CN101063912A - Optical displacement detection over varied surfaces - Google Patents

Optical displacement detection over varied surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101063912A
CN101063912A CNA200710088276XA CN200710088276A CN101063912A CN 101063912 A CN101063912 A CN 101063912A CN A200710088276X A CNA200710088276X A CN A200710088276XA CN 200710088276 A CN200710088276 A CN 200710088276A CN 101063912 A CN101063912 A CN 101063912A
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light
light source
optical
detection system
dark field
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CN100530062C (en
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奥利维尔·塞塔兹
尼古拉斯·萨塞利
鲍里斯·卡拉马塔
尼古拉斯·肖万
奥利维尔·马西斯
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Logitech Europe SA
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Logitech Europe SA
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Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention enable an optical device to track on a diffusing surface over which a transparent and/or translucent and/or optically smooth surface is placed. Some embodiments are directed towards detecting when an optical device is lifted off the surface it was resting on. Embodiments also include a sensing system that detects the z distance (distance to the tracking surface) and improves image quality by improving the effectiveness of the optical sensor subsystem and/or the illumination subsystem at the detected z distance. Other embodiments include a system and method that enables an optical device to track on a transparent and/or translucent and/or optically smooth surface alone. This may involve dark-field imaging based on certain features (e.g., dirt) already present on the transparent surface. Alternately, this may involve creating features such as droplets, spreading dirt residue, and creating thermal spots, which can be used for tracking.

Description

Detect at various lip-deep optical displacements
The related application cross reference
The application's case is to file an application on June 20th, 2006 and name is called the 11/471st in the application that coexists of " detecting (Optical Displacement Detection over Varied Surfaces) at various lip-deep optical displacements ", the part splice application case of No. 084 application case, and the 11/471st, No. 084 application case is advocated the right of priority based on following application case again: filed an application on April 26th, 2006 and name is called the 60/795th of the application that coexists of " a kind of input media (An Input Device for Tracking on Varied Surfaces) that is used for carrying out spike on various surfaces ", No. 031 provisional application case, filed an application on Dec 12nd, 2005 and name is called coexisting of " input media being in various lip-deep spikes and lift detections (Tracking on Varied Surfaces and Lift-Detection for an Input Device) " the 60/749th in applying for, No. 996 provisional application cases, filed an application on July 25th, 2005 and name is called the 60/702nd in the application that coexists of " detecting (Optical Displacement Detection on Transparent orTranslucent Surfaces) at transparent or semitransparent lip-deep optical displacement ", No. 459 provisional application cases, and the 60/696th, No. 023 provisional application case that on June 30th, 2005 filed an application and name is called in the application that coexists of " the lip-deep optical displacement in the various degree of depth detects (Optical DisplacementDetection over Surfaces of Various Depths) " is relevant.The full text of these application cases all is incorporated herein with way of reference.
In view of any content that does not disclose this paper as yet in female application case mentioned above and comprised, the application's case is advocated based on filing an application on April 26th, 2006 and name is called the 60/795th of the application that coexists of " a kind of input media (AnInput Device for Tracking on Varied Surfaces) that is used for carrying out spike on various surfaces ", the right of priority of No. 031 provisional application case, and on Dec 12nd, 2005 filed an application and name is called the right of priority of 60/749th, No. 996 provisional application case of coexisting of " input media being in various lip-deep spikes and lift detections (Tracking on Varied Surfaces and Lift-Detection for an Input Device) " in applying for.
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical technology by and large, and more specifically relates to optical input device.
Background technology
Optical technology is used for many kinds of environment, comprises being used for for example optical input device such as mouse.In these devices of great majority, optical system has one usually and is used for determining the sensor of optical devices with respect to the displacement on a surface.For example, be under the optical mouse situation, mouse has at least one and is used for determining that mouse is at a lip-deep mobile sensor, for example a desktop pad or a mouse pad.Mouse described lip-deep mobile meeting be transformed into mouse pointer or cursor one with the supporting display of main frame on move.
Optical mouse move or displacement is by to relatively being come to be determined at two different two different images instantaneous and that may be caught on two diverse locations on the described surface.The traceability height of optical mouse depends on the quality of image.If image has good quality, optical mouse just can more easily be carried out spike.
Employed sensor can and similarly can carry out spike on the surface of diffused light at for example paper, timber, paint, metal in conventional optical mouse.This is because traditional imaging mode is based on the utilization to the optically roughness character of normal surface (for example timber, cloth etc.).Therefore, when described surface is (for example surface of being made by glass or other transparent materials) when being made by optically smooth material that can not the enough light quantities of diffusion, imaging will go wrong.The one example is a glass platform.In addition, when on diffusing surface, being placed with one deck glass or other transparent materials, also can go wrong.The one example is to place glass plate on wooden desk top.Let us is considered each situation in these situations respectively.
In the time will using the surface of being made by transparent materials such as for example glass as tracking surface, traditional spike can't be realized by the enough light of diffusion in described surface.
When being placed with one deck glass or other transparent materials on diffusing surface top, this kind structure can cause the variation of distance between optical sensor and the imaging surface (be described hyaline layer below diffusing surface) (be called " z apart from ").Therefore, traditional illumination and formation method may cause focusing on incorrect, the insufficient and/or illuminated point of illumination and be offset by the imaging region appearance point or overlapping relatively poor.These problems can make sensor accurately carry out spike to displacement (mouse movement).
For the ability that some these problem that solves in the legacy system is done can be brought other shortcomings.For example, can bring the accuracy problem of lifting detection.Specifically, when the user lifts mouse, for example when intention reorientating mouse on the tracking surface not on screen during moving cursor, the cursor on the screen can lift in the process in that in fact it should not followed and follows mouse when mouse moves and move whole.
In addition, the problems referred to above are not limited only to optical input device.Other use optical technology to catch image and determine that also there are similar problem in position and the device that moves.It is hand-held scanners that may there be the example of the device of these shortcomings in another kind.
Therefore, be desirable to provide a kind of even the also accurately capable spike of contraposition shift-in and the optical devices that lift detection accurately are provided when between optical devices and tracking surface, being placed with transparent material layer or when the user wishes only to carry out spike on transparent material.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention comprise that a kind of optical devices that make can be placed with the system and method that carries out spike on the diffusing surface transparent and/or opaque and/or smooth surface optically on one.Other embodiment of the present invention comprise a kind of system and method that makes optical devices carry out spike on an independent transparent and/or opaque and/or optically smooth surface.Some embodiment of the present invention is intended to detect optical devices and when is lifted away from its surface that is positioned at.Various embodiments of the present invention also comprise a kind of sensor-based system that is used to detect z distance (apart from the distance of tracking surface) and improves picture quality by raising Optical Sensor Subsystem and/or illumination subsystems in the validity of detection z distance.
According to some embodiment of the present invention, detect the technology of z distance when being provided for below tracking surface is positioned at a transparent surface.In one embodiment, use the collimated light beam triangulation to detect the z distance.One collimated light source is with on the tracking surface below the light beam directive transparent material layer.Light reflexes to a sensor from described tracking surface at least.According to described light beam and the crossing position of described sensor, just can determine described z distance.In an alternate embodiment, use a light source of dispersing slightly, so that the size of lighting point increases with the increase of z distance.Therefore, can use the size of described lighting point to determine the z distance.In another embodiment, use optical interference to determine the distance of the described tracking surface of distance.In an embodiment again, use a sensor that comprises delegation's charge-coupled device (CCD) (CCD) element to determine the z distance.Use is determined described z distance from the light and the capable position of intersecting of described CCD of described tracking surface reflection.
According to some embodiment of the present invention, be provided for by improving described Optical Sensor Subsystem improves picture quality in the validity of different z distances technology.In one embodiment, in described Optical Sensor Subsystem, use a small-bore to increase the degree of depth of visual field, thereby improve the picture quality in a z distance range.Another is chosen as, and uses somely to have various undersized apertures or picture quality is improved in a variable-sized aperture.In one embodiment, use a telecentric iris imaging system to improve picture quality.According to another embodiment, use a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is all at separately a z distance range optimization.Another is chosen as or in addition, can use an imaging system with automatic focus ability.According to an embodiment, use the lens of a shape-variable to improve picture quality.
According to some embodiment of the present invention, be provided for by improving described illumination subsystems improves picture quality in the validity of different z distances technology.In one embodiment, can adjust the size of current that is used to lighting source power supply according to the z distance.Another is chosen as or in addition, can uses a plurality of light sources, and wherein the equal the best of each light source changes in separately a z distance range tracking surface is thrown light on.
When detect it according to a kind of optical devices of certain embodiments of the invention is lifted away from its surface that is positioned at.In one embodiment, can use the collimated light beam triangulation to realize this purpose.In one embodiment, a collimation laser beam forms a bright spot in the middle of the visual field of described imaging system.When described optical devices were lifted away from described surface, described luminous point side direction on described surface moved and therefore described luminous point is mobile in the plane of delineation.When described luminous point be displaced sideways a specific range that lists greater than sensor array the time, promptly detect optical devices and be lifted away from.In another embodiment, use the small size detecting device of single diameter as D.In one embodiment, optical devices are lifted and can make light can not be passed to detecting device, and the power reduction can be indicated be lifted (ON/OFF system).In an embodiment again, replace lens in described detecting device front or except that described lens, also use a little aperture to realize similar result.
According to some embodiment of the present invention, be provided for the technology of on a transparent or opaque material, carrying out spike.In one embodiment, use the dark field imaging to one the dirt residue on the transparent or opaque material carry out spike.The inferior order of diffraction of zero level is inferior to be assembled by a detecting device from the light of described dust residue diffraction and scattering to surpass.In another embodiment, use an interfere type detection system on a transparent or opaque surface, to carry out the optics spike.One reference beam on a detecting device with superimposed from described Rayleigh through the Doppler frequency displacement (Rayleigh) back-scattered light transparent or opaque material.Use digital signal processing to detect moving according to resulting signal.
