CN101137932B - 配有偏移偏振器的自动变光滤光器 - Google Patents

配有偏移偏振器的自动变光滤光器 Download PDF

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CN101137932B
CN101137932B CN2006800075868A CN200680007586A CN101137932B CN 101137932 B CN101137932 B CN 101137932B CN 2006800075868 A CN2006800075868 A CN 2006800075868A CN 200680007586 A CN200680007586 A CN 200680007586A CN 101137932 B CN101137932 B CN 101137932B
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polarizer
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克里斯蒂娜·M·芒努松
肯尼思·亚雷福斯
佩尔-奥拉夫·达林
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Abstract

本发明公开一种防护型自动变光滤光器结构(10)，其包括：两个低扭转液晶盒(26、30)，其设置在多个偏移偏振器(24、28、32)之间。所得到的结构使得暗态下的均匀性提高(由用户在大观察角度内观察到的)。通过减小遮光度变化可以提高透过滤光器的可见度。

Description

配有偏移偏振器的自动变光滤光器
技术领域
本发明涉及可用在焊接头盔上以过滤从焊接设备的焊炬入射的光的自动变光液晶防护罩或滤光器。
背景技术
自动变光液晶防护罩也称为自动变光滤光器(automaticdarkening filter)或者ADF，其通常由偏振滤光器和液晶层的组合构成。在授予Hornell和Palmer的美国专利6,097,451和5,825,441中描述了这种滤光器的实例。
ADF响应控制信号而从亮(透光)态转变到更暗(几乎不透光)态。对于诸如焊接等需要保护人不受强烈入射光伤害的应用领域，滤光器通常安置在面罩内，而且通过来自焊弧的入射光起动控制信号。入射光入射到位于焊接头盔上的探测器上，该探测器转而将信号发送到ADF。这样，当没有经受焊弧的强光时滤光器是透明的或者透光的，而当暴露在这样的强光下时该滤光器立即变暗。这使得焊工可以进行焊接操作，也可以在不摘除防护罩的情况下在焊接区域外执行任务。
传统滤光器具有一个特有的缺陷，即液晶层的滤光效果与角度有关。换句话说，用户看到的观察区域可能呈现不均匀的变暗。液晶盒间隙的变化以及粘接剂层或者偏振器中的不需要的双折射也可以降低均匀性，从而造成焊接滤光器的观察区域内的遮光度发生变化。
发明内容
本发明提供用于解决观察区域内的不均匀性问题的防护型自动变光滤光器结构。该结构为用户提供在大观察角内在暗态下更均匀的遮光度。本发明的滤光器包括置于三个偏振器之间的两个低扭转旋光液晶盒。所述液晶盒的扭转角小于90度。两个外侧偏振器(第一偏振器和第三偏振器)的偏振取向相对于第二(中间)偏振器的偏振方向的法线轴偏移。
在一个实施例中，本发明涉及这样一种装置，其包括第一、第二和第三偏振器以及第一和第二低扭转液晶盒，其中每个液晶盒具有小于90度的扭转角。所述第一低扭转液晶盒设置在所述第一偏振器和所述第二偏振器之间，所述第二低扭转液晶盒设置在所述第二偏振器和所述第三偏振器之间。所述第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器中的至少一个的偏振取向相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移。
