CN100479769C - 包含eap阻挡锁定机构的外科器械 - Google Patents

包含eap阻挡锁定机构的外科器械 Download PDF

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CN100479769C
CN100479769C CNB2005100873329A CN200510087332A CN100479769C CN 100479769 C CN100479769 C CN 100479769C CN B2005100873329 A CNB2005100873329 A CN B2005100873329A CN 200510087332 A CN200510087332 A CN 200510087332A CN 100479769 C CN100479769 C CN 100479769C
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CN1726876A (zh
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弗雷德里克·E·谢尔顿四世
尤金·L·蒂姆珀曼
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867Material properties shape memory effect
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831Material properties
    • A61B2017/00867Material properties shape memory effect
    • A61B2017/00871Material properties shape memory effect polymeric
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

Abstract

一种尤其适合于内窥镜手术的外科缝合和切割器械装有手柄,该手柄产生独立的闭合和击发运动以致动端部执行器。手柄产生多击发冲程以减小击发端部执行器所需的力。联动传动减小了所需的手柄纵向长度,但当被伸直以用于击发时也获得了刚性的坚固构造。一个或多个诸如电活化聚合物(EAP)致动器的电致动锁定机构被偏压以防止击发,除非被致动。一个锁定件是由EAP块状致动器起动的弹簧偏压式侧向卡爪击发机构。另一个是击发扳柄EAP锁定件。还有一个是闭合轭EAP锁定件。再一个是锁定击发机构的手动缩回EAP锁定件。因此,可包含各种检测或命令的输入以防止意外击发。

Description

包含EAP阻挡锁定机构的外科器械
相关申请的相互参照
本申请要求Shelton IV于2004年7月28日申请的、系列号为No.60/591,694且发明名称为“包含电致动关节机构的外科器械”的美国临时专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及能够对组织施加多行缝钉且同时切割在这些缝钉线之间的组织的外科缝合器械,本发明尤其涉及对缝合器械的改进和对用于形成可防止意外击发的这种缝合器械的各种零部件的过程的改进。
背景技术
由于较小的切口易于减小术后恢复时间和并发症,所以腹腔镜和内窥镜(“微创”)外科器械与传统的开放式手术装置相比更受偏爱。因而,适合通过套管针的插管将远端执行器精确放置在理想的手术部位的微创手术器械领域得到了显著的发展。这些远端执行器以多种方式接合组织以获得诊断或治疗效果(例如,内切割器、抓钳,切割器、缝合器、夹具施放器、进入装置、药物/基因治疗输送装置、以及使用超声、RF、激光等的能量装置)。
这些装置常常在组织上执行机械的手术活动,例如抓持、吻合、切割、缝合等。一种可靠的途径是通过细长轴的限定范围机械地实现这样一种能力。在通过手柄和轴结合一种或多种运动以实现成功的器械方面已经得到了很大发展。
例如,外科缝合器包括一个同时在组织中形成一个纵向切口并在该切口的相对侧上施加多行缝钉的端部执行器。该端部执行器包括一对相配合的钳口构件,如果欲将该器械用于内窥镜或腹腔镜用途,则所述钳口构件能够通过插管通道。其中一个钳口构件承载具有至少两排横向间隔开的缝钉的缝钉匣。另一个钳口构件限定了一个砧板,所述砧板具有与所述缝钉匣中的缝钉排对准的缝钉形成凹槽。该器械包括多个往复运动的楔状件,当被朝远侧驱动时,所述楔状件通过缝钉匣中的开口并且与支承缝钉的驱动器接合以朝向砧板击发缝钉。
避免设备故障或人为错误的极罕见情况是微创器械的高度理想的目标。为此,引入了许多机械式锁定。例如,对于外科缝合器,已经知道在用完的缝钉匣存在于端部执行器中或者端部执行器未闭合且未夹紧的情况下以机械方式锁定击发。
尽管这样的锁定机构具有某些优点,但是在一些情况下希望提供一种替代的或附加的锁定机构。精密的机械装置常常造成设计困难并产生另外的故障源或者用户复杂性。
因此,强烈需要一种防止意外致动的改进的外科器械。
发明内容
通过提供一种外科缝合和切割器械,本发明克服了现有技术的上述和其它的缺陷,所述器械有利地包括一个在手柄中的电致动锁定机构,该锁定机构防止通过细长轴致动端部执行器。在将电致动器朝着锁定偏压的情况下,可以避免多个不期望出现的致动条件。
在本发明的一个方面中,包括由相对的钳口构成的端部执行器的外科器械有利地被电活化聚合物(EAP)致动器锁定,偏压所述致动器以锁定近侧致动器来防止闭合钳口。由此,通过该锁定可避免不希望的使用器械(例如,通过套管针的插入,在闭合后的随后击发)。