Some embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method and system that are used for being formed for the body of spike on an optically smooth surface (for example transparent or opaque surface such as glass).These bodies can be used in combination with dark field formation method or traditional formation method.These embodiment comprise: use little water droplet to execute distribution system, wiping has the surface of some residue, distribution/enhancing dirt residue on described surface, and focus spike.
In certain embodiments, by sputter (ink-jet approaches system) or at evaporation (for example heating is filled with the porosint of water) the natural condensation in back, deposition little water droplet (or any other suitable liquid) on glass surface.The complexity of detection system (optical device and detecting device) is controlled and reduced greatly to the concentration of droplet and big I to a certain extent.
In other embodiments, before using mouse, on described surface, use a kind of special rag.Described rag can scatter residue, silicone microballon or any sightless marking agent of dissolving.
In other embodiments, mouse body comprises some and can contact glass surface so that be present in the structure (for example polymer ring) that the dirt residue on the described glass surface is scattered already.This will reduce exist dark field system can not spike the risk of cleaning area.In addition, mouse can comprise an optical grade that is used to provide extra (because of dark field to sensor as seen) element of dust.
Use among the embodiment of focus spike at some, in the time of a weak point, activate a focal length laser beam, thereby form focus glass surface is carried out spot heating.The latter lists imaging and is used as a spike reference point at an IR detector array.When described focus is in beyond the visual field defined by array sizes or when hot(test)-spot temperature, reduce to a detection threshold (for environment temperature) when following, can form a new focus.
In one aspect of the invention, in a kind of according to an embodiment of the invention device, comprise two subsystems.In these subsystems one of them is to use when described device is positioned on the optically smooth surface, and in these subsystems another is to use when described device is positioned on the optically coarse surface.
The present invention can be applicable to many different fields, and is not limited only to any application or field.Many kinds of technology of the present invention can be applicable to the optical devices in arbitrary field.Reaching hereinafter at content part of the present invention, feature and advantage described in the embodiment part do not sweep up everything, and particularly, the person of an ordinary skill in the technical field will easily know many other features and advantage according to graphic, instructions of the present invention and claims.In addition, it should be noted that language used in instructions is mainly is to select at readable and guiding purpose, and be not to be chosen to define or to limit subject matter of the present invention that subject matter of the present invention need be determined by claims.
Description of drawings
The present invention has other advantages and feature, reads hereinafter detailed description of the invention and accompanying drawing in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with easier these other advantages and features of learning, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 one has the diagram of the conventional computer system of an optical input device;
Fig. 2 is the diagram of the traditional optical displacement detection system of an optical input device;
Fig. 3 A is according to the present invention, the be separated by diagram of an embodiment of an optical displacement detection system of optical input device of transparent material layer of one and one tracking surface;
Fig. 3 B one has the diagram of the lens in an aperture;
Fig. 4 A is according to the present invention, and one has the diagram of an embodiment of the optical displacement detection system in a collimated light source, and described collimated light source is positioned at the light directive on the tracking surface below the transparent material layer;
Fig. 4 B is according to the present invention, and one has the diagram of an embodiment of the optical displacement detection system in a collimated light source, and described collimated light source is positioned at the light directive in one than on the tracking surface below the thicker transparent material layer of shown in Fig. 4 A layer;
Fig. 5 is according to the present invention, and one has the diagram of an embodiment of the optical displacement detection system of two independent light sources, wherein each light source all through structure so that the tracking surface that is positioned at below the different transparent material thickness ranges is thrown light on;
Fig. 6 is according to the present invention, and one has the diagram of an embodiment of the optical displacement detection system of two separated sensors, wherein each sensor all through structure so that the tracking surface that is positioned at below the different transparent material thickness ranges is carried out imaging;
Fig. 7 A is according to the present invention, the diagram of an embodiment of the optical displacement detection system of a use one dark field imaging system;
How Fig. 7 B illustration is incident upon an illuminating bundle on one surface according to one embodiment of the invention;
How Fig. 7 C illustration is incident upon an illuminating bundle on one surface according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 A illustration is according to an a kind of embodiment who is used for the dark field imaging system of an optical input device of the present invention;
Fig. 8 B illustration is a kind of according to device of the present invention, and it has one and is used for the subsystem that carries out the subsystem of spike and be used for carrying out spike on a normal surface on the transparent surface;
The source layout of a kind of according to an embodiment of the invention dark field imaging system of Fig. 8 C illustration;
The radial illuminator of a kind of according to an embodiment of the invention dark field imaging system of Fig. 8 D illustration;
Fig. 8 E one is illustrated in the dark field imaging system process flow diagram that uses a plurality of light sources;
A kind of according to an embodiment of the invention interfere type detection system that is used on transparent or semitransparent surface, carrying out the optics spike of Fig. 9 A illustration;
A kind of according to an embodiment of the invention interfere type detection system that comprises a diffraction grating that is used on transparent or semitransparent surface, carrying out the optics spike of Fig. 9 B illustration;
Figure 10 illustration is according to an embodiment of a kind of interfere type detection system of the present invention, and this interfere type detection system uses the light that reflects from the surface of a transparent or semitransparent material as the reference light beam;
Figure 11 illustration is a kind of to have two light sources and two interfere type detection systems that are used to detect along the displacement of an axis;
Figure 12 A is the diagram according to an embodiment of a kind of interfere type detection system with a light source of the present invention;
Figure 12 B is in the cut-open view diagram of an optical input device inside for the embodiment of interfere type detection system shown in Figure 12 A;
Figure 13 is the diagram according to an embodiment of a kind of interfere type detection system with a transparent grating of the present invention;
Figure 14 illustration one has an embodiment of the mouse of a tracing system, and described tracing system is based on droplet and executes combining of cloth and dark field imaging;
Figure 15 illustration one has an embodiment of the mouse of a tracing system, and described tracing system is based on droplet and executes cloth, wherein uses a capillary system to collect water;
An a kind of example that is used for the structure of focus spike of Figure 16 illustration;
Figure 17 be illustrated in focus emerge and cool off in related some parameter and value;
Figure 18 illustration is according to one embodiment of the invention, related some parameter and value in focus emerges and cools off;
Figure 19 illustration uses collimated light beam triangulation to lift detection according to one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing (or graphic) has only illustrated a preferred embodiment of the present invention for the graphic extension purpose.It should be noted that same or analogous Ref. No. can be represented same or analogous function in each accompanying drawing.The person of ordinary skill in the field will learn easily that according to hereinafter illustrating can use the structure disclosed herein and the alternate embodiment of method, this does not deviate from the principle of invention described herein yet.Should note, preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in the optical mouse context although hereinafter be, yet also exist other can utilize optical devices of the present invention, for example optical scanner, optical digital writing system (for example by being positioned at Fremont, the Logitech IO pen that the Logitech company of CA makes) or optical printer advancement mechanism.It shall yet further be noted that and use word " transparent " simply to represent " transparent and/or translucent " (surface energy passes through some or all light) in the explanation hereinafter sometimes as one.
Fig. 1 shows the sample drawing of a conventional computer system 100, and described computer system 100 comprises two input medias that are positioned on the workplace 105: a keyboard 140 and an optical pointer device 110.Using an example of the indicator device 110 of optical displacement detection technique is optical mouse.Use the example of indicator device that optical detection receives and operation thereof to be set forth in people such as giving Bidiville (on February 22nd, 1994 was given) and name be called " the cursor indicator device that utilizes photodetector array (Cursor Pointing Device Utilizing aPhotodetector Array With Target Ball Having Randomly Distributed Speckles) of object ball " with spot of band stochastic distribution the 5th, 288, No. 993 United States Patent (USP)s and give people's (on Dec 30th, 1997 was given) such as Bidiville and name be called " indicator device (Pointing Device Utilizing a Photodetector Array) that utilizes photodetector array " the 5th, 703, in No. 356 United States Patent (USP)s, the full content of the relevant portion of these United States Patent (USP)s is incorporated herein with way of reference.
The optical displacement detection system 200 that Fig. 2 illustration one is traditional.Described traditional optical displacement detection system 200 or generally speaking optical system comprise a traditional illumination subsystems 210 and a traditional optical sensor or a detection subsystem 220.Traditional illumination subsystems 210 comprises a traditional illuminating lens 230 and a traditional electromagnetic energy source or a light source 250.Usually, light source 250 is light emitting diodes (" LED ") of one type, for example traditional red LED, laser diode or similar device.Generally speaking, light source 250 is attached to that a printed circuit board (PCB) (" PCB ") (not shown) is gone up and is positioned to make light directive one to be positioned at lighting point 201 on working surface or the tracking surface 105 (for example desktop, pad, ball or similar surfaces) with respect to illuminating lens 230.
Traditional sensor subsystem 220 comprises an imaging len 240 and a sensor 260.Sensor 260 generally includes an image capture module 261, for example one or more photosensor arrays.Some sensor 260 also comprises the controller circuitry 262 that is associated with image capture module 261, for example is the controller circuitry 262 of the digital circuit form that is arranged in same crystal grain or device encapsulation.Generally speaking, controller circuitry 262 combine digital signal Processing (" DSP ") obtain mobile data from the seizure image.Sensor unit 220 also is installed on PCB usually and goes up and be positioned to make imaging len 240 to catch electromagnetic energy (for example light) from surperficial 105 scatterings best.