在另一个实施例中，本发明涉及自动变光滤光器，其包括内部设置有可控滤光器的焊接面罩。所述自动变光滤光器还包括：传感器，其探测入射光；以及控制电路，其接收与入射光的有无相对应的来自传感器的信号。所述控制电路响应指示入射光存在的信号而使得在所述可控滤光器上施加电压。所述可控滤光器包括第一、第二和第三偏振器以及第一和第二低扭转液晶盒，每个液晶盒具有小于90度的扭转角。所述第一低扭转液晶盒设置在所述第一偏振器和所述第二偏振器之间。所述第二低扭转液晶盒设置在所述第二偏振器和所述第三偏振器之间。所述第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器中的至少一个的偏振取向相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移。
本发明与已知自动变光滤光器的不同之处在于：所述第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器中的至少一个相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移。通过使所述第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器中的至少一个的偏振取向偏移，可以得到在暗态下更均匀的遮光度。使所述第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器中的一个或者两个的偏振取向偏移，使得少量漏光可以透射通过所述滤光器，从而产生总体柔光效果，该总体柔光效果减少从所述滤光器观察到的遮光度变化。通过减少遮光度变化，可以提高透过所述滤光器的可见度。提高可见度对焊工特别有益，这是因为他们需要看清所加工物件的细节。
在附图和下面的说明中描述了本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节。从说明内容、附图以及权利要求书将了解本发明的其它特征、目的以及优点。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的防护型可控滤光器10的结构的实施例的分解图。
图2是示出用于图1所示可控滤光器10的偏振器和液晶盒的排列实例的示意图。
图3是安置在自动变光滤光器60内的图1所示可控滤光器10的框图。
图4是示出图1所示可控滤光器结构在不同视角下的滤光效果的极坐标图。
具体实施方式
图1是可以用于自动变光滤光器应用的可控滤光器10的结构的实施例的分解图。最外侧元件是干涉滤光器22，其起到部分地消除紫外光和红外光的作用并且限制波长范围。滤光器10还包括第一偏振滤光器24、第一旋光液晶盒26、第二偏振滤光器28、第二旋光液晶盒30和第三偏振滤光器32。可选的是，该结构也可以包括所谓的宾主盒34。
第一液晶盒26和第二液晶盒30是低扭转液晶盒。本文中所用的术语“低扭转(low twist)”是指具有小于90度的扭转角。例如，第一液晶盒26和第二液晶盒30中的至少一个具有小于90度的扭转角，具有代表性的是0或者1到89度。更具体地说，第一液晶盒和第二液晶盒中的至少一个的扭转角可以在大约20度到大约85度之间。液晶盒26和30分别设置有连接件52和54，并通过连接件施加控制电压。
第一偏振器24、第二偏振器28和第三偏振器32中的每一个分别具有图1箭头所示的相关联的偏振取向。本文中所用的术语“偏振器(polarizer)”是指沿一个轴传播光波而沿另一个轴吸收光波的偏振滤光器。具有代表性的是，偏振透光轴和偏振吸收轴彼此以90度夹角取向。可以相对于第二偏振器28的取向描述第一偏振器24和第三偏振器32的上述偏振轴或者偏振取向。第二偏振器28具有偏振取向47。法线轴56垂直于偏振器28的偏振取向47。换句话说，在图1所示的实施例中法线轴56和偏振取向47之间的夹角为90度。第一偏振器24和第三偏振器32的偏振取向都相对于法线轴56“偏移”。换句话说，第一偏振器24的偏振取向41以偏斜角40(下文称为第一偏斜角40)相对于法线轴56偏移。相似地，第三偏振器32的偏振取向53以偏斜角46(下文称为第二偏斜角46)相对于法线轴56偏移。由第一偏斜角40和第二偏斜角46提供的可能偏移量可以在1度和20度之间。在一个实施例中，第一偏斜角40和第二偏斜角46可以在2度到8度之间。
