CN101133607B - 创建多点到多点传输树的方法和装置 - Google Patents

创建多点到多点传输树的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101133607B
CN101133607B CN2006800065809A CN200680006580A CN101133607B CN 101133607 B CN101133607 B CN 101133607B CN 2006800065809 A CN2006800065809 A CN 2006800065809A CN 200680006580 A CN200680006580 A CN 200680006580A CN 101133607 B CN101133607 B CN 101133607B
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network router
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CN101133607A (zh
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艾斯布兰德·韦南德斯
阿里恩·伯尔斯
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Cisco Technology Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/04—Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/60—Router architectures

Abstract

本发明提出利用诸如多协议标签交换(MPLS)之类的协议来创建、维护和使用提供商网络中的多点到多点标签交换路径(LSP)。多点到多点LSP允许核心提供商网络中路由器之间的双向多播型传输，所述多点到多点LSP是部分通过将核心网络中的路由器配置为不仅将上行数据接口与上行标签相关联，还将每个下行接口与上行状态中的上行标签相关联来提供的。

Description

创建多点到多点传输树的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及信息网络领域，更具体而言，涉及建立穿越多协议标签交换网络核心的多点到多点标签交换路径。 
背景技术
当今的网络链路运载大量信息。由这些网络链路支持的高带宽应用例如包括流视频、流音频和语音流量大汇聚。在未来，网络带宽需求一定会增长。 
随着商业增长，其网络也会增长，并且耦合到网络的网络元件的数目、网络链路的数目以及地理多样性也将增长。随着时间流逝，商业网络可以包括分散在整个城市、国家或世界上的物理位置。由于建立跨越这些大距离的私有网络非常昂贵，因此很多企业选择依赖于第三方提供商的网络来提供不同地理商业站点之间的连通性。为了使得商业网络无缝地通过提供商网络工作，提供商网络必须能够提供用于传输所有企业的各种类型的数据流(包括多播传输)的介质。 
多播路由选择协议通过在多播网络分组的目的地附近复制该分组并且消除对用于同样目的的多个单播连接的需求来实现多播传输(即一对多连接和多对多连接)，从而节省网络带宽并提高吞吐量。在接收到多播分组之后，网络节点可以检查该分组的多播组目的地地址(GDA)，并判断对该多播分组的一个或多个下行订户(即多播组的成员)是否被(直接或间接地)连接到该网络节点。然后，该网络节点可以按照需求复制该多播分组，并将复制的分组发送到任意连接的订户。 
图1A是执行多播传输的网络的简化框图。网络路由器元件110、120、130和140通过网络链路150、160和170被耦合。网络路由器元件110还耦合到网络元件111和112；网络路由器元件120耦合到网络元件 121；网络路由器元件130耦合到网络元件131和132；并且网络路由器元件140耦合到网络元件141。这种网络路由器元件和网络元件之间的耦合可以是直接的或间接的(例如经由L2网络设备或另一网络路由器元件)。 