In arbitrary set moment in the normal operation process, scattering is scanned by sensor or the zone 202 of the electromagnetic energy of " imaging " is called an imaging region 202 in the surface 105.105 be generally a flat surface although it should be noted that the surface, for example mouse pad, desktop or similar surfaces, however it is not must be like this.The surface 105 can be arbitrary surfaces, for example the surfaces that can closely closely place with optical displacement detection system 200 of the handrail of people's arm or hand, spherical (as in spike ball indicator device), chair or chaise longue or any other.The image on the surface 105 that described biosensor analysis scanned or obtained provides displacement information.Preferably, by imaging region 202 lighting point 201 that overlaps basically, so that light is used for only working surface 105 being thrown light on by the zone of sensor 260 imagings or scanning effectively.Yet owing to have dislocation or other mechanical tolerances in the module of optical system, lighting point 201 is usually greater than by imaging region 202, to guarantee to the enough electromagnetic energies of sensor 260 scatterings.
The performance of optical displacement detection system 200 depends on several factors.For example, surface of good illumination and preferable image quality are to make optical input device 110 have the key factor of effective performance.In addition, make all assembly that acts on optical path in the optical detection system 200 alignment for most important for carried out optimal illumination by imaging region 202, in other words, each lens, light source, and sensor between alignment on realizing lighting point 201 and working surface 105 by most important for the overlapping of the best between the imaging region 202.On April 12nd, 2002 file an application and the name be called " subsystem (Attachment System for Use in anOptical Illumination System) that is used for an optical lighting system " coexist the application in the 10/122nd, No. 488 U.S. patent application case promptly relate to an a kind of embodiment of assembly alignment improvement, and this U.S. patent application case is commonly assigned to be incorporated herein with way of reference in full in assignee of the present invention and its.
Another performance factor is the quality that arrives the image of image capture module 261.This is partially dependent upon optically filtering that imaging len carries out light and processing subsequently.For example, giving the 6th of people such as Piot, improvement to optically filtering and processing subsequently promptly is provided in 256, No. 016 United States Patent (USP)s (July 3 calendar year 2001), and this United States Patent (USP) is commonly assigned to be incorporated herein with way of reference in full in assignee of the present invention and its.
Similarly, the electromagnetic energy source of illumination subsystems 210 also can directly influence the performance of optical displacement detection system 200.For example, Dec 27 calendar year 2001 file an application and the name be called " a kind of optical lighting system and method (AnOptical Illumination System and Method) " coexist the application in the 10/033rd, promptly set forth a kind of improvement in No. 427 U.S. patent application case to illuminator 210, it relates to a kind of efficient illumination that comprises special-purpose lens, and this U.S. patent application case is commonly assigned to be incorporated herein with way of reference in full in assignee of the present invention and its.
In certain embodiments, the performance of optical displacement detection system also can be subjected to the influence of the characteristic of several illumination factors or illumination subsystems.For example, these factors or characteristic can comprise homogeneity, and the intensity of light wave, beam impinges angle (be shown as " α " in Fig. 2, it represents the center line of light beam, for example central ray), light.These photocurrent versus light intensities can be according to operating surface 105 and by different way to producing performance impact.Generally speaking, the intensity of light source 250 is high more, and the performance of system just can be good more.Yet light intensity can directly influence the power consumption of optical system.In the limited system of power supply, for example in system, wish power consumption is minimized therein by battery performance.Therefore, the intensity of light source 250 must be suitable with its performance raising amount that is provided.For example, file an application and name is called in No. 10/826424 U.S. patent application case of the application that coexists of " multi-light-source illumination system (Multi-Light-Source Illumination System ForOptical Pointing Device) that is used for the optical pointer device " and has promptly set forth displacement detecting mode of ameliorating based on the multiple light source illumination subsystem on April 15th, 2004, this U.S. patent application case is commonly assigned to be incorporated herein with way of reference in full in assignee of the present invention and its.
Various aspects of the present invention relate to when being positioned at below certain transparent material (the wooden desk that for example has a glass plate above) on the surface coarse on an optics (for example timber, conventional mouse pad etc.) carries out spike on the surface at this optically roughness.Other aspects of the present invention relate on transparent surface (for example desk of being made by glass) carries out spike.Following let us is discussed these aspects successively.
When between optical devices and tracking surface, being placed with transparent material, on the optically roughness surface, carry out spike
As indicated above, in some environment, optical input device may be positioned over one and cover on transparent or semitransparent layer the surface of tracking surface.This can change the distance between optical displacement detection system and the tracking surface.Fig. 3 A is according to the present invention, one with the be separated by diagram of an embodiment of an optical displacement detection system in the optical input device of transparent material layer of tracking surface.Optical displacement detection system 200 is positioned at optical input device 110 inside.As shown in Fig. 3 A, the leg 310 of optical input device 110 is positioned at one and covers on the end face 305 of hyaline layer 315 of a tracking surface 105.The height that shows leg 310 among the figure be c-its represent clear distance between the bottom of optical devices 310 residing end faces 305 and optical input device 110.Leg 310 is optionally and in one embodiment not exist.Therefore, in one embodiment, c can be between 0 to several millimeters (" mm ").
Layer 315 the thickness that shows transparency among Fig. 3 A is d, and in one embodiment, thickness d can be in several centimetres (" cm ") and the scope below several centimetres, for example 3cm.Hyaline layer 315 can be transparent or semitransparent glass, plastics or any its material that is transmitted to following tracking surface 105 and is transmitted back to sensor 260 of light transmission that can make from light source 250.For example, in one embodiment, on the welding glass layer of a covering wooden surfaces, use infrared light sources.Fig. 3 A also show transparency between layer 315 bottom surface and the tracking surface 105 apart from gap g.In one embodiment, gap g can between 0mm to the number cm or above between.Generally, value z represents the bottom of optical input device 100 and the total distance between the tracking surface 105, and it comprises the thickness d of clear distance c, hyaline layer and the size of gap g (it is essentially air).
In this example, the light of light source 250 passes illuminating lens 230 and is incident on the end face 305 of hyaline layer 315 with angle [alpha].Then, the light of light source 250 passes hyaline layer 315-and advances with angle beta, passes the lighting point 201 on the clearance distance g arrival tracking surface 105 subsequently.If described gap is the air gap between hyaline layer 315 and the tracking surface 105, then light penetrates hyaline layer 315 with angle [alpha].Light from tracking surface 105 reflection, pass hyaline layer 315 and get back to sensor 260.Note, because the refractive index of hyaline layer and snell law (Snell ' s Law), pass the light that hyaline layer propagates and when injecting and penetrate, can bend, thereby if make illuminated point 201 be different from when not having hyaline layer 315 it with on the position that occurs with being come across by imaging region 202.In addition, the light of light source 250 is advanced with a sharp angle with respect to the surface 305 of hyaline layer and is passed hyaline layer with an acute angles beta and arrives tracking surface 105.Therefore, the z distance is big more, and illuminated point is in the horizontal just more away from light source 250.In addition, because angle [alpha] is less than angle beta, thereby the distance between the bottom of end face 305 and optical input device 110 compares greatly more with the thickness of hyaline layer 305, and illuminated point is in the horizontal just more away from light source 250.These factors can cause alleged " some skew ".
As indicated above, the degree of accuracy of spike is subjected to the influence of the received picture quality of sensor 260.Depend on the validity at sensor subsystem 220 and illumination subsystems 210 the two various height place on tracking surface the mass fraction of the image of being caught.Following part is used to explanation to detect the technology of the height above tracking surface.The improvement that sensor subsystem 220 that various height place above tracking surface is used according to certain embodiments of the invention and illumination subsystems 210 are done will be respectively describes in hereinafter the different piece.
Height detection
In one embodiment, can use any traditional z meter to realize distance detection between optical input device and the tracking surface is called " z detection " or " height detection ".For example, some traditional z meter uses from the infrared light beam of tracking surface reflection and determines height.Other z meters are also known by the person of ordinary skill in the field.In one embodiment, the z distance detecting is incorporated in Optical Sensor Subsystem 220 and/or the illumination subsystems 210.Another is chosen as, and the z distance detecting is implemented in the optical devices, but is separated with these subsystems.
Collimated light beam triangulation.Referring now to Fig. 4 A,, it shows the diagram according to an embodiment of a kind of optical displacement detection system 200 of the present invention, and wherein a collimated light source 450 (for example laser instrument) is positioned at light directive one on the tracking surface 105 below the transparent material layer 315.For the purpose of clear, omitted some part of the illumination subsystems and the sensor subsystem of optical displacement detection system 200.As shown in Fig. 4 A, sensor 460 receives as also:
(i) from the light of end face 305 reflection of hyaline layer 315,
(ii) the light that reflects from the bottom surface 325 of hyaline layer reaches
(iii) from the light of tracking surface 105 diffusions.
Also exist other repeatedly to reflect, but these are reflected into low-yield reflection.
In one embodiment, the light of the one or more reflections from these surfaces is not received by sensor 460.One collimated light beam 451 (for example laser) is with a sharp angle directive tracking surface 105, and described light continues across hyaline layer 315 with an acute angles beta.Therefore, folded light beam and sensor 460 position of intersecting depends on distance c, d and g.Referring now to Fig. 4 B,, it shows and identical assembly structure shown in Fig. 4 A.Yet in Fig. 4 B, hyaline layer 315 thickenings-it is shown as thickness d 2, d wherein 1＜d 2Still keep identical apart from g and c between Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B.Therefore, z 1＜z 2Notice that along with the increase of z distance, folded light beam 454 can move away from collimated light source 450 with the intersection location of sensor 460 at least.Can use folded light beam 452,453,454 the joining position, determine distance c, d, g and z by triangulation.In one embodiment, collimated light source 450 is configured for the z detection.In another embodiment, collimated light source 450 is structured as tracking surface 105 is thrown light on so that the light source of imaging.In another embodiment, collimated light source 450 is structured as and is used for tracking surface 105 is thrown light on so that the light source of imaging and be used for z and detect.
The person of ordinary skill in the field will understand, the thickness d that triangulation technique mentioned above also can be used for detecting distance c above hyaline layer and transparent material when not having tracking surface below.For example, these technology can be used for determining not to be placed with below one the c and the d of the glassy layer of diffuse material.In another embodiment, these technology can be used for also determining that optical devices are positioned on the diffusing surface or are positioned on the transparent surface on the diffusing surface top.
