CN101049191B - 鞋 - Google Patents

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CN101049191B
CN101049191B CN2007100906904A CN200710090690A CN101049191B CN 101049191 B CN101049191 B CN 101049191B CN 2007100906904 A CN2007100906904 A CN 2007100906904A CN 200710090690 A CN200710090690 A CN 200710090690A CN 101049191 B CN101049191 B CN 101049191B
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footwear
sole
region
sole element
zone
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CN101049191A (zh
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布鲁诺·让·安托内利
沃尔夫冈·舍欠茨
尤尔根·魏德尔
乔希·罗伯特·戈登
简·希尔
盖德·赖纳·曼兹
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Adidas International Marketing BV
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/02Football boots or shoes, i.e. for soccer, football or rugby
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B1/00Footwear characterised by the material
    • A43B1/0009Footwear characterised by the material made at least partially of alveolar or honeycomb material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B1/00Footwear characterised by the material
    • A43B1/0072Footwear characterised by the material made at least partially of transparent or translucent materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18Resilient soles
    • A43B13/181Resiliency achieved by the structure of the sole
    • A43B13/186Differential cushioning region, e.g. cushioning located under the ball of the foot
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18Resilient soles
    • A43B13/187Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials
    • A43B13/188Differential cushioning regions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/08Heel stiffeners; Toe stiffeners
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/02Football boots or shoes, i.e. for soccer, football or rugby
    • A43B5/025Football boots or shoes, i.e. for soccer, football or rugby characterised by an element which improves the contact between the ball and the footwear
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/06Running shoes; Track shoes