在本发明的另一个方面中,外科器械具有致动端部执行器的击发构件,所述端部执行器为具有下钳口和枢转连接的上钳口的缝钉施加装置。电动致动器锁定到与所述击发构件连接的近侧致动器上以防止在某些情况下击发。
在本发明的又一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其包括:包括以可枢转的方式相对的钳口的端部执行器;连接到所述端部执行器上的细长轴;往复运动的构件,其由所述细长轴接纳并且连接到所述端部执行器,以用于实现其闭合;手柄,其包括:连接到所述往复运动的构件上的近侧致动器;连接到所述手柄上以用于运动的锁定构件,其被偏压成与所述近侧致动器锁定接合;电活化聚合物致动器,其连接到响应电信号的所述近侧致动器上,以解锁所述锁定构件;以及具有可操作的构造以有选择地产生所述电信号的电路。
在本发明的再一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,以可枢转的方式相对的钳口包括与所述细长轴连接的下钳口和枢转连接的上钳口,所述往复运动的构件包括封闭管,并且近侧致动器包括连接成移动所述封闭管的闭合轭,所述锁定构件具有可操作的构造以有选择地允许所述闭合轭进行远侧运动。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,包括:端部执行器,其包括下钳口和枢转连接的上钳口;连接到所述下钳口上的细长轴;被接纳在所述下钳口中的缝钉匣;由所述细长轴承载的击发构件,其远侧终止于切割表面位置以横过所述缝钉匣;手柄,其包括:连接到所述击发构件上的近侧致动器;连接到所述手柄上以用于运动的锁定构件,其被偏压成与所述近侧致动器锁定接合;电动致动器,其连接到响应电信号的所述近侧致动器上,以解锁所述锁定构件;以及具有可操作的构造以有选择地产生所述电信号的电路。
在本发明的又一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,所述电动致动器包括电活化聚合物。
在本发明的再一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,所述近侧致动器包括扳柄。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,所述扳柄包括击发扳柄。
在本发明的又一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,所述扳柄包括闭合扳柄。
在本发明的再一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,所述近侧致动器包括通过单向离合器连接到所述击发构件上的缩回杆,所述电动致动器被可操作地构造成锁定所述单向离合器,从而防止所述击发构件的远侧运动。
在本发明的另一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,所述手柄的所述近侧致动器进一步被可操作地构造成朝着所述下钳口闭合所述上钳口,所述击发构件被阻止朝远侧运动,而所述近侧致动器不前进以闭合所述上钳口,因此,锁定防止击发的所述近侧致动器。
在本发明的又一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,其中,所述近侧致动器包括闭合轭。
在本发明的再一个方面中,提供了一种外科器械,进一步包括一种用于电解锁缝钉施加装置的击发机构的装置。
从附图及其描述中应当显而易见本发明的这些和其它的目的与优点。
附图说明
被结合到该说明书中并且作为说明书一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例,其与上述本发明的概括描述以及下面给出的对实施例的具体描述一起用于说明本发明的原理。
图1是外科缝合和切割器械的左前侧透视图,该器械包括在手柄部分中的电活化聚合物(EAP)阻挡、完全锁定机构。
图2是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄部分的右后侧透视图,其中手柄壳体的右半个壳体被拆除,以暴露闭合和击发机构。
图3是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄部分和细长轴的右后侧透视分解图。
图4是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的右视图,其中右半个壳体和执行部分的远侧部分被拆除,以暴露在初始状态的闭合和击发机构。
图5是部分拆卸的图4所示外科缝合和切割器械的右后侧透视图,其中闭合机构被闭合并夹紧,侧向卡爪击发机构完成了第一冲程,并且手动缩回机构被拆除,以暴露引起击发机构自动缩回的链式齿条的远侧链节。
图6是由闭合轭组件形成的图3所示链式齿条击发机构和带有EAP锁定机构的侧向卡爪击发机构的详细的右后侧分解透视图。
图7是以朝近侧缩回的链式齿条示出的图6所示链式齿条击发机构和脱开(电去致动)EAP锁定机构的侧向卡爪击发机构的右后侧透视图。
图8是包括图7所示侧向卡爪组件的一部分的链式齿条击发机构的右后侧透视图,其中附加了击发扳柄和带有虚线表示的缓冲弹簧的卡爪块(block)。
图9是包括图8所示一部分侧向卡爪组件的链式齿条击发机构的俯视图,其中进一步在卡爪块上附加了推出块。
图10是图9所示链式齿条击发机构的俯视图,其中EAP锁定机构被致动,使链式齿条向右位移成与卡爪块和推出块接合。