In an alternate embodiment, use a plurality of collimated light sources to contain different z scopes.For example, if sensor 460 is on the fixed position with respect to collimated light source 450, then some distance z will make folded light beam 452,453,454 intersect with sensor 460.Therefore, can for example arrange a plurality of collimated light sources, so that the imaging surface that is in the different distance scope is carried out optimal illumination with different angles.It is effective to use a controller (for example controller 470) to control which light source.By analyzing the quality of the image that forms that is received by sensor 460, controller 470 can be determined best light source for specific z distance.
In one embodiment, a collimated light beam is being superposeed by the enterprising row space of the lighting point that another light source threw light on.In an alternate embodiment,, light source carries out the multiplexed interference that reduces between each stack light source in time by being activated.For example, a controller (for example controller 470) can be used for collimated light source that z detects in activation and replaces between being used to throw light on by the light source of imaging region with activating.
In another embodiment, light is not accurately to collimate, but disperses slightly.Therefore, except that the position of the point that intersects according to reflecting member 454 and sensor 460 also can according to or then determine the z distance according to the size of described point.Big or small big more point is corresponding to big more z distance.This kind technology also can be used in combination with collimated light source technology mentioned above.
The interfere type signal.In another embodiment, can use the interfere type technology to realize the z distance detecting.A kind of interferometer uses the wave interference phenomenon to detect distance.Each traditional interferometer all can be used for detecting the z distance.Interferometer can be embedded in the master reference 460 or as the independent subsystem in the optical displacement detection system.
The CCD line.In one embodiment, the sensor 460 among Fig. 4 A and the 4B comprises a traditional charge-coupled device (CCD) (CCD).The line that formation one of CCD element and folded light beam 452,453,454 intersect.Thus, use the position of reflection light point to carry out the z distance detecting.
In one embodiment, also can use a simple mechanical push rods formula meter to carry out height detection.
Lift detection
In certain embodiments, optical devices can be lifted away from described surface, and learn that it will be very important usually that optical devices are in the air.Some is traditional lifts detection method and depends on and make the image out-focus that becomes write down and lift situation.This kind technology possibly can't produce accurate result.For example, relative hour of the amount that is lifted away from described surface, may form one still keep focusing on by imaging region 202, particularly when the little aperture of use obtains a bigger depth of field.Therefore, in one embodiment, the present invention can write down by the variation of distance between detection optical mouse and the tracking surface and lift situation.Therefore, z detection method mentioned above also can be used for detecting the z distance variation-this is lifted away from the surface corresponding to optical devices.In other embodiment, can use different tradition to lift detection method, for example use the pressure sensitive switch that is positioned on the optical input device bottom.
How Figure 19 illustration uses collimated light beam triangulation to detect in one embodiment when input media is lifted away from the surface.The surface that discuss in this place both can be optically coarse surface (for example timber, paper etc.), also can be optically smooth surface (for example glass).Another is chosen as, and described surface can be one to be positioned at surface coarse on the optics of surface underneath smooth on the optics (for example being coated with the wooden desk of glass plate).
In one embodiment, a collimated laser beam forms a bright spot in the visual field of imaging system central authorities.As shown in Figure 19, when optical devices are lifted away from described when surface, described point can on described surface, laterally move and thereby the image of described point can in the plane of delineation, move.When out of focus, the point that transverse shift occurs can be smudgy.
When described some lateral excursion during, will detect optical devices and be lifted greater than the specific range on the sensor array (in one embodiment, it can be linear).In one embodiment, this specific range is pre-definite.In one embodiment, can use amplification factor G＜1 to reduce the scope (being the size of detector array) of lateral excursion.
It is the single small size detecting device (referring to Figure 19) of D or the pin hole that (at optical axis) is positioned at a detector front that the simple effective method that another kind is used for detected image point transversal displacement is to use diameter.In one embodiment, when being lifted, light will can not be passed to detecting device, and power drop can be indicated be lifted (ON/OFF system).
In one embodiment, placement can provide indication once simple switch when mouse is lifted below one of them leg of mouse.
Illumination subsystems
In one embodiment, can obtain better picture quality by changing the intensity of being thrown light in the spike zone.In one embodiment, strengthen illumination by the electric current that increases single source to the spike zone.Return A, can use controller 270 to control the electric current that flow to light source 250 referring to Fig. 3.Controller 270 can receive input from a z distance detection system of optical devices.Because tracking surface 105 is in thick more transparent material layer 315 below the time, it is big more that tracking surface 105 is carried out the required light intensity of adequate illumination, thereby controller 270 can be configured to flow in z increase when becoming big the electric current of light source 250.
In alternate embodiment, use a plurality of light sources improve different z apart under the situation to the illumination of tracking surface.For example, Fig. 5 shows the diagram according to an embodiment of a kind of optical displacement detection system with two independent light sources of the present invention, and wherein each light source all is configured to the tracking surface below the transparent material that is in a different-thickness scope is thrown light on.The light of light source 551 is with angle [alpha] 1Be transmitted to the surface 305 of hyaline layer and with angle beta 1Pass hyaline layer 315.The light of light source 552 is then with angle [alpha] 2Be transmitted to the surface 305 of hyaline layer and with angle beta 2Pass hyaline layer 315.The lighting point 501 overlapping tracking surface 105 of light source 552 by imaging region 502.Light source 551 is positioned in one and is thrown light in one zone 503 apart from sensor 260 bigger z distances.Controller 570 can be used for controlling the activation of light source 551,552 (for example), so that only a light source is effective at every turn.Other be used for to the method that imaging region throws light on be set forth on April 15th, 2004 file an application and the name be called " multi-light-source illumination system (Multi-Light-Source Illumination System For Optical Pointing Device) that is used for the optical pointer device " coexist the application No. 10/826424 U.S. patent application case, the full text of this U.S. patent application case is incorporated herein with way of reference.
Sensor subsystem
After understanding the various embodiment that are used for the height of detection optical input media on tracking surface of the present invention, will improve the system and method for determining the picture quality highly located pre-by improving traditional sensor subsystem referring to a kind of being used for now.For example, various embodiments of the present invention also provide several and are used for by revising sensor subsystem 220 at the interior system and method that improves picture quality of various z distances.
Can improve picture quality by allow revising aperture in the sensing system or lens arrangement or sensor arrangement.Example to these structures is illustrated in this article.
Littler aperture.Return the A referring to Fig. 3, in one embodiment, lens 240 are replaced by the combination of an aperture or an aperture and lens, must pass aperture 380 arrival sensors 260 thereby make from the light of tracking surface 105 reflections.This is found among Fig. 3 B.(for the purpose of clear, the surface does not show transparency in Fig. 3 B).One has fixing undersized aperture can increase the depth of field.Therefore, having the surface that is in the bigger distance range seems to focus on.Therefore, can be positioned at below the hyaline layer with all thickness d and imaging is carried out on surface with various clearance distance g to one in the present embodiment, as long as total distance z is in the scope that seems to focus on.
Variable-sized aperture.In one embodiment, lens 240 are replaced by the combination of an aperture or an aperture and lens, and wherein said aperture has variable-sized.In one embodiment, can place the aperture of different size in sensor 260 fronts.For example, can have the aperture of different size to be present in one can be on the dish that sensor 260 rotates previously, so that use an aperture at every turn.Controller 270 can be configured to control which aperture of using in the described dish.Another is chosen as, can use one can be varying sized the aperture.In this kind situation, controller 270 can be configured to control the size in aperture.
It should be noted that the size in aperture is more little in small-bore and the two kinds of embodiment in variable-sized aperture, energy loss is just big more.For overcoming energy loss, can increase illumination intensity by the power that increase is applied to light source 250.In one embodiment, controller 270 is controlled the light intensity that light sources 250 are sent.Another is chosen as or in addition, can will has the Different Light of varying strength and the aperture pairing of different size.In these embodiments, which light source controller 270 can determine to make connect.
The telecentric iris imaging system.In one embodiment, replace lens 240 with a telecentric lens system.The telecentric lens system a kind ofly wherein makes emergent pupil be positioned at the structure of unlimited distance by design.Therefore, optical imaging system is insensitive to being positioned high object to a certain scope.In one embodiment, the telecentric iris imaging system is designed to fully the tracking surface 105 of z distance in 0 to 10mm scope be carried out imaging.In the depth of field of telecentric lens, telecentric lens will can demonstrate fault in enlargement hardly.The size of image can be with variable in distance.Yet, skew occurred by imaging region, thereby lighting point also must correspondingly be offset.In addition, the telecentric iris imaging system reduces to the energy of sensor 260 emissions.Thereby, can use the light of greater strength or use difference or extra light source to improve the image that receives in sensor 260 places.
A plurality of sensors.Referring now to Fig. 6,, it shows the diagram of an a kind of embodiment of the optical displacement detection system 200 of the present invention with two separated sensors 661,662, and wherein each sensor all is configured to the tracking surface 105 below the transparent material 315 that is in a different-thickness scope are carried out imaging.In other embodiments, use more than two sensors.Each sensor 661,662 is all at a different distance range optimization.In example shown in Figure 6, sensor 661 is configured to focus on the image-region 601, and image-region 601 is in a degree of depth that is suitable for image tracking surface 105.Yet sensor 662 is configured to focus on the image-region 604, and image-region 604 will be suitable for much thick transparent material layer 315.In one embodiment, controller 670 is configured to which sensor to provide optimized image characteristic (for example contrast, resolution or similar characteristics) to select between each sensor according to.
Autofocus system.In one embodiment, sensor subsystem changes the lens that are used to make image focusing, until the image optimumization that receives at the sensor place, promptly obtains till the best picture characteristics.Another is chosen as, and sensor subsystem can be configured to can be in response to the variation of z distance.Therefore, can use the z distance that obtains by above-mentioned technology to determine that the result is used for determining suitable lens as the input of sensor subsystem.In case find best focal length, then just can use illumination subsystems as mentioned below make illumination optimization to tracking surface.