图1进一步示出第一偏振器24和第三偏振器32都相对于法线轴56偏移。然而，在一些实施例中，仅仅第一偏振器24和第三偏振器32中之一相对于法线轴56偏移。例如，在一个实施例中，第一偏振器24的偏振取向41相对于法线轴56偏移，而第三偏振器32的偏振取向53与法线轴56基本平行。在另一个实施例中，第一偏振器24的偏振取向41可以与法线轴56基本平行，而第三偏振器32的偏振取向53相对于法线轴56偏移。这样，第一偏振器24和第三偏振器32中至少一个的偏振取向相对于法线轴56偏移。
第一偏斜角40可以相对于法线轴56沿顺时针方向(或正向)偏移，而第二偏斜角46可以相对于法线轴56沿逆时针方向(或负向)偏移。第一偏斜角40和第二偏斜角46的方向可以颠倒，或者在一些实施例中，它们可以沿相同的方向(例如，都为正向或者都为负向)偏移。第一偏斜角40和第二偏斜角46的量值在一些实施例中可以相同，或者在另一些实施例中可以不同。
液晶盒26和30是“低扭转”盒。即，它们的扭转角小于90度。这种低扭转盒的代表性结构包括安置在玻璃板之间的扭转向列(TN)型液晶材料。液晶盒的朝内玻璃板设置有透明导电电极层(例如氧化铟锡层)，在该电极层上施加有例如在特定排列方向上经过机械处理(例如刷或者擦)的聚酰亚胺层。在液晶限定表面上所得到的结构迫使向列分子具有特定的角度排列，从而使得分子在限定表面之间以它们各自的扭转角扭转。在非电激活(即，未施加电压)的状态下，当光通过液晶盒时，偏振平面发生旋转，滤光器变成透光的。向列液晶分子的取向可以通过在限定表面之间施加电场来控制。施加电压会在限定表面之间产生电场。向列液晶分子排列成与垂直于而非平行于限定表面的电场平行，此时液晶盒达到暗态。这样，当向低扭转盒施加控制电压时，得到滤光效应。可以通过改变控制电压来控制向列分子的旋转程度，从而也可以控制相应的滤光效果。得到的结果是：液晶盒26和30在不施加电压时处于亮态，而在施加电压时处于暗态。
宾主盒34可以包括向列液晶，其分子和原子可以排列成与偏振器28的法线轴56平行。经过处理的玻璃表面可以帮助形成这样的排列方式。在排列状态下，具有规则各向异性吸收性的内混颜料具有高吸收性。当施加电压时，向列液晶分子自动排列成与处理表面成直角，使得颜料分子移动到吸收最少量光的位置。因此在不施加电压时，宾主盒34提供滤光效果，而在不施加电压时，液晶盒26和30是透光的。这样，当发生非预期的电压降低时，滤光器10向用户提供最低级别的保护和安全。
在图1所示的实施例中，液晶盒26和30的相应排列方向(alignment direction)布置成相对于彼此基本平行且取向非对称。例如，液晶盒26的排列方向45布置成相对于液晶盒30的排列方向49基本平行且取向非对称(即，在相反的方向上)。类似地，液晶盒26的排列方向43布置成相对于液晶盒30的排列方向51基本平行且取向非对称(即，在相反的方向上)。在图1中，由指示排列方向43、45和49、51的方向相反的箭头示出这种非对称取向。
图2是示出第一液晶盒26、第二偏振器28和第二液晶盒30相对彼此如何布置的实例的示意图。图2示出法线轴56和第二偏振器28的偏振取向47如何如上所述彼此垂直。二等分线58将偏振取向47和法线轴56之间的角度二等分。这样，在该实例中，二等分线58与偏振取向47和法线轴56形成45度角。为了优化亮态下的性能，液晶盒26和30的排列方向45、43和49、51可以分别相对于二等分线58对称地布置。例如，如果液晶盒26和30的扭转角等于70度，那么排列方向45和43可以与二等分线58成35度角度对称布置。类似地，排列方向49和51也可以与二等分线58成35度角度对称地布置。这样，在该实例中，排列方向43、51和二等分线58之间的夹角57是35度，排列方向45、49和二等分线58之间的夹角59也是35度。以另一种方式描述，在该实例中，法线轴56和排列方向43、51之间的夹角为10度，而法线轴56和排列方向45和49之间的夹角为80度。
尽管对称取向可以优化亮态性能，但是也可以采用其它取向，本发明并不局限于本文中参照图1和图2示出并描述的构造。也可以在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下采用多种其它构造。
