CN100531814C - 医用针的安全防护装置 - Google Patents

医用针的安全防护装置 Download PDF

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CN100531814C
CN100531814C CNB2003801048845A CN200380104884A CN100531814C CN 100531814 C CN100531814 C CN 100531814C CN B2003801048845 A CNB2003801048845 A CN B2003801048845A CN 200380104884 A CN200380104884 A CN 200380104884A CN 100531814 C CN100531814 C CN 100531814C
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medical needle
distal portions
guard shield
flange
spare
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CN1741829A (zh
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F·马克·费尔古松
丹尼尔·K·史密斯
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Covidien LP
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Abstract

提供一种医用针的防护装置,包括第一圆柱,如护罩,它可从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置,以将医用针仪器的针的远端装入,护罩包括安装在所述医用针仪器上的凸缘,护罩进一步包括从凸缘延伸地近端部分,从近端部分延伸地远端部分。远端部分构造成可在延伸位置将所述针的远端装入。近端部分包括一接合面,可接合以推动护罩从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置,凸缘包括护挡件,该护挡件从凸缘延伸并置于临近护罩在缩进位置时的远端部分的位置,以便防止护罩通过远端部分的接合意外伸出。

Description

医用针的安全防护装置
相互参照的有关申请
本申请是于2002年6月6日Ferguson等人向美国专利商标局提交的美国实用专利申请No.10/164,944的部分继续申请,本申请也是于2001年6月27日Ferguson等人向美国专利商标局提交的美国实用专利申请No.09/892,593的部分继续申请,而且要求于2001年3月14日Thorne等人向美国专利商标局提交的临时美国专利申请No.60/275,886的优先权。这些申请的每份公开的内容全部引入在此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明总体涉及医用针的安全防护装置,更具体地涉及可延伸性安全护罩,其使用手动致动器使安全护罩从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置。
背景技术
意外针刺伤害是以下领域种众所周知的问题,如血液采集,经皮医学注射和其他涉及使用医用针的医疗处理。由于现代人对艾滋病,肝炎和其他严重的血源病原体的敏感,因此人们非常重视针刺伤害危险的问题。
通常从患者身上拔出针的过程,要求临床医生先照顾伤口然后处理针。在没有安全防护的普通针的情况下,这种优先处理或者要求可够到范围内的能方便地提供尖的容器,或者要求不离开患者身边的安全处理措施的其它装置。这样,遵照安全处理而加倍小心是很困难的,往往要受制于患者的物理环境和精神状态,如在烧伤病房和精神病院。在这种环境下,在看护患者的同时,适当处理用过的针是对现有技术的挑战。
与针看管和处理有关的问题有着广泛的知识和历史,并有许多防止针刺的仪器。有些仪器利用分开的保护套或帽装在使用过的针上,然而,这些仪器要求使用者两双手操作。
另一种已知的仪器是用有弹簧驱动,套入,铰链等的保护套,然而,这些仪器不足在于不发射、因疏忽造成动作或发射的麻烦。现有仪器进一步的缺点是由于复杂和部件多造成的高生产花费。这样,这些类型的现有技术的仪器不能充分可靠地保障针注射和、或体液收集装置避免伤害发生。
因此,依然需要提供针安全仪器更满意的解决方案,来克服现有技术的缺点和不足。这样,需要提供更合适可靠的医用针防护装置,使用可延伸性安全护罩防止针造成的伤害发生。这种针的防护装置应容易而可靠地伸出保护针插管的针尖护套。希望针防护装置能够用单手操作使其动作。更希望医用针防护装置易于装配和生产。
