CN100446629C - 具有pwm输出的led驱动电路 - Google Patents

具有pwm输出的led驱动电路 Download PDF

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CN100446629C
CN100446629C CNB02824219XA CN02824219A CN100446629C CN 100446629 C CN100446629 C CN 100446629C CN B02824219X A CNB02824219X A CN B02824219XA CN 02824219 A CN02824219 A CN 02824219A CN 100446629 C CN100446629 C CN 100446629C
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CN1600047A (zh
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Y·-K·民
B·克劳伯格
B·J·E·霍特勒
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2607—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic comprising at least two indicating lamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2696—Mounting of devices using LEDs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/44—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating braking action or preparation for braking, e.g. by detection of the foot approaching the brake pedal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]

Abstract

本发明的用于发光二极管(LED)的驱动电路利用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)为LED提供功率。驱动电路100利用电流反馈来调节到LED阵列54的功率，并提供全光和弱光模式。

Description

具有PWM输出的LED驱动电路
本公开的技术领域是电源，特别是使用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)的发光二极管(LED)的驱动电路。
传统上，白炽和荧光照明装置已被用作汽车和其它车辆的光源。但是在发光二极管技术方面的明显进步已使LED对于用于车辆来说很有吸引力，因为它们的工作寿命长，效率高，外形也小。
LED的电学特性是这样的，施加在该LED灯上的电压的小改变就可引起电流的明显改变。LED的光输出是与LED的电流成比例的，因而一电流源就是驱动LED的优选方法。现在，车辆中的LED驱动器使用具有电压源输出的驱动电路和电流限制电阻器或线性电流调节器。电流限制电阻器引起功率损耗，使该驱动电路效率低下。此外，电流调节器又不精确。以非标称电流驱动LED可能使LED的寿命减小并产生不可预知的光输出。因为车辆中LED的应用已扩展到较高功率的应用，如后面的组合灯(停止(STOP)/转弯(TURN)/尾部(TRAIL))，所以这些驱动电路的性能在效率和调节方面都不再合格。
最好具有一种能克服上述缺点的LED的驱动电路。
本发明的一个方面就是提供一种具有良好调节和效率的LED驱动电路。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种能在该LED的标称电流上维持工作的LED的驱动电路。
本发明的前述的和其它的特点及优点从目前的优选实施例的下面的详细说明并结合查看附图将会变得更为明显。该详细说明和附图仅仅是本发明的例证性说明，而不是对本发明范围的限制，本发明范围由附录的权利要求及其等效条款所规定。
图1图示出一按照本发明制成的LED驱动电路的方框图。
图2A-2D图示出一按照本发明制成的LED驱动电路的示意图。
本发明的发光二极管(LED)的驱动电路利用脉冲宽度调制给LED提供功率。该电源利用电流反馈来调节给LED的功率和提供全光与弱光模式。
图1图示出一按照本发明制成的LED驱动电路的方框图。在方框50提供尾灯的输入信号，并此信号被提供给电源52。该电源52可以是一DC/DC变换器，如降压-升压电源或其它的替换品，如升压，降压，或回扫变换器。该电源52为LED阵列54提供功率并受PWM控制IC 56的控制。该PWM控制IC 56提供一高频的脉冲宽度发生变化的周期性驱动信号，以便响应反馈信号使该电源52按LED阵列54的要求提供功率。在一个实施例中，该驱动信号可以是一在0和12伏特之间，以20kHz振荡的方波。比较器58通过对来自电流传感器60的检测电流信号和来自参考电流源62的参考电流进行比较，提供该反馈信号。
低频振荡器64提供一低频振荡信号给该电源52和PWM控制IC56。只要尾灯输入信号50存在而停止输入信号66不存在，则该低频就将该驱动电路置于弱光模式。作为例子，该输入信号是被当作尾灯输入信号和停止输入信号来举例说明的，但是该输入信号可以是任何希望的信号，这里，弱光模式相应于一个输入信号，而全光模式相应于第二个输入信号。该低频振荡器64的低频比来自PWM控制IC 56的驱动信号低。该低频振荡信号振荡在第一状态和第二状态之间。在一个实施例中，该振荡信号可以是一振荡在0和16伏特之间，频率为200-300Hz的方波。当低频振荡信号是处于低态时，则该低频振荡信号就阻止功率从电源52送到LED阵列54，并使PWM控制IC 56的输出保持较低。当该低频信号从低向高变化时，就使该PWM控制IC 56的输出与该转变同步。这就允许使用较低的工作频率与弱光模式配合，同时维持稳定的LED电流。当在该电源52处出现停止信号66时，该电源52和PWM控制IC 56不受来自该低频振荡器64的低频振荡信号的影响，该驱动电路被置于全光模式。在只希望全光模式的另一实施例中，该低频振荡器64和该尾灯输入信号50可以省略，而且可为该停止输入信号66提供另一输入，如转弯输入信号。
该低频振荡器64的低频被选择为足够高，高到足以保证从该LED阵列54看不见闪烁；例如，在一个实施例中，该低频可选择为大约200-300Hz。该低频也被选择为足够低，低得足以限制来自该电源52的电磁干扰(EMI)，但还应高到足以为该电源52的磁性材料提供合理的电感成分。极其低的EMI规格界限是由汽车工业所采用的。在方框68处的灯泡熄灭信号(Bulb out signal)提供了一信号指示，它表示LED阵列54已被烧毁或已变成断开。
