CN101014968A - 具有截头圆锥体工作区的非接触式支付卡读卡器 - Google Patents

具有截头圆锥体工作区的非接触式支付卡读卡器 Download PDF

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CN101014968A
CN101014968A CNA2005800285895A CN200580028589A CN101014968A CN 101014968 A CN101014968 A CN 101014968A CN A2005800285895 A CNA2005800285895 A CN A2005800285895A CN 200580028589 A CN200580028589 A CN 200580028589A CN 101014968 A CN101014968 A CN 101014968A
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card
reader
workspace
antenna
conical butt
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P·斯梅茨
E·L·H·范德维尔德
D·加勒特
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Mastercard International Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/302—Contactless testing
    • G01R31/308—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/302—Contactless testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K17/00—Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0095—Testing the sensing arrangement, e.g. testing if a magnetic card reader, bar code reader, RFID interrogator or smart card reader functions properly
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10366—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
    • G06K7/10465—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications the interrogation device being capable of self-diagnosis, e.g. in addition to or as part of the actual interrogation process
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
    • G06Q20/327—Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
    • G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
    • G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/0806—Details of the card
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    • G07F7/084—Additional components relating to data transfer and storing, e.g. error detection, self-diagnosis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • H04B5/48—

Abstract

一种非接触式支付卡具有截头圆锥形工作区。该截头圆锥形工作区具有用于向接近式支付卡供电并与之通信的规定的磁场强度。读卡器可用作代表在非接触式支付卡系统中使用的成品读取器的基准读卡器，以在模拟卡的现场使用的条件下测试成品非接触式支付卡。

Description

具有截头圆锥体工作区的非接触式支付卡读卡器
相关申请
