CA2634240A1 - Method for extraction of hydrocarbon fuels or contaminants using electrical energy and critical fluids - Google Patents
Method for extraction of hydrocarbon fuels or contaminants using electrical energy and critical fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2634240A1 CA2634240A1 CA002634240A CA2634240A CA2634240A1 CA 2634240 A1 CA2634240 A1 CA 2634240A1 CA 002634240 A CA002634240 A CA 002634240A CA 2634240 A CA2634240 A CA 2634240A CA 2634240 A1 CA2634240 A1 CA 2634240A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- recited
- critical fluids
- fossil fuels
- providing
- borehole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 82
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 31
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract 31
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract 31
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 28
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 60
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract 57
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 47
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract 30
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 30
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract 21
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 95
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 33
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 30
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 14
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims 10
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 8
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004965 Silica aerogel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000852 hydrogen donor Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B9/0933—Removing sludge or the like from tank bottoms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/241—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection combined with solution mining of non-hydrocarbon minerals, e.g. solvent pyrolysis of oil shale
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/243—Combustion in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
Abstract
The extraction of hydrocarbon fuel products such as kerogen oil and gas from a body of fixed fossil fuels such as oil shale is accomplished by applying a combination of electrical energy and critical fluids with reactants and/or catalysts down a borehole to initiate a reaction of reactants in the critical fluids with kerogen in the oil shale thereby raising the temperatures to cause kerogen oil and gas products to be extracted as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in the critical fluids. The hydrocarbon fuel products of kerogen oil or shale oil and hydrocarbon gas are removed to the ground surface by a product return line. An RF generator provides electromagnetic energy, and the critical fluids include a combination of carbon dioxide (CO2), with reactants of nitrous oxide (N2O) or oxygen (O2).
Claims (72)
1. A method of producing hydrocarbon fuel products from a body of fixed fossil fuels beneath an overburden comprising the steps of:
(a) transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels to a first predetermined temperature;
(b) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels at a predetermined pressure;
(c) transmitting electrical energy down said borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and critical fluids to a second predetermined temperature; and (d) heating said critical fluids and said fixed fossil fuels with said electrical energy to said second predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a fraction of said hydrocarbon fuel products in said body of fixed fossil fuels causing a portion of the remainder of said hydrocarbon fuel products to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
(a) transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels to a first predetermined temperature;
(b) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels at a predetermined pressure;
(c) transmitting electrical energy down said borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and critical fluids to a second predetermined temperature; and (d) heating said critical fluids and said fixed fossil fuels with said electrical energy to said second predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a fraction of said hydrocarbon fuel products in said body of fixed fossil fuels causing a portion of the remainder of said hydrocarbon fuel products to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
2. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of removing said hydrocarbon fuel products.
to a ground surface above said overburden.
to a ground surface above said overburden.
3. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the steps of pressure cycling in said borehole between 500 psi and 5000 psi and performing steps (b), (c) and (d) during each pressure cycling.
4. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of separating said hydrocarbon fuel, critical fluids, gases and contaminants received from said product return line.
5. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels includes the step of heating any one of said body of oil shale, tar sands, heavy petroleum from a spent well, coal, lignite or peat formation.
6. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and said critical fluids to a predetermined temperature comprises the step of setting said temperature to approximately 200 degrees Celsius.
7. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of monitoring said temperatures in an immediate region of said body of fixed fossil fuels to optimize producing said hydrocarbon fuel products, said temperature being sufficient to initiate oxidation reactions, said reactions providing additional heat required to efficiently release said hydrocarbon fuel products.
8. The method as recited in claim 1 wherein said step.
of providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts comprises the step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant.
of providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts comprises the step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant.
9. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of said oxidant being nitrous oxide (N2O).
10. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of said oxidant being oxygen (02).
11. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of said oxidant being a mixture of nitrous oxide (N2O) and oxygen (02).
12. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of providing critical fluids down a borehole comprises the step of controlling the entrance of said critical fluids and an oxidant into said borehole.
13. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole comprises the step of controlling the flow rate, pressure, and ratio of said critical fluids and reactants or catalysts into said borehole.
14. The method as recited in Claim 11 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide as said critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of providing said carbon dioxide concentration of 80 to 100%, nitrous oxide (N20) of 0 to 20%, and oxygen (O2) of 0 to 20%.
15. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing carbon dioxide as said critical fluids to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels along with an oxidant, said oxidant being one of nitrous oxide (N2O) or oxygen (O2).
16. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of providing critical fluids down a borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing carbon dioxide as said critical fluids to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels along with a catalyst and an oxidant, said oxidant being one of nitrous oxide (N2O), oxygen (O2), or a mixture of nitrous oxide (N2O) and oxygen (02).
