CN101005936A - 用于制造软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头 - Google Patents

用于制造软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头 Download PDF

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CN101005936A
CN101005936A CNA2005800284394A CN200580028439A CN101005936A CN 101005936 A CN101005936 A CN 101005936A CN A2005800284394 A CNA2005800284394 A CN A2005800284394A CN 200580028439 A CN200580028439 A CN 200580028439A CN 101005936 A CN101005936 A CN 101005936A
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melt
film
shower nozzle
distribution structure
spiral distribution
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CN101005936B (zh
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F·马勒
C·拜尔
M·海内克
J·利鲍斯基
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Hosokawa Alpine AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/695—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates
    • B29C48/70—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows
    • B29C48/705—Flow dividers, e.g. breaker plates comprising means for dividing, distributing and recombining melt flows in the die zone, e.g. to create flow homogeneity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/335—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles
    • B29C48/337—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging at a common location
    • B29C48/338—Multiple annular extrusion nozzles in coaxial arrangement, e.g. for making multi-layered tubular articles the components merging at a common location using a die with concentric parts, e.g. rings, cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/007—Using fluid under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92647—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/001—Tubular films, sleeves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由热塑形塑料制造薄膜软管的薄膜喷头。在传统的薄膜喷头中在薄膜上形成混浊条纹或波状区域，即螺旋条纹。为了避免这种不利的薄膜特性，建议一种薄膜喷头，该薄膜喷头具有多个围绕薄膜喷头的中轴线布置的环形缝隙形的熔体通道(9，10，11)，其中内侧的熔体通道的螺旋分配结构(8)设置在相对于薄膜喷头的中轴线位于内侧的边界壁上，并且外熔体流道的螺旋分配结构(6)设置在相对于薄膜喷头的中轴线位于外侧的边界壁上。

