CN100360219C - 扩散器/乳化器 - Google Patents

扩散器/乳化器 Download PDF

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CN100360219C
CN100360219C CNB028290259A CN02829025A CN100360219C CN 100360219 C CN100360219 C CN 100360219C CN B028290259 A CNB028290259 A CN B028290259A CN 02829025 A CN02829025 A CN 02829025A CN 100360219 C CN100360219 C CN 100360219C
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parts
passage
diffuser
diffuser according
rotor
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CN1627985A (zh
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诺曼·L·伍坦
安东尼·B·伍德
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Lifalixiao Corp.
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Microdiffusion Inc
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Abstract

一种扩散器(10)提供了将一个或多个注入材料扩散到一个主体材料中去的能力。一个转子(12)和一个定子(30)相对转动。注入材料被吸入通过在转子和定子上的通孔(22)。当主体材料流过位于转子(12)和定子(30)之间的一个区域时，这些通孔(22)还引起在主体材料中的紊流。当对齐的通孔(22)相通时出现激振，产生的能量使注入材料在主体材料中在特别高的程度上混合。在转子和定子中的通孔型式可以被设计成在单一频率或多个频率下工作。工作频率可能影响注入材料和主体材料之间的结合，也可能在分解复杂分子结构方面具有效果。

Description

扩散器/乳化器
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及一种扩散器，尤其是将一种气体或液体扩散或乳化到一种材料中的方法和设备。
背景技术
在许多用途中，需要将一种材料-气体或液体-扩散或乳化到一个第二材料中。乳化是扩散过程的一个子过程，其中一种液体的小液滴悬浮在第二液体之中，第一液体不与第二液体混合，例如油混在醋中。扩散过程的一个重要用途是在废水处理方面。许多城市向废水供氧，将其当作处理过程的一部分，以促使有机物的生物降解。有机物的生物分解率主要取决于废水中氧的数量，因为氧对靠维持食用有机物的微生物的生命是必须的。另外，氧能够去除一些化合物例如氧化铁、氧化镁和二氧化碳。
有几种向水供氧的方法，第一，用涡轮机供氧系统将空气释放到一个叶轮的转动叶片附近，叶轮将空气或者氧气与水混合。第二，将水喷到空气中以增加氧的含量。第三，用AQUATEX提出的一个系统将空气或者氧气注入到水中，并使水/气体经过一个大规模的旋涡。对AQUATEX装置的试验已经显示，在理想条件下可增加到200％的溶解氧(大约20ppm(百万分之一))，而在水中氧天然存在的浓度是最多约10ppm，这被认为是100％溶解氧的浓度。因此，AQUATEX装置将水中氧浓度提高了一倍。在回到100％溶解氧的浓度之前，增加的氧浓度仅持续几分钟。
氧的浓度越大，以及增加的氧浓度的持续时间越长，在废水处理上就能够提供显著的有益效果。重要的是，有机物分解效率将增加，生物矫正需要的时间数将减少，因而改善了废水处理设施的能力。
因此，出现了对一种扩散器的需要，它能够将高浓度的一个或多个材料扩散到另一个材料中去。
发明内容
本发明的技术方案如下：