17. The Method as recited in Claim 16 wherein said step of providing carbon dioxide as said critical fluids to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels along with a catalyst and an oxidant, includes the step of providing said catalyst to be one of an aerogel, a nano-sized aerogel, an iron oxide aerogel, an iron oxide silica aerogel, an alumina aerogel, or a titanium aerogel.
18. The method as recited in Claim 12 wherein said step of providing said critical fluids and an oxidant to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing a predetermined pressure of between 300 and 5000 psi.
19. The method as recited in Claim 13 wherein said step of providing carbon dioxide (CO2) as said critical fluids with reactants or catalysts to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing a predetermined pressure of between 300 and 5000 psi.
20. The method as recited in Claim 7 wherein said step of monitoring the temperature in the immediate region of said body of fixed fossil fuels being heated comprises the step of providing at least one thermocouple device in a distant region of said body of fixed fossil fuels, where distant is on the order of an RF wavelength lamda (.lambda.) divided by six (6).
21. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of providing critical fluids down a borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of adding a modifier to said critical fluids, said modifier including one of alcohol, methanol, water or a hydrogen donor solvent.
22. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of heating said critical fluids and said fixed fossil fuels with said electrical energy initiating reaction of said critical fluids with said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of raising said predetermined temperature to approximately 200 degrees Celsius.
23. The method as recited in Claim 2 wherein said step of removing said hydrocarbon fuel products comprises the step of connecting a product return line to means for separating gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), kerogen oil, and other byproducts.
24. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the steps of providing a wellhead at the surface of said borehole for safely transferring said electrical energy and said critical fluids to said borehole and for receiving and connecting a product return line to means for separating gases, critical fluids, oil and contaminants.
25. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the steps of:
generating electromagnetic energy with an RF generator;
and providing a radiating structure in said borehole coupled to said RF generator to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels.
generating electromagnetic energy with an RF generator;
and providing a radiating structure in said borehole coupled to said RF generator to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels.
26. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the steps of arranging a plurality of boreholes in a grid pattern for a desired area of said fixed fossil fuels having extraction wells equi-spaced in a triangular pitch to collect fuel product at an extended area of said heated body of fixed fossil fuels.
27. The method as recited in Claim 26 wherein said plurality of boreholes include boreholes placed outside said grid pattern, one of said boreholes being directly outboard from each perimeter borehole to collect fuel products and contain and monitor migration from said grid pattern.
28. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of performing steps (b), (c) and (d).
for N cycles.
for N cycles.
29. The method as recited in Claim 3 wherein said method comprises the step of performing steps (b), (c) and (d) for N cycles.
30. A method of producing hydrocarbon fuel products from a body of fixed fossil fuels beneath an overburden comprising the steps of:
(a) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion-into said body of fixed fossil fuels at a predetermined pressure;
(b) transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and critical fluids to a predetermined temperature; and (c) heating said critical fluids and said fixed fossil fuels with said electrical energy to said predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a fraction of said hydrocarbon fuel products in said body of fixed fossil fuels causing a portion of the remainder of said hydrocarbon fuel products to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
(a) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion-into said body of fixed fossil fuels at a predetermined pressure;
(b) transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and critical fluids to a predetermined temperature; and (c) heating said critical fluids and said fixed fossil fuels with said electrical energy to said predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a fraction of said hydrocarbon fuel products in said body of fixed fossil fuels causing a portion of the remainder of said hydrocarbon fuel products to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
31. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said method comprises the step of removing said hydrocarbon fuel products to a ground surface above said overburden.
32. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said method comprises the steps of pressure cycling in said borehole between 500 psi and 5000 psi and performing steps (a), (b) and (c) during each pressure cycle.
33. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said method comprises the step of separating said hydrocarbon fuel, critical fluids, gases and contaminants received from said product return line.
34. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels includes the step of heating any one of said body of oil shale, tar sands, heavy petroleum from a spent well, coal, lignite or peat formation.
35. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and said critical fluids to a predetermined temperature comprises the step of setting said temperature to approximately 200 degrees Celsius.
36. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said method comprises the step of monitoring said temperature in an immediate region of said body of fixed fossil fuels to optimize producing said hydrocarbon fuel products, said temperature being sufficient to initiate oxidation reactions, such reactions providing additional heat required to efficiently release said hydrocarbon fuel products.
37. The method as recited in claim 30 wherein said step of providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts comprises the step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide and an oxidant.
38. The method as recited in claim 37 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of said oxidant being nitrous oxide (N2O).
39. The method as recited in claim 37 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of said oxidant being oxygen (0 2).
40. The method as recited in claim 37 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of said oxidant being a mixture of nitrous oxide (N2O) and oxygen (0 2).
41. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of providing critical fluids down a borehole comprises the step of controlling the entrance of said critical fluids and an oxidant into said borehole.
42. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole comprises the step of controlling the flow rate, pressure, and ratio of said critical fluids and reactants or catalysts into said borehole.
43. The method as recited in Claim 40 wherein said step of providing a mixture of carbon dioxide as said critical fluids and an oxidant comprises the step of providing said carbon dioxide concentration of 80 to 100%, nitrous oxide (N2 0) of 0 to 20 %, and oxygen (O2) of 0 to 20 %.
44. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing carbon dioxide as said critical fluids to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels along with an oxidant, said oxidant being one of nitrous oxide (N2O) or oxygen (O2) .
45. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of providing critical fluids down a borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing carbon dioxide as said critical fluids to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels along with a catalyst and an oxidant, said oxidant being one of nitrous oxide (N2O), oxygen (O2), or a mixture of nitrous oxide (N2 0) and oxygen (0 2) =
46. The Method as recited in Claim 45 wherein said step of providing carbon dioxide as said critical fluids to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels along with a catalyst and an oxidant, includes the step of providing said catalyst to be one of an aerogel, a nano-sized aerogel, an iron oxide aerogel, an iron oxide silica aerogel, an alumina aerogel, or a titanium aerogel.
47. The method as recited in Claim 41 wherein said step, of providing said critical fluids and an oxidant to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing a predetermined pressure of between 300 and 5000 psi.
48. The method as recited in Claim 42 wherein said step of providing carbon dioxide (CO2) as said critical fluids with reactants or catalysts to diffuse into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of providing a predetermined pressure of between 300 and 5000 psi.
49. The method as recited in Claim 36 wherein said step of monitoring the temperature in the immediate region of said body of fixed fossil fuels being heated comprises the step of providing at least one thermocouple device in a distant region of said body of fixed fossil fuels, where distant is on the order of an RF wavelength lamda (.lambda.) divided by six (6).
50. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of providing critical fluids down a borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of adding a modifier to said critical fluids, said modifier including one of alcohol, methanol, water or a hydrogen donor solvent.
51. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of heating said critical fluids and said fixed fossil fuels with said electrical energy initiating reaction of said critical fluids with said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the step of raising said predetermined temperature to approximately 200 degrees Celsius.
52. The method as recited in Claim 31 wherein said step of removing said hydrocarbon fuel products comprises the step of connecting a product return line to means for separating gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) , kerogen oil and gas and other byproducts.
53. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said method comprises the steps of providing a wellhead at the surface of said borehole for safely transferring said electrical energy and said critical fluids to said borehole and for receiving and connecting a product return line to means for separating gases, critical fluids, oil and contaminants.
54. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the steps of:
generating electromagnetic energy with an RF generator;
and providing a radiating structure in said borehole coupled to said RF generator to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels.
generating electromagnetic energy with an RF generator;
and providing a radiating structure in said borehole coupled to said RF generator to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels.
55. The method as recited in Claim 30 wherein a plurality of boreholes are arranged in a grid pattern for a desired area of said fixed fossil fuels having extraction wells equi-spaced in a triangular pitch to collect fuel product at an extended area of said heated body of fixed fossil fuels.
56. The method as recited in Claim 55 wherein said plurality of boreholes include boreholes placed outside said grid pattern, one of said boreholes being directly outboard from each perimeter borehole to collect fuel products and contain and monitor migration from said grid pattern.
57. A method of producing hydrocarbon fuel products from a body of fixed fossil fuels beneath an overburden comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a carbon dioxide critical fluid down a borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels at a predetermined pressure;
(b) transmitting electrical energy down said borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and said carbon dioxide critical fluid to a predetermined temperature.
(c) pressure cycling in said borehole between 500 psi and 5000 psi; and (d) removing said hydrocarbon fuel products in said critical fluid with a product return line extending to a ground surface above said overburden.
(a) providing a carbon dioxide critical fluid down a borehole for diffusion into said body of fixed fossil fuels at a predetermined pressure;
(b) transmitting electrical energy down said borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and said carbon dioxide critical fluid to a predetermined temperature.
(c) pressure cycling in said borehole between 500 psi and 5000 psi; and (d) removing said hydrocarbon fuel products in said critical fluid with a product return line extending to a ground surface above said overburden.
58. The method as recited in Claim 57 wherein said method comprises the step of performing steps (a), (b), (c), and (d) during each predetermined pressure of said pressure cycling.
59. The method as recited in Claim 57 wherein said method comprises the step of separating said hydrocarbon fuel, critical fluids, gases and contaminants received from said product return line.