图11是包括侧向卡爪组件、链式齿条、闭合轭和轨道、以及击发扳柄的链式齿条击发机构的右后侧透视图,其中EAP锁定机构被致动以允许击发。
图12是在击发冲程之后图11所示链式齿条击发机构的右后侧透视图,其中EAP锁定机构被去致动,以防止链式齿条前进。
图13是包括容纳在手柄壳体的左侧中的EAP致动器的闭合EAP锁定机构的右视图,该EAP致动器被对准以进入和锁定闭合轭,从而防止闭合,并由此防止外科缝合和切割器械的端部执行器的击发。
图14是图13所示手柄的俯视图,图中手柄壳体的右半个壳体被拆除且沿通过松弛的闭合EAP致动器的线14-14截取水平横截面,该松弛的闭合EAP致动器导致闭合EAP锁定机构在近侧锁定闭合轭,防止闭合和击发外科缝合和切割器械。
图15是图14所示手柄的俯视图,其中EAP致动器被致动(横向缩回),以允许闭合轭向远侧移动来闭合砧板。
图16是手动缩回机构的分解透视图,该手动缩回机构提供了击发位置指示,击发机构的手动释放和图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手动缩回。
图17是图16所示手动缩回机构的透视图。
图18是图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的手柄的左视图,该手柄被部分地拆除以暴露拆下的缩回弹簧和手动缩回机构。
图19是图1所示手柄的左侧详图,其中手柄壳体的左半个壳体以及用于闭合和击发的部件被拆除,以暴露手动缩回机构、链式齿条和防倒转机构。
图20是图19所示部分分解的手柄的左侧详图,其中手动缩回杆被向近侧致动。
图21是图20所示部分分解的手柄的左侧详图,其中与在防倒转释放杆和手动缩回机构之间的接触表面的相互作用以虚线示出。
图22是用于图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的一个替代手动缩回机构的右视图,其包含在去致动的锁定状态下示出的EAP锁定机构。
图23是图22所示替代手动缩回机构的右视图,其中EAP锁定机构被致动至允许击发和手动释放的解锁状态。
图24是一个替代手柄的局部的左视图,该手柄被部分地拆开以暴露用于图1所示外科缝合和切割器械的在去致动的锁定状态下的击发扳柄EAP锁定机构。
图25是图24所示EAP锁定机构的左视图,该机构被去致动和解锁以允许按压击发扳柄。
图26是图24所示EAP锁定机构的后侧透视图。
图27是图24所示替代击发扳柄的上部的前侧透视图。
图28是图27所示替代击发扳柄的上部的左视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,外科缝合和切割器械10包括多冲程击发的端部执行器,其在图中所示的形式中为缝钉施加组件12。砧板14可以绕其连接到细长(缝钉)通道16上的枢轴重复地打开和闭合。缝钉施加组件12在近侧连接到细长轴18上,形成一个执行部分22。当缝钉施加组件12闭合时,执行部分22具有适合通过操作手柄20经过套管针的插管插入的小横截面面积,所述手柄被连接到细长轴18的近端上。
手柄20具有安装在其手柄壳体154上的用户控制器,所述用户控制器例如为围绕轴18的纵向轴线旋转细长轴18和缝钉施加组件12的旋钮30。闭合扳柄26在手枪式握柄36前方围绕闭合扳柄销152(图2-5)枢转并且沿横向接合在手柄壳体154上,按压该闭合扳柄以闭合缝钉施加组件12。在闭合扳柄26的前方枢转的多冲程击发扳柄34导致缝钉施加组件12,同时切割和缝合夹在其中的组织。由于采用多个击发冲程来减小医生的手为每个冲程所需的力的大小,右和左刻度指示轮(indicator gauge wheel)40,41(前者在图3中示出)旋转击发进程的显示标记。例如,完整的击发行程可以需要三个完整的击发冲程,因此指示轮40,41每个冲程旋转达三分之一转。如果需要,手动击发释放杆42允许在完整的击发行程之前缩回,并且在存在粘结或缩回偏压失灵的情况下帮助缩回。当闭合扳柄26被夹紧并且未发生部分击发时,使闭合释放按钮38向外呈现,这可以防止松开闭合扳柄26。
参考图1-5,细长轴18具有作为其外部结构的纵向往复运动的封闭管24,该封闭管使砧板14(图1)枢转以响应手柄20的闭合扳柄26的近侧按压而实现闭合。尤其参考图3,细长轴18通过在封闭管24内部的框架28连接到手柄20上。该框架28可旋转地接合手柄20,从而对旋钮30的扭转导致执行部分22旋转。旋钮30的每个半壳体包括向内的突起31,该突起进入封闭管24中的一个相应的较长的侧面开口70中且进一步向内突出以接合框架28,从而将旋钮30的旋转传递给执行部分22。侧面开口70的纵向长度足够长以允许封闭管24进行纵向闭合运动,并且向内的突起31沿纵向保持在固定距离处。
在图3中,闭合扳柄26的上部160通过闭合连杆164向前推动闭合轭162。该闭合连杆164在其远端通过闭合轭销166以可枢转的方式在连接点161处连接到闭合轭162上,并且在其近端通过闭合连杆销168也可枢转的方式连接。闭合扳柄26被闭合扳柄拉伸弹簧246推动到打开位置,所述闭合扳柄拉伸弹簧在近侧被连接到闭合扳柄26的上部160上并被连接到由右和左半个壳体156,158形成的手柄壳体154上。右和左半个壳体156,158每个都包括闭合轭导向柱159(图3,4),所述导向柱沿形成于闭合轭162的左侧上的水平延伸的矩形长孔169滑动,当使闭合轭162在近侧定位且砧板14打开时,柱159如图4所示处于孔169中的远侧位置。