根据本发明，提供一种扩散器，它包括：一个第一部件，其具有一个包含表面干扰的表面；一个第二部件，其具有一个第一侧，相对于所述第一部件的所述表面设置第一侧，以在它们之间形成一个通道，从第一进口提供到所述通道内的一种第一材料流过所述通道，从一个第二进口提供而通过所述第二部件的一个第二侧的一种第二材料被引入到该通道中，所述扩散器被构造成在其整个工作过程中，从所述第一进口到所述通道，基本上连续的流动路径被提供；一个装置，用于使所述第一材料相对于所述表面干扰移动通过所述通道，使得在所述通道中的所述第一材料中形成气泡，以将所述第二材料扩散到所述第一材料中去。
优选地，所述第二部件也具有一个包含表面干扰的表面。
优选地，所述表面干扰中的一个或多个包括压槽。
优选地，所述压槽包括开孔。
优选地，所述压槽包括沟槽。
优选地，所述表面干扰包括突起。
优选地，所述突起包括局部隆起。
优选地，所述突起包括山脊状隆起。
优选地，所述第一部件和所述第二部件中的一个或者两个都具有形成在其中的一个或多个小孔，来使所述第二材料，在和所述第一材料混合之前，进入到所述通道中。
优选地，所述小孔形成在所述第一部件和所述第二部件中，来使两种不同的材料在相互混合之前，通向所述通道。
优选地，它还包括抽吸所述第一和第二材料使它们通过所述通道的一个泵。
优选地，它还包括驱动所述第一和第二材料通过所述通道的一个泵。
优选地，所述第一部件为圆柱形。
优选地，所述第一部件为盘形。
优选地，所述第一部件为圆锥形。
优选地，所述第一部件为球形。
优选地，所述第一部件为半球形。
优选地，所述第一材料相对表面干扰的移动，产生一个或多个离散频率的冲击波。
根据本发明，又提供一种扩散一种第一材料和一种第二材料的方法，包括以下步骤：将所述第一材料从第一进口输入到形成在一个第一部件和一个第二部件的一个第一侧之间的一个通道中，在所述扩散的方法的整个过程，从所述第一进口到所述通道，基本上连续的流动路径被提供；使所述第二材料通过所述第二部件的一个第二侧输入到所述通道中，其中，所述第一和第二部件中的至少一个包括面向所述通道的表面干扰；使所述第一材料相对所述表面干扰在所述通道中流动，使所述第一和第二材料受到压缩和减压，导致所述第一材料中出现气泡，以将所述第二材料扩散到所述第一材料中。
优选地，所述第一和第二部件都包括面向所述通道的表面干扰。
优选地，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个其上制有压槽的表面。
优选地，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个其上制有开孔的表面。
优选地，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个带所述表面干扰的表面，所述表面干扰被设置成一排以便以一个已知的频率来压缩和减压所述第一材料。
优选地，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个带表面干扰的表面，所述表面干扰被设置成多排以便以各自离散的频率来压缩和减压所述第一材料。
优选地，所述第一材料是一种液体，第二材料是一种气体。
根据本发明，还提供一种扩散器，它包括：一个第一部件，其具有一个包含表面干扰的表面；一个第二部件，其具有一个包含表面干扰的第一表面，相对于所述第一部件设置该表面干扰，以形成一个通道，一种第一材料在所述各个部件的表面之间流动并通过所述通道，所述第二部件还包括多个小孔；一个第一进口装置，用于将所述第一材料引入到所述通道，所述扩散器被构造成在其整个工作过程中，从所述第一进口到所述通道，基本上连续的流动路径被提供；一个第二进口装置，用于将一种第二材料引入所述第二部件的一个第二表面，使得所述第二材料通过所述多个小孔输入到所述通道中，来与所述第一材料混合；一个马达，其使所述第一和第二部件中的一个相对于另一个移动，以便当所述第一材料在该通道中时，使得在所述第一材料中形成气泡，来将所述第二材料扩散到所述第一材料中去。