Description

用于制造软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1前序部分所述的制造单层或多层软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头。
背景技术
所述类型的薄膜喷头是已知的。用于生产单层软管形薄膜的喷头由一个中央的模芯和一个同心地环绕此模芯的外壳组成。外壳和模芯之间有一环形缝隙，熔体通过该环形缝隙输送到环形缝隙喷嘴。模芯在其外壳面上设置有一个或多个螺旋形的槽，即螺旋分配结构。槽的深度从环形缝隙的起始处到环形缝隙喷嘴逐渐变小。塑料熔体通过一个或多个熔体输入装置输送到螺旋分配结构的槽的起始区域，从而在喷头中的螺旋结构内沿环形缝隙喷嘴的方向输送一部分熔体。由于逐渐变小的槽深度越来越多的熔体通过隔开所述槽的腹板沿轴向输送。
用于多层软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头与用于单层软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头的区别在于，中央的模芯被多个环形元件同轴地包围。这些部件在其外壳面上具有螺旋分配结构。在单个的环形元件之间形成环形缝隙。这些不同的环形缝隙在环形缝隙喷嘴之前汇合。单个环形元件的螺旋分配结构也一个或多个熔体输入装置相连，由此可以向所述螺旋分配结构供应熔体。
在EP 1 055 504 B1中描述了用于多层软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头的另一种结构形式。在这个变型中，嵌入件设计成锥形的，并前后顺序布置。其中在锥形嵌入件的内壳和外壳中分别加工出两条相反的、具有朝通入口方向逐渐变小的深度的螺旋状通道。
在DE 20307412 U1中描述了薄膜喷头结构的另一种变型。在至少一个熔体通道的内侧边界壁以及外侧边界壁中都加工出螺旋分配结构。由此避免了由于斑点引起的薄膜污染。这里，熔体通道内侧和外侧边界壁的螺旋线可以相互重合地或者错开地布置。
螺旋分配结构具有在环形缝隙中均匀分配熔体的功能。熔体通过第一分配结构分配成多个单流，所述单流流入螺旋分配结构的通道中。在螺旋结构中流动的熔体流被继续分配成一跟随螺旋结构的分布方向的切线部分和一通过存在于两螺旋线之间的腹板沿环形缝隙喷嘴的方向流入两环形元件之间缝隙的轴向部分。因此来自所有分配结构通道的轴向和切向熔体流的叠加的熔体在环形出口周边的每个位置上流动。这两个速度分量使得相邻流道的熔体不仅边缘对边缘地接触，而且以较大的接触面相互重叠。由此，由于在此系统中没有粘结缝，可实现期望的机械均质性和高的热均质性。在螺旋分配结构末端，由流入通道的径向熔体流仅形成沿环形缝隙喷嘴的方向轴向流。
为了调整轴向螺旋流，必须在螺旋分配结构起始区域的高度上预设一起始缝隙(Anfangsspalt)。一部分熔体冲击式地从螺旋分配结构的起始区域流入环形缝隙中。此时塑料沿由生产条件决定的起始边缘流动，并受到特别地定向和剪切。这种快速地轴向流动的熔体流排挤上部通道的熔体区域，由此在熔体流之间形成清晰的边界区域，即所谓的螺旋条纹或港线(Portline)。这对薄膜软管的质量有负面的影响。塑料具有记忆效应，因此在薄膜上具有特殊历史(关于荷载，温度等)的位置可以看到混浊条纹或波状区域。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种开头所述类型的薄膜喷头，所述薄膜喷头使得可以在在轴向熔体流之间不产生清晰的、在薄膜上可以作为混浊条纹或波状区域看出的边界区域的情况下生产的薄膜吹制软管。
所述目的可以通过具有权利要求1的特征的薄膜喷头来实现。本发明适宜的实施形式和有利的改进方案在从属权利要求中给出。
可以确定，对于用于多层薄膜的、其分配结构设置在模芯和环形元件的外壳上的喷头，混浊条纹(portline)或波状区域只出现在薄膜吹制软管的外层上。
例如在三层的软管形薄膜中，可以按照相同的方法形成各单独的层。这里薄膜喷头具有三个同心设置的环形缝隙。熔体从位于相应熔体通道的内边界壁上的螺旋分配结构流进环形缝隙。然后熔体在出口通道内汇合。内层和中间层所有受损的熔体区域在三个单独层的汇合以后完全埋入熔体中。在这种状态下，塑料分子发生各种不同的平衡/补偿过程和膨胀过程。只有外薄膜层的受损熔体与喷头外壳的金属表面一直保持接触。这里不发生均匀化，在喷嘴出口后可以在薄膜上看到流动历史。
因此，喷头中关键的组合(结构)是外环形元件腹板和壳体圆柱形的对应面之间的缝隙。为了将外部的螺旋状排出的区域结合到熔体汇流中，将此螺旋分配结构一定程度上镜像设置。不再将螺旋分配结构的螺旋形通道加工到外环形元件的外壳面中，而是加工到壳体的内壳面中。现在沿内侧的方向实现螺旋式的排出，并紧接着与其它层的熔体接触。这样就可以使内层、中间层和外层的受损熔体区域在各单层汇合以后完全埋入到熔体中。这样就可实现没有混浊条纹(Portlines)和波状区域地挤出薄膜。
如果通过利用降低流道深度而只对相对的螺旋形和半圆形的通道进行排出，从而在不采用缝隙-边界壁的组合而实现螺旋地排出，则不会带来有利的结果。
合理设计的螺旋分配结构的特征，比如非常好的薄膜容差和自洁能力等，在本发明中仍然保留下来。
附图说明
本发明其它特征和优点可以从下述实施例以及附图得知。
图1：薄膜喷头的部分剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1中示出了按照本发明的薄膜喷头的一优选实施例的部分剖视图。这是一个用于制造三层软管形薄膜的喷头。
薄膜喷头(1)包含一个内部的圆柱形模芯(3)，该模芯由第一环形元件(5)同心地包围，所述第一环形元件又由第二环形元件(4)包围。该第二环形元件(4)由第三环形元件，这里是壳体(2)同心地包围。在模芯(3)和内环形元件(5)、内环形元件(5)和第二环形元件(4)以及第二环形元件(4)和壳体(2)之间分别形成一环形缝隙(9，10，11)，即熔体通道，所述熔体通道朝环形缝隙喷嘴(12)逐渐变宽。环形缝隙(9，10，11)在环形缝隙喷嘴(12)之前汇合成一个缝隙。
模芯(3)在其外壳面上具有一螺旋分配结构(8)。螺旋结构(螺旋槽)的深度沿环形缝隙喷嘴(12)的方向逐渐减小。螺旋分配结构由一个或多个在相应构件中加工出的槽组成。内环形元件(5)在其外部的外壳面上也具有一螺旋分配结构(7)。所述第二环形元件(4)没有螺旋分配结构。在壳体(2)的内壳面中加工出另一个螺旋分配结构(6)。
通过熔体输入装置(13)将熔体输送到薄膜喷头(1)中，在这里通过这里没有示出的各种不同的分配器输送到螺旋分配结构(6，7，8)的起始部。从螺旋结构起始部起，一方面在螺旋结构中沿切向在环形缝隙(9，10，11)的周边上分配熔体，另一方面在螺旋分配结构和相邻环形元件平坦的圆柱形边界壁之间在环形缝隙(9，10，11)中沿轴向分配熔体。在环形缝隙的上端部，切线方向的分量由于螺旋分配结构的槽深度逐渐变小并由于由此朝环形缝隙喷嘴逐渐变宽的环形缝隙而逐渐减少，而轴向分量持续增加。在环形缝隙喷嘴之前，各熔体流汇合并作为薄膜从薄膜喷头中导出。
由于位于薄膜软管外部的层—即内层和外层—的螺旋式排出(Wendelentladung)朝薄膜软管中心的方向进行，并紧接着与其它层的熔体相接触，这样可以实现无条纹和波纹区地制造薄膜。
如果按本发明的薄膜喷头设想成应该用于多于三层的多层软管形薄膜，在内、外环形元件之间相应地设置其它环形元件，则内熔体通道的螺旋分配结构相对于薄膜喷头的中轴线设置在该熔体通道内侧的边界壁中，最外侧的熔体通道的螺旋分配结构相对于薄膜喷头的中轴线加工在该熔体通道外侧的边界壁中。与此不同，如果薄膜喷头设置成用于制造单层的软管形薄膜，则薄膜喷头由在外周边带有螺旋分配结构的模芯、不带螺旋分配结构的环形元件和内壳上带有螺旋分配结构的壳体组成。
设计成用于制造其中应避免形成螺旋条纹、混浊条纹和波状区域的软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头应该这样来构造，即使外部的螺旋分配结构朝向待制造的薄膜软管的内表面和外表面。
本发明并不局限于前面所述和图中所示的实施例。因此，薄膜喷头可以配备模芯、一环形元件和壳体，也可以根据希望的薄膜软管层数具有多个环形元件。中间的熔体通道的螺旋分配结构可以有选择地设置在所属熔体通道的内侧边界壁或外侧边界壁上。
参考标号表
1         薄膜喷头
2         环形元件，这里是壳体
3         模芯
4，5      环形元件
6，7，8   螺旋分配结构
9，10，11 环形缝隙，熔体通道
12        环形缝隙喷嘴
13        熔体输入装置