闭合扳柄26的上部160包括带有后凹口171的近侧顶部170。闭合释放按钮38和枢转锁定臂172通过中心横向枢轴173连接。压缩弹簧174向近侧偏压闭合释放按钮38(在从右侧看时围绕中心横向枢轴173成顺时针)。由于当闭合扳柄26如图2,4所示被释放时上部160向后,枢转锁定臂172搁置于内拉入闭合释放按钮38的近侧顶部170上。当闭合扳柄26到达其完全压下位置时,应当理解,后凹口171位于枢转锁定臂172下方,该枢转锁定臂在压缩弹簧174的推动下落入并锁定在后凹口171上。当击发部件缩回时,闭合释放按钮38的手动按压向上旋转枢转锁定臂172以松开闭合扳柄26。
一旦闭合扳柄26在近侧被夹紧,响应于被拉至手枪式握柄36的多冲程击发扳柄34使击发杆32从手柄20向远侧移动,医生可在右和左刻度指示轮40,41上看到的击发行程量。击发扳柄34围绕击发扳柄销202枢转,所述击发扳柄销横向穿过且被接合到右和左半个壳体156,158上。
联动传动击发机构150初始被缩回,通过组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧184迫使其保持在该位置上,所述组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧被限制在手柄20的手枪式握柄36内,并且其固定端186与壳体154连接,而移动端188与钢带192的向下弯曲的近侧缩回端190相连。
钢带192的设置在远侧的端部194被连接到连接部件195上,该连接部件位于形成链式齿条200的多个链节196a-196d的前链节196a上。链式齿条200是柔性的,但具有形成笔直的刚性齿条组件的远侧链节,该刚性齿条组件可以通过在执行部分22中的击发杆32传递相当大的击发力,但容易缩回到手枪式握柄36中以使手柄20的纵向长度最小化。应当理解的是,组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧184增加了有效的击发行程量,同时与单个弹簧相比基本上减小了一半的最小长度。
防倒转机构
在图3-5中,防倒转机构250防止组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧184在击发冲程之间缩回链式齿条200。连接管131在近侧连接击发杆32以传递击发运动。导向柱159接合在连接滑管131的近侧部分上的横向凹槽133。当被击发时,链节196a和196b进入连接管131上的近侧开口的凹腔。击发杆32在近侧从框架28的近端伸出并且穿过防倒转板266的通孔408。该通孔408的尺寸被设置成,当垂直地对准时可滑动地接纳击发杆32,而当倾斜时约束该击发杆32。下连接片271(lowertab attachment)从框架28的近端的下缘向近侧延伸,延伸穿过在防倒转板266的下边缘上的孔269。该下连接片271将防倒转板266的下部拉近框架28,从而当击发杆32朝远侧前进时防倒转板266是垂直的,而当击发杆试图缩回时允许防倒转板266向后上方倾斜以进入约束状态。防倒转压缩弹簧264在远侧被框架28的近端限制并且在近侧抵靠防倒转板266的顶部,从而将防倒转板266偏压到锁定状态。
为抵抗弹簧偏压,防倒转凸轮管268滑动地包围连接管131并且抵靠在防倒转板266上。连接到防倒转凸轮管268上的近侧突出的防倒转轭256在闭合轭162的顶部之上延伸。
链式齿条触发式自动缩回
在图1-5中,联动触发式自动缩回机构289被装在外科缝合和切割器械10中,以引起在完整击发行程终点处的刀具缩回。为此,最近侧的链节196d包括柄脚290,所述柄脚在使最近侧链节196d前进到在闭合轭162中形成的齿条通道291中时向上突起。将该柄脚290对准以致动在防倒转释放杆248上的底部近侧凸轮292。在右和左半个壳体156,158上形成的结构限制了防倒转释放杆248的运动。分别形成于右和左半个壳体156,158内的销插座296和圆形销293通过一个纵向细长孔294被接收,该孔294形成于在底部近侧凸轮292远侧的防倒转释放杆248中的上,从而允许纵向平移以及围绕圆形销293和销插座296旋转。在右半个壳体156中,近侧开口的通道295包括与向上的远侧倾斜部分连通的近侧水平部分,所述向上的远侧倾斜部分接纳靠近防倒转释放杆248的近端的右后部销297,因此,当防倒转释放杆248到达其平移的最远部分时,产生向上的旋转。一旦组装之后,在防倒转释放杆248近侧形成于右半个壳体156中的阻挡结构防止其向近侧运动,以将右后部销297保持在近端开口的通道295中。
因此,将防倒转释放杆248的远端254朝远侧向下推动,导致右前部销298落入在右半个壳体156上形成的远端开口的台阶结构299中,所述台阶结构被压缩弹簧300推入到该接合状态,所述压缩弹簧钩在处于右前部销298和纵向长孔294之间的防倒转释放杆248上的左侧钩300上。压缩弹簧300的另一端连接到一个安装在闭合轭162的顶部表面上的钩302上。
因此,压缩弹簧300将防倒转释放杆248的远端254向下和向后拉,这导致当朝远侧前进时,右前部销298锁定在远端开口的台阶结构299中。
一旦脱开,防倒转释放杆248仍然向前垂直地保持防倒转板266,由此允许链式齿条200被缩回。当在松开端部执行器12期间使闭合轭162随后缩回时,在闭合轭162上的向上突出的复位柄脚303接触防倒转释放杆248的底部远侧凸轮305,以使右前部销298升高到远侧开口的台阶结构299之外,从而防倒转压缩弹簧264可以朝近侧将防倒转凸轮管268和防倒转释放杆248推到它们的缩回位置。
包含EAP锁定机构的侧向卡爪击发机构