图3是自动变光滤光器(ADF)60的框图。自动变光滤光器60包括：可控滤光器10，其具有上面参照图1和图2所述类型的偏移偏振器。可控滤光器10安置在焊接面罩66内，用户可以在焊接过程中或者在其它需要由可控滤光器10提供防护的情况下佩戴该焊接面罩。ADF 60还包括：传感器64，其用于探测入射到滤光器10的前表面上的光，例如焊弧。控制电路62接收与入射光的有无相对应的来自传感器64的信号，并且使相应的控制电压施加到滤光器10上，从而控制滤光器10所提供的遮光度。例如，当传感器64探测到存在焊弧或者其它入射光源时，控制电路62可以使得控制电压施加到液晶盒26和30上，同时消除宾主盒34上的电压。这会使得滤光器变暗并且保护用户不受焊弧强光的伤害。在没有焊弧或者其它入射光源时，控制电路62可以降低或者消除施加在液晶盒26和30上的电压，从而使得滤光器变得更加透光。这使得焊工能够进行焊接操作，并且也能够在不摘除防护面罩的情况下在焊接区域外执行任务。此外，本文描述的滤光器结构使得在大角度范围内由用户观察到的暗态的均匀性得到提高。
可控滤光器10、传感器64和控制电路62通常作为整体由焊接面罩66的头盔壳支撑，并且通常作为这样的可替换单元，即：该单元安装在头盔壳内，当使用者佩戴头盔时该单元位于佩戴者眼睛的正前方。该单元可以具有支撑滤光器、传感器和电路的矩形(或者其它形状的)框架或者外壳的形式。可以在例如美国专利6,185,739、5,533,206、5,191,468、5,140,707、4,875,235以及4,853,973中看到头盔壳的实例。焊接头盔也可以具有供应到其内部的清洁空气，因而可以包括用于将呼吸区与周围空气隔离的面部密封件。在美国专利申请No.10/987,512、10/987,641、10/988,789、29/217,155、29/217,153、29/217,154、29/217,107、29/217,156中示出了这种面部密封件的实例。
滤光效果的一个量度是所谓的遮光号。遮光号S与光透射率TL(以分数形式表示)有关，由以下表达式表示：
S＝1+7/3×10log(1/TL)
本文所述类型的滤光器构造可以使得滤光效果从亮态下的大约3.3(遮光号)改变为暗态下的在大约9(遮光号)到大约13(遮光号)范围内的数值。可以通过使施加的电压从大约2.0V改变到大约4.5V来改变滤光效果。
图4是示出不同观察角度下的遮光号数值的极坐标图80。图4是采用如图1所示的可控滤光器结构进行测量的结果，其中第一偏振器24在顺时针方向上具有6度的偏斜角，第三偏振器32在逆时针方向上具有6度的偏斜角，液晶盒26和30具有80度的扭转角。极坐标图80的最外圈代表与垂直入射角(由示意图的中心表示)偏移30度的情况。该示意图在将倾角的步进量取为2.5度并且将方位角的步进量取为10度的条件下在步进机内制作出来。其中每个灰度等级代表相同滤光效果的区域以遮光号为0.5的步进量制作。DIN遮光等级由附图标记82示出。因为液晶盒26和30的扭转角不为90度，并且第一偏振器24和第三偏振器32的取向偏移，因此，相对于传统滤光器结构，在变动的观察角范围内，暗态下的滤光效果更均匀。
该测量结果涉及到使用两个相同的液晶盒。在该类实施例中，液晶盒26和30可以由相同的控制电压驱动，并且可以改变该控制电压，以产生不同的非透光度并由此产生暗态下的不同遮光度。该供电方式可以简化所需的电子装置。
然而不需要液晶盒26和30为相同的。例如，在一个实施例中，可以将扭转角为90度的液晶盒和扭转角介于20度和85度之间的低扭转盒布置在偏移偏振器之间。在另一个实施例中，可以将各自具有不同扭转角度的两个低扭转盒布置在偏移偏振器之间。根据期望的最终结果，可以将不同液晶盒进行组合以得到最优化的全面解决方案。例如，可以将对称和非对称设置的液晶盒、具有不同扭转角和厚度的液晶盒等进行组合。
以上提到的所有专利和专利申请(包括在背景技术中提到的文献)的全部内容都通过引用并入本文。
已经描述了本发明的不同实施例。这些和其它实施例都在下面的权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (8)

1.一种可控滤光装置，包括：
第一、第二和第三偏振器；以及
第一和第二低扭转液晶盒，每个液晶盒具有1度至小于90度的扭转角，其中所述第一低扭转液晶盒设置在所述第一偏振器和所述第二偏振器之间，而所述第二低扭转液晶盒设置在所述第二偏振器和所述第三偏振器之间；其中