出于举例说明的目的，网络元件111是多播源，其向包括网络元件112、121、131、132和141的多播组执行发送。具有以上网络元件作为接收者成员已经订购的群组目的地地址的多播数据流被从网络元件111发送到网络路由器元件110(由从111到110的箭头示出)。网络路由器元件110通过参考内部地址表来确定向何处转发多播数据流中的分组，所述内部地址表标识出被直接或间接耦合到多播组的订购成员的网络路由器元件110的每个端口。网络路由器元件110随后复制多播数据流的分组，并将分组从标识出的端口发送到网络元件112、网络路由器元件120和网络路由器元件130。 
网络路由器元件120和130可以利用例如协议独立多播(PIM)多播消息来通知网络路由器元件110它们被耦合到多播数据流的订购成员。利用PIM，网络路由器元件120和130可以发送指示它们需要加入(“JOIN”消息)或脱离(“PRUNE”消息)被定向到特定多播组或者由特定源发送的分组的接收。类似地，网络元件可以利用经由诸如因特网群组管理协议(IGMP)之类的软件协议发送成员身份报告请求来通知第一跳网络路由器元件该网络元件希望成为多播组的订户。当网络元件希望成为多播传输的订户时，可以发送特殊的IGMP协议帧，作为多播“JOIN”请求。使能了IGMP的网络路由器元件(或L2网络设备)可以具有执行以读取这种帧的“监听”软件，并且在多播组地址表中建立相应条目。 
来自多播数据流的分组在被网络路由器元件120和130接收之后将被这些网络路由器元件按照需求被复制，以将多播数据流提供到耦合到这些网络路由器元件的网络元件(例如网络元件131和132或者网络路由器元件140)。以这种方式，来自网络元件111的多播数据流可以通过网络被发送到多个接收网络元件。这种传输的路径可被认为是树，其中网络元件 111是树的根，而网络元件121、131、132和141可被认为是分支的尖端。 
图1B是其中有多个源正在向多播组进行发送的网络的简化框图。如图1A，网络元件111是被定向到包括网络元件112、121、131、132和141的多播组的多播数据流的源。该多播数据流被示为路径180(实线)。网络元件132也正在向该多播组发送多播数据流，并且该数据流被示为路径190(虚线)。在多源多播组中，任何订户网络元件都可以是源。为了提供这种多播数据分组的二路(two-way)路由，协议独立多播的双向版本(PIM bidir)被用来配置多播树中的网络路由器元件。在这种双向多播中，数据流分组仅沿共享的双向树被路由，该树的根位于多播组的聚合点(rendezvous point)，而非位于特定的数据流源。逻辑上，聚合点是位于所有其他网络元件“上行”的一个地址(例如网络路由器元件)。将所有双向多播流量传递通过这样一个聚合点，从而建立无环(loop-free)树拓扑，该无环树拓扑以该聚合点为根。 
图1A和1B示出网络中多播数据流的传输，在该网络中，网络路由器元件110、120、130和140被彼此直接耦合。但是，如上所述，随着商业及其网络的增长，商业网络变得在地理上相异，因此，数据流必需流过的路径可以包括介于中间的第三方提供商网络。 
图2是示出网络配置的简化框图，在该网络配置中，商业网络的地理上相异的子网通过第三方提供商网络被耦合。该商业网络包括网络路由器元件210、220、230和240，其中网络路由器元件210耦合到网络元件211和212，网络路由器元件220耦合到网络元件221，网络路由器元件230耦合到网络元件231和232，并且网络路由器元件240耦合到网络元件241。为了连接到提供商网络，在商业网络边缘处的网络路由器元件(用户边缘路由器)被耦合到位于提供商网络边缘处的网络路由器元件(提供商边缘路由器)。在图2中，用户边缘路由器元件250(1-3)分别耦合到提供商边缘路由器元件260(1-3)。网络路由器元件240耦合到提供商边缘路由器元件260(4)(就是说，网络路由器元件240被配置为用户边缘路由器)。 
应该注意，用户边缘路由器和提供商边缘路由器的功能可以由单个路由器提供。此外，诸如240之类的网络路由器元件也可以充当边缘路由器。提供商边缘路由器提供到提供商网络的访问，所述提供商网络可以包含数据传输线路、网络路由器元件和OSI第2层网络设备，以辅助数据从一个提供商边缘路由器到另一个提供商边缘路由器的传输。图2所示提供商网络例如包含网络路由器元件270(1-5)和270(r)，它们以某种方式耦合以允许分组传输通过该提供商网络。提供商网络不局限于这样的配置，并且可以包括任意数目的网络路由器元件、传输线路和其他L2和L3网络设备。 