本发明的扩散器包括：一个第一部件，具有包含表面干扰的一个表面；以及一个第二部件，其位置相对于第一扩散部件形成一个第一材料和第二材料可以流过的通道。为了将第二材料扩散到第一材料中去，相对于表面干扰驱动第一材料，使得在第一材料中形成气泡。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了许多明显的有益效果。第一，该装置产生的微气泡使扩散出现在分子水平上，所以增加了将由主体材料保持的注入材料的数量，并延长了持续扩散。第二，微气泡和冲击波可以通过比较简单的机械装置产生。第三，由该装置产生的冲击波的频率或多个频率可以用于许多用途，或者分解复杂结构或者帮助合成结构。第四，气泡和冲击波可以在整个材料内均匀产生以便持续扩散。
附图说明
为了更完整地理解本发明，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的描述。其中，
图1、1a为一个扩散器的一个实施例的局部剖视图和局部流程图；
图2a、2b、2c为该扩散器内部的扩散过程；
图3为该扩散器的转子和定子的分解视图；
图4为该定子的一个实施例
图5a为本发明的第二个实施例的转子-定子组件的剖面图；
图5b为本发明的第二个实施例的转子的顶视图；
图6为本发明的第三个实施例的剖面图；
图7a到7h为产生扩散的多个可选实施例；
图8a、8b为本发明的另一个可选实施例。
具体实施方式
结合附图1-8，本发明可以得到最好的理解，各图中同样的部件使用同样的标号。
图1、1a示出了第一个实施例的一个装置10的一个局部流程图和局部剖视图，它能将一个或者两个气体或者液体材料(下面称之为“注入材料”)扩散或者乳化到另一个气体或者液体材料(下面称之为“主体材料”)中。主体材料可以是正常状态下的固体材料，它在扩散/乳化过程中被加热或者处理成一种液体或者气体的状态。
一个转子12包括一个一般两头封闭的空心圆柱体。轴14和进口16连接到转子12的端部。第一注入材料可以通过进口16进入到转子12的内部。轴14连接到一个马达18上，马达以要求的速度转动转子。转子12具有多个制在其上的通孔22，在图1a中以更大的详细视图示出出了该通孔。在优选的实施例中，每个通孔22具有一个窄的小孔24和一个大一些的开孔26。开孔26的侧壁28可以采用各种形状，包括直线形(如图4所示)、折弯形(如图1所示)或者曲线形。
定子30包围转子12，在转子和定子之间留下了一个通道32，主体材料可以流过该通道。定子30还包括开在其圆周上的许多通孔22。外壳34包围定子30，进口36使第二注入材料通到位于定子30和外壳34之间的一个区域35。主体材料通过进口37进入到通道32。在轴14、16和外壳34之间形成密封38。出口40将主体材料从通道32通过泵42，主体材料通过泵的出口44排出。该泵也可以由马达18驱动或者由一个辅助动力源驱动。
在运行时，扩散器通过进口37接受主体材料。在优选的实施例中，泵42吸进泵吸入侧的主体材料以使得主体材料通过处在低压下的通道。通过通孔22，第一和第二注入材料被引入到主体材料上。在注入材料的来源处可以将其加压以防止主体材料通过通孔22。
图1中所示的实施例中已经为扩散材料将进口分成进口16和36。这种布置使得两种不同的注入材料被引入到主体材料中。也可以选择将一种注入材料引入到两个进口中。
在试验中，图1中所示的实施例已经表明了进入主体材料中的注入材料的高水平扩散。用氧作为注入材料、用水作为主体材料的试验，已经达到了在水中400％溶解氧的水平，并且增加的氧的水平可持续数日。
高效和持续的扩散的原因被认为是由于有微气泡，下面结合图2a-2c来描述微气泡。
当一个材料流过一个光滑表面时，相当于建立了一个层流，该层流的薄的边界层是静止的或者流动得很慢，因为在流动的流体和静止表面之间有表面张力。然而，通孔22破坏了这个层流，并使得该材料被压缩和减压。如果在减压过程中的压力足够低，在该材料中将形成气泡(气孔泡)。气孔泡形成一种旋转流动方式46，如同一个龙卷风，因为局部区域的低压使主体材料和注入材料被吸入，如图2a所示。当气孔泡爆炸时，出现了特别高的压力。当两个对齐的通孔互相相通时，出现激振(冲击波)，产生很大的能量。与气泡和激振有关的能量使注入材料和主体材料在特别高的程度上混合，也许在分子水平上。
转子12的切线速率和每圈相遇的通孔数量决定了装置工作的频率。已经发现，在超声波频率下工作在许多用途中具备有益效果。人们相信，该装置工作在超声波的频段下，提供了最大的激振冲击能，来改变流体分子的结合角，这就使得流体能够输送增加的、一般情况下不能保持的注入材料。扩散器工作的频率显然影响了扩散的水平，导致了注入材料在主体材料中持续更长时间。