所述第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器的偏振取向分别以第一偏斜角和第二偏斜角相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移，第一偏斜角和第二偏斜角的值在1度至20度之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，
所述第一液晶盒和所述第二液晶盒相同，施加在所述第一液晶盒和所述第二液晶盒中的每一个上的控制电压相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，
所述第一偏振器的偏振取向相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移，所述第三偏振器的偏振取向相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，
所述第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器中之一的偏振取向沿顺时针方向以第一偏斜角相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移，而第一偏振器和所述第三偏振器中的另一个的偏振取向沿逆时针方向以第二偏斜角相对于所述第二偏振器的偏振取向的法线轴偏移。
5.一种自动变光滤光单元，包括：
根据权利要求1所述的装置；
传感器，其用于探测来自焊接设备的焊炬的入射光；以及
控制电路，其响应于所述入射光产生并发送信号到所述装置，从而使得所述装置变暗。
6.一种焊接头盔，包括：
外壳；以及
根据权利要求5所述的自动变光滤光单元，所述外壳以如下方式支撑所述自动变光滤光单元，即：当用户佩戴所述焊接头罩时，所述自动变光滤光单元位于佩戴者的眼睛前方。
7.根据权利要求6所述的焊接头盔，其中
所述自动变光滤光单元是可替换的。
8.一种焊接头盔，包括：
焊接面罩；
可控滤光器，其设置在所述焊接面罩内；
传感器，其用于探测入射光；以及
控制电路，其接收与入射光的有无相对应的来自传感器的信号，并响应指示入射光存在的信号而使得在所述可控滤光器上施加电压；
所述可控滤光器包括根据权利要求1所述的装置。
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EP1859318B1 (en) 2016-04-27
SI2278391T1 (sl) 2016-09-30
WO2006098881A2 (en) 2006-09-21
CN101881910B (zh) 2013-12-18
KR101233880B1 (ko) 2013-02-15
TW200639510A (en) 2006-11-16
PL2278391T3 (pl) 2017-01-31
CN101137932A (zh) 2008-03-05
RU2375734C2 (ru) 2009-12-10
EP2278391A1 (en) 2011-01-26
US20060203148A1 (en) 2006-09-14
JP2008533524A (ja) 2008-08-21
CN101881910A (zh) 2010-11-10
US20090079886A1 (en) 2009-03-26
RU2007137976A (ru) 2009-04-20
AU2006223573A1 (en) 2006-09-21
SI1859318T1 (sl) 2016-09-30
AU2006223573B2 (en) 2011-09-01
EP2278391B1 (en) 2016-04-27
WO2006098881A3 (en) 2007-02-22
US7477330B2 (en) 2009-01-13
CA2600415A1 (en) 2006-09-21
BRPI0608835A2 (pt) 2016-11-08
EP1859318A2 (en) 2007-11-28
US7884888B2 (en) 2011-02-08
KR20070117577A (ko) 2007-12-12

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