为了辅助数据通过提供商网络的传输，提供商网络可以利用与在耦合的用户网络中使用的协议不同的协议。这些提供商网络协议可以允许更快速的数据传输并且允许通过网络进行路由选择。在用户和提供商网络协议之间任何所需翻译可以由边缘路由器执行。一个这种可以由提供商网络使用的路由选择协议是多协议标签交换(MPLS)。 
在典型的基于路由器的网络中，OSI第3层分组逐跳地从源传递到目的地。经过的路由器评价每个分组的第3层头部，并执行路由选择表查找来确定通向目的地的下一跳。这些路由选择协议即使具有到网络的OSI第2层特性(尤其关于服务质量和链路负载)的可见性，这种可见性也是很小的。 
为了将这些第2层考量考虑在内，MPLS通过使得边缘路由器能够基于各种用户定义的标准指定网络中的路径来改变逐跳模式(paradigm)，其中所述用户定义的标准包括服务质量要求和应用的带宽需求。就是说，仅针对路由器的网络(第3层设备)中的路径选择现在可以将第2层属性考虑在内。鉴于这种双重特性，MPLS路由器被称为标签交换路由器(LSR)。 
在MPLS网络中，传入的数据流分组被边缘标签交换路由器(例如提供商边缘路由器元件260(1))分配一个标签。边缘LSR具有连接到提供商网络中的其他LSR的一个或多个网络接口以及连接到未使能MPLS的设备(例如用户边缘路由器)的一个或多个其他网络接口。标签采取由边缘 LSR创建并被提供商网络内的LSR用来转发分组的头部的形式。LSR将创建和维护标签转发信息库(LFIB)，其指示在何处以及如何利用特定标签值转发分组。在提供商网络内的LSR(非边缘LSR)一般被称为核心LSR，它们基于标签头部中的标签值来交换标注了标签的分组。核心LSR的所有接口都被连接到其他LSR(核心或者边缘)。由标签定义的通过一对边缘LSR之间的核心LSR的路径被称为标签交换路径(LSP)。标签信息通过使用标签分发协议(LDP)在LSR之间分发。分组沿着标签交换路径在核心网络中被转发，其中每个LSR仅基于标签的内容来执行转发判决。在每一跳，LSR可以剥离现有的标签并应用新标签，该新标签告诉下一跳如何转发分组。 
图3是示出数据流可以采取其通过MPLS网络的路径的简化框图。在图3中，一系列LSR(边缘和核心)互连，从而在两个网络元件390和395之间形成物理路径，所述两个网络元件390和395通过用户边缘路由器370和380被连接到MPLS网络。由网络元件390生成的运载IP数据报的以太网帧将遵循标准以太网格式，其具有常规的第2层头部，后面跟随第3层头部。由于目的地地址位于不同网络中，因此用户边缘路由器370将包括IP数据报的分组转发到边缘LSR 310。边缘LSR 310参考其内部转发表(也被称为转发信息库(FIB))并且确定其需要经由接口310(2)向边缘LSR 320转发包括IP数据报的分组。 
MPLS网络的核心包括核心LSR 330、340、350、360，它们被直接或间接耦合到边缘LSR 310和320。 
在入口边缘LSR 310中针对目的地网络的FIB条目指示边缘LSR 310必须将标签包括到分组，以指示分组在其去往出口边缘LSR 320并且从出口边缘LSR 320去往目的地网络元件395的途中应该采取什么路径。在从边缘LSR 310到下一跳核心LSR 350的帧中，标签可被插入在第3层头部之前。核心LSR 350在接口350(1)处接收该帧，并且确定标签存在。核心LSR 350随后根据其标签转发信息库(LFIB)中的配置来处理分组，所述配置指导该核心LSR经由接口350(3)转发分组并且用新的传出标签替换旧的传入标签。核心LSR 360随后将以类似方式处理分组，在接口360(1)处 接收分组，并且在剥离在核心LSR 350处添加的标签并且插入新标签之后经由接口360(4)发送分组。 