The shape-variable imaging len.In one embodiment, in sensor subsystem, use variable shape lens.For example, the optical characteristics of some lens can be come change by applying the electric field that is used to change lens peculiarity, for example lengthening or shorten focal length.Therefore, can apply electric field, turn to until the image optimum that receives at the sensor place and end variable shape lens with the intensity that increases or reduce.The shape-variable imaging len can be realized automatic focus.Voice coil loudspeaker voice coil, stepping motor, and piezoelectricity also be the technology that is used at autofocus system mobile optical element.
Above illustrate on the diffusing surface that relates to the various degree of depth place below layer of transparent or trnaslucent materials and carry out the optics spike.In some environment, there is not diffusing surface in the optical sensor scope below transparent or semitransparent layer.Next part need not to be provided with diffusing surface just can carry out spike on described transparent or semitransparent material layer the embodiment of the invention with explanation below transparent or semitransparent material layer.
On transparent surface, carry out spike
In one embodiment, use the dark field imaging to optical devices the displacement on transparent and/or translucent surface carry out spike.In one embodiment, the dark field imaging is meant that use carries out imaging by the light of some the body institute diffusion on the transparent surface.Have only from the light of described body (for example dust, particulate or the like) diffraction, refraction and reflection and can enter lens and form image.Under the situation that does not have these bodies, the visual field seems to deceive fully, because do not have light reflection or diffraction to go in the object lens.Other information about the dark field imaging are found among http://micro.magnet.fsu.Edu/primer/techniques/darkfieldreflect. html and the http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/darkfield/reflected/ind ex.html, and these network address are incorporated herein with way of reference.
In certain embodiments, these bodies can be present on the transparent surface originally.For example, or even on the glass surface of a relative clean also will usually have some dust spot, fingerprint residues thing etc.In other embodiments, then can on transparent surface, execute this kind of cloth body.Hereinafter will discuss each situation in these situations respectively.
Use the body that exists originally to carry out the dark field imaging:
An embodiment of Fig. 7 A illustration one dark field imaging system 700.Dark field imaging system 700 comprises from the light on the surface 305 of at least one light source (not shown) directive one transparent material 315 (for example glass).In one embodiment, transparent material 315 has dirt residue 705 on surface 110, for example oil stain or the grease in fingerprint or the solvent residues.As shown in Fig. 7 A, on the surface 305 of light 751 directive hyaline layers 315, this makes reflected light 752 not pass imaging len 750 and is collected by detecting device array 740.In other words, reflected light 752 (being zero order light) is not in the numerical aperture of object lens.Yet diffraction takes place in the light 751 that is incident on the dirt residue 705, and at least a portion diffraction light 756 is in the numerical aperture of objective.Therefore, in dark field imaging system 700, the background of black is corresponding to the clean part in the surface 305, and bright zone is then corresponding to the part that has dirt residue 705 in the surface 305.An advantage of dark field imaging system 700 is that it provides a hard contrast image from the glass sample (" dirty glass ") with residue.
In one embodiment, α cBe the angle between OA1 (beam optical axis) and the line T that sets by the optical axis OA2 of objective aperture and detecting device, as shown in Fig. 7 A.In one embodiment, reduce α cCan increase best dark field efficient (with regard to dirt residue detects).In one embodiment, in mouse system according to an embodiment of the invention, α cLess than 12 °.In one embodiment, α cLess than 7 °.
In practice, reach so little α cValue needs illuminating bundle to have deflection near objective aperture.In certain embodiments, can be designed to realize that the optical element (for example prism) of total internal reflection realizes little α by a catoptron 760 or c(referring to Fig. 7 B﹠amp; 7C).Also can there be several other structures.For example, light source can be placed to than lens and more be close to tracking surface, and can use catoptron that light is guided on the described surface.
In one embodiment, in industrial system, obtaining best α c, need careful size and the shape of controlling illuminating bundle.More specifically, should there be light, because this kind parasitic (for example the Gaussian distribution by laser beam intensity causes and/or caused by diffraction ring) makes system can't be the dark field form veritably along distance, delta x (distance between lens opening and the nearest mirror reflection light beam) from the mirror reflection light beam.Can control this kind parasitic by the peripheral light (PR among Fig. 7 A) that uses custom-designed diffraction optical element (DOE) control illuminating bundle.The function of DOE provides desirable light beam otch (" edge of a knife "), offsets diffraction effect simultaneously.Thus, obtain step intensity distributions (approaching " top cap " shape) rather than undesirable gaussian-shape curve along the plane, lens opening with afterbody.In one embodiment, this kind step intensity distributions is 0 and is 1 on the light beam side along Δ x ideally.
In one embodiment, illuminating bundle is focused on an angle θ.For several reasons that comprise following reason, use small focusing angle more favourable.At first, as shown in Fig. 7 A, distance, delta x less than the collimated light beam situation-this make system make mirror reflection light be in the object lens aspect robust more.The second, can reduce critical angle α cVariation in FOV.The 3rd, can in enough big focusing angle, reach the compatibility with eye-safe standard 1M, and can use than power bigger in grade 1.
For reducing the size of imaging system, can use catoptron and prism to fold the optical path of imaging len.An a kind of embodiment who is used for the dark field imaging system 800 of the present invention of optical input device 110 of Fig. 8 A illustration.In Fig. 8 A illustrated embodiment, dark field imaging system 800 comprises two light sources 851,852.Usually, light source 851,852 is LED, the combination in any of for example traditional red LED, laser diode or similar LED or these LED.For example, can make a light source 851 be laser instrument, and another light source 852 is LED.
In one embodiment, one according to an embodiment of the invention the dark field imaging system comprise N light source, VCSEL for example, this N light source be approximate equidistantly and each other layout equally spacedly around the visual field and the described visual field.In one embodiment, light source 851,852,853 is LED, for example traditional red LED.In one embodiment, light source 851,852,853 is a laser diode, for example VCSEL or similar laser diode.Fig. 8 C shows three light sources 851,852,853 of arranging in this mode, but also can use the light source 851,852,853 of any fair amount.In one embodiment, light source does not wait quantity of light source from 2 to 6.
Return A, pass an imaging len 840 from some diffraction lights 856 at least of dirt residue 705 diffraction of surface on 305 and arrive prisms 845 and the final detector array 860 that arrives referring to Fig. 8.Arbitrary type known or mentioned above in the technical field under detector array 880 can comprise.In one embodiment, the sensor in the detector array 880 is a cmos sensor, and it links to the circuit (not shown) that is used to carry out traditional imaging processing or digital signal processing.
The illumination subsystems of dark field optical system
In one embodiment, work best for making dark field optical system 800, adequate illumination is carried out in the reply visual field 801.For example, system 800 is designed to the illumination that working strength is at least 1mW and is thrown light in the visual field 801.In one embodiment, the design object of system 800 be by use one big vertical and radially the light angle scope encourage the order of diffraction as much as possible, prevent to make the zero level that is reflected to be in the numerical aperture of lens 840 simultaneously.Described illumination subsystems can have many kinds structure, but for for the purpose of illustrating, three kinds of example system that can satisfy these design features is described hereinafter.
Uneven radial illumination.In one embodiment, incoherent light source (for example LED) 801 equidistantly and is each other arranged with the described visual field 801 is approximate equally spacedly around the visual field on N space.Fig. 8 C shows three light sources of arranging in this way 851,852,853, but also can use the light source 851,852,853 of any fair amount.In one embodiment, light source does not wait quantity of light source from 2 to 6.Have a narrow lighting angle if it should be noted that described light source, for example, then do not need to use condenser lens less than 20 degree.In one embodiment, the light from light source 851,852,853 obtains collimation so that more uniform illumination is carried out on surface 305.In one embodiment, realize illumination with 3 LASER Light Source (VCSEL) 851,852,853 that in being parallel to the plane of glass surface, are mutually 120 ° of angles each other.In an alternate embodiment, can use 2 laser instruments with vertical illumination direction.
Uniform radial illumination.In another embodiment, can use the combination of a laser diode 854 and a diffraction optical element (" DOE ") 882 to realize uniform radial illumination.An embodiment of the radial illuminator 880 of use one laser instrument 854 and a DOE 882 in Fig. 8 C illustration one dark field imaging system.Radial illuminator 880 advantage is shown in Fig. 8 D, only needs to use a light source to realize uniform radial illumination.Described system is around optical axis 881 symmetries.DOE 882 can comprise or the back diversity that strengthens the vertical lighting angle on a single point in the surface 305 that falls within transparent material 315 with a diffusing globe.For example, DOE 882 can comprise a holographic diffuser.Size and structure on each assembly are decided, and can use a beam splitter (not shown) that illuminator and image-forming detecting system are separated.Beam splitter can be between lens 840 and DOE 882.
Throw light on a controlled annular lighting angle.In another embodiment, can use one for example to have that the LED of controlled annular lighting angle throws light on.Another is chosen as, and a Bragg grating or other members produce one makes zero order reflection can not fall within the interior luminous profile of numerical aperture of imaging len 840.One microresonator LED or resonant cavity LED (" RCLED ") can provide one with use the similar ring illumination profile of ring illumination profile phase that is obtained above with reference to described laser instrument and the DOE of Fig. 8 D.As indicated above, an advantage of this kind method is to use single source to realize uniform radial illumination.
When using a plurality of light source 851,852,853, in one embodiment, adopt a kind of algorithm how determine/when connect and use this a plurality of light sources 851,852 and 853.Fig. 8 E is a process flow diagram, and how its demonstration uses three lasing light emitters 851,852 and 853 according to an embodiment.