60. The method as recited in Claim 57 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels and said critical fluids to a predetermined temperature comprises the step of setting said temperature to approximately 300 degrees Celsius.
61. The method as recited in Claim 57 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels comprises the steps of:
generating electromagnetic energy with an RF generator;
and providing a radiating structure in said borehole coupled to said RF generator to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels.
generating electromagnetic energy with an RF generator;
and providing a radiating structure in said borehole coupled to said RF generator to heat said body of fixed fossil fuels.
62. A method of producing hydrocarbon fuel products from an aging oil well having heavy oil comprising the steps of:
(a) transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said heavy oil to a first predetermined temperature;
(b) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion into said heavy oil at a predetermined pressure;
(c) transmitting electrical energy down said borehole to heat said heavy oil and critical fluids to a second predetermined temperature; and (d) heating said critical fluids and said heavy oil with said electrical energy to said second predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a portion of said hydrocarbon fuel products in said body of fixed fossil fuels causing said hydrocarbon fuel products to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
(a) transmitting electrical energy down a borehole to heat said heavy oil to a first predetermined temperature;
(b) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts down said borehole for diffusion into said heavy oil at a predetermined pressure;
(c) transmitting electrical energy down said borehole to heat said heavy oil and critical fluids to a second predetermined temperature; and (d) heating said critical fluids and said heavy oil with said electrical energy to said second predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a portion of said hydrocarbon fuel products in said body of fixed fossil fuels causing said hydrocarbon fuel products to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
63. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of removing said hydrocarbon fuel products to a ground surface above said overburden.
64. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the steps of pressure cycling said critical fluids in said oil well between 500 psi and 5000 psi and performing steps (b), (c) and (d) during each pressure cycle.
65. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said method comprises the step of separating said hydrocarbon fuel, critical fluids, gases and contaminants received from said product return line.
66. The method as recited in Claim 1 wherein said step of transmitting electrical energy down a borehole comprises the step of providing a radio frequency (RF) generator coupled to a transmission line for transferring electrical energy to an RF applicator positioned in said borehole.
67. A method of cleaning an industrial tank comprising the steps of:
(a) transmitting electrical energy into said tank to heat a contents of said tank to a first predetermined temperature;
(b) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts into said tank for diffusion into said contents of said tank at a predetermined pressure;
(c) transmitting electrical energy into said tank to heat said contents and critical fluids to a second predetermined temperature; and (d) heating said critical fluids and said contents of said tank with said electrical energy to said second predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a portion of said contents of said tank causing hydrocarbons and contaminants to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
(a) transmitting electrical energy into said tank to heat a contents of said tank to a first predetermined temperature;
(b) providing critical fluids with reactants or catalysts into said tank for diffusion into said contents of said tank at a predetermined pressure;
(c) transmitting electrical energy into said tank to heat said contents and critical fluids to a second predetermined temperature; and (d) heating said critical fluids and said contents of said tank with said electrical energy to said second predetermined temperature to initiate reaction of said reactants in said critical fluids with a portion of said contents of said tank causing hydrocarbons and contaminants to be released for extraction as a vapor, liquid or dissolved in said critical fluids.
68. The method as recited in Claim 67 wherein said method comprises the step of removing said hydrocarbons and contaminants from said tank.
69. The method as recited in Claim 67 wherein said method comprises the steps of pressure cycling in said tank between 500 psi and 5000 psi, and performing steps (b), (c) and (d) during each pressure cycling.
70. The method as recited in Claim 68 wherein said method comprises the step of separating said hydrocarbons, critical fluids, gases and contaminants removed from said tank.
71. The method as recited in Claim 67 wherein said method comprises the step of repeating steps (b), (c) and (d).
72. The method as recited in Claim 68 wherein said method comprises the step of repeating step (b).
Priority Applications (1)
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2005
- 2005-12-20 US US11/314,857 patent/US7461693B2/en active Active
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2006
- 2006-09-12 EP EP06824944.0A patent/EP1968924A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-12 EP EP10075222.9A patent/EP2226131B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-09-12 CA CA2634240A patent/CA2634240C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-12 CA CA2745735A patent/CA2745735C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2008
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- 2008-10-30 US US12/261,807 patent/US9187979B2/en active Active
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US7461693B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 |
CA2745735A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
CA2634240C (en) | 2011-10-18 |
JO2587B1 (en) | 2011-02-27 |
US7875120B2 (en) | 2011-01-25 |
US20070137858A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
US9187979B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
EP1968924A4 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
WO2007078352A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
US20080163895A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
US20090114384A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
EP1968924A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
EP2226131A3 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
CA2745735C (en) | 2015-11-03 |
EP2226131A2 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
AU2006333539B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
EP2226131B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
AU2006333539C1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
AU2006333539A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
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