边缘LSR 320是分组从MPLS网络的出口点。边缘LSR 320以与前面的LSR相同的方式执行标签查找，但是将不使用传出标签。边缘LSR 320随后将剥离所有标签信息并将包括IP数据报的标准分组传递到用户边缘路由器380，该用户边缘路由器380随后将发送IP帧到网络元件395。应该注意，边缘LSR 310和320之间的LSP可以采取与图3所示链路不同的链路。下表示出发生在所示LSP中的每个LSR处的传入和传出标签改变以及传入和传出接口。 
  路由器   传入标签   传入接口   目的地网络   传出接口   传出标签
  310   --   310(e0)   B   310(2)   6
  350   6   350(1)   B   350(3)   11
  360   11   360(1)   B   360(4)   7
  320   7   320(2)   B   320(e0)   --
表1 
非MPLS路由器通过以下方式来执行转发判决：读取分组头部中运载的第3层目的地地址，然后将该第3层地址的全部或部分与存储在该路由器维护的转发信息库(FIB)中的信息相比较。该非MPLS路由器利用路由器接收自路由选择协议的信息来构建FIB。为了利用MPLS支持基于目的地的路由选择，LSR还被配置为使用路由选择协议，并且利用LSR接收自这些协议的信息来构建LFIB。LSR必需分发、接收和使用针对LSR对等方分配的标签，以正确地转发帧。LSR利用标签分发协议(LDP)来分发标签。标签绑定将目的地子网与本地重要的标签(例如参见表1)相关联。标签是“本地重要的”是因为它们在每一跳都会被替换。无论何时一个LSR发现邻居LSR，这两个LSR都建立连接以传输标签绑定。 
LDP可以利用以下两种方法中的一种来交换子网/标签绑定：下行未经请求分发或下行按需分发。下行未经请求分发在下行LSR需要建立与其相邻上行LSR之间的新绑定的情况下散发标签。在下行按需分发中，下行LSR只在上行LSR请求的情况下发送绑定到上行。对于上行LSR的路由 表中的每个路由，上行LSR识别出针对该路由的下一跳。该上行LSR随后向下行(下一跳)LSR发布请求(经由LDP)以请求获取与下行LSR相对应的标签绑定。当下行LSR接收到该请求时，该下行LSR分配标签，在其LFIB中创建具有传入标签设置到新分配的标签的条目，然后该下行LSR将新分配的标签和该路由之间的绑定返回到发送原始请求的上行LSR。当上行LSR接收到绑定信息时，该上行LSR在其LFIB中创建一个条目，并将该条目中的传出标签设置为从下行LSR接收的值。在使用下行按需分发的网络中，该过程被递归地重复，直到到达目的地为止。 
当LSR接收到具有标签的分组时，LSR使用该标签在该LSR的LFIB中执行索引搜索。该LFIB中的每个条目可以包含传入标签(LFIB索引)和一个或多个以下形式的子条目：传出标签、传出接口和传出链路级信息。如果LSR找到传入标签等于在分组中运载的标签的条目，则对于条目中的每个组分，LSR用传出标签替换分组中的标签，用传出链路级信息替换分组中的链路级信息(例如MAC地址)，并通过传出接口来转发分组。该转发判决使用精确匹配(exact-match)算法，该精确匹配算法使用固定长度的相当短(与第3层地址相比)的标签作为索引。这种简化的转发过程实现了更高的转发性能，并且可以利用LSR硬件而非软件来实现。转发判决进一步独立于标签的转发粒度；就是说，同样的转发算法应用到单播和多播。单播LFIB条目将具有一个传出标签、传出接口和传出链路级信息。多播条目可以具有与一个标签相关联的一个或多个传出标签、传出接口和传出链路级信息。 
发明内容
通过MPLS网络的多播传输可能导致多个出口边缘LSR接收在单个入口边缘LSR处进入MPLS网络的数据流。这种通过MPLS网络的单点到多点标签交换路径具有与上述多播树类似的形式，其中该单点到多点LSP树的路由通过入口边缘LSR。但是，MPLS和LDP不允许配置多点到多点标签交换路径，因此，双向多播仅可以通过配置从耦合到源的每个入口边缘LSR到各个出口边缘LSR的多个单点到多点LSP来执行。这样的过程 在配置、时间、灵活性以及MPLS网络中的LSR上的存储器/标签空间资源方面都呈现高成本。因此，需要一种利用诸如MPLS之类的协议在提供商网络中配置和维护多点到多点LSP树的装置。 