发明内容
因此,本发明满足医用针的防护装置的需要,为使用后的医用针尖提供有效和廉价的保护。本发明克服了现有技术中的缺点和不足。更具体的,本发明的装置和方法在安全针仪器领域有重要的改进。
在具体的实施例,根据本发明原理提供一种医用针的防护装置。该医用针的防护装置包括第一圆柱,例如,护罩,其可从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置以将医用针仪器的针的远端装入,该护罩包括安装在医用针仪器上的凸缘,该护罩进一步包括从凸缘延伸的近端部分和从近端部分延伸的远端部分,远端部分构造成可在延伸位置将针的远端装入,近端部分包括一接合面,可接合以推动护罩从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置,凸缘包括护挡件,护挡件从凸缘延伸并置于护罩在缩进位置时的远端部分的邻近位置,以便防止护罩通过远端部分的接合意外伸出。
凸缘可包括护挡件支柱,该支柱从中伸出并支撑地连接到护挡件。远端部分可包括平面部分,安置在远端部分的近侧,保护性地邻近护挡件,该护挡件防止平面部分被用于拉伸护罩到延伸位置。护挡件可保护性地安置在邻近远端部分的位置,以便防止护罩通过远端部分的轴向和垂直方向运动。护挡件的尺寸和形状与远端部分相关,以防止与远端部分接合。
选择性地,接合面包括手动致动器,用于操作护罩到延伸位置。凸缘包括插销件,可与远端部分上的锁扣件接合,可释放地将护罩固锁在缩进位置。远端部分包括与针接合的支轴,以利于护罩从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置。远端部分包括平面表面和鼻部,鼻部至少包括一部分平面表面,鼻部限定一个空腔,将针安置其中,空腔由侧壁和平面表面限定。远端部分包括锁件,与针接合以在延伸位置固定护罩。近端部分可包括锁件,而远端部分包括锁件,两锁件相互配合以在延伸位置固定护罩。
在选择性的实施例,该医用针的防护装置包括第一圆柱,第一圆柱包括凸缘,凸缘有一个限定了一个腔的内表面,内表面包括至少一个向内径向凸出的凸缘挡块。第二圆柱构造成与医用针仪器装配,第二圆柱的外表面包括至少一个径向向外凸出的近端挡块和至少一个径向凸出的远端挡块,凸缘装配成相对于第二圆柱旋转运动,以使第二圆柱的外表面安置在凸缘的空腔内。至少一个凸缘挡块安置在邻近第二圆柱的外表面的位置,以使至少一个近端挡块防止凸缘相对于医用针仪器的纵轴向远端的轴向运动,至少一个远端挡块防止凸缘向近端的轴向运动。
第一圆柱可包括护罩,可从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置以将医用针仪器的针的远端装入。护罩进一步包括从凸缘延伸的近端部分和从近端部分延伸的远端部分,远端部分构造成可将针的远端装入。
凸缘可包括多个凸缘挡块而第二圆柱可包括多个近端挡块和多个远端挡块。多个凸缘挡块可围绕凸缘内表面等距分布,而多个近端挡块可围绕第二圆柱外表面等距分布,而多个远端挡块可围绕第二圆柱外表面等距分布。
选择性地,第二圆柱可包括压环,围绕第二圆柱以压配合接合安装,以将第二圆柱固定安装在医用针仪器。第二圆柱与医用针仪器可通过粘合剂安装。选择性地,第二圆柱包括盖件,该盖件有可与第二遮盖部分连接的第一遮盖部分,两部分协作支撑医用针仪器,第二圆柱进一步包括带有与活塞接合的夹持沟槽件的盖件底座。第一遮盖部分与第二遮盖部分闭锁接合。夹持沟槽件可安置在医用针仪器近端附近。第一遮盖部分与第二遮盖部分用枢轴连接在一起。
附图说明
通过参考结合附图的详细描述,本发明的其他的目的和优点对于本领域的技术人员来说将更容易理解。
图1是依据本发明原理的医用针防护装置的部分切除透视图;
图2是图1所示的医用针防护装置的分解透视图;
图3是图1所示的医用针防护装置的部分分解透视图;
图4是图1所示的医用针防护装置选择性实施例的部分切除透视图;
图5是图4所示的医用针防护装置的分解透视图;
图6是图1所示的医用针安全防护装置另一个选择性实施例的透视图;
图7是图6所示的医用针防护装置的部分分解透视图;
图8是图6所示的医用针防护装置的分解透视图;
图9是图6所示的医用针防护装置选择性实施例的分解透视图;
图10是图6所示的医用针防护装置另一个选择性实施例的分解透视图;
图11是图6所示的医用针防护装置另一个选择性实施例的透视图;
图12是图11所示的医用针防护装置的部分分解透视图;
图13是图11所示的医用针防护装置的分解透视图;以及
图14是图6所示的医用针防护装置另一个选择性实施例的透视图。
具体实施方式