图2A-2D图示出一按照本发明制成的LED驱动电路的示意图。TURN输入102，STOP输入104，和尾部输入106从车辆给驱动电路100提供控制输入信号。例如，该控制输入信号可以从6伏特到16伏特，但典型的是14.5伏特。该控制信号通常是处于低态，而当希望某种操作时则向高变化。GROUND输入108为该驱动电路提供地参照。跳线110可为国外和国产车辆提供一任选的操作模式，这样对于外国车辆来说，一个LED阵列就被用作转弯信号，另一LED阵列则被用于尾灯，而对于国产车辆来说，一个LED阵列被用作组合的停止和转弯信号，另一LED阵列则被用于一组合的停止信号、转弯信号和尾灯。二极管和连接控制输入的电容器提供EMI滤波和反像电压电池保护向
第一电源112给第一LED阵列114提供电流。响应TURN输入102或S TOP输入104的控制信号，在国产车辆中该第一LED阵列114以全光模式运作。该电源112运作于PWM模式控制中，以便将该第一LED阵列114中的电流调节到该要求值。响应来自第一PWM控制IC 118的驱动信号，第一FET 116迅速地对该第一电源112进行开关。该第一PWM控制IC 118可以是一集成电路，如由Unitrode制造的UCC2813-3，由ST Microelectronics制造的UC2842系列，等等。在一个实施例中，该驱动信号可以是一振荡在0-12伏特之间，频率为20kHz的方波。该第一PWM控制IC118响应来自第一运算放大器120的反馈信号改变该驱动信号的脉冲宽度。运算放大器120的输出代表该第一LED阵列114的电流的比例缩放版本，，将其与该PWM控制IC的内部参考相比。该第一运算放大器120和第一PWM控制IC118提供一反馈机构，以便LED的电流保持恒定并满足该LED阵列的要求。这就维护了LED的寿命和产生可预知的光输出。在图示的实施例中，在第一电源112和第一LED阵列114之间的电阻器被用于LED电流的检测；由于此处使用的表面安装电阻器的功率损耗能力低所以可使用多个电阻器。
第二运算放大器122将系统输入电压信号与来自第一LED阵列114和第二LED阵列126的下游电压信号进行比较并提供一灯泡熄灭(BULB OUT)信号124，以提醒该驱动器：LED阵列被烧毁或断开了。电压源128供电给运算放大器IC，它利用第一LED阵列114和第二LED阵列126的较高电压，或在功能上经二极管D5A和D5B实现。在输入信号(转弯，停止或尾部输入)上发生瞬变时，利用一保护齐纳来将该运算放大器电源上的电压箝位到一比该运放大器的额定值小的值上。
除了驱动电路100的给第二LED阵列126供电的该部分能响应尾部输106控制信号的要求以低频弱光模式驱动第二LED阵列126外，驱动电路100的给第二LED阵列126供电的该部分是与驱动电路100的给第一LED阵列114供电的该部分相似的。驱动电路100的给第一LE D阵列114供电的该部分只能以全光模式驱动该第一LED阵列114。
第二电源130给第二LED阵列126提供电流。在国产车辆中，响应S TOP输104控制信号的要求，该第二LED阵列126将以全光模式运作，而在响应尾部输106控制信号的要求时则以弱光模式运作。该LED阵列的电流信号是经脉冲宽度调制的，也就是流到第二LED阵列126的电流是一预定频率的方波，峰值电流接近该LED阵列的标称值，该脉冲宽度设定在一固定的占空比上，该占空比取决于第二LED阵列126所要求的功率。在一个实施例中，该电流信号可以是一在0和600mA之间振荡，频率为200-300Hz的方波。
在响应S TOP输入104控制信号的全光模式中，第一晶体管138提供一接地路径，以便PWM FET 140持续地导电，而不是跟随低频振荡器144的低频振荡，这就允许连续的电流流过该第二LED阵列126。通过该第一晶体管138的接地路径阻止第二晶体管142导电。这就使第二PWM控制IC 134保持在全光模式中，因为第二PWM控制IC 134并不通过第二晶体管142接收振荡同步信号。第二FET 132以与上述第一FET 116相同的方式开关。
在弱光模式中，当停止(STOP)输入104控制信号不存在而尾部输106控制信号存在时，第一晶体管138就关断，因PWM FET 140就响应低频振荡器144的振荡信号循环地打开和关断。在一个实施例中，振荡信号可以是一在0和16伏特之间200-300Hz的频率振荡的方波。当PWM FET 140循环地打开和关断时，这也使第二LED阵列126循环地打开和关断。将该低频振荡器144的频率选得足够高，高到足以保证从该第二LED阵列126上看不见闪烁。例如，在一个实施例中，低频占空比可被选择为大约10％，而振荡频率为大约200-300Hz。该频率也可选择得足够低，低到足以限制来自第二电源130的电磁干扰(EMI)，但却高到足以为第二电源130的磁性材料提供合理的电感成分。极其低的EMI规格界限被汽车工业所采用。
在弱光模式中，该低频振荡器144的振荡输出还通过第二晶体管142控制给第二PWM控制IC 134的振荡同步信号。当来自低频振荡器144的振荡信号低时，该第二晶体管142就关断而第二PWM控制IC 134就起作用。当来自低频振荡器144的振荡信号高时，该第二晶体管142就打开而第二PWM控制IC 134被保持在复位状态。这就防止了在第二LED阵列126关断时第二PWM控制IC 134馈送到第二FET 132的输出电压上升。当低频振荡器144的输出从高转变到低时，该第二晶体管142还使第二PWM控制IC 134与该低频振荡器144同步，激活了第二PWM控制IC 134并使第二LED阵列126通电。当第二晶体管142关断时，就发生同步，从第二PWM控制IC 134的Comp和RT/CT引线上消除了接地信号。这允许使用较低工作频率与弱光模式配合，并同时保持稳定的LED电流。
重要的是注意到，图2A.-2D举例说明了本发明的一些具体应用和实施例，而并不打算把本公开或权利要求的范围限制在此提出的那些。例如，开关装置，如FET，和晶体管被举例说明，但在实现本发明时，却还可使用其它的开关部件，如晶体管，MOSFET，IGBT，或双极晶体管。像另一个例子那样，这里将PWM控制IC的同步用来获得恒定的电流，即使在该低频振荡相当接近该电源的工作频率时也是如此。在某些情形，有一些起伏也是可以接受的，而且还可将同步省去。然而，这电路的另一可行实施例可以使用峰值电流的检测技术而不使用这里图示的技术来保持恒定的峰值LED电流，该低频PWM信号的占空比是变化的。在阅读说明和观察其附图时，本技术的普通人员马上将会明白，本发明的众多的其它实施例也是可行的，而且这些实施例是预料之中的并属于目前要求的发明范围。
虽然这里公开的本发明的实施例目前被认为是优选的，但还可进行各种变化和改进而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。本发明的范围被表示在附录的权利要求中，而且这里还打算包括那些在等效条款意义和范围内的所有变化。