本发明提供了一种用于利用诸如多协议标签交换(MPLS)之类的协议在提供商网络中创建、维护和使用多点到多点标签交换路径的装置。多点到多点LSP允许核心提供商网络中路由器之间的双向多播型传输，所述多点到多点LSP是部分通过将核心网络中的路由器配置为不仅将上行数据接口与上行标签相关联，还将每个下行接口与上行状态中的上行标签相关联来提供的。 
附图说明
通过参考附图，本发明可以被更好地理解，并且对本领域技术人员而言，本发明的若干目的、特征和优点将变得显而易见。 
图1A是执行多播传输的网络的简化框图。 
图1B是有多个源正在向单个多播组执行发送的网络的简化框图。 
图2是示出网络配置的简化框图，在该网络配置中，商业网络的地理上相异的子网通过第三方提供商网络被耦合。 
图3是示出通过MPLS网络的数据流路径的简化框图。 
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的提供商网络中的网络路由器元件的简化框图。 
图5是示出根据本发明一个实施例的数据流复制的示例的简化框图。 
图6是由根据本发明一个实施例的核心网络路由器元件执行的过程的简化流程图。 
图7是示出适合于实现本发明的实施例的网络路由器元件的简化框图。 
具体实施方式
图4是根据本发明一个实施例的提供商网络中的网络路由器元件的简化框图。该提供商网络可以利用MPLS协议来提高核心网络中的数据传输 速度。提供商网络405包括核心网络路由器元件410(1-5)和410(r)。提供商网络405还包括边缘路由器元件420(1-4)。边缘路由器元件可被连接到网络元件或外部网络路由器元件(未示出)，以允许数据流传入和传出提供商网络。所示核心网络路由器元件和边缘网络路由器元件在物理上被耦合，以允许数据流分组从任意边缘路由器元件420(1-4)传输到任意其他边缘路由器元件。与在单点到多点LSP中不同，在多点到多点LSP中，数据流必须能够从源“下行”流到一组接收机，还能够从充当源的每个接收机“上行”流到每个其他接收机。类似于双向多播，为了允许上行数据流，必须在核心网络中建立根地址。每个网络路由器将被配置为找到一条到根地址的路径。在图4中，核心网络路由器元件410(r)对应于多点到多点LSP树的根地址。从每个非源边缘网络路由器元件和每个中间核心网络路由器元件(例如420(4)、410(4)和410(5))的角度来看，根网络路由器元件通常被认为是在上行方向上。因此，在多点到多点LSP树上发送的数据流分组将被首先定位到根网络路由器元件，然后再从该根网络路由器元件通过核心网络被定向到订户边缘网络路由器元件。 
在LSR中建立不同状态来允许在标签交换中基于标签进行转发：一种下行状态和多种上行状态。上行状态的数目取决于下行接口的数目。通常，上行状态的数目与传出接口的数目相同。以下描述图4的特征的各个段落示出了这些上行状态的组成的实施例。 
在形成示例性的多点到多点LSP的过程中，路由器410(3)向网络路由器元件410(5)发送标签映射，并通知网络路由器元件410(5)将标签L2用于下行(朝向网络路由器元件410(3))流量。网络路由器元件410(4)也这样做，并向网络路由器元件410(5)提供用于下行(朝向网络路由器元件410(4))流量的标签L3。因此，用于网络路由器元件410(5)的下行状态如下： 
    传入     传出
    L1，S1     L2，S2    L3，S3
表2 
表2示出在出现在接口S1上的使用标签L1的传入数据流中的分组应被复制，并利用标签L2和L3分别在接口S2和S3上被发送。 
在建立多点到多点LSP树期间，当建立下行LSP时，针对上行流量在每个下行接口安装一个附加LSP。使用从网络路由器元件410(3)接收的标签映射，网络路由器元件410(5)将向410(3)发送标签L4作为回复；该标签将被用于从网络路由器元件410(3)到410(5)发送的上行流量。同样，上行标签L5将被网络路由器元件410(5)发送到网络路由器元件410(4)，以用于多点到多点LSP树的上行流量。 
从网络路由器元件410(5)到根网络路由器元件410(r)，可以发生类似的LSP安装操作。包括下行标签L1的标签映射可以从410(5)发送到410(r)，并且根网络路由器元件可以发送用于上行流量的上行标签L6。L6上行标签可以在来自410(3)和410(4)的两种上行状态之间共享，因此允许两者的上行数据流经由同样路径去往同一根网络路由器元件。因此，网络路由器元件410(5)具有以下上行状态： 