手柄20,尤其是链式齿条击发机构150,在共同拥有的美国专利申请系列号为No.11/052,387中被更详细地描述,上述申请的全部内容,例如关于间歇地致动链式齿条的侧向卡爪组件的描述,在此引入作为参考。然而,特别参考图6,侧向卡爪组件285被改进为包括EAP锁定机构199。具体地说,对链式齿条击发机构150的改进,特别是对闭合轭162、卡爪滑块(梭)270以及链节196a-d的改进,允许缓冲弹簧201在远侧被夹持在卡爪滑块270上的一个垂直弯曲的开口狭槽203中,沿卡爪滑块270的左侧延伸近侧的弓形部分。每个链节196a-d具有沿其右侧底部的水平凹槽205,从而对缓冲弹簧201提供不间断的接触表面以承受从此处产生的向左偏压,使链式齿条200脱离接合。当被靠着链节196a-d的右侧致动时,保持在闭合轭162上的向右开口的水平狭槽209中的EAP块状致动器207将链式齿条200推成紧靠卡爪滑块270,并压缩缓冲弹簧201,由此允许击发。
应当理解的是,因此可以包含许多控制电路部件以防止击发。例如,可以将起动开关加入手柄20中。作为另一个示例,可以包括端部执行器12中的传感器,例如存在或缺少未用光的缝钉匣,和存在夹入端部执行器中的合适数量的组织,存在或缺少辅助化合物或治疗特征(例如,烧灼,消毒等)。此外,控制电路可以包括集总模拟部件,可编程逻辑数组,微机控制器,或者其它类型的电子电路。
电活化聚合物
电活化聚合物(EAPs)是一组导电的掺杂聚合物,其在施加电压时改变形状。实质上,导电的聚合物与某些形式的离子流体或凝胶和电极配合。离子从流体/凝胶中流入导电的聚合物或者从导电的聚合物中流出的流动通过施加的电位引起,并且这种流动引起聚合物的形状变化。依据所使用的聚合物和离子流体,电位在1V到4KV的范围内。一些EAPs在施加电压时收缩,而一些则膨胀。EAPs可以与机械装置配合,比如与弹性或柔性盘配合,来改变施加电压时所产生的效果。
有两种基本类型的EAPs并且每种有多种构造。该两种基本类型是纤维束和层压形式。纤维束由大约在30-50微米的纤维构成。这些纤维可以被织成非常类似于织物的一束并且因此常被称为EAP纱。这种类型的EAP在施加电压时收缩。电极通常由中央线芯和导电的外套组成,该外套还用来包含围绕纤维束的离子流体。一种可以在市场上买到的纤维EAP材料的例子由Santa Fe Science and Technology生产并且以商标PANIONTM纤维出售,而且在美国专利No.6,667,825中有描述,该专利的内容在此全部引入以供参考。
另一种类型是层压结构,其由一层EAP聚合物、一层离子凝胶和两个连接到所述层压件的每一侧上的柔性板构成。当施加电压时,方形的层压板沿一个方向膨胀,并且沿垂直方向收缩。一种可以在市场上买到的层压(板形)EAP材料的例子来自于Artificial Muscle Inc,其为SRI实验室的一个部门。板形EAP材料还可以从日本的EAMEX得到,其被称为薄膜EAP。
应当注意的是,EAPs在被加电时体积不变;它们仅仅是沿一个方向膨胀或收缩,而在横向上则与之相反地变化。可以通过将一侧包含到刚性结构上并将另一侧更像活塞一样的使用而以其基本形式使用层压形式。层压形式还可以被粘接到柔性板的任意一侧上。当给柔性板EAP的一侧加电时,其沿相反方向扩张弯曲柔性板。依据加电侧的不同,这允许该板在任一方向上弯曲。
EAP致动器通常由许多层或者成束的纤维一起组成,以便配合工作。EAP的机械构造确定EAP致动器和其运动的能力。可以将EAP形成长绳并且缠绕在单个中心电极上。柔性的外部外套管将为致动器形成另一个电极并且装有该装置的功能所必需的离子流体。在这种结构中,当将电场施加到电极上时,EAP绳缩短。EAP致动器的这种构造被称为纤维EAP致动器。同样,可以在柔性板的每一侧上以多层放置层压结构或者仅仅在其自身上放置多层以增加其性能。典型的纤维结构具有2-4%的有效应力,典型的层压形式利用更高的电压可获得20-30%。然而,应当理解的是,这些性能范围不是限定的。
例如,层压EAP材料可以由连接到EAP层上的正板电极层形成,该EAP层又连接到离子细胞层上,而离子细胞层又连接到负板电极层上。多个层压EAP复合材料可以通过它们之间的粘合剂层以堆叠的方式固定,以形成EAP板状致动器。可以理解的是,相对的EAP致动器可以被形成为沿任一方向有选择性地弯曲。
收缩式EAP纤维致动器可以包括纵向的铂阴极电线,该阴极电线穿过绝缘的聚合物近端帽,然后经过一细长的圆柱形腔体,该圆柱形腔体形成于经导电涂层以作为阳极使用的塑料圆柱形壁内。铂阴极电线的远端被嵌入绝缘的聚合物远端帽内。许多收缩聚合物纤维与阴极电线平行地布置并且围绕该阴极电线,它们的端部被嵌入到相应的端帽中。塑料圆柱形壁沿圆周围绕相应的端帽连接,以包围圆柱形腔体来将填充位于收缩聚合纤维和阴极电线之间的空间的离子流体或凝胶密封。当经过圆柱形壁(阳极)和阴极电线施加电压时,离子流体进入收缩的聚合物纤维内,使它们的外径膨胀,同时长度相应地收缩,由此将各端帽拉向彼此。
击发和自动缩回
尤其参考图2-5,击发扳柄34围绕连接到壳体154上的击发扳柄销202枢转。击发致动器被显示在击发扳柄34的上部204,当朝着手枪式握柄36按压击发扳柄34时,所述击发致动器围绕击发扳柄销202朝远侧移动,从而拉伸放置在近侧的击发扳柄拉伸弹簧206(图3),该拉伸弹簧在近侧连接到击发扳柄34的上部204和壳体154之间。在每次击发扳柄被弹簧偏压式侧向卡爪机构210按压的过程中,击发扳柄34的上部204与链式齿条200接合,而当释放击发扳柄34时,该上部也脱离。