在一些用途中，例如在水净化的情况下可能希望一个特定的频率或者多个频率来分解某种复杂分子。在这一用途下，可以用多个激振频率来将复杂结构，例如挥发性有机化合物(VOC，volatile organiccompounds)，打破成小的子结构。臭氧可以被用作注入材料的一种，以高效氧化这种子结构。
装置10可以用来实现其它的声化学用途。通常，声化学用超声波来帮助化学反应。一般用压电装置或者其它电声装置来产生超声波。与电声转换装置相关联的一个问题是不能在整个材料中提供均匀的声波；或者说，期望的气泡被局限在装置自身周围。本发明采用简单的机械装置使得超声波在整个材料中产生。
图3示出了该扩散器的转子12和定子30的分解视图，在一个转动速度下可以获得多个频率。在图3中，在转子12的圆周上，设置了通孔22的三排圆周方向的通孔50(分别表示成50a、50b和50c)。每一个环上具有不同数量的、均匀间隔在圆周上的通孔。以同样的方式，定子30将设有三排圆周方向的通孔52(分别表示成52a、52b和52c)。为了确保在相对应的排上每次只有一对通孔重合，在定子30上的某排52中通孔22的数量，可以比转子12上对应的排50中通孔22的数量多(或者少)一个。例如，如果一个排50a具有二十个均匀间隔在转子12圆周周围的通孔20，那么一个排52可能具有二十一个均匀间隔在定子30圆周周围的通孔。
当图3中的转子12相对定子30转动时，每一排将形成不同频率的激振。通过适当选择不同的频率，将出现迭加和不同的相干涉方式，形成一个宽的频谱。在许多用途中，其中在主体液体中未知的杂质需要被分解和氧化，这个频谱具有有益效果。
图4示出了定子30的一个实施例的剖面侧视图。对于小尺寸的定子，也许在定子30的内侧形成开孔26有困难。图4的实施例中使用了一个内套管54和一个外套管56。可以从内套管54的外侧镗出开孔26。对内套管54的每一个开孔26，在外套管56上钻出对应的对齐的小孔24。然后将内套管54放置并固定在外套管56中，以形成定子30。也可以用其它方法，例如铸造，来制造定子30。
图5a-b和6示出了本发明的可选的扩散器的实施例。在这些图中重复了图1中适当的序号。
图5a示出了一个实施例的剖面侧视图，其中转子12和定子30是盘状的。图5b示出了盘状转子12的顶视图。定子被制造在转子12的上方和下方。定子12和转子30具有多个结合图1所描述的那种形式的通孔，当转子12受马达驱动时它们相遇。与前面一样，对每排52而言，为了防止在一排内的两个通孔上同时激振，定子30比转子12上对应的排50中通孔的数量多或者少一个。通孔22可以是与图1中所示的同样的形状。一个空心轴用作将第一注入材料通到盘状转子内部的进口16。同样，在定子30和外壳34之间的区域35接受第二注入材料。当主体材料流入到位于转子12和定子30之间的通道32中的时候，它受到通孔22处生成涡流的作用，使得第一和第二材料对主体材料扩散。被注入的主体材料通向出口40。
图5b示出了转子12的顶视图。可以看出，多个通孔构成转子12上的同心的通孔排列。如果需要，每一排可以在不同的频率下产生激振。在优选的实施例中，通孔22将形成在转子12的顶部和底部。在定子30上，在这些通孔的上方和下方将形成对应的通孔。
图6示出了本发明的一个实施例的剖面图，其中转子12具有圆锥形。定子12和转子30设有结合图1所描述的那种形式的多个通孔，当转子12由马达驱动时这些通孔相遇。除了在转子12圆周周围的通孔外，也可以在圆锥形的底部设有通孔，在一部分定子30的底部，设置有对应的通孔。与前面一样，对每个排而言，为了防止在一排内的两个通孔22上同时激振，定子30比转子12上的通孔多或者少一个。一个空心轴用作将第一注入材料通到盘状转子内侧的进口16。同样，在定子30和外壳34之间的区域35接受第二注入材料。当主体材料在转子12和定子30之间流动的时候，它受到通孔22处生成涡流的作用，使得第一和第二材料对主体材料扩散。被注入的主体材料通向出口40。
在图5a-b和6的实施例中，因为通孔22的排列可以形成在逐渐增加的直径上，所以容易生成多个频率。应该指出的是，可以采用许多形状，包括用半球形和球形来实现转子12和定子30。
这里描述的扩散器可以用在许多用途中。最佳的开孔尺寸(小孔24和开孔26)、通道32的宽度、转速和转子/定子直径取决于该装置的用途。