In one embodiment, connect first lasing light emitter 851 (step 891).Then, judge whether (step 892) detects the body that enough is used for the calculating optical displacement from the teeth outwards.If detect enough bodies, then do not need to operate any other light source.And if do not detect enough bodies, then connect secondary light source 852 (step 894).Judge once more whether (step 892) detects enough bodies from the teeth outwards.If detect enough bodies, then do not need to operate any other light source.And if do not detect enough bodies, then connect the 3rd light source 853 (step 895).
In one embodiment, in case connect another light source, the previous light source of connecting just can turn-off.In other words, each light source is alternately connected, and only has a light source to connect constantly at each.And in another embodiment, when secondary light source was connected, first light source still kept connecting, and the rest may be inferred, thereby use these light sources simultaneously when needed.
In another embodiment, during a sensor frames, all laser instruments 851,852 and 853 are alternately connected.In this kind embodiment, sensor is taken long exposure image, and at this time durations, all laser instruments alternately glimmer.
In another embodiment, each lasing light emitter 851,852 and 853 all is associated with the detecting device picture.For example, laser instrument 851 is connected and detecting device is captured picture #1, and laser instrument 852 is connected and detecting device is captured picture #2, and laser instrument 853 is connected and detecting device is captured picture #3.Then, calculate the relevance between each three-picture, and amount of movement is implemented average.In detail, when the source is connected once more, all calculate a related numeral.These 3 independently related numerals that obtained at an image (3 pictures) can be presented to the spike algorithm.
System has two kinds of patterns according to an embodiment of the invention: calibration mode and mode of operation.In calibration mode, regulate the duration of the pulse of self-excitation light source 851,852 and 853, so that make all lasing light emitters obtain the power of equivalence.In mode of operation, (during measuring) regulates the duration of the pulse of self-excitation light source 851,852 and 853 then in real time, so that (all laser instruments) dark field efficient is maximized respectively.
It should be noted that and discuss three light sources herein just as an example, and, can use the light source of any amount according to various embodiments of the present invention.File an application and name is called the 10/826th of the application that coexists of " be used for passive type filter the dual illuminator (Dual Illumination System for Optical Mouse associated withPassive Optical Filtering) of the optical mouse be associated " on April 15th, 2004, discussed a plurality of light sources substantially in No. 424 application cases, this application case is incorporated herein in full with way of reference.
The interfere type detection system
Fig. 9 A illustration one is used for carrying out the embodiment of optics spike with the interfere type detection system 900 of the present invention measured along the x axle on transparent or semitransparent surface.Can use an identical system to measure along the y axle.In addition, also can use one very similarly system measure displacement (for example lifting detection) along the z axle.Light 950 passes beam splitter 990, so that light 950 splits into two parts.One of them light beam 991-is called reference beam 991-directed toward detector 960, and another light beam 990 is the transparent or semitransparent layer 315 of directive then.Another is chosen as, and beam splitter 990 can become two-part at least device to replace photo-fission by a diffraction grating or other.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 9 A, hyaline layer 315 makes light beam 992 carry out Rayleigh (Rayleigh) scattering 996.The part of Rayleigh scattering 996 is subjected to backscattering 998 and is collected by detecting device 960.Thus, the reference beam 991 that will have a constant frequency with reconfigure through backscattered light 998, through the frequency of backscattered light 998 according to light source with surperficial 305 between the speed of relative motion pass through Doppler shift.These two interfering beams, 991,998 sums produce one ripple-beat frequency, can measure described ripple-beat frequency and detect the speed of relative motion and the time quantum that relative motion appears in detection, so that determine displacement.
In one embodiment, for optical mouse was used, described ripple-beat frequency is approximate to be in the 10kHz scope.In addition, in one embodiment, can use accelerometer to determine sense of displacement.In addition, in one embodiment, can use an accelerometer on the x direction and on the y direction, use another accelerometer.
In one embodiment, the design of sensor subsystem can make the shot noise of system be restricted in the interfere type detection system.Yet the operation of interfere type detection system 900 still leans on the enough back-scattered lights 998 of detecting device 960 receptions and comes tracer signal.Rayleigh intensity is directly proportional with the biquadratic of wavelength.Therefore, can be by using more short wavelength's light 950, for example blue light (about 480nm) but not infrared ray (850nm) obtain the Rayleigh intensity of a high order of magnitude.Even can use homodyne to amplify to amplifying from the weak signal of back-scattered light 998, for example as on photonics basis that B.E.A.Saleh and M.C.Teich showed ( Fundamentals of Photonics) described in (Wiley, New York, 1991), its relevant portion is incorporated herein with way of reference.
In certain embodiments, may be displacement with surveying along the Doppler shift flase drop of z axle along x and/or y axle.Fig. 9 B illustration one is used for carrying out the embodiment of interfere type detection system 900 of the present invention of compensated for the z displacement of optics spike on transparent or semitransparent surperficial 305, described system comprises a diffraction grating 999.In this embodiment, reference light (from the light of surface 305 reflections) reflects with 90 degree, and reference light 991 passes a transmission diffraction grating 999 (it does not make BEAM SQUINT in one embodiment) directive one detecting device 960.Back-scattered light 998 is with the given average angle illumination beam 999 between 30 degree and 60 degree.In one embodiment, lens (not shown) are positioned over grating 999 fronts to collect more rayieigh backscatter light 998.In one embodiment, grating 999 makes rayieigh backscatter light 998 along a deviation in driction perpendicular to the surface 305 of transparent or semitransparent material 315.Therefore, reference beam 991 and backscattering light beam 998 are propagated along same direction between diffraction grating 999 and detecting device 960.
For accurately detecting, can use light from transparent material surface reflection as reference ripple 991 along the displacement of z axle.Doppler shift results from compression or the expansion of ripple along its direction of propagation.When surface 305 reached vertical motion with respect to measurement mechanism while edge is horizontal, reference beam was only to z displacement sensitivity, and back-scattered light is then to x and two kinds of displacement sensitivities of z.In this kind situation, reflected light experiences identical Doppler shift with rayieigh backscatter light along vertical pivot.Because the two experiences identical Doppler shift reference beam 991 and backscattering light beam 998 on the z direction, thereby the received ripple beat frequency of detecting device 960 is only to x displacement sensitivity.For the z displacement, beat frequency (it equals two difference on the frequencies between the ripple) is zero.Therefore, described system can be configured to that displacement compensates to z.Yet, because the reflection at air/glass interface place reduces (if throw light on perpendicular to described interface with respect to obtainable reflection when using beam splitter shown in Fig. 9 A, then be 4%), thereby use may reduce the homodyne enlarge-effect from surperficial 305 light that reflect as reference light beam 991.
Another is chosen as, and for increasing reference signal power and avoiding using beam splitter, can use a kind of example interfere type detection system structure as shown in Figure 10.Light 1051 conducts that a kind of use of Figure 10 illustration is reflected from the surface 305 of transparent or semitransparent material 315 are with reference to an embodiment of the interfere type detection system 1000 of the present invention of light beam.In this example, light 1050 is parallel to surface 305 direction polarization and uses with a light angle that reduces along one.According to fresnel's law, compare with vertical illumination, have the light that has more four times and reflex to surface 305 with 60 angles of spending with respect to vertical axis.Thereby, by polarization effect is combined with light angle, can increase from the surface by 305 reflections 1051 and be incident in the amount of the light 1050 on the detecting device 1060.In addition, owing to the reference beam and the back-scattered light 1098 of reflected light 1051 are propagated along same direction, thereby interference signal improves.And structure for example shown in Figure 10 need not to use beam splitter, thereby has improved the simplicity and the compactedness of design.
Light 1051 conducts that one use of Figure 11 illustration is reflected from the surface 305 of transparent or semitransparent material 315 are with reference to another embodiment of the interfere type detection system 1100 of the present invention of light beam.As shown in Figure 11, Doppler shift can make the direction of rayieigh backscatter light 1198 change.Therefore, when moving, collect back-scattered light 1198 with a different angle with respect to surface 305 along the x direction when interfere type detection system 1100 with respect to surface 305.One catoptron 1194 is used to make rayieigh backscatter light 1198 directives one diffraction grating 1199, and described diffraction grating 1199 is used for back-scattered light 1198 and reference light 1051 are reconfigured.Described with reference to Fig. 9 B as mentioned, described diffraction grating departs from rayieigh backscatter light beam 1198, so that it is propagated along same direction with folded light beam 1051 between diffraction grating 1199 and detecting device 1060.
Figure 12 A illustration one has a light source 1251 and four detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2An embodiment of interfere type detection system of the present invention.In one embodiment, the light of propagating from light source 1251 is propagated through collimation and towards grating 1201.Fall within this four detecting device PDX from the part of the light of grating 1201 diffraction 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2In each on.In addition, the part of the light of propagating from light source 1251 is passed grating 1201 and is arrived hyaline layers 315, occurs Rayleigh scattering (showing in the figure) in hyaline layer 315.The part of Rayleigh scattering light is superimposed on this four the detecting device PDX that fall within from grating 1201 diffraction 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2In on the light on each.For example, shown in Figure 12 A, detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2Be arranged to make two detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2Be positioned on the x axle to be used to detect x displacement and two detecting device PDY 1, PDY 2Be positioned on the y axle to be used to detect the y displacement.The sectional view of Figure 12 B illustration one when the interfere type detection system shown in Figure 12 A is in the optical input device.For ease of discussing, Figure 12 B only comprises that two are positioned at being used on the x axle and detect the detecting device PDX of x displacement 1, PDX 2
Return A, PDX referring to Figure 12 1And PDX 2Signal with receiving corresponding to the combination of x direction and z direction top offset in the embodiment shown, passes through PDX 1Received signal determine along the symbol of the displacement of x axle will with pass through PDX 2The opposite in sign that received signal is determined along the displacement of x axle.For ease of discussing, by PDX 1The signal that is received will be known as the combination of representing along the displacement of negative x direction and z direction, and by PDX 2The signal that is received will be known as the combination of representing along the displacement of positive x direction and z direction.PDY 1And PDY 2Signal with receiving corresponding to the combination of y direction and z direction top offset in the embodiment shown, passes through PDY 1Received signal determine along the symbol of the displacement of y axle will with pass through PDY 2The opposite in sign that received signal is determined along the displacement of y axle.Equally, for ease of discussing, by PDY 1The signal that is received will be known as the combination of representing along the displacement of negative y direction and z direction, and by PDY 2The signal that is received will be known as the combination of representing along the displacement of positive y direction and z direction.