特别的是,由在每个链节196a-196d中的在近侧且面朝右的倾斜表面284形成的倾斜的右侧轨道282由侧向卡爪组件285接合。特别地,卡爪滑块(梭)270(图3,6)具有右和左下部导向件272,所述导向件分别在形成于闭合轭162上且位于齿条通道291下方的左轨道274(图3,6)中以及平行于齿条通道291并且连接到齿条通道盖277上的闭合轭滑道276中的右轨道275中滑动,所述齿条通道盖闭合在卡爪滑块270的行程远侧的闭合轭162中的齿条通道291的向右开口部分。在图3,6中,将压缩弹簧278连接在闭合轭滑道276上处于顶部近侧位置的钩279和卡爪滑块270的远侧右侧上的钩280之间,这保持卡爪滑块270朝近侧受拉以与击发扳柄34的上部204接触。为了清楚起见,其它图忽略了压缩弹簧278。
尤其参考图6,卡爪块318位于围绕垂直的后部销320枢转的卡爪滑块270上,所述后部销穿过卡爪块318和卡爪滑块270的左侧近端角。推出块凹部322在块318的顶部表面的远侧部分上形成以接纳推出块324,所述推出块通过垂直销326以枢转方式锁定在所述凹部中,所述垂直销的底端延伸在到卡爪滑块270的顶部表面上的卡爪弹簧凹槽328中。在卡爪弹簧凹槽328中的卡爪弹簧330延伸到垂直的前部销326的右侧,从而推动卡爪块318逆时针旋转(从上面看时)以与倾斜的右侧轨道282接合。在推出块凹部322中的小卷簧332推动推出块324顺时针旋转(从上面看时),推动其近端与在位于齿条通道291之上的闭合轭162中形成的轮廓的凸缘334接触。
卡爪弹簧330比小卷簧332有更强的机械优点意味着卡爪块318趋向于与顺时针旋转的推出块324接合。在图5中,当击发扳柄34被完全压下并且开始释放时,推出块324在卡爪滑块270缩回时遇到在轮廓凸缘334上的脊部336,迫使推出块324顺时针旋转(从上面看时),并由此将卡爪块318推出脱离与链式齿条200的接合。推出块凹部322的形状应在垂直于轮廓凸缘334的取向上停止推出块324的顺时针旋转(图10),从而在完全缩回的过程中保持该脱离状态,由此消除了啮合噪音。
除了包含前述的EAP锁定机构150的上述改进之外,手柄20在两个共同拥有的美国专利申请中被更详细地描述,这两个均于2005年2月7日提交的专利申请的系列号为11/052,387和11/052,632,上述申请的全部公开内容在此引入作为参考。
EAP击发卡爪锁定机构的操作
在图7-12中,所示出的侧向卡爪组件285处在执行击发的锁定的操作中。具体地说,在图7-9中,通过在闭合轭162和闭合轭滑道276之间受到纵向引导而沿横向限制卡爪滑块270。缓冲弹簧201沿横向延伸至卡爪滑块270的左边并抵靠在链式齿条200的相邻链节196a的水平凹槽205上,并将链式齿条200推动到在闭合轭162中形成的齿条通道291的左边。EAP块状致动器207在去致动状态下沿横向缩短,并被限制在闭合轭162中的向右开口的水平狭槽209中。因此,当击发扳柄34从其松驰位置(图8)被牵引到其压下位置(图12)时,击发扳柄34的顶部204推进卡爪滑块270,而卡爪块318不会与链节196a的在近侧且面朝右倾斜的表面284接合。因此,没有将力施加到链式齿条200上,所述链式齿条在不期望出现的击发情况下必须在下游被阻挡。
闭合EAP阻挡锁定
在图13-15中,一种替代的阻挡锁定机构600可以被包含到与上述相同的外科缝合和切割器械610中,但还增加了被容纳在位于手柄620的手柄壳体654的左半个壳体658中的凹槽614内的EAP致动器612。左半个壳体658包括一个闭合轭导向柱159,所述导向柱与在闭合轭162的左侧上形成的水平矩形长孔669中滑动,当闭合轭162被在近侧定位且砧板14打开时,导向柱159如图14所示在孔669中处于远侧位置。该导向柱159向内突出以接合连接管131,所述连接管的近侧开口的凹腔接纳链节196a,196b(图15)。在图14中,EAP致动器612处于其横向延伸的去致动状态,卡在位于导向柱659后部的水平的矩形长孔669内。因此,将闭合轭162锁定在其向近侧缩回的位置中。在图15中,EAP致动器612被致动,向左收缩,脱出在闭合轭162上的矩形孔669,所述闭合轭已经朝远侧前进以闭合砧板14(未在图13-15中示出)。
应当理解的是,许多腹腔镜和内窥镜外科器械在手柄中包括至少一个可移动构件,所述可移动构件可被改进为包括孔或类似的接合特征,以横向地接纳EAP锁定机构。因此,尽管外科缝合和切割器械受益于这样的锁定,但是许多其它类型的器械也是有益的。
多冲程击发机构的手动缩回
如同样在前面提及的系列号为NO.11/052,387和11/052,632的美国专利申请中所述,在图3,5和16-21中,外科缝合和切割器械10包括手动缩回机构500,该机构提供了击发位置指示,击发机构的手动释放以及手动缩回。齿轮机构502还用于可视地指示击发行程的进程和手动地缩回刀具。前空转齿轮220啮合链式齿条200的有齿的上部左侧表面222(图3,18-20)。该前空转齿轮220还啮合具有一个更小的右侧棘轮231的后空转齿轮230。前空转齿轮220和后空转齿轮230都与分别在前空转轴232和后空转轴234上的手柄壳体154可旋转地连接。后轴232的每个端部延伸通过相应的右和左半个壳体156,158,并且被连接到左和右刻度指示轮40,41上。由于后轴234在手柄壳体154中自由旋转并且与后齿轮230通过键接合,因此刻度指示轮40,41随后齿轮230旋转。可以有利地选择在链式齿条200,空转齿轮220和后齿轮230之间的齿轮关系,从而使有齿的上表面222具有适当坚固的齿尺寸,并且在联动传动击发机构150的整个击发行程中后齿轮230旋转不超过一圈。