本申请声明对2004年7月15日提交的美国临时专利申请No.60/588,270的优先权。本申请还相关于同一天共同提交的序列号为____、____、____和____的美国专利申请，这些申请都声明对前述专利申请No.60/588,270的优先权。所有前述专利申请都通过引用全部结合于此。
背景技术
射频标识(RFID)标签是与天线相连的小型集成电路(IC)，这些RFID标签可取决于IC的大小用简单的标识信息、或用更复杂的信号对询问RF信号作出响应。RFID技术不需要接触或瞄准线来工作。射频标识(RFID)技术现在是经济上可行的，并且在越来越多的工商业应用中使用。例如，RFID技术现在被广泛用于仓库、商店中物品、ID卡或门卡等上的标签。此外，RFID技术已经以嵌有RFID标签的“非接触式”支付或信用卡的形式(例如由MasterCard、American Express和Visa)引入到支付卡行业。这些非接触式支付卡可用来经由与启用RFID的支付终端的无线通信进行电子支付交易。非接触式支付卡可向消费者提供在例如零售店、商店或超市中支付商品和服务的简单、快速和便捷的方法。
若干RFID技术可用于非接触式支付卡和读卡器/终端。非接触式系统的基本组件是非接触式读卡器(或接近式耦合设备(PCD))和应答器。该非接触式读卡器是与电子电路相连的天线。应答器由电感性天线和与该天线的端部相连的集成电路。该组合读卡器-应答器用作变压器。交流电流经初级线圈(读卡器天线)产生磁场，该磁场在次级线圈(应答器天线)中感生电流。应答器将由非接触式读卡器(PCD)发出的电磁场(或RF场)通过二极管整流器转换成DC电压。该DC电压使应答器的内部电路上电。两个天线的配置和调谐决定从一个设备到另一个设备的耦合效率。该应答器可以是非接触式支付卡。
为了使非接触式支付卡系统经济上可行并获得商业认可，即使卡和终端具有专用于特定供卡商/发卡行、供货商或终端制造商的技术特征，非接触式支付卡也必须在所有或大多数启用RFID的支付终端上能互操作。需要行业范围的可互操作性。为此，行业标准组织和团体(例如国际标准组织(ISO)和国际电子技术委员会(IEC))已制定了用于实现非接触式支付技术的非官方行业标准。已由ISO/IEC定义的三种这样的示例性标准是可分别应用于紧耦合(Close Coupling)、接近式(Proximity)和邻近式(Vicinity)卡的ISO/IEC 10536、ISO/IEC 14443和ISO/IEC15693标准。
ISO/IEC14443接近式卡的标准(ISO14443)已用于世界范围内若干非接触式卡的使用。ISO14443接近式卡的目标工作范围最大达10厘米，尽管该范围会取决于功率要求、存储器大小、CPU和协处理器而变化。
ISO14443标准文档具有4个不同部分。
·部分1：物理特征，定义接近式集成电路卡(PICC)的物理尺寸。该卡为ID-1尺寸(85.6mm× 54.0mm×.76mm)。这是与银行信用卡相同的尺寸。
·部分2：射频功率和信号接口，定义非接触式IC芯片的关键技术特征，包括诸如频率、数据速率、调制和位编码过程等事项。在部分2中详述了两种变体一A类接口和B类接口。它们都在相同频率下工作并使用相同数据速率，但它们的不同之处在于调制和位编码范畴。
·部分3：初始化和防冲突。初始化描述对接近式耦合设备(PCD)(即读卡器)和卡的要求，以在卡进入读卡器的射频(RF)场时建立通信。防冲突定义当多个卡同时进入磁场时会发生什么，从而标识系统如何确定在交易中要使用哪张卡，并确保所出示的所有卡已被盘点和处理。
·部分4：传输协议，定义能在交易期间实现通信的数据格式和数据元。
为了使非接触式支付卡和读卡器的系统能顺应于ISO14443，它们必须符合非官方标准的至少一些部分的要求。除了根据ISO14443标准化的非接触式技术，众多专用非接触式接口也在行业中使用(例如Cubic的GO-Card和Sony的FeliCa卡)。随着现有卡技术的使用，互操作性会变成一个问题。由供卡商在市场中使用的读卡器最好应适用若干不同的卡类型。例如，期望的读卡器将支持ISO14443类型A和类型B的卡、ISO15693卡和任何其它专用卡类型。
甚至对于可能顺应于单个ISO标准(例如ISO14443)的卡使用，也会产生可互操作性问题。在ISO14443标准中，所有与非接触式卡和读卡器系统中的RF功率和信号接口(即系统的开放式系统互连(OSI)模型视图中的物理层)相关的所有要求或规范使用对卡和对读卡器分别标准化的测试来定义。ISO/IEC10373标准部分6(ISO10373-6)涉及专用于非接触式集成电路卡技术(接近式卡)的测试方法。非接触式卡和读卡器与ISO14443的顺应性使用基准设备来校验。根据ISO10373-6，代表非接触式卡的特征的一套“基准”卡(即，基准PICC)被用于测量非接触式读卡器的规范顺应性。(参见例如图1a。)例如，基准PICC被用来测试由PCD产生或传送的磁场，并用来测试PCD向PICC供电的能力。类似地，可代表典型非接触式读卡器的特征的“基准”读卡器(即测试或基准PCD)被用来测量非接触式卡的规范顺应性。例如，结合一对外部读出线圈的基准PCD被用来测试由卡在测试期间生成的负载调制。