Abstract

本发明涉及一种鞋,特别是一种运动鞋,具有一个单块的鞋底元件(10)。该鞋底元件(10)包括:在脚下延伸的鞋底区域(20)和立体地包围脚后跟的鞋跟杯(30),其中鞋跟杯(30)单独地形成所述鞋的侧壁的至少一部分。

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及一种鞋,尤其是一种运动鞋。
背景技术
鞋必须满足许多技术要求。一方面,它要能够有效缓冲作用于人体的地面反作用力。另一方面,它要能够支持正确的步调周期,并且,如果必要,纠正错误取向。同时,鞋子,特别是运动鞋应当尽可能轻便,因为运动过程中需要的能量直接正比于鞋子的重量。因此,很长时间以来,研制能够满足所述的生物力学需求,而且尽可能轻便耐用的鞋子已经成为现代运动鞋的发展目标。
过去,对鞋子的改进着重于鞋底。例如,在文献DE 41 14 551 A1,EP 0 741 529 A1,DE 102 34 913 A1和DE 102 12 862 C1中,申请人公开了不同的鞋底设计,其中,普遍使用的同质EVA鞋中底至少部分地被专用元件取代。此外,上述文献公开了缓冲元件的使用,这些缓冲元件不再使用泡沫材料,而是利用弹性构架结构,这些弹性构架结构显著降低了鞋底的重量,同时增加了鞋子的使用寿命。
另外,申请人还在文献DE 199 19 409 C1中公开了一种具有集成入鞋面的鞋跟杯(heel cup)的速跑板(sprint plate),用于提高跑步者的表现。
然而,相对于鞋底上部区域的设计,上述文献中公开的鞋子使用了基本常见的方式,即从鞋底的边缘处开始的鞋面在脚的周围向上延伸。为加固跟部区域,可以将单独的鞋跟杯结合进来。然而,鞋面以及它与鞋底相互连接的这种公知设计使得重量显著增加。而且,在制作这种鞋的过程中,多个单体的部件必须通过人工缝制或粘结在一起,从而导致很高的成本。
因而,本发明针对上述问题提出了一种耐用的鞋,特别是运动鞋,这种鞋的重量同样在鞋底上方得以优化,此外,这种鞋子还极易制作。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种鞋子,特别是一种运动鞋,该鞋子具有单块的鞋底元件。该鞋底元件包括在脚下延伸的鞋底区域以及立体地包围脚后跟的鞋跟杯,其中所述鞋跟杯单独地形成鞋的侧壁的至少一部分区域。
因此,根据本发明的单块的鞋底元件不仅提供了鞋底元件,而且还至少部分地取代了鞋的跟部区域的典型侧壁(它通常由利用单独的鞋跟杯加固的鞋面材料提供)。这一方面导致了鞋底区域和鞋面之间的平稳过渡,从而可以好的成本效益进行制造。另一方面,鞋的整体可以做成具有较轻的重量,这是因为鞋底元件能够由轻质塑性材料制成,并且该鞋底元件能够取代具有用于后跟的集成加强件的鞋面以及可行的单独鞋内底和/或其它如耐用板的鞋底元件的相对较重的材料,例如皮革或织物。而且,在很大程度上降低了根据本发明的鞋子的制作难度。将鞋面直接缝制在鞋底上至少在某种程度上不再是必需的,而且在很大程度上减少了制作鞋子所必需的元件的总数量。
优选地,该单块的鞋底元件可特别通过多组份注塑技术利用多种材料制成。因此,在鞋底元件的不同区域的材料特性例如在重量,硬度和/或外观方面的特征得以优化,而不需要附加的用来缝制,粘结或其它连接多个专用部件的制作步骤。
优选地,在跟部区域中,鞋面连接到鞋跟杯的上边缘,该边缘优选地具有缩减的厚度,并且/或者由比鞋底元件的其它区域更柔软的材料制成。这导致在整体鞋底元件和鞋面之间存在鞋子中的平滑过渡。此外,例如如果连接方式是缝制,那么鞋跟杯的上边缘的更薄厚度有助于与鞋面的连接。
在一个实施例中,鞋底元件侧向向上延伸,并包围足弓区域的中足处,优选地延伸至脚背。因此,该单块的鞋底元件成为整个鞋子设计的底盘状元件,并在多个面上包围着脚。
在特别地适用于足球鞋的一个实施例中,鞋底元件的鞋底区域从跟部区域至少延伸到中足部分,并优选地大致延伸至脚下整个区域的上方。因而,该单块的鞋底元件大致确定了鞋子在载荷的作用下的变形能力。
在另一个优选实施例中,鞋底元件具有透明区域和/或通风孔和/或加强筋,特别是在局部区域的范围内,鞋底元件单独形成了鞋子的侧壁。基于这些附加特征,该鞋子的光学外观,通风特性和鞋子的主干的硬度很容易受到影响。
在特别适用于跑鞋的实施例中,鞋底区域设置作为载荷分配板,其中至少一个缓冲元件设置在该板的下方。这一特性有助于优选使用申请人在背景技术部分中所述的鞋底结构,该结构附带地降低了鞋子的重量并增加了其使用寿命。为此,多个缓冲元件优选地设置在鞋底区域的下方,在它们的底部通过公共的鞋外底互连。在该板和缓冲元件之间的直接连接是特别可取的,因为这样能够更为有效地分散载荷。