    传入     传出
    L4，S2     L6，S1
表3 
    传入     传出
    L5，S3     L6，S1
表4 
表3示出一种上行状态，其中在接口S2传入的具有上行标签L4的数据流将被定向到接口S1，并将包括标签L6。表4类似地示出在接口S3到达的具有标签L5的传入数据流被定向到接口S1，并被插入标签L6。 
这些上行状态将允许数据流分组从源上行行进到LSP树根。但是，当在多点到多点树上转发时，希望在数据流分组朝根上行行进时，还将分组向下发送到处于中间网络路由器元件的树“分支”。例如，从网络路由器元件410(3)通过网络路由器元件410(5)上行行进的数据流分组将不仅朝根网络路由器元件410(r)上行行进，还将被复制并被发送到网络路由器元件410(4)。通过这种上行数据流的中间复制，多点到多点LSP不依赖于根 来通过先前已经处理过来自网络数据流的帧的中间网络路由器元件来下行发送回分组。这可以通过合并网络路由器元件410(5)处的下行状态和上行状态来实现。每个上行状态可以拷贝来自下行状态的接口，排除针对上行流量的传入接口。传入接口被排除是因为不需要向数据流的源复制和发回数据流分组。结果，在网络路由器元件410(5)上的上行状态将是如下： 
    传入     传出
    L4，S2     L6，S1    L3，S3
表3 
    传入     传出
    L5，S3     L6，S1    L2，S2
表4 
例如，到达接口S2的具有标签L4的传入数据流分组将被网络路由器元件410(5)复制并利用插入的标签L6(如表3中)被从接口S1发送，以及利用插入的标签L3(如表2中)被从接口S3发送。通过这种建立特定上行状态并且合并下行状态传出接口列表的技术，全特征多点到多点LSP树可被建立。 
图5是示出根据本发明一个实施例的数据流复制的示例的简化框图。图5将下行和上行数据流叠加在图4所示核心网络上。下行数据流530被由根网络路由器元件410(r)提供到网络路由器元件410(5)。数据流分组随后被复制，并在接口S2和S3上被分别发送到网络路由器元件410(3)和410(4)。上行数据流540被从网络路由器元件410(3)发送到网络路由器元件410(5)，并在接口S2上被接收。上行数据流540随后被复制，并在接口S1和S3上被分别发送到网络路由器元件410(r)和网络路由器元件410(4)。根网络路由器元件410(r)随后可以复制上行数据流，并经由网络路由器元件410(1)和410(2)将来自上行数据流的帧分别发送到边缘路由器元件420(1)和420(2)。 
标签分发协议(LDP)被用于建立通过MPLS网络的标签交换路径 (LSP)。标准的LDP不提供多点到多点LSP树的组成。可以对LDP执行扩展以提供多点到多点LSP树指定。这种信息可以在LDP分组中的字段中提供，并且被网络中的LSR所解释。另外，可以提供发送正被形成的树的标识符的能力。 
图6是由根据本发明一个实施例的核心网络路由器元件(例如网络路由器元件410(5))执行的过程的简化流程图。该网络路由器元件可以从下行路由器接收针对在多点树上运载的数据流的下行标签映射(610)。该网络路由器元件随后可以将下行标签映射输入在传出接口列表中，作为针对指示的多点树上的所有传入流量的下行状态(615)。 
然后，可以从LDP消息判断该标签映射是否是针对双向链路(例如多点到多点LSP树)(620)。如果不是，该网络路由器元件则可以返回等待其他标签映射。如果该标签映射是针对双向链路的，则该网络路由器元件可以将针对上行流量的上行标签映射发送到它从其接收下行标签映射的下行路由器(625)。随后，该网络路由器元件可以存储上行状态，并且包括上行接口(例如在网络路由器元件410(5)上的S1)和来自下行传出接口列表的接口(例如在网络路由器元件410(5)上的S3)。 
如果网络路由器元件未被配置为多点树的根(635)，该网络路由器元件则可以将标签映射与表明该标签是针对双向链路的指示一起发送到上行网络路由器元件(例如根网络路由器元件410(r))(640)。该网络路由器元件将从上行路由器接收上行标签映射(645)，并输入该上行标签映射，作为多点树上的所有传入流量的传出状态，除了通过上行接口(例如网络路由器元件410(5)上的接口S1)输入的下行流量。以这种方式，前述下行和上行状态两者被配置。 