尽管根据ISO10373-6的卡和读取器分别的顺应性测试过程可确保所使用的产品设备各自具有落入卡或读卡器的指定规范范围内的特征，但这些过程并不确保实地的可互操作性。校验为顺应的卡和/或读卡器可能仅仅是边际顺应的(例如通过具有在指定规范范围的端部或边缘的特征值)。这种标准顺应方式可能导致实地的工作故障。例如，边际顺应的卡可能会不可读取、或者难以使用也仅仅是边际顺应的读卡器来读取。
此外，对于校验非接触式设备的重要数据传送和接收功能，ISO10373-6仅对由卡生成的负载调制数据信号的间接测量作出了规定。由ISO10373-6规定的用于测试成品卡的PCD测试组件具有在基准PCD读卡器外部的一对读出线圈。这些外部读出线圈被用来测量由测试中的卡生成和传送的负载调制数据信号。然而，在由读出线圈测量的负载调制信号与由基准PCD天线物理接收的信号之间没有直接或明显的关系。因此，使用外部读出线圈测试成品卡的数据传输功能的确提供了直接的保障：推定顺应于ISO的成品卡对数据信号的调制足以使成品读卡器正确接收或处理该经调制数据信号的能力，或与该能力兼容。
序列号为____、____、____和____的美国专利申请公开了基于与交互的卡和读卡器设备之间的RF功率和信号接口相关的规范定义、基准设备和顺应性测试中的改进来提高设备的可互操作性的方案。
现在要考虑提高电子支付设备的可互操作性、以及使非接触式电子支付系统的工作稳健和防故障的进一步方法。注意力现在集中于电子支付系统的有关非接触式支付设备的物理特征和尺寸的多个方面。
发明内容
非接触式读卡器具有“截头圆锥体”工作区，其形状为逐渐变细为截头圆锥体的圆柱体。RF天线电路生成RF工作电磁场，用于向置于截头圆锥体工作区内的支付卡供电和与之通信。被调谐到约13.56MHz的RF天线被置于用作读卡器的放卡平面的盖板下约15厘米处。截头圆锥体工作区较小直径的底面位于放卡平面上。由RF天线在截头圆锥体形工作区中生成的RF工作场(即近场磁场HoV)被指定成向可放到截头圆锥体工作区中的不同来源的非接触式支付卡供电并与之通信。
在读卡器的一个版本中，RF天线具有约7厘米的直径，并且被置于放卡平面下约15厘米的固定距离处。截头圆锥体工作区的截头圆锥体部分具有约1厘米的轴向长度、约1厘米的小底面直径、和约3厘米的大底面直径。截头圆锥体工作区的圆柱体部分的直径约为3厘米，而轴向长度约为5厘米。
具有截头圆锥体工作区的读卡器可被配置成为基准读卡器，其外部特性代表使用在电子支付系统中的若干读卡器的特性。RF天线电路被配置成在截头圆锥体形工作区中生成磁场HOV，该磁场HOV代表使用在电子支付系统中的若干读卡器的工作区磁场。基准读卡器可用于测试过程，以表征支付卡的功能或工作特性。在测试过程中，将测量放到截头圆锥体工作区中的成品卡的数据接收和功率灵敏度。测试中的支付卡在截头圆锥体工作区中被放置在不同方向和不同位置，以模拟卡的现场使用。
从附图和以下的详细描述中，本发明的其它特征、其性质和各种优点将更为显而易见。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明原理设计的一示例性读卡器的最小工作区的截头圆锥体几何形状的示图。
图2是根据本发明原理设计的一示例性PayPass-基准读卡器的图片。
图3是根据本发明原理设计的一示例性PayPass-基准卡的图片。
图4是用作图2的PayPass-基准卡的放卡平面的盖板的示图。
图5是一组几何位置的示图，本发明的支付卡被放到PayPass-基准卡的截头圆锥体工作区中的这些几何位置上，以模拟在根据本发明原理的卡测试过程中支付卡的现场使用。
具体实施方式
本发明提供具有截头圆锥体形工作区的读卡器装置。该截头圆锥体工作区具有适于与出示或放到工作区中的接近式支付卡进行稳健和一致的交互的规定磁场强度。图1示出了读卡器的截头圆锥体工作区定义的一个示例。
该读卡器装置可用作用于测试成品支付卡的规范顺应性的基准设备。作为示例，在序列号为____的美国专利申请中描述的PayPass-基准读卡器(图2)可被设计成具有截头圆锥形工作区，以便于评估或观察支付卡特性和性能。
在本文中本发明的读卡器装置在实现电子支付系统的示例性环境中描述，在该环境中非接触式支付设备规范旨在符合诸如ISO 14443标准的通用行业标准，该通用行业标准进一步指定用于校验各个非接触式支付设备的规范的标准化测试方法(即ISO 10373-6测试方法、接近式卡)。近来，本发明受让人MasterCardInternational Incorporated(“MaserCard”)已开发了专用规范-MasterCard PayPassTMISO/IEC 14443实现规范(“PayPass”)-用来实现接近式支付卡技术(例如通过发卡行、卡和读卡器的供货商或制造商)。PayPass实现与ISO 14443标准一致，并提供说明本发明原理的一方便示例。可以理解，为了本文中的说明目的，选择PayPass实现仅仅是示例性的，并且本发明的原理可更一般地应用于根据其它通用行业或专用标准工作的电子支付设备和系统。