后空转齿轮230的较小的右侧棘轮231延伸到手动缩回杆42的毂506中,特别地与平分毂506的垂直的纵向对齐的狭槽508(图16)对准。毂506的侧向通孔510与上部凹槽512连通。将前部514成形为接纳指向近侧的锁定卡爪516,该锁定卡爪围绕在上部凹槽512的远端中形成的向右的横向销518枢转。将后部520成形为接纳L形弹簧片522,该弹簧片向下推动锁定卡爪516以与右侧的较小棘轮231啮合。当手动缩回杆42在下方时(图19),停止结构524(图19)从右半个壳体156伸入到上部凹槽512中,阻止锁定卡爪516与较小的右侧棘轮231接合。卷簧525(图3)向下推动手动缩回杆42。
在使用中,如图18-19所示,组合式拉伸/压缩弹簧184可以与在远侧定位的链式齿条分离。在图20-21中,当抬起手动缩回杆42时,锁定卡爪516顺时针旋转,不再被停止结构524阻止并且与较小的右侧棘轮231接合,从而顺时针旋转后空转齿轮230(从左侧看时)。因此,前空转齿轮220响应,逆时针缩回链式齿条200。此外,向右弯曲的脊部530从毂506伸出,并且尺寸被设置成当转动手动缩回杆42直到接触止动件531时接触并朝远侧移动防倒转释放杆248,以释放防倒转机构250。
手动缩回机构中的EAP击发锁定机构
在图22-23中,EAP锁定机构550有利地装在手动缩回杆24′的改进的毂506′中。将上部凹槽514′的远侧形状制成为用于接纳EAP锁定构件519的保持端517的狭槽513,并将上部凹槽512′的近侧形状制成用于接纳锁定柱塞521的致动器凹槽527,所述锁定柱塞抵靠EAP锁定构件519的自由端523。如图22所示,当EAP锁定构件519被去致动时,相对的压缩弹簧529朝远侧将锁定柱塞521推离致动器凹槽527。锁定柱塞521迫使L形弹簧片522和锁定卡爪516向下与右侧的较小棘轮231啮合,从而防止击发。有利的是,尽管锁定了进一步的击发,但医生可以手动地缩回击发机构。在图23中,EAP锁定构件519被致动,从而向近侧膨胀,朝近侧迫使锁定柱塞521进入致动器凹槽527中,以允许锁定卡爪516在L形片簧522上接合并且因此允许击发。
击发扳柄EAP锁定机构
在图24-28中,EAP锁定机构800有利地装在手柄820中以抵靠着形成于击发扳柄834的上端804上的锁定脊部802地锁定EAP锁定致动器822。EAP锁定致动器822受到限制以通过在手柄壳体854中形成的致动器导向件835向下且略微地向远侧移动。在图24-25中,EAP致动器822由EAP构件855组成,所述EAP构件具有被保持在致动器凹槽835的顶端中的固定端857,而移动端859被保持在致动器活塞861中。包围EAP构件855的压缩弹簧863具有抵接致动器凹槽835的上端的上端865和抵接致动器活塞861的下端869。将硬的尖端865连接到致动器活塞861的暴露端上以对应于邻近击发扳柄834的锁定脊部802的凹槽表面867。如图24,26所示,EAP构件855通常膨胀,并且该硬的尖端865抵接凹槽表面867,从而阻止击发扳柄834的锁定脊部802向前旋转。在图25中,EAP构件855被缩短以向上牵拉致动器活塞861和硬的尖端865,并且挤压弹簧863,由此允许按压击发扳柄834。
应当理解的是,类似的EAP锁定机构可以被包含到用于外科缝合和切割器械的闭合扳柄中,所述器械具有两个扳柄以代替执行两种功能的一个扳柄。
尽管通过对几个实施例的描述用图示说明了本发明,而且尽管相当详细地描述了所图示的实施例,但是本申请的目的并不是约束或以任何方式将后附的权利要求的范围限制到这些具体细节。另外的优点和改进对于本领域的普通技术人员来说是显而易见的。
应当理解的是,在此使用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是参照抓握器械手柄的外科医生而言的。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的手柄20处于远侧。类似的术语例如“前”和“后”同样分别对应于远侧和近侧。应当进一步理解的是,为了方便和清楚起见,在此处使用的空间术语例如“垂直”和“水平”是相对于附图而言。然而,可以在许多取向和位置上使用外科器械,并且这些术语并不意味着是限制性的和绝对的。
本发明就腹腔镜和内窥镜手术和设备进行了论述。然而,此处使用的术语例如“内窥镜”不应当被解释为将本发明限制在仅与腹腔镜插管(即套管针)结合使用的外科缝合和切割器械。相反,认为本发明能用于将进入限制在小切口的任何手术中,包括但不限于其它腹腔镜手术以及开放式手术。
与本发明相一致的应用可以包括整体式击发齿条,而不是链式齿条。
链式齿条200用作致动执行部分22的击发构件一个近侧接合部分。应当理解的是,摩擦接合可被用来代替弹簧偏压式侧向卡爪组件285,例如在未审定且共同拥有的美国专利申请No.10/673,662中所描述的,该申请的申请人为Jeffrey S.Swayze等人,发明名称为“具有包含牵引偏压式棘轮机构的多冲程击发的外科缝合器械”,其全部公开内容在此引入作为参考。
另外,侧向卡爪组件285对其左侧的链式齿条200的定向是说明性的。应当理解的是,链式齿条或整体齿条可以被定向在连接到击发扳柄的选择性接合构件(例如弹簧偏压式卡爪,牵引偏压式构件)的上方、下方或右侧。
在上述的形式中,侧向卡爪为弹簧,该弹簧被偏压成与齿条200接合,但当在释放击发扳柄时朝近侧运动中,所述弹簧保持脱离接合。该弹簧偏压卡爪滑块以避免接合,除非由EAP锁定致动器克服。还应当理解的是,与本发明一致的应用可以包括EAP锁定致动器,其将卡爪偏压成与击发机构的齿条接合。因此,卡爪可以被偏压到脱离接合。当感知到击发扳柄时,被连接到击发扳柄上的传感器使EAP锁定致动器能被按压但不能被释放。将EAP锁定致动器致动(任意地满足其它前提),从而驱使卡爪与齿条接合。