在另一个优选实施例中,在跟骨下方的区域,鞋底区域具有开孔和/或采用比鞋底区域的周边区域的材料更为柔软的材料制成的区域。这一特性不仅增加了穿着舒适度,而且避免了在鞋底区域的塑性材料上产生局部过高的载荷,特别是在鞋底元件具有较硬鞋底区域的情况下更是如此。如果将采用柔性材料制成的附加缓冲层,例如,适当的缓冲鞋内底,设置在开孔和/或该区域的上方,那么在承受过高载荷时,缓冲材料能够像在底面与跟部接触的过程中,它在跟骨下方所发生的状况一样,扩散到开孔或更多的柔性区域内。在将合适的鞋内底加强件用于这个区域中时,该扩散受到限制以防止损坏。可选择地或附加地,另一个缓冲元件可设置在跟骨范围内的鞋底区域的下方。
对于根据本发明的鞋子的进一步改进将在从属权利要求中加以限定。
附图说明
在下文中将参照附图对本发明的特征进行更为详细地的说明。这些附图为:
图1是根据本发明的鞋的一个实施例的侧视图;
图2是用于图1所示根据本发明的鞋的鞋底元件的一个实施例的侧视图;
图3a-c示出了用于根据本发明的鞋的鞋底元件的另一个实施例;
图4a-d示出了用于根据本发明的鞋的鞋底元件的另一个实施例,该鞋子在鞋底元件的不同区域采用不同的材料;其中图4b-4d分别示出了沿着图4a中的线b-b,c-c,和d-d的截面视图;
图5是根据本发明的鞋的另一个实施例的全视图;
图6是用于图5中的鞋的鞋底元件的详细视图;和
图7是图5中的鞋的鞋底元件的分解图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,本发明的实施例将首先参照用于足球鞋的鞋底元件进行说明,然后参照用于跑鞋的鞋底元件的实施例进行说明。然而,应当理解的是,本发明并不限于这些类型的鞋,而是可以用于例如运动鞋,篮球鞋,越野滑雪用鞋,徒步旅行用鞋,等等。
图1和图2是示出了根据本发明的鞋(参看图1)和用于图1中的鞋的根据本发明的鞋底元件10(参看图2)的第一实施例的侧视图。从图中可以看出,鞋底元件10为一个单块元件。从在脚底延伸的鞋底区域20开始(参看图2),鞋底元件10利用鞋跟杯30包围脚后跟(在图1和图2中未示出)。然而,与公知设计相比,该鞋跟杯30并没有完全集成入鞋面。相反,在跟部区域中,正是鞋跟杯30专门形成了包围脚的侧壁(参看图1)。
因此,在跟部区域中,鞋面40并没有向下延伸至鞋底,而是连接在鞋底元件10的上部边缘31上。为此,可采用不同的技术(例如粘结,熔接或缝制)将鞋面40接附至鞋底元件10的边缘31。与普通鞋相比,本发明的鞋面40仅在鞋子外表面的缩少了的部分上方延伸。因而,由于避免了材料层的重复而使得鞋子的重量减少,进而在穿着鞋子时又减少了运动所需的能量。
如图1和图2所示的鞋底元件10从其鞋底区域20开始延伸并向上延伸形成侧面区域35。特别地是,具有筋状结构的侧面区域35示出了该单块的鞋底元件10优选地是由几种材料制成的(参看图2)。以边缘31为例,它可由相对柔性的塑性材料制成,例如柔软的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU),而硬质的TPU可以在图1和图2的实施例中用于制作鞋跟杯30,该鞋跟杯在后端部支承脚,从而提高了鞋的整体稳定性。
采用多组份注塑技术利用两种或多种材料将鞋底元件10制成单块的元件如今是比较易于实现的。将不同的材料顺序地或同时地注入合适的模具内,或将第二种鞋底材料注入到预成型坯的周围,该预成型坯起到加固作用并且已经放置在模具内。这些制作技术对于本领域技术人员来说实际上已经是公知的,因此不再对其作进一步说明。图4a示出了鞋底元件10的一个实施例,该鞋底元件具有由不同材料制成的相邻区域。除了从一种材料到另一种材料的明显过渡之外,提供从一种材料到另一种材料的逐渐过渡(未示出)也是可以想到的。除了TPU之外,聚酰胺或者其它塑性材料同样适用于制作上述实施例中的鞋底元件10,如果需要,还可以利用玻璃纤维和/或碳化纤维进行加固。
此外,采用透明塑性材料制作鞋底元件是可以想到的。因此,通过放置在鞋内部的元素,例如短袜的颜色或附加鞋内底的颜色,至少能够在跟部区域30中容易地确定鞋的外观。
在前足部分中具有用于鞋底的附带加强件50。鞋底的这一部分同样能够与整个鞋底元件10制作成单块的元件。备选地,也可先单独地制作出该元件,而后例如通过粘结,熔接或其它本领域技术人员公知的技术将用于鞋底的加强件50与鞋底元件10接合在一起。
在图1和图2的实施例中,有多个用于鞋钉12(参看图1)的容座11设置在鞋底区域20中。在一个最简单的替换方式中,这些容座11被简单地设置成单块的鞋底元件10上的适当的开孔。然而,可以想到的是,还可以模制出更复杂的具有例如用于连接鞋钉的螺纹或咬合连接的容座(未示出)。这可以减少装配多个分离元件的时间。
图3a-c示出了用于足球鞋的鞋底元件10的另一个优选实施例的侧视图,仰视图和后视图。如可特别地从图3c中所见的那样,侧向和中间侧面区域35沿向上的方向几乎均等地延伸至鞋的脚背区域。另外,图3a-c的鞋底元件10包括多个加强筋32。这些加强筋32提高了硬度,并降低了壁厚,进而降低了整个鞋底元件10的重量。
