ion-conducting material of the first skin layer is in contact with the ion-conducting material of at least one of the passageways.
17. A membrane according to claim 16 comprising a second skin layer of ion-conducting material, the second skin layer located on a second side of the substrate and extending transversely over at least a second portion of the porous region of the substrate such that the ion-conducting material of the second skin layer is in contact with the ion-conducting material of at least one of the passageways.
18. A membrane according to claim 14 wherein the ion-conducting material in the first skin layer is the same as the ion-conducting material in the passageways.
19. A membrane according to claim 14 wherein the ion-conducting material in the first skin layer is different from the ion-conducting material in the passageways.
20. A membrane according to claim 15 wherein the ion-conducting material in the first skin layer is different than the ion-conducting material in the second skin layer.
21. A membrane according to claim 15 wherein the ion-conducting material in the first skin layer and the ion-conducting material in a first portion of the passageways is different than the ion-conducting material in the second skin layer and a second portion of the passageways.
22. A membrane according to claim 15 wherein the first and second skin layers have thicknesses (L skin) that are substantially the same.
23. A membrane according to claim 15 the first and second skin layers have thicknesses (L skin1 and L skin2) that are in a range of 5-50 microns.
24. A membrane according to claim 15 wherein the first and second skin layers each comprise the same ion-conducting material.
25. A membrane according to claim 15 wherein the substrate has a thickness (L core), the first and second skin layers have thicknesses (L skin1 and L skin2) and wherein a ratio of the thicknesses (L skin1 and L skin2) of the first and second skin layers to the thickness (L core) of the substrate is in a range of 0.25 to 5.
26. A membrane according to claim 3 wherein the substrate comprises a plurality of layers.
27. A membrane according to claim 26 wherein at least one of the plurality of layers of the substrate comprises a mesh material.
28. A membrane according to claim 4 wherein the substrate is penetrated by one or more fabrication vias, the fabrication vias transversely spaced apart from the porous region of the substrate.
29. A membrane according to claim 28 wherein the fabrication vias are filled with ion-conducting material.
30. A membrane according to claim 29 wherein the ion-conducting material that fills the fabrication vias is contiguous with the ion-conducting material that fills the passageways.
31. A membrane according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of ion-conducting regions, each ion-conducting region comprising one or more corresponding ion-conducting passageways that extend through the substrate, each ion-conducting passageway comprising the ion-conducting material.
32. A membrane according to claim 31 wherein the ion-conducting regions are contiguous with one another.
33. A membrane according to claim 31 wherein the ion-conducting regions are transversely spaced apart from one another.
34. A membrane according to claim 31 wherein the one or more ion-conducting passageways corresponding to each ion-conducting region differ in at least one of: passageway size, passageway shape, passageway density and/or arrangement of passageways.
35. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein the passageways are formed by converting the substrate to a relatively more ion conductive state in selected locations corresponding to the passageways.
36. A membrane according to claim 35 wherein the sheet of substantially non-ion-conducting material comprises a copolymer of tetrafluoroethlyene and perfluoro-3, 6-dioxa-4-methyl-7-octenesulfonyl fluoride.
37. A membrane according to claim 35 wherein the sheet of substantially non-ion-conducting material is converted to the relatively more ion conductive state by hydrolyzation.
38. A membrane according to claim 2 wherein the passageways are formed by converting the substrate to a relatively less ion conductive state in selected locations corresponding to locations that surround the passageways.
39. A fuel cell comprising a membrane according to claim 1.
40. An electrolysis cell comprising a membrane according to claim 1.
41. A membrane according to claim 1 wherein the ion-conducting material comprises an ionomer.
42. An ion-conducting membrane comprising:

a substrate penetrated by a plurality of openings in a porous region thereof;
an ion-conducting material which fills the openings to provide a plurality of ion-conducting passageways through the substrate, the ion-conducting material being relatively more ion conductive than the substrate.
43. An ion-conducting membrane comprising:
a substrate penetrated by at least one opening;
an ion-conducting material which fills the at least one opening to provide an ion-conducting passageway through the substrate and which provides a first skin layer on a first side of the substrate, the skin layer extending transversely past a perimeter of the opening;
wherein the ion-conducting material is relatively more ion-conductive than the substrate.
44. A membrane according to claim 43 wherein the substrate is penetrated by one or more fabrication vias, the fabrication vias transversely spaced apart from the at least one opening and the fabrication vias filled with ion-conducting material that is contiguous with the ion-conducting material in the first skin layer.
45. A membrane according to claim 44 comprising a second skin layer of ion-conducting material on a second side of the substrate, the ion-conducting material in the second skin layer contiguous with the ion-conducting material in the fabrication vias.
CA2565244A 2004-05-04 2005-05-03 Membranes and electrochemical cells incorporating such membranes Expired - Fee Related CA2565244C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56743704P 2004-05-04 2004-05-04
US60/567,437 2004-05-04
US11/047,558 2005-02-02
US11/047,558 US7378176B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2005-02-02 Membranes and electrochemical cells incorporating such membranes
PCT/CA2005/000663 WO2005106992A1 (en) 2004-05-04 2005-05-03 Membranes and electrochemical cells incorporating such membranes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2565244A1 true CA2565244A1 (en) 2005-11-10
CA2565244C CA2565244C (en) 2012-08-21

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CA2565244A Expired - Fee Related CA2565244C (en) 2004-05-04 2005-05-03 Membranes and electrochemical cells incorporating such membranes

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (5) US7378176B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2487745A1 (en)
JP (1) JP5113517B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101182136B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1965425B (en)
CA (1) CA2565244C (en)
HK (1) HK1101938A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005106992A1 (en)

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