如上所述，扩散器可以用作向水中加氧。在该实施例中，空气或者氧气用作第一和第二注入材料。空气/氧气被扩散到结合图1所描述的那种废水(或者其它需要氧化的水)中。已经发现，扩散器可以使氧增加到约400％的溶解氧，当对该用途下的参数优化时可以产生更大的浓度。在试验中，将约二十五加仑的环境温度下的城市污水(初始溶解氧的读数为84.4％)通过该装置，五分钟后获得390％的溶解氧含量，增加的氧浓度水平被维持在300％溶解氧以上是四个小时，200％以上的溶解氧为十九个小时。三天后，溶解氧的浓度维持在134％以上。在这些试验中，采用169kHz的频率。通孔的尺寸，小孔24是0.030英寸，开孔为0.25英寸(转子上的开孔26具有斜边)。冷的温度可以明显增加氧的水平和持续性。
仍然是废水处理，或者是对其它有毒材料的生物纠正中，氧可以用作一种注入材料，臭氧可以被用作另一个注入材料。在这种情况下，臭氧将被用来氧化主体材料中有害的结构，例如VOC和有害的微生物。还有，如上所述，使用一套频率(由转子12和定子30中通孔的排列来决定)来提供一种破坏干扰的方式，将许多复杂结构分解成小的子结构。如果这种处理方法被用来氧化一种单一的、已知的有害物质，将可能使用一种单一的频率，而该频率对成功分解该结构是已知的。反之，也能使用一套频率，该频率导致一种结构干扰方式，来将两种或者更多的化合物聚合成一种更复杂和更大结构的物质。
为了生产饮用水，臭氧被用作第一和第二注入材料来分解和氧化污染物。
结合大量的用途，例如城市废水纠正，已经讨论了该扩散器的运行，但是它还可以用于家庭用途，例如饮水净化机、游泳池和养鱼池。
该扩散器还可以用于其它的用途，其中一个气体或者液体在其它液体中的扩散改变主体材料的特性。这种用途的例子包括，使牛奶均匀或者使油均匀。其它的用途包括在混合燃料和气体/液体方面提高效率，实现更高的燃料经济性。
图7a-b示出了转子12和定子30的多个可选的实施例。在图7a中，“定子”30也转动；在这种情况下，激振频率将取决于转子12和定子30之间的相对转动速度。在图7b中，转子12和定子30中的一个，不让注入材料通过该装置(在图7b中，只有转子通过一个注入材料)；不让注入材料通过的该装置具有代替通孔22的空腔58，来产生紊流。空腔58被作成类似于不带相伴小孔24的开孔26。
在图7c中，注入材料通过的、转子12或者定子30的小孔24被设置在开孔26附近，而不是象前面的实施例那样，设在开孔26中。应该指出的是，开孔26的主要目的是干扰沿着转子12和定子30表面的、主体材料的层流。主体材料的压缩和稀薄(减压)引起微气泡，微气泡提供了由该装置引起的高度扩散。在减压的过程中，在主体材料中形成气泡(气孔泡)。气孔泡长大以及在激振频率施加的压迫作用下收缩(或者爆炸)。当主体材料流过通道32时，气孔泡爆炸产生能量，该能量有助于将注入材料高度扩散到主体材料中。因此，只要注入材料和主体材料混合达到一点，其中气泡和引起的冲击波正在出现，上面描述的扩散将产生。
图7d示出了一个实施例，其中主体材料与一个或多个注入材料之间的初步混合在通道32之外进行。在该实施例中，采用Mazzie扩散器60(或者其它装置)来实现注入材料和主体材料的初始混合。混合物被输入到转子12和定子30之间的通道32中，在这里经受上面讨论的压缩/稀薄循环，导致混合物中出现气泡，并且混合物受到冲击波频率的作用。
还有，可以用不同于上面实施例中所示的开孔26的结构来实现气泡和冲击波的生成。正如上面所指出的，开孔26是为了表面干扰，它阻碍主体材料沿着通道32壁面的层流。在图7e中，一个突起，例如凸起62可以代替开孔26或者与开孔26配合起来形成一个表面干扰。还可以用圆形之外的形状。如图7f所示，可以在转子12和/或定子30中形成沟槽(或者凸起)64，以产生气泡和冲击波。
正如上面所指出的，并不是所有的用途都需要生成一个特定频率下的冲击波，或者从中获得有益效果。因此，转子12和定子30可设置多个能够出现白噪声而不是某一个特定频率的开孔26(或者其它表面干扰)。用来形成气泡的结构不需要单一化；在转子12和定子30上形成一个充分粗糙的表面也将引起气泡。另外，如图7g所示，并不需要在转子12和定子30的表面上都形成气泡；然而，在大多数情况下，如果在两个表面上都被使用，装置10的运行将更有效。