Claims (4)

1.用于由热塑性塑料制造单层或多层软管形薄膜的薄膜喷头(1)，包括：一熔体输入装置(13)；多个绕薄膜喷头(1)中轴线同心地设置的、环形缝隙形的熔体通道(9，10，11)，在所述熔体通道具有设置在其边界壁上的螺旋分配结构(6，7，8)；和环形缝隙喷嘴(12)，所述熔体通道通入所述环形喷嘴内，其特征在于，内侧的熔体通道(9)的螺旋分配结构(8)设置在相对于薄膜喷头中轴线位于内侧的边界壁上，而外侧的熔体通道(11)的螺旋分配结构(6)设置在相对于薄膜喷头中轴线位于外侧的边界壁上。
2.按照权利要求1的薄膜喷头(1)，其特征在于，所述熔体通道(9，10，11)具有一带有螺旋分配结构(6，7，8)的边界面和一平坦的圆柱形边界面。
3.按照权利要求1和2的薄膜喷头(1)，其特征在于，螺旋分配结构(6，7，8)具有至少一个螺旋形的槽。
4.按照权利要求1至3的薄膜喷头(1)，其特征在于，螺旋分配结构(6，7，8)的螺旋结构的深度从熔体入口开始沿环形缝隙喷嘴(12)的方向逐渐减小。
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