参看图2，PayPass-基准读卡器包括被设计成在13.56 MHz谐振的RF天线200。读卡器天线200被印制在置于盖板400(参见图4)下方固定距离处的电路板210上。盖板400可用作放卡平面即读卡器表面，持卡人可在该平面上轻触或放置其支付卡以便进行处理。在现场使用时，盖板400可具有适当的指导标记或司标，它们可在视觉上引导持卡人在选定位置上轻触或放置其支付卡以便进行交易处理。
放卡平面界定了倒置的截头圆锥体工作区的底面，其中截头圆锥体工作区的轴通常与放卡平面的表面正交。读卡器天线是圆形的，并生成围绕放卡平面的法线基本呈圆柱对称的磁场。读卡器天线的尺寸和绕组可使用公知的RF天线设计原理来适当设计，以生成13.56MHz的工作磁场(HOV)用于激活接近式支付卡设备并与之通信。该HOV强度处于至少在倒置的截头圆锥体工作区内的指定范围中。该指定范围是在谨记在现场中使使用的、由各发卡行或供卡商根据变化的规范制造的支付卡可展现一定范围的特性的情况下选择的。例如，由不同供卡商发出的接近式卡中的电感式耦合天线或RFID标签可具有不同尺寸和形状。截头圆锥体工作区中指定范围的磁场强度被选择为提供足够功率来激活不同来源和特性范围的交互支付卡并与之通信。
截头圆锥体工作区由几何参数(例如，底面直径D1和D2，以及圆锥体轴向长度S1和圆柱体轴向长度S2)来定义，如图1中所示。表格I列出对图2的PayPass-基准读卡器的截头圆锥体工作区的一示例性定义选定的这些参数的标称值。
表格I
工作区尺寸 D1   3厘米
D2   5厘米
S1   1厘米
S2   3厘米
在该示例性PayPass-基准读卡器中，读卡器天线的直径约为7厘米，并置于放卡平面下约15厘米处。该天线具有双重的有源和假绕组，它们在供以电流时至少提供向置于指定截头圆锥体工作区内的支付卡供电并与之通信所需的最低场强Hmin。同时，由天线产生的工作磁场(HOV)被限制成保持低于某最大强度Hmax。Hmax的值被适当选择成将支付卡中的功率耗散限制为低于通常接受的阈值，以避免设备损坏。此外，工作区内外的磁场强度均被限制成符合所有有关这种辐射的安全使用和曝露极限的国际和国家法规和法令。
示例性PayPass-基准读卡器的工作区可使用适当的基准卡来表征或校准，例如也在共同待批的美国专利申请No.____中描述的PayPass-基准卡(图3)。截头圆锥体工作区中工作磁场的强度(HOV)可等效地以从读卡器到支付卡所需的功率转移(电压Vov)的形式来指定或测量。
表格II示出PayPass-基准读卡器的截头圆锥体工作区中功率转移电压VOV的最小值和最大值的规范。卡和读卡器天线之间的电磁耦合(即互感)在卡进入该工作区中时会扰动工作磁场。特别地，该工作区内的磁场强度因为由卡引起的额外负载而降低。读卡器和卡的VOV值可分别在基准读卡器和基准卡天线电路中的适当定义点上测量。卡的加载可通过观测PayPass-基准读卡器的天线电路中的适当点上的电路电压降ΔVOV(VOV，自由空间-VOV，卡)来测量。表格II还示出了与标称卡负载相对应的ΔVOV的最大可接受值。
表格II
主题 参数   PCD最小 标称 最大   PICC最小 标称 最大 单位
功率转移PCD-＞PICC   VOV   3-αz   8.5   2.8-αz   8.7  V
  α   0.35   0.35  V/cm
  ΔVOV，max     0.8  V
具有所定义的截头圆锥体工作区的本发明的读卡器装置(例如PayPass-基准读卡器)可结合在序列号为____的共同待批美国专利申请中公开的用于测试成品支付卡的系统和方法使用，例如用于校验规范顺应性。用于校验成品卡的规范顺应性的一示例性过程可包括以下步骤：
(a)在PayPass-基准读卡器上测量由成品卡进行的数据传输，其中读卡器向成品卡发送“平均”值命令，并且PayPass-基准读卡器提供“平均”功率电平。由PayPass-基准读卡器产生的功率电平和命令特征相关于基准卡校准，并且
(b)使用PayPass-基准读卡器的测试中测量成品卡的数据接收和功率灵敏度。
在工作时，可将±600mW信号馈入读卡器天线的50Ω输入阻抗以产生磁场，该磁场代表在实地使用的大多数PayPass读卡器。成品卡可在模拟实地中的卡使用状况的条件下来表征。例如，成品卡的特性可在距读卡器天线不同距离处和相对该读卡器天线不同方向上表征或测量。在一示例性测试例程中，读卡器被保持在固定位置，并且目标成品卡在工作区中从一个测试位置向下一位置缓慢移动。图5示出用于该示例性测试例程的一组这样的测试位置。该组测试位置分布在截头圆锥体工作区的三维空间中。这些测试位置在图5中被示为四联坐标(r，，z，θ)，其中极坐标r，，z表示测试中目标成品卡的中心。参照图1，(r，，z)＝(0，0，0)表示放卡平面的中心。在该示例性测试例程中，对目标成品卡的测量对垂直于Z轴放置的卡进行。坐标z表示支付卡距放卡平面的高度。坐标θ表示卡相对于＝0轴的方向。