图7h示出了一个实施例，其中引起气泡的移动是由主体材料(也可选用被拖入的注入材料)提供的，而不是由转子12和定子30的相对运动提供的。在图7h的实施例中，在相互静止的两个壁面66之间形成通道32，一个或者两个壁面具有面向通道32的表面干扰。用一个泵或者其它装置使主体材料在高速下被驱动通过该通道，以形成高速流。通过小孔24或者通过将主体材料和注入材料在通道外混合，将一个或多个注入材料注入到通道中。主体材料的相对壁面66的高速度引起上述微气泡和激振。
作为一个示例，一个或多个壁面66可以是一个细网孔，注入材料通过该网孔流入到通道32内的主体材料中并与之混合。当主体材料高速流过该网孔时，网孔中的表面干扰将引起微气泡和激振。激振频率将取决于网孔的密集度和主体材料的速度。同样，在微气泡处，注入材料将在分子水平上扩散到主体材料中。
图8a、8b示出了本发明的另一个实施例，其中转动部件70设置在导管70内，并由马达73转动。采用Mazzie扩散器74或者其它装置，在转动部件70的上游导管72中，将主体材料和注入材料混合。在转动部件70的表面上，设置有一个或多个表面干扰，这样，转动部件70的转动产生上面讨论的微气泡，因而在材料中引起高度扩散。为了上述目的，叶轮叶片的形状和表面干扰76的方式，能够在希望的频率下形成微气泡和激振。另外，转动装置的形状能够使材料被吸入通过导管。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了许多明显的有益效果。第一，该装置产生的微气泡使扩散出现在分子水平上，所以增加了将由主体材料保持的注入材料的数量，并延长了持续扩散。第二，微气泡和冲击波可以通过比较简单的机械装置产生。第三，由该装置产生的冲击波的频率或多个频率可以用于许多用途，或者分解复杂结构或者帮助合成结构。第四，气泡和冲击波可以在整个材料内均匀产生以便持续扩散。
尽管本发明的详细描述是根据说明性的实施例进行的，本领域的技术人员对这些实施例和其它可选用的实施例可以作各种修改。本发明包括在所要求保护的范围内的任何修改和可替换的实施例。

Claims (26)

1.一种扩散器，它包括：
一个第一部件，其具有一个包含表面干扰的表面；
一个第二部件，其具有一个第一侧，相对于所述第一部件的所述表面设置第一侧，以在它们之间形成一个通道，从第一进口提供到所述通道内的一种第一材料流过所述通道，从一个第二进口提供而通过所述第二部件的一个第二侧的一种第二材料被引入到该通道中，所述扩散器被构造成在其整个工作过程中，从所述第一进口到所述通道，基本上连续的流动路径被提供；
一个装置，用于使所述第一材料相对于所述表面干扰移动通过所述通道，使得在所述通道中的所述第一材料中形成气泡，以将所述第二材料扩散到所述第一材料中去。
2.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第二部件也具有一个包含表面干扰的表面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述表面干扰中的一个或多个包括压槽。
4.根据权利要求3所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述压槽包括开孔。
5.根据权利要求4所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述压槽包括沟槽。
6.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述表面干扰包括突起。
7.根据权利要求6所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述突起包括局部隆起。
8.根据权利要求7所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述突起包括山脊状隆起。
9.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第一部件和所述第二部件中的一个或者两个都具有形成在其中的一个或多个小孔，来使所述第二材料，在和所述第一材料混合之前，进入到所述通道中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述小孔形成在所述第一部件和所述第二部件中，来使两种不同的材料在相互混合之前，通向所述通道。