示例性路由器
图7是示出网络路由器元件的框图。在该图中，网络路由器元件700包括多个线路卡(线路卡702(1)-(N))，这些线路卡经由数据总线730和结果总线740被通信地耦合到转发引擎710和处理器720。线路卡702(1)-(N)包括多个端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)，它们受控于端口处理器控制器 760(1)-(N)。还将注意，转发引擎710和处理器720不仅经由数据总线730和结果总线740被彼此耦合，还通过通信链路770被通信地彼此耦合。 
根据本发明实施例，当接收到分组时，分组被诸如网络路由器元件700之类的网络路由器元件以如下方式识别和分析。在接收到分组之后，分组(或其控制信息的某些或全部)被从该分组被接收到的端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)之一发送到耦合到数据总线730的那些设备中的一个或多个(例如其他端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)、转发引擎710和/或处理器720)。对分组的处理可以例如由转发引擎710确定。例如，转发引擎710可以确定分组应该被转发到一个或多个端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)。这可以通过以下方式实现：向端口处理器控制器760(1)-(N)中的(一个或多个)相应的端口处理器控制器指示保存在(一个或多个)给定的端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)中的分组的拷贝应该被转发到端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)中的一个适当的端口处理器。 
在前述过程中，网络安全性信息可以多种方式被包括在由网络路由器元件700发源的帧中。例如，转发引擎710可被用于检测对于将网络安全性信息包括在分组中的需求，并且处理器720可被调用到服务，以提供必需的网络安全性信息。该网络安全性信息可以在将分组内容从端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)之一传输到端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)中另一个期间，例如通过处理器720直接提供必需的信息或者经由转发引擎710被包括在分组中。在端口处理器750(1，1)-(N，N)中的一个接收端口处理器处装配的分组因此可以包含必要的网络安全性信息。 
另外或者可替换地，一旦分组已被识别用于根据本发明的处理，转发引擎710、处理器720等就可被用来以某种方式处理分组或者添加分组安全性信息，以便确保分组安全。在该分组起源的节点上，该处理例如可以包括加密某些或全部分组信息、添加数字签名或某种其他信息，或者能够确保分组安全的处理。在接收该经处理的分组的节点上，相应的过程被执行，以恢复或核实已被这样保护的分组信息。 
其他实施例
本发明被适配用于实现上述优点以及其他固有优点。虽然已经示出并描述了本发明并且通过参考本发明的特定实施例限定了本发明，但是这些参考没有暗示对本发明的限制，并且不能推断出这样的限制。对于本领域普通技术人员而言，本发明在形式上和功能上存在相当大的修改、变更和等同物。所示出并且描述的实施例仅仅是示例，并且不应彻底限定本发明的范围。 
上面已经描述了包括包含在其他组件中的组件(例如被示为网络路由设备700的组件的各个元件)的实施例。这些体系结构仅仅是示例，实际上，可以实现很多实现同样功能的其他体系结构。简要来说，用于实现相同功能的组件的任意布置被有效地“相关联”，以使得所需功能被实现。因此，无论体系结构或中间组件如何，这里被组合实现特定功能的任意两个组件可被视为彼此“相关联的”，以使得所需功能被实现。类似地，这样相关联的任意两个组件也可被视为彼此“可操作地相连”或“可操作地耦合”，以实现所需功能。 