这里公开的医用针的防护装置的示范实施例和操作方法是涉及静脉液体注射、医用注射和体液采集的医用针等,而更具体的,是医用针防护仪器,此仪器与包括针插管的针防护装置共同使用,而该装置可以避免针的损坏以及可能产生针插管暴露的危险,例如,通过因疏忽造成的针刺。针插管可以在使用中被防护,这里的使用包括储存、运输、液体注射和/或采集,以及后续活动,等等。然而可以理解,本发明广泛应用于将预防药物、药剂、治疗剂等注射至对象的插管针和仪器。同样可以理解到,本发明可以在体液采集中使用,包括在静脉切开术、消化液、尿液、兽医等方面的相关步骤的使用。而且该医用针防护仪器可在其他医用针应用中使用,包括饲喂器、静脉切开器、导管、导管导引器、导引线导引器、脊柱和硬脑膜及活组织切片检查、透析、血液捐赠、Veress针、Huber针,等等。
在下面的叙述中,术语“近端”代表结构上靠近临床医生的部分,术语“远端”代表与临床医生较远的部分。如这里所用的,术语“对象”代表接受注射或使用医用针防护装置进行血液或体液采集的病人。根据本发明,术语“临床医生”代表执行注射、进行体液采集、能够从医用针防护装置中装载或拔除针插管的人,而且还包括协助人员。
下面的叙述包括对依照本发明的医用针防护装置的描述。参照在公开的示范实施例中详细叙述,并结合附图中所示描述。
现在参照图,其中相同部件在几个视图中用相同参考标号表示。先参照图1-4,描述了一个医用针防护装置100,包括第一圆柱,例如可延伸性护罩102,它可以从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置,以装入医用针仪器106的针104的远端。护罩102包括安装在医用针仪器106上的凸缘108。一近端部分(例如近端段110)从凸缘108延伸而来。一远端部分(例如远端段112)从近端段110延伸而来。远端段112的结构可将针104的远端包围。
可考虑,护罩102可能包括一个或多段。近端部分110包括一个接合面114,它可接合以便推动护罩102从缩进位置至延伸位置。凸缘108包括护挡件116,它从凸缘108延伸并在护罩102处于缩进位置时位于与远端段112靠近的位置。这种结构能较有效防止护罩102通过远端部分112的接合而意外伸出。
医用针防护装置的部件可用适合医用仪器的材料制成,例如,聚合材料或金属,如不锈钢,取决于特定的医学应用和/或临床医生的偏好。半刚性的和刚性的聚合物与弹性材料,例如模制医用级聚丙烯可考虑用于制造。然而,本领域技术人员将意识到,根据本发明,适宜装配和制造的其他材料和加工方法也是合适的。
凸缘108围绕医用针仪器106周向设置。可以理解的是,凸缘108可能有不同横截面的结构,相应于医用针仪器106的结构。护挡件116从凸缘108径向向外延伸,且具有相应于鼻部130的构型。此邻接结构防止与远端段112的轴向接合,从而防止护罩102意外活动。可以理解的是,护挡件116可以有不同的结构和尺寸,以防止护罩102的意外活动。
护挡件116可包括一个护挡件支柱136,为护挡件116提供增加的强度,以承受意外接合。护挡件支柱136有一个角形支撑结构,且可以根据具体的针应用的要求有不同的尺寸和不同的几何构形。护挡件116可以与凸缘108整体成型或通过搭扣接合、粘接等方式整体地装配。
医用针仪器106包括,例如,注射器118。注射器有一个针插管104,通过针支架120延伸。
远端段112与近端段110铰接使护罩102能伸到延伸位置。近端段110的接合面114可以包含一个手动致动器128。手动致动器128可由临床人员操作,迫使护罩102从缩进位置移至延伸位置。手动致动器128与凸缘108铰接。当操作手动致动器128,近端段110迫使远端段112大致沿轴向向远端运动,这样远端段112与针插管104接合,推动护罩102伸出。远端段112的鼻部130有一个平面表面132。在护罩102的延伸位置,鼻部130在平面表面132的协助下将针插管104的远端基本上包围住。
凸缘108有一个内表面142,该表面限定了凸缘腔126。内表面142包含至少一个第一互锁件,如向内径向凸出的凸缘挡块146。凸缘挡块146在凸缘腔126内均匀凸起,以便与第二圆柱(例如,安装环148)接合。这种配置使护罩102和注射器118的安装变得容易。可以理解的是,可以采用一个或多个凸缘挡块146。更进一步可以想到,凸缘挡块146可以不均匀的方式凸起或凸出以包含一个环孔,所述方式包括,例如,交错,偏置,波浪形的等等。
安装环148设计为与注射器118一起安装。这种结构使护罩102和注射器118的安装更容易。安装环148有一个外表面150,该表面至少包含一个第二互锁件,例如多个径向向外凸出的近端挡块162,以及多个径向向外凸出的远端挡块160。近端挡块162与远端挡块160是沿外表面150周向等距分布的。近端挡块162与远端挡块160从外表面150上均匀凸起,以便在凸缘腔126内布置。可以想到采用一个或多个挡块162、160。可以进一步想到,挡块162、160可以不均匀的方式凸起或凸出以包含一个环孔,所述方式包括,例如,交错,偏置,波浪形的等等。第一和第二互锁件防止在近端方向及轴向的运动。可以加上第三个互锁件以防止转动。