Except that structure mentioned above, in certain embodiments, can use accelerometer to detect the direction of displacement.The person of ordinary skill in the field will know, can use based on the vibration in the Doppler signal is counted or the signal Processing of applying frequency analysis (for example FFT), according to detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2The signal that receives is determined the value of x displacement and/or the value of z displacement.Similarly, can be according to detecting device PDY 1, PDY 2The signal that receives is determined the value of y displacement and/or the value of z displacement.
Figure 13 illustration one has an embodiment of the interfere type detection system 1300 of the present invention of a transparent grating 1301.In example shown in Figure 13, interfere type detection system 1300 comprises a light source 1351, a transparent grating 1301, reaches four detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2In one embodiment, the light of propagating from light source 1351 is propagated through collimation and towards transparent grating 1301.A part-the zero order light of the light of light source 1351-1302 diffraction along the path.The part of light source 1351-one-level light-interact along path 1303a, 1303b, 1303c, 1303d (being referred to as 1303) diffraction and with hyaline layer 315.After intersecting with hyaline layer 315, the part of described light reflects along path 1304a, 1304b, 1304c, 1304d (being referred to as 1304) respectively from the surface 305 of hyaline layer.In addition, the part of described light 1303 is propagated along the path, pass hyaline layer 315 and respectively along the path 1304 by Rayleigh scattering to detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2Detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2Receive reflected light from surface 305 when being positioned in optical input device 110 and being positioned on the surface 305.Thereby, as indicated above, detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2Collected light is represented 305 light that reflect from the surface of 1303 propagation along the path and the mixed light of the light of 1304 process Rayleigh scatterings along the path.According to detecting device PDX 1, PDX 2, PDY 1, PDY 2The signal that is received can be as mentioned with reference to the described displacement that detects on x direction, y direction and z direction of Figure 12 A.
Be formed for the body of dark field imaging:
I) execute the system that cloth combines with dark field based on droplet
A) principle:
In one embodiment, can provide a good reference surface that is used on glass surface, carrying out spike executing the little water droplet of cloth on the glass surface.Traditional LED or laser illumination system just can form enough contrasts.Another is chosen as, and can and/or make chemical substance have that (or interspersing among on the glass surface) significantly improves contrast in the little water droplet by dark field illumination.Therefore, droplet and dark field imaging are combined appears as a kind of glass spike form that has prospect.
Watermaking system has several advantages.It is very dirty that transparent or semitransparent surface can not seem, and liquid can disappear because of spontaneous evaporation.It should be noted that and also can use other appropriate liquid to replace water.Yet, in one embodiment, need use an effective spraying system and a hold-up vessel with short interval Nei Shibu droplet.The key element and the function of this kind tracing system 1400 are shown among Figure 14.
Existing basic function and related elements will be illustrated hereinafter in the described system.
B) collect
Because the consumption of liquid, described system need use a holding tank 1410, and holding tank 1410 may must fill or change termly.Can there be various solutions, for example:
Passive type fills: in one embodiment, the disposable type tube that is replaced is being formed with the light time by one for described jar.Another is chosen as, and with the liquid that is contained in the tube one nonvolatil jar is filled.
Active filling: in one embodiment, in the mouse use, collect moisture content and it is delivered to described jar.This can realize by a Peltier cooling system.The latter can make moisture content condensation contained in the surrounding air.Can use capillary force that condensate water is flowed in described jar.The porous matrix that Figure 15 illustration is a kind of wherein can use a hole that is gradually changed by size to make obtains the method for capillary force.
Semi-active type fills: in one embodiment, the moisture content collection system is only effective when mouse is not connected to an external power source during use.In one embodiment, can for example obtain power supply (insertion ﹠amp by mouse being connected to a USB port; Fill).In another embodiment, use a stand (for example mouse docking station) to provide power supply for described moisture content collection system (Peltier element).In an embodiment again, use one stand/docking station directly to fill liquid tank.For example, described stand comprises a jar and a valve so that the conveying of controlling liquid.
C) storage
In one embodiment, estimate will storage liquid volume between 0.5 and 5cm 3Between.Because space available in the mouse is limited, thereby in one embodiment, storage tank 1420 is made by a kind of flexible material so that post around other mouse intrawares.For example, in one embodiment, described jar form by a flexible bottle of making by silicone.
D) spray
Eject droplets in various manners.For example:
In one embodiment, as in the ink gun, using a piezoelectric element to monitor the volume of jet chamber 1430.In another embodiment, use a hot system to detect the volume of jet chamber.These systems can control size (to a certain extent) and the quantity and the Shi Bu pattern of droplet.In one embodiment, jetting system 1430 comprises several holes, and this decides (referring to following F part) on used droplet configuration.
In one embodiment, a porous matrix is heated (for example using electric current) so that liquid evaporation and the droplet pattern (referring to Figure 15) that forms at random that is condensate on the glass surface by nature.
E) detect
For making the contrast maximum between droplet and the glass surface background, use dark field illumination system mentioned above in certain embodiments of the present invention.In one embodiment, except that using the dark field imaging, also can use control (referring to following G part) to some droplet characteristic.In another embodiment, can use control to substitute the dark field imaging to some droplet characteristic (referring to following G part).
F) spike
Can be by in the visual field of imaging system (FOV), executing the single droplet of cloth or one clump of droplet 1405 is realized spike.Size, shape, quantity and the configuration that can control droplet 1405 based on the spraying system of pressure mentioned above.In one embodiment, droplet 1405 has the hemispherical shape that a diameter is D (because of the surface tension of water is falcate) on described surface, and diameter D is between the 10-100 micron.D is more little, detects just difficult more (because of size less and evaporation time is shorter), but liquid-consumed just few more.
Can use several droplet configurations.In one embodiment, the central authorities in the visual field execute the single droplet of cloth.In another embodiment, execute the droplet pattern of cloth one rule, for example an equilateral triangle layout or sexangle layout with known mutual spacing.In an embodiment again, Shi Buyi droplet pattern (for example using a system based on evaporation and condensation to obtain) at random.In addition, in one embodiment, can be as hereinafter in the physical property of controlling droplet described in the G part to a certain extent.In one embodiment, set by evaporation time and respectively go here and there the interval between the cloth of executing of droplet.In another embodiment, set this interval (promptly depending on Mouse Scroll and FOV size) according to the time that arrives border, the visual field.In another embodiment, set this interval by the combination of these factors.
G) character of control droplet
In one embodiment, for the benefit of carry out spike, can control some characteristic of droplet to a certain extent, detect and the prolongation evaporation time so that improve.In one embodiment, can on glass surface, scatter a kind of chemical substance (for example using a rag through dipping).In other embodiments, chemical substance is diluted in the liquid of droplet.
For example adjuvant such as surfactant can change the surface tension of droplet, and from and change the meniscus shape (be radius-of-curvature and with respect to the angle on surface) and the evaporation time of droplet.Because big, thereby meniscus shape controlled help using the dark field imaging to detect greatly the collection quantitative change of back-scattered light.In addition, on glass surface, provide a hydrophobic layer can make evaporation time obviously slack-off.This can provide longer detection time and reduce liquid-consumed amount.In one embodiment, add and to have fluorescent characteristic (in UV, exciting usually) or visible chemical reagent in NIR only.Some can be used for changing the droplet characteristic and helps will further specifying in next part its material that detects.
II) use mouse preceding at the cloth pattern of executing on glass
In one embodiment, before using mouse, on glass surface, scatter the pattern that (for example use rag or by spraying) a pair of observer can't see.Thus can be in UV, NIR (for example absorbability or transmittance pattern) or in visible spectrum (if utilizing fluorescent material), detect a pattern that has a contrast.
The example of spendable material comprises hydrocarbon, oil, grease, polymkeric substance, soap, fluorescence molecule or the like.Several examples are provided hereinafter.In the hydrocarbon of grease class, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) all can provide preferable spike result under two kinds of situations of visible light (640nm) illumination and IR (850nm) illumination for the standard mouse sensor.The MoS2 grease is very common in gear and bearing lubrication, so cost is lower.Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) particulate can improve the quality of spike.Compare with the grease on the staff for example, also make glass surface seem not too dirty.
In another embodiment, can use a kind of invisible (for bore hole) dyestuff that under UV illumination, can send fluorescence can detect and identifiable pattern (fluorescent ink) comes the making glass surface with one.In one embodiment, use UV LED (for example 375nm) to implement the UV excitation.The fluorescence that is sent can be in visible frequency band or the NIR frequency band.In one embodiment, use the fluorescein (C20H12O5) of standard.Another is chosen as, and the invisible marking ink of some UV for good and all is present on glass and can sends fluorescence in blue bands, green bands or red band (617nm).
In another embodiment, use a kind of IR fluorescent ink.This ink has simulation (absorption) peak wavelength of 793nm and emission (fluorescence) wavelength of 840nm usually.Absorb and launch the two and can be used for presenting a contrast and carry out spike.
Absorb: the IR fluorescent ink can be simulated with the IR LED of a 720-740nm.Dim spot will appear in the position at the light of ink absorption described in the sensor image.
Emission: the IR LED of an available 720-740nm or a red-side light emitting diode come Simulation with I R fluorescent ink.Sensor need use the optical filter of a 830nm to detect the fluorescence that is sent.