如上所述,通过在鞋底元件的不同区域采用不同的材料,图4a的鞋底元件的实施例不同于到目前为止所述的鞋底元件。在跟部区域14中,采用了较硬质的TPU材料,该材料优选地同样用于前足部分16的中心。在中间,即中足区域15中,考虑到脚在这个区域所产生的载荷,采用一种特别地可伸缩的TPU材料。此外,图4a的仰视图示出了沿着鞋底前部的边缘区域设置的前面已提到的加强件50,它特别地对用于鞋钉的容座11起到加固作用。
除了在鞋的上边缘区域31中采用不同的、优选为柔性的材料外,图4b-4d的截面视图示出了鞋底元件10的不同壁厚。该特征有助于使整个鞋底元件10的重量达到最优化,而不会危及鞋底元件10乃至整个鞋的稳定性。优选地,边缘区域31在其上端部相对较薄。如果是将构成鞋面的材料,例如(人造)皮革或纺织材料,接附到边缘区域31的外侧,那么将会在从专门由单块的鞋底元件10形成的鞋子的侧壁的局部区域到其它局部区域的外侧上存在平滑的过渡,在所述其它局部区域中普通的鞋面(未示出)形成该侧壁。
通常,鞋底元件10可以非常刚硬,以致形成一种用于整个鞋的框架或底架(chassis)。这种情况下,在鞋底元件的内部仅设置柔性的鞋内底以确保穿着时所需的舒适度。然而,在另一种可选择方式中,鞋底元件10在鞋底区域内采用相对较薄且为柔性的材料。在该情况下,稳定性优选地由内部底架60提供,如同申请人在文献DE10 2004 011 608 A1中所详述以及如图4b-4d所示意性地示出的那样。采用这些实施例的组合也是可以想到的,其中所需的稳定性源于半刚性鞋底元件10和半刚性内部底架60的结合。
图5-7示出了以跑鞋作为例子的本发明的另一个实施例。如图5和7所示,在图6中详细示出的鞋底元件10设置在多个缓冲元件100的上方。该缓冲元件可以是在上述文献中公开的无泡沫缓冲元件,或者是常见的EVA元件。同样地,在常见的连续EVA鞋中底(未示出)的上方设置根据本发明的鞋底元件也是可以想到的。
如果采用单体缓冲元件100,那么鞋底元件10还可额外地用作载荷分配板,它能够将来自于下方的地面反作用力和来自上方的重力分配至鞋底的更大区域,以避免产生局部压力点。将鞋底元件10直接连接到单个缓冲元件100是特别有效的。
示于图6的鞋底元件10还通过鞋跟杯30立体地包围后跟(未示出),并且该鞋底元件10在中足区域中具有向上延伸的侧面区域35,这些区域35向前足部分的延伸是有限的。除了位于两侧且向中部延伸的边缘加强件70以外(该加强件用于避免错误取向,例如内旋和外旋),在本实施例中,在前足部分中还包括大的凹部71。基于所用材料的弹性,这两个边缘加强件70能够相互独立地发生偏转,因而能够容许鞋子的前足部分相对于后足部分产生扭转运动。
凹部71能够容许脚(未示出)在鞋子的这个区域与直接设置于其下的附加缓冲元件101相接触(参看示于图7的分解图)。优选地,可采用一种适当调整的EVA元件用作缓冲元件101,在反复跳跃的过程中,对于所产生的相当大的载荷,该缓冲元件101能够提供最大程度的穿着舒适度,特别是防止趾骨的敏感头部遭受过大的载荷。同时,凹部71又减少了鞋子的总重。
中间层200设置在缓冲元件100,101的下方,它能够与单体缓冲元件100,101的底部互相连接。该特征能够稳定缓冲元件,并特别地防止单体缓冲元件上的剪切力。该鞋的底面为外底层210,该外底层210处于中间层200的下方,并确定了鞋子的摩擦性能。应当理解的是,上述设计仅是示例性的,例如中间层和鞋底层可以设置成一个单层,从而进一步简化鞋的制作。相反,也可以例如直接在外底层210之上设置附加层。
在鞋底区域20的跟部区域中,示于图6的鞋底元件10的实施例具有另一个凹部72。优选地,该凹部72设置在直接位于跟骨之下的跟部区域的中心。例如,如果该叠加的鞋内底90(参看图7)在跟骨的下方完全被压缩,并不再提供任何缓冲,那么该凹部用于避免跟部区域(赛跑者主要与地面进行接触的区域)的过高载荷会损坏鞋底10或产生不舒适感。因而,凹部72为缓冲内底材料在向下方向上的受控扩展提供了可能。然而,为了避免这种制作对鞋内底90产生破坏,鞋内底90在其底部上可具有适当的加强件(未示出)或可将适当的加强件结合入鞋内底90。该加强件可以是由例如具有不同厚度的TPU或EVA材料制成的单独元件,该加强件嵌入至鞋内底中,或稍后通过粘结,熔接或共注模的方式连接至鞋内底。
此外,以与在前足部分中的情况相类似的方式在鞋底元件10的凹部72的下方设置附加的、特别柔软的缓冲元件(未示出)也是可以想到的。与用于跟部区域中心的可行缓冲替换物无关,与鞋底元件10的边缘区相比,凹部72提供了更大程度的缓冲运动的可能。例如取决于赛跑者的体重和/或最佳使用场合,凹部72的大小和形状可以有所不同。目前其优选的是长为3-5cm,宽为1-3cm。如果鞋底区域20在区域72中采用更为柔软和更具弹性的材料制成(未示出),那么同样能够达到与设置凹部类似的效果。