安装环148可通过粘合剂、压配合等安装到注射器118上,其中的粘合剂包括,例如,压敏粘合剂,紫外线激活粘合剂,热固粘合剂,单元和/或双元粘合剂,橡胶胶水,“万能胶”型粘合剂,固体胶粘合剂,风干粘合剂等。显然可以不用安装环。凸缘108也可以类似地安装在注射器118上。
凸缘108安装成可以相对安装环148转动,以使外表面150置于凸缘腔126内。凸缘挡块146置于与外表面150邻接处。凸缘108相对于安装环148转动,以使凸缘挡块146定向为与近端挡块162和远端挡块160成互锁型设置。于是,近端挡块162与凸缘挡块146对齐以防止凸缘108相对于注射器118向纵轴的远端轴向运动。远端挡块160与凸缘挡块146对齐以防止凸缘108向近端的轴向运动。
这种结构有效防止了护罩102从注射器118脱落。进一步,这种结构在例如,低角度皮下注射等情况下避免了通过医用针仪器106进行液体给药的阻力。于是,凸缘108可相对于安装环148转动,该安装环安装在注射器118上,并有利于针插管104的针斜面的定向。这样使得针斜面可相对于护罩102进行选择性定向,以使护罩102在采用注射器118给药过程中不与给药位置干涉。可考虑,第一圆柱可包括护罩102或安装环148,而第二圆柱可包括护罩102或安装环148。
参照图4和5,显示了类似于所述的安装环148的可选实施例。安装环148外表面150有一个凸缘部分170,和由此延伸的可夹持部分172。近端挡块162和远端挡块160由外表面150形成。可夹持部分172可与夹持环166容纳接合。相应的,夹持环166限定了用于可夹持部分172的远端的夹持孔168。安装环148置于凸缘腔126内,与前述类似。夹持环166是一两耳束缚夹。可考虑,夹持环166可选择性地为一个单耳束缚夹,无阶梯耳形夹、弹簧夹、推动固定器、推动帽,等等。
控制夹持环166与注射器118定向。安装环148安装于注射器118上,类似前面叙述。夹持环166配合到安装环148的可夹持部分172上,以使安装环148紧密接合于注射器118上。可以理解到夹持环166可安装在安装环148的内表面或外表面150。进一步可以理解到夹持环166可以直接与护罩102的凸缘108共同使用,可类似地安装于凸缘108的内表面或外表面。夹持环166和凸缘108可制造成压配合,使夹持环166和凸缘108成为一个整体压到注射器118上。
参照图6-8,显示了另一个安装环148的可选择性的实施例,类似所述。安装环148包括盖件174,该盖件有第一遮盖部分176,其可与第二遮盖部分178连接。盖件174限定了一个盖腔182且包括位于近端的盖件底座180。盖件174及相应的盖腔182作为注射器118的连接件。安装环148包括近端挡块162和远端挡块160,类似所述,这些结构如所述与凸缘108共同作用使护罩102容易安装于注射器118。
盖件基座180包括基座开口184和夹持沟槽件186。夹持沟槽件186包括夹持沟槽件唇缘188,它限定了一个夹持沟槽件开口190,以容纳注射器118的指状夹持件。夹持沟槽件唇缘188支撑指状夹持件以使注射器118与安装环148的安装更容易,且防止注射器118相对于盖件174的旋转。可以理解到,夹持沟槽件唇缘188可有不同的结构和尺寸以支撑不同的指状夹持件,例如,图14所示。可考虑,指状夹持件结构可以保持活塞在注射器筒内,如图14所示。进一步可以理解到,夹持沟槽件186可以包括夹子、夹钳等等,以使注射器118的安装更容易。
第一遮盖部分176和第二遮盖部分178有相似的结构和尺寸以安装在注射器118上。部分176、178从远端延伸至近端并伸出半个圆柱。可考虑,盖件174可能有不同横截面的结构,如多边形、椭圆形等等。进一步可想到,第一遮盖部分176可以有不同于第二部分遮盖部分178的结构和尺寸。可使用多个遮盖部分,或可选的,每个遮盖部分可由多段装配。在一个可选实施例中,如图9所示,安装环148包括盖件174,它有一个整体成型的管形轴套结构,可滑至注射器118上,以供支撑用。在另一个可选实施例中,如图10所示,安装环148包括盖件174,其具有第一遮盖部分176和第二遮盖部分178,它们沿纵向长度铰接。这一蛤壳形结构围绕注射器118安装,以锁闭接合支撑,其使用了一个阳翼片192和一个阴狭槽194。