前面的详细描述已经通过使用框图、流程图和示例提出本发明的各种实施例。本领域技术人员将会理解，通过使用示例示出的每个框图组件、流程图步骤、操作和/或组件可以通过各种硬件、软件、固件或它们的任意组合来单独地和/或共同地实现。 
本发明已经在全功能计算机系统的上下文中被描述；但是，本领域技术人员将意识到，本发明能够被布置成各种形式的程序产品，并且无论用于实际实现分发的信号承载介质的类型如何，都可以同等地应用本发明。信号承载介质的示例包括诸如软盘和CD-ROM之类的可记录介质、诸如数字和模拟通信链路之类的传输型介质，以及未来将开发的介质存储和分布系统。 
上述实施例可以利用执行某些任务的软件模块来实现。这里论述的软件模块可以包括脚本、批处理或其他可执行文件。软件模块可被存储在机器可读或计算机可读存储介质(例如盘驱动器)上。用于存储根据本发明实施例的软件模块的存储设备可以是磁软盘、硬盘或诸如CD-ROM或CD-R之类的光盘。用于存储根据本发明实施例的固件或硬件模块的存储 设备可以包括基于半导体的存储器，该存储器可以永久地、可移除地或者远程地耦合到微处理器/存储器系统。因此，模块可被存储在计算机系统存储器中，以配置计算机系统执行模块的功能。其他新的或各种类型的计算机可读存储介质可被用于存储这里论述的模块。 
以上描述希望是对本发明的举例说明，而不应该视为限制本发明。在本发明的范围内的其他实施例是可能的。本领域技术人员将容易实现提供这里公开的结构和方法所需的步骤，并且将会理解，过程参数和步骤序列仅仅是利用示例给出的，并且可以被改变以实现所需结构以及在本发明范围内的修改。对这里公开的实施例的变化和修改可以基于这里提出的描述来进行，而不会脱离本发明的范围。 
因此，本发明希望仅仅由所附权利要求的范围来限制，并且在所有方面包括全部等同物。 
工业可应用性
本发明的实施例可被用在联网领域。 

Claims (5)

1.一种创建多点到多点传输树的方法，该方法包括：
第一网络路由器元件确定第一上行标签，以用在所述多点到多点传输树中；以及
所述第一网络路由器元件存储第一上行状态，其包括：
所述第一上行标签和所述第一网络路由器元件的相应上行入口接口标识符，以及
所述第一网络路由器元件的一个或多个下行出口接口标识符和相应的下行标签，
其中，下行是远离所述多点到多点传输树的根网络路由器元件，并且上行是朝向所述多点到多点传输树的所述根网络路由器元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个下行出口接口标识符中的每一个包括：
所述第一网络路由器元件的耦合到下行网络路由器元件的每个接口的身份，其中
所述一个或多个下行出口接口标识符不包括所述上行入口接口标识符。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述第一网络路由器元件是否是所述多点到多点传输树的所述根网络路由器元件；以及
响应于确定所述第一网络路由器元件不是所述根网络路由器元件，将第二上行标签和所述第一网络路由器元件的相应上行出口接口与所述第一上行状态相关联，其中
所述上行出口接口被耦合到上行网络路由器元件。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，还包括：
响应于确定所述第一网络路由器元件不是所述根网络路由器元件，将对所述第二上行标签的请求传输到所述上行网络路由器元件。
5.一种创建多点到多点传输树的装置，包括：
耦合到第一下行网络路由器元件的第一接口；
耦合到上行网络路由器元件的第二接口，其中
所述第一和第二接口被配置用于发送和接收一个或多个数据流，
下行是远离多点到多点传输树的根网络路由器元件，并且
上行是朝向所述多点到多点传输树的所述根网络路由器元件；
耦合到所述第一下行网络路由器元件之外的其他下行网络路由器元件的一个或多个下行接口；
用于确定用在所述多点到多点传输树中的第一上行标签的装置，以及
用于存储第一上行状态的装置，所述第一上行状态包括：
所述第一上行标签和所述第一接口的上行入口标识符，以及
所述一个或多个下行接口中的每一个的下行出口标识符以及相应的下行标签。
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