在上述的形式中,齿条和卡爪接合被有利地描述为提供将击发运动从击发扳柄强有力地传递到击发杆。应当理解的是,与本申请一致的应用可以包括在击发构件的近侧部分和诸如击发扳柄的击发致动器之间的摩擦接合。通过产生间距或者防止粘结偏转(例如,纱门缓冲锁定),EAP锁定致动器可以防止粘接接触。
尽管在许多应用中希望锁定即使在无动力甚至失灵的情况下仍默认为锁定状态,但是应当理解的是,与本发明一致的应用可以包括被电致动且默认为解锁状态的锁定机构,尤其当被锁定机构阻止的击发运动需要动力时。作为进一步的替代方案,双稳态锁定装置可以保持在锁定或解锁状态,直到电动致动器触发锁定机构的状态。
作为另一个示例,锁定机构可以包括一EAP致动器,它定位在与齿条相对的卡爪滑块的一个相对侧上,以将卡爪滑块推向齿条。此外,该EAP致动器可以连接到卡爪滑块上或者连接到靠近卡爪滑块的手柄的一个相对静止的部件上。
作为又一个示例,驱使击发构件(例如,齿条)的近侧接合部分远离接合机构(例如,卡爪/卡爪滑块)的锁定机构的偏压可以包括固定到击发构件的近侧接合部分的内表面和/或接合机构上的材料的弹性条带。
尽管电活化聚合物具有许多优点,但是在与本发明一致的一些应用中,电动致动器可以被例如螺线管替代。

Claims (6)

1.一种外科器械,包括:
细长轴;
被接纳在所述细长轴中以用于运动的控制构件;
端部执行器,其具有可操作的构造以响应从所述控制构件接收的控制运动而致动;
手柄,其在近侧连接到所述细长轴上以通过手术切口定位所述端部执行器;
控制致动器,其连接到所述手柄上以用于运动并且连接到所述控制构件上,所述控制致动器具有可操作的构造以在用户输入时从第一位置移动到第二位置,从而产生控制运动;
控制电路,其具有可操作的构造以产生起动信号;以及
电动致动器,其被偏压成与在所述第一位置的所述控制致动器锁定接触以防止运动到第二位置,并且被偏压以响应所述起动信号而从所述控制致动器解锁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述电动致动器包括电活化聚合物致动器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述控制致动器包括扳柄。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述控制致动器包括纵向往复运动的构件,该构件包括锁定孔,所述电动致动器包括被弹簧偏压成通过所述锁定孔插入的锁定栓。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述电动致动器进一步包括被可操作地构造成从所述锁定孔缩回所述锁定栓的电活化聚合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其特征在于,所述控制致动器进一步包括齿条,所述外科器械进一步包括由棘轮机构连接到所述齿条上的手动缩回杆,所述电动致动器包括消除啮合的卡爪锁定件。
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CN1726878A (zh) 2006-02-01
CN100579470C (zh) 2010-01-13
CN1726877A (zh) 2006-02-01
CN100515349C (zh) 2009-07-22
CN1726876A (zh) 2006-02-01
CN1732857A (zh) 2006-02-15
RU2005123979A (ru) 2007-02-10
CN100569189C (zh) 2009-12-16
MXPA05008046A (es) 2006-02-10
BRPI0503041A (pt) 2006-03-14
CN1745719A (zh) 2006-03-15
JP4902973B2 (ja) 2012-03-21
CN100566667C (zh) 2009-12-09
JP2006034980A (ja) 2006-02-09
CN1732855A (zh) 2006-02-15
CN1745720A (zh) 2006-03-15
RU2005123961A (ru) 2007-02-10
US20060022015A1 (en) 2006-02-02
CN100500104C (zh) 2009-06-17
CA2512977C (en) 2014-12-09
CN1732859B (zh) 2010-07-07
CN1726874A (zh) 2006-02-01
CN100579467C (zh) 2010-01-13
CA2512977A1 (en) 2006-01-28
CN100569188C (zh) 2009-12-16
CN1745720B (zh) 2010-12-15
BRPI0503039A (pt) 2006-03-14
CN100579468C (zh) 2010-01-13
CN1732859A (zh) 2006-02-15
US7143925B2 (en) 2006-12-05
CN1726875A (zh) 2006-02-01
CN1732856A (zh) 2006-02-15

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