尽管已参照示例性实施例具体描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员可以理解：可作各种更改和变化而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明的公开实施例被视为仅仅是说明性的，并且本发明仅限于由所附权利要求所指定的范围。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于读取非接触式支付卡的读卡器装置，所述读卡器包括：
RF天线电路；以及
设置于距所述RF天线固定距离处的放卡平面，其中所述RF天线电路被配置成在截头圆锥形工作区中产生磁场HOV，其中所述放卡平面形成所述截头圆锥形工作区的较小直径底面，并且其中所述截头圆锥形工作区中的磁场HOV被指定为向放到所述截头圆锥形工作区中的所述非接触式支付卡供电并与之通信。
2.如权利要求1所述的读卡器装置，其特征在于，所述截头圆锥形工作区包括：
截头圆锥体，轴向长度为S1、小底面直径为D1并且大底面直径为D2；以及
圆柱体部分，直径为D2并且轴向长度为S2。
3.如权利要求2所述的读卡器装置，其特征在于，所述RF天线的直径为约7厘米，其中所述放卡平面设置于距所述RF天线约15厘米的固定距离处，并且其中所述参数S1、S2、D1和D2的标称值分别为1、3、3和5厘米。
4.如权利要求1所述的读卡器装置，其特征在于，所述磁场HOV对应于在所述RF天线电路上的一点处测量的功率转移电压VOV，并且其中在所述RF天线电路上测量的VOV在RF天线电路上的标称值约为3-αz伏，其中z是以厘米为单位的支付卡距所述放卡平面的距离，并且α约等于0.35。
5.一种可与使用在电子支付系统中的数种读卡器的任一种一起使用的用于测试非接触式支付卡的基准读卡器，所述基准读卡器包括：
RF天线电路，其外部特性代表所述使用在电子支付系统中的数种读卡器的特性，其中所述RF天线电路被配置成对测试中的所述非接触式支付卡表现所述代表性外部特性，并在截头圆锥形工作区中生成磁场HOV，并且其中所述截头圆锥形工作区中的磁场HOV被指定为向放到所述截头圆锥形工作区中的所述非接触式支付卡供电并与之通信。
6.如权利要求5所述的基准卡，其特征在于，所述数种读卡器是非接触式支付卡读卡器，并且其中所述RF天线电路包括其谐振频率约为13.56 MHz的天线。
7.如权利要求6所述的基准读卡器，其特征在于，所述RF天线是制作在电路板上的圆形天线，并且其中所述基准读卡器还包括其上放置卡以便测试的放卡板，所述放卡板被设置于距所述印刷电路板约15厘米的固定距离处。
8.如权利要求7所述的基准读卡器，其特征在于，所述天线是直径约为7厘米的圆形天线，它代表现场内使用的所述数种读卡器的天线尺寸的平均值，并且产生了代表现场内使用的读卡器的磁场。
9.如权利要求8所述的基准读卡器，其特征在于，所述截头圆锥形工作区包括：
截头圆锥体，轴向长度为S1、小底面直径为D1并且大底面直径为D2；以及
圆柱体部分，直径为D2并且长度为S2。
10.如权利要求9所述的基准读卡器，其特征在于，所述放卡平面设置于距所述RF天线约15厘米的固定距离处，并且其中所述参数S1、S2、D1和D2的标称值分别为1、3、3和5厘米。
11.如权利要求10所述的基准读卡器，其特征在于，所述磁场HOV对应于在所述RF天线电路上的一点处测量的等效功率转移电压VOV，并且其中在所述RF天线电路上测量的VOV的标称值约为3-αz伏，其中z是以厘米为单位的所述支付卡距所述放卡平面的距离，并且α约等于0.35。
12.一种用于测试可与在电子支付系统中使用的数种读卡器的任一种一起使用的非接触式支付卡的特性的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
提供具有截头圆锥体工作区的基准读卡器，所述基准读卡器包括RF天线电路，其外部特性代表使用在所述电子支付系统中的所述数种读卡器的特性，其中所述RF天线电路被配置成对测试中的所述支付卡表现所述代表性外部特性，并在所述截头圆锥形工作区中生成磁场HOV，并且其中所述截头圆锥形工作区中的磁场HOV被指定为向放到所述截头圆锥形工作区中的所述非接触式支付卡供电并与之通信；
将所述非接触式支付卡放到所述截头圆锥形工作区中的第一位置；以及
测量放到所述工作区中的所述非接触式卡的数据接收和功率灵敏度。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
将所述非接触式支付卡放到所述截头圆锥形工作区中的一组位置；以及
测量放到所述截头圆锥形工作区中的所述一组位置的每一个位置上的所述成品卡的数据接收和功率灵敏度。
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