第一遮盖部分176包括第一局部连接器,如,阳翼片192和第二遮盖部分178,如,阴狭槽194,它们可选地设置于任一边并设置在近端和远端。第二遮盖部分178与第一遮盖部分176彼此相反,第二遮盖部分178包括阳翼片192和阴狭槽194。第一遮盖部分176的阳翼片192和阴狭槽194分别相对于第二遮盖部分178的阴狭槽194和阳翼片192安置,这样可使第一遮盖部分176与第二遮盖部分178装配并锁闭。在组装第一遮盖部分176和第二遮盖部分178时,阳翼片192与阴狭槽194结合并闭锁。可以理解到,可以使用一个或多个阳翼片192/阴狭槽194组合。进一步可以理解到,阳翼片192/阴狭槽194组合可以在盖件174周围以各种方式分布。可考虑,遮盖部分可通过粘接或焊接如音焊、RF、高温等进行连接。
注射器118置于盖腔182内,以使针插管104从盖件174的远端伸出,且注射器118的指状夹持件从盖件174的近端伸出。这种结构有利地使注射器118和注射器盖件174相对于凸缘108旋转。围绕针插管104周围安装橡胶护套,并将其安装到针支架120上,以防止针插管104远端的有害暴露。
参照图11-13,在一个可选实施例中,注射器118包括活塞198,它有一个活塞杆196,延伸至活塞头200。活塞198装配于注射器118的筒,从而在操作活塞198时,流体可从注射器118中压出。
夹持沟槽件唇缘188横向于注射器118的纵轴延伸,且径向向内。夹持沟槽件唇缘188收缩以限定可滑动容纳活塞杆196的开口。然而,此开口有足够的尺寸以防止活塞头200超出夹持沟槽件186向近端的运动。这种结构有效地防止活塞头200从注射器118的筒内滑脱且避免活塞198从注射器118的偶然性脱落。
本发明可以其他的特定形式实施而不背离本发明精神或必要技术特征。本实施例因此可考虑在阐明的所有方面不受限制,发明保护范围在所附的权利要求书中指出的而不是在前面的叙述中,而所有的在与本发明权利要求等价的内涵和范围内的变化也包括在此之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种医用针的防护装置,包括:
护罩,可从缩进位置延伸至延伸位置,以将医用针仪器的针的远端装入,所述护罩包括安装在所述医用针仪器上的凸缘,所述护罩进一步包括从所述凸缘延伸的近端部分,和从近端部分延伸的远端部分,所述远端部分构造成在延伸位置将所述针的远端装入,
其中所述近端部分包括一接合面,其可接合以推动所述护罩从缩进位置延伸至所述延伸位置,而所述凸缘包括护挡件,该护挡件从凸缘延伸并置于邻近处于所述缩进位置的所述护罩的所述远端部分的位置,以便防止所述护罩通过所述远端部分的接合意外伸出,且所述凸缘还包括插销件,该插销件可与所述远端部分上的锁扣件接合,从而可释放地将所述护罩固锁在所述缩进位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,所述凸缘进一步包括护挡件支柱,所述护裆件支柱从所述凸缘伸出并支撑地连接到所述护挡件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述远端部分包括平面部分,该平面部分安置在所述远端部分的近侧,而当处于缩进位置时保护性地邻近所述护挡件,借此护挡件防止所述平面部分被用于拉伸所述护罩到所述延伸位置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述护挡件保护性地安置在所述远端部分附近,以便防止所述护罩通过所述远端部分在轴向和垂直方向运动。
5.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述护挡件的尺寸和形状与所述远端部分相关,以防止与所述远端部分接合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述接合面包括手动致动器,用于操作所述护罩到所述延伸位置。
7.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述远端部分包括与所述针接合的支轴,以利于所述护罩从所述缩进位置延伸至所述延伸位置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述远端部分包括平面表面和鼻部,所述鼻部包括至少一部分所述平面表面部分,其中所述鼻部限定将所述针安置其中的空腔,所述空腔由侧壁和所述平面表面限定。
9.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述远端部分包括锁件,它与所述针接合以在所述延伸位置固定所述护罩。
10.根据权利要求1所述的医用针的防护装置,其中所述近端部分包括锁件,所述远端部分包括锁件,两锁件相互配合以在所述延伸位置固定所述护罩。
CNB2003801048845A 2002-12-02 2003-12-01 医用针的安全防护装置 Expired - Lifetime CN100531814C (zh)

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