Claims (7)

1.为LED阵列(54)提供功率的LED功率系统，该系统包括：
-供电装置(52)，为LED阵列(54)提供电流；
-低频振荡器(64)，产生具有第一态和第二态的振荡信号；
-脉冲宽度调制控制装置(56)，产生高频周期性驱动信号，其频率高于低频振荡信号的频率；
-尾部信号输入(50)，用于接收尾部输入信号；
-停止信号输入(66)，用于接收停止输入信号；
-参考电流信号发生器(62)，用于产生参考信号；
-电流传感器(60)，用于检测流向LED阵列(54)的电流，该传感器产生检测电流信号；
-比较器(58)，其被连接来接收来自参考电流信号发生器(62)的参考信号并接收来自电流传感器(60)的检测电流信号，并被设计来比较所接收的参考信号和所接收的检测电流信号并基于比较结果提供反馈信号；
其中，脉冲宽度调制控制装置(56)被连接来接收来自比较器(58)的反馈信号，并响应于该反馈信号以生成具有变化脉冲宽度的驱动信号；
其中，供电装置(52)被连接来接收来自脉冲宽度调制控制装置(56)的驱动信号，并响应于该驱动信号以向LED阵列提供电流；
其中，当接收到停止输入信号时，该功率系统适于工作在全光模式，在全光模式中供电装置(52)不受低频振荡信号的影响；
其中，当接收到尾部输入信号且不存在停止输入信号时，该功率系统适于工作在弱光模式，在弱光模式中供电装置(52)通过在低频振荡信号的第一态期间向LED阵列(54)提供电流并在低频振荡信号的第二态期间阻断到LED阵列(54)的电流来对该低频振荡信号作出响应。
2.权利要求1的系统，其中该振荡信号的占空比为10％。
3.权利要求1的系统，其中该振荡信号的频率为200-300Hz。
4.权利要求1的系统，其中该脉冲宽度调制控制装置(56)通过在低频振荡信号的第一态期间提供驱动信号且在低频振荡信号的第二态期间阻断驱动信号来对来自该低频振荡器(64)的低频振荡信号作出响应。
5.权利要求4的系统，其中该脉冲宽度调制控制装置(56)适于使该驱动信号与来自该低频振荡器(64)的低频振荡信号同步。
6.权利要求1的系统，还包括一指示装置(68)，用来指示LED阵列(54)不能工作。
7.权利要求1的系统，其中该供电装置(52)从由降压-升压电源，升压电源，降压电源及回扫变换器组成的组中选择。
CNB02824219XA 2001-12-05 2002-11-15 具有pwm输出的led驱动电路 Expired - Lifetime CN100446629C (zh)

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