另外,图5-7示出了设置在鞋底元件10的局部区域中的多个小通风孔73,该局部区域独特地形成了鞋的侧壁。此外,通风孔73优选地设置在鞋底区域20的中足部分。由此,鞋子的通风性能容易地得以改善。另外,由图6可以看出,鞋底元件10具有多个加强筋74,在材料的厚度较薄的情况下该加强筋为其提供了较高的硬度。开孔73和/或加强筋74的具体布置可依据鞋子的使用领域和尺寸而有所不同。

Claims (17)

1.一种鞋,具有一个单块的鞋底元件(10),其中所述鞋底元件(10)包括:
a.在脚下延伸的鞋底区域(20);和
b.立体地包围脚后跟的鞋跟杯(30);其中
c.所述鞋跟杯(30)单独地形成所述鞋的跟部区域的侧壁的至少一部分;
其中所述鞋进一步包括鞋面(40),该鞋面(40)的至少一部分接附到所述鞋跟杯(30)的上边缘(31)。
2.如权利要求1所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述单块的鞋底元件(10)是通过多组份注塑技术利用多种材料制成。
3.如权利要求1所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述上边缘(31)具有缩减的厚度,并且/或者由比鞋底元件(10)的其它区域更柔软的材料制成。
4.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述鞋底元件(10)在所述鞋跟杯(30)的区域和/或在鞋底区域(20)的前部中央区域中具有比鞋底元件(10)的其它区域更为硬质的材料。
5.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述鞋底元件(10)在足弓区域向上延伸,并包围中足区域。
6.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述鞋底元件的鞋底区域(20)从跟部区域至少延伸到中足部分。
7.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述鞋底元件(10)具有透明区域。
8.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述鞋底元件(10)具有通风孔(73)。
9.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述鞋底元件(10)具有多个加强筋(74)。
10.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述鞋底元件(10)在鞋底区域(20)中具有至少一个用于鞋的外形元件(12)的容座(11)。
11.如权利要求10所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述容座(11)具有位于鞋底区域(20)中的第一开孔。
12.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,鞋底区域(20)设置作为载荷分配板,并且至少一个缓冲元件(100)设置在所述载荷分配板的下方。
13.如权利要求12所述的鞋,其特征在于,多个缓冲元件设置在所述鞋底区域(20)的下方。
14.如权利要求13所述的鞋,其特征在于,所述缓冲元件在它们的底部上通过中间层(200)和/或公共的鞋外底(210)互连。
15.如权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的鞋,其特征在于,在跟骨下方的区域,所述鞋底区域(20)具有第二开孔(72)和/或采用比鞋底区域的周边区域的材料更为柔软的材料制成的区域。
16.如权利要求15所述的鞋,其特征在于,它进一步包括在跟骨区域中具有加强件的鞋内底(90)。
17.如权利要求15所述的鞋,其特征在于,它进一步包括附加缓冲元件,所述缓冲元件设置在跟骨范围内的鞋底区域(20)的下方。
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US7954259B2 (en) 2011-06-07
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US20110197473A1 (en) 2011-08-18
US20070256329A1 (en) 2007-11-08
EP1842441A1 (en) 2007-10-10
DE102006015649A1 (de) 2007-10-18
EP2319342B1 (en) 2019-06-05
ATE517560T1 (de) 2011-08-15
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EP2308334B1 (en) 2017-08-23

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