III. dust scatters
To illustrate that below another is used for the embodiment that carries out spike on glass/other transparent or semitransparent surfaces.
In mouse according to an embodiment of the invention, mouse body comprises one and encompasses the several perforates of polymkeric substance as the visual field-may have (described circular element can be considered as a series of contacting with each other or tight alternate mouse leg).Should contact with glass surface around element, to scatter the dirt residue that is present in already on the glass surface.Thereby this can be reduced in and exist the cleaning area to make dark field system can't carry out the danger of spike in the above on the glass surface.In certain embodiments, described dust scatters on leg that element is arranged in mouse, the leg or around described leg.
In different embodiment, it is to be made by for example different materials such as foam, polymkeric substance, little air-brush, Teflon slide that described dust scatters part.In addition, the character of described dust distribution part, structure etc. are also different because of different embodiment.For example, described dust scatter part can be circular, segmentation or the like.
In addition, in one embodiment, one according to an embodiment of the invention mouse can comprise the element of one or more dusts that are used to provide extra.In one embodiment, this kind element will be similar to one and comprise the end of soft pen that oil liquid or any other can carry out the material of surface indicia.
It should be noted that various technology mentioned above can be used in combination with dark field imaging mentioned above.
IV. focus spike:
In one embodiment, use a laser beam 1607 that focuses on forming a focus 1605 on the transparent surface 305 and making it on an IR detector array 1610, carry out imaging subsequently, to be used as the reference point of carrying out spike.In one embodiment, when focus is about to be in outside the visual field of being defined by array size or hot(test)-spot temperature reduce to a detection threshold Δ T 0(with respect to environment temperature) forms a new focus when following.
A kind of possible structural form that is used for the focus spike of illustration in Figure 16.In one embodiment, use reflectivity optics device to avoid using under the IR that is higher than the glass transmission range (5 μ m) situation, originally may to need the germainium lens that uses.
List some physics Consideration and system requirements when implementing this kind spike principle below according to one embodiment of the invention:
The power of-light source is enough to form a detectable focus.
The power symbol eye-safe standard of-light source.
-heat time heating time t hThe locus that is enough to realize heating fully and focus is provided in the mouse displacement process.
-focus constant cool time long enough is with the time interval t before forming a new focus iMake temperature be kept above a detection threshold Δ T during this time 0
-each pixel spent time-depend on pixel quantity N * N, spatial resolution Δ x and the highest Mouse Scroll (0.5m/s)-long enough, to obtain an enough big signal to noise ratio (snr).
Figure 17 illustration one heating-time plot.Figure 17 shown focus emerge and cooling procedure in some involved important parameter.Provide in one embodiment the value of using/obtaining below:
t h＝10μs
t i＝1ms
P max＝100mW
P mean＝1mW
Heat energy E h=1 μ J
N * N=50 2Individual pixel
Δ x=20 μ m (resolution=pixel size is when G=1)
d＝10μm
h＝50μm
Amplification factor G=1
In one embodiment, the light source that uses a wavelength that is sent to be in the glass absorption spectrum ranges (promptly be in UV or be higher than in the IR scope of 5 μ m) comes heating glass.The example of IR scope light source is the cascade laser of being made by AlpLaser company.In one embodiment, use a light source (for example being in the VCSEL of visible light or NIR scope) that in glass transmitted spectrum scope, sends wavelength available to come heating glass.
In one embodiment, for successfully carrying out spike, need to exist at least 10 ℃ temperature difference.
Figure 18 shows one at T=293K (20 ℃) and T+ Δ T 0The blackbody radiation spectrum launching curve under (10 ℃) situation and the wavelength transmission or the sensing range of various materials.
In certain embodiments, for example carry out under the appropriate cooling situation-can use the Peltier element and realizing, using for example detecting device such as HgCdZnTe or PbSe.In other embodiments, then use pyroelectric detector.Being similar to mechanical stress wherein, can to produce the piezoelectric of electrical polarization similar, and thermoelectric material is very sensitive to temperature difference.Yet in thermoelectric material, ion can move in through the lattice that changes until reaching balance and voltage difference and disappear.Therefore, pyroelectric detector is only to temperature variation (promptly to the AC signal) sensitivity.Generally speaking, it uses with mechanical chopper or amplitude modulation source.
The example of temperature variation reason comprises:
-under mouse rapid traverse situation, when the energy variation when a pixel moves to another pixel.
Under-(or the not being shifted) situation that slowly is shifted at mouse, because of the VCSEL source (at t hT at regular intervals during this time iLuminous) load cycle cause energy variation.
In one embodiment, use a 2D pyroelectric detector array.
It should be noted that the various technology that is used for carrying out spike on glass (perhaps other transparent or semitransparent surfaces) mentioned above can use separately, perhaps can be used in combination with one or more other technologies.For example, can use with traditional illuminator or with the dark field imaging on glass surface, executing the cloth droplet.In addition, also can use the control that characteristics of liquids carries out for improving contrast with traditional illuminator or dark field imaging system.In addition, in one embodiment, use one " intelligence system ", a kind of combination that it can a kind of formal transformation from these forms becomes another kind of form or convert these forms to.For example, can go up at independent dirty glass (dirt residue is carried out spike) and use the dark field spike separately, simultaneously can be only when using dark field that enough big contrast can't be provided separately the execution droplet execute cloth/surperficial wiping.This kind conversion both can manually activate also and can activate automatically.
For light source mentioned above and structure, it should be noted that in one embodiment a kind of system according to an embodiment of the invention will look environmental baseline and be in a kind of in these two kinds of imaging patterns:
When below glass, not having material, the image of the dirty body on the glass surface is carried out spike.
Thereby when below glass, existing scattering material to make background signal, described background signal (promptly at the glass surface place) formed spot in imaging plane is carried out spike greater than the background signal that obtained by (i).
Know easily that according to above illustrating embodiments disclosed herein provide a kind of novel and preferable system and method that is used for carrying out at optical devices sensing.Above explanation only discloses and sets forth exemplary methods of the present invention and embodiment.The person of ordinary skill in the field should be appreciated that the present invention can be embodied as other concrete forms, and this does not deviate from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic.For example, described embodiment also can be applicable in other field and the environment, and can be used in combination with wherein wishing other application of carrying out the optics sensing.Correspondingly, this disclosure is intended to as to the exemplary of category of the present invention and the indefiniteness explanation.

Claims (13)

1, a kind of dark field optical displacement detection system that can carry out the optical input device of spike on the surface of material layer, described material layer make at least some light pass described layer, have some body on the described surface, and described system comprises:
Light source, it is used for illuminating bundle being thrown light in described surface, and described illuminating bundle has optical axis;
Lens, it is positioned in the aperture to receive at least some diffraction light from described lip-deep described some body but does not receive from the zero order light of described surface mirror reflection; And
Detecting device, it is coupled to the described lens that receive described some diffraction light at least optically, and wherein said detecting device has second optical axis.
2, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formed angle of line that is formed by the intersection point on first end in described optical axis and described aperture and described second optical axis and described surface is less than 15 degree.
3, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said angle is less than 12 degree.
4, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said angle is less than 7 degree.
5, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said optical devices are mouse.
6, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 1, it further comprises:
Be used to control the diffraction optical element of described illuminating bundle.
7, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said diffraction optical element provides the step intensity distributions through design with the plane along described aperture.
8, a kind of dark field optical displacement detection system that can carry out the optical input device of spike on the surface of material layer, described material layer make at least some light pass described layer, have some body on the described surface, and described system comprises:
A plurality of light sources, it is used for being thrown light in described surface;
Lens, it is positioned in the lens opening to receive at least some diffraction light from described lip-deep described some body but does not receive from the zero order light of described surface mirror reflection; And
Detecting device, it is coupled to the described lens that receive described some diffraction light at least optically.
9, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 8, wherein in response to judging that described detecting device fails to detect the enough body quantity that is enough to be used in the calculating optical displacement on described surface under the situation of being thrown light in described surface with first light source in described a plurality of light sources, the secondary light source in described a plurality of light sources is connected.
10, dark field optical displacement detection system as claimed in claim 9, wherein when described secondary light source was connected, described first light source turn-offed.
11, a kind of method of the displacement of optical input device detection system being carried out spike on the surface of material layer, described material layer make at least some light pass described layer, and described method comprises:
With first light source thrown light in described surface;
Judge when being thrown light in described surface on described surface, whether detect the enough body quantity of the displacement that is enough to calculate described optical input device with described first light source;
Do not detect enough body quantity in response to judging, thrown light in described surface with secondary light source;
Detect the displacement that body calculates described optical input device according to described.
12, method as claimed in claim 11, it further comprises:
Judge when being thrown light in described surface on described surface, whether detect the enough body quantity of the displacement that is enough to calculate described optical input device with described secondary light source;
Do not detect enough body quantity in response to judging, thrown light in described surface with the 3rd light source.
13, method as claimed in claim 11, it further comprises:
Do not detect enough body quantity in response to judging, turn-off described first light source.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7872639B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2011-01-18 Logitech Europe S.A. Optical displacement detection over varied surfaces
CN106510635A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-03-22 江西科技师范大学 Skin vessel photoacoustic imaging device
CN107110779A (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-08-29 甲骨文国际公司 To the diffraction imaging of the groove structure on light belt

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7872639B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2011-01-18 Logitech Europe S.A. Optical displacement detection over varied surfaces
US7898524B2 (en) 2005-06-30 2011-03-01 Logitech Europe S.A. Optical displacement detection over varied surfaces
CN107110779A (en) * 2014-12-29 2017-08-29 甲骨文国际公司 To the diffraction imaging of the groove structure on light belt
CN107110779B (en) * 2014-12-29 2019-11-12 甲骨文国际公司 To the diffraction imaging of the groove structure on light belt
CN106510635A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-03-22 江西科技师范大学 Skin vessel photoacoustic imaging device

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