11.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，它还包括抽吸所述第一和第二材料使它们通过所述通道的一个泵。
12.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，它还包括驱动所述第一和第二材料通过所述通道的一个泵。
13.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第一部件为圆柱形。
14.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第一部件为盘形。
15.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第一部件为圆锥形。
16.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第一部件为球形。
17.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第一部件为半球形。
18.根据权利要求1所述的扩散器，其特征在于，所述第一材料相对表面干扰的移动，产生一个或多个离散频率的冲击波。
19.一种扩散一种第一材料和一种第二材料的方法，包括以下步骤：
将所述第一材料从第一进口输入到形成在一个第一部件和一个第二部件的一个第一侧之间的一个通道中，在所述扩散的方法的整个过程，从所述第一进口到所述通道，基本上连续的流动路径被提供；
使所述第二材料通过所述第二部件的一个第二侧输入到所述通道中，其中，所述第一和第二部件中的至少一个包括面向所述通道的表面干扰；
使所述第一材料相对所述表面干扰在所述通道中流动，使所述第一和第二材料受到压缩和减压，导致所述第一材料中出现气泡，以将所述第二材料扩散到所述第一材料中。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二部件都包括面向所述通道的表面干扰。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个其上制有压槽的表面。
22.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个其上制有开孔的表面。
23.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个带所述表面干扰的表面，所述表面干扰被设置成一排以便以一个已知的频率来压缩和减压所述第一材料。
24.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一和第二部件中至少一个包括一个带表面干扰的表面，所述表面干扰被设置成多排以便以各自离散的频率来压缩和减压所述第一材料。
25.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一材料是一种液体，第二材料是一种气体。
26.一种扩散器，它包括：
一个第一部件，其具有一个包含表面干扰的表面；
一个第二部件，其具有一个包含表面干扰的第一表面，相对于所述第一部件设置该表面干扰，以形成一个通道，一种第一材料在所述各个部件的表面之间流动并通过所述通道，所述第二部件还包括多个小孔；
一个第一进口装置，用于将所述第一材料引入到所述通道，所述扩散器被构造成在其整个工作过程中，从所述第一进口到所述通道，基本上连续的流动路径被提供；
一个第二进口装置，用于将一种第二材料引入所述第二部件的一个第二表面，使得所述第二材料通过所述多个小孔输入到所述通道中，来与所述第一材料混合；
一个马达，其使所述第一和第二部件中的一个相对于另一个移动，以便当所述第一材料在该通道中时，使得在所述第一材料中形成气泡，来将所述第二材料扩散到所述第一材料中去。
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US6386751B1 (en) 2002-05-14
ATE433796T1 (de) 2009-07-15
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