CN101180766A - 电力输送电网 - Google Patents

电力输送电网 Download PDF

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CN101180766A
CN101180766A CNA2006800177185A CN200680017718A CN101180766A CN 101180766 A CN101180766 A CN 101180766A CN A2006800177185 A CNA2006800177185 A CN A2006800177185A CN 200680017718 A CN200680017718 A CN 200680017718A CN 101180766 A CN101180766 A CN 101180766A
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electric power
area
node
electrical network
controller
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约翰·G·希勒
查尔斯·E·格林
丹尼尔·W·哈里斯特
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Powercast Corp
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Powercast Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/34—TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC

Abstract

本发明揭示一种用于将电力输送至接收器的电网，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述电网包括用于在第一区域中无线输送电力的第一节点。第一区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度。所述电网包括用于在第二区域中无线输送电力的第二节点。第二区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度且重叠第一区域以界定重叠区域。在另一实施例中，所述电网包括与所述第一及第二节点通信且向其提供电力的源。本发明还揭示用于将电力输送至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器的方法。

Description

电力输送电网
技术领域
本发明涉及无线电力输送电网。更具体来说，本发明涉及具有重叠区域及/或具有多个节点的无线电力输送电网。
背景技术
无线电力输送电网在我们的日常生活中无处不在。最常见的是我们家和办公室建筑内的交流电(AC)电力网。电力公司使用这种有线电网为我们供应AC电力。这种电网能够将大量的电力供应至直接连接至其的装置。
这种电网操作的关键是直接连接。硬连线或插入式连接并非对每种装置都是可能或可行的。可通过视察建筑自动市场就可发现这样的实例。
目前，有一种节约办公建筑及家庭用能源的趋势。这可通过优化电力的使用来实现。例如，当室内没有人时就不需要照明。人们已提出了这个问题并通过在室内安置运动传感器解决了这个问题。当一段给定的时期内没有运动，则会将灯关闭。
这种解决方案的问题是每一运动传感器都需要电力。这意味着每一传感器需硬连线到AC电力网或必须包含电池。此并非在所有的应用中都是可行的。每一传感器还必须通过某一方式来控制灯在室内的操作。
目前的趋势是实施无线传感器。然而，此情况下，术语“无线”仅仅指所述装置的通信部分。必须仍能从诸如AC电力网或电池的传统源获得所述装置的电力。
发明内容
本发明消除了对每一传感器或装置的硬连线连接的需要。所述装置的电力是从无线电力网获得。可使用所述电力直接为装置供电或对内部电池进行充电或加强。借助本发明，所述装置可在通信及供电两个方面变为无线的。
本发明涉及一种用于将电力输送到将所述电力转换成电流的接收器的电网。所述电网包括在第一区域中无线输送电力的第一节点。所述第一区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述电网包括在第二区域中无线输送电力的第二节点。所述第二区域具有最小的电或磁场强度，且重叠所述第一区域以界定重叠区域。
本发明涉及一种将电力输送到将电力转换成电流的接收器的电网。所述电网包括用于在第一区域中无线输送电力的第一节点。所述第一区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述电网包括用于在第二区域中无线输送电力的第二节点。所述第二区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述电网包括与第一及第二节点通信的电源，所述电源优选地为RF电力输送源。所述电源将电力提供至第一及第二节点。
本发明涉及一种用于将电力输送到将所述电力转换成电流的接收器的方法。所述方法包括从第一区域中的第一节点无线地输送电力的步骤，所述第一区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。存在从第二区域中的第二节点无线输送电力的步骤。所述第二区域具有最小的电或磁场强度且重叠所述第一区域以界定重叠区域。
本发明涉及一种将电力输送到将电力转换成电流的接收器的方法。所述方法包括从第一区域中的第一节点无线地输送电力的步骤。所述第一区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。
存在从第二区域中的第二节点无线输送电力的步骤。所述第二区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。存在将电力从与第一及第二节点通信的源提供至第一及第二节点的步骤，所述源优选地是RF电力输送源。
本发明涉及一种控制器，其用于控制至少一个源(优选地RF电力输送源)、至少一个发射器、至少一个节点将电力输送到将所述电力转换成电流的接收器。所述控制器优选地包括向所述源、发射器或节点发出指令的处理器。所述控制器优选地包括存储器，其存储与RF电力输送源、发射器或节点电力输送有关的信息。
本发明涉及一种将电力输送到将所述电力转换成电流的接收器的电网。所述电网包括用于在第一区域中无线输送电力的第一构件。所述第一区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述电网包括用于在第二区域中无线输送电力的第二构件。所述第二区域具有最小的电或磁场强度且重叠所述第一区域以界定重叠区域。
本发明涉及一种RF电力输送系统。所述系统包括用于在第一覆盖区域中无线输送电力的第一节点。所述第一覆盖区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述系统包括用于在第二覆盖区域中无线输送电力的第二节点。所述第二覆盖区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述系统包括至少一个与第一节点及第二节点通信的RF功率发射器。所述系统包括至少一个接收器，其中当所述至少一个接收器在第一覆盖区域内时，所述接收器从第一节点接收RF电力，而当所述至少一个接收器在第二覆盖区域中时从第二节点接收RF电力。所述至少一个接收器将电力转换成电流。
本发明涉及一种电力输送系统。所述系统包括包含接收器天线的接收机。所述系统包括包含发射器天线的RF功率发射器，其中所述RF功率发射器以多个极化来输送RF电力，且所述接收器将所述RF电力转换成直流。
本发明涉及一种控制器，其用于控制至少一个源及/或至少一个天线将电力传输至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器。所述控制器包括向至少一个源及/或至少一个天线发出指令的构件。所述控制器包括存储与电力输送有关的信息的构件。
附图说明
本发明优选实施例及实践本发明的优选方法显示附图中，其中：
图1显示具有多个覆盖区域的电力网，其中所述覆盖区域不重叠。
图2显示具有多个覆盖区域的电力网，其中所述覆盖区域中的至少两个重叠。
图3显示组合多个覆盖区域以提供更大覆盖区域的电力网。
图4显示覆盖区域内的盲点。
图5显示实施有控制器的电力网。
图6显示可能控制器的两个方块图。
图7显示其中源具有多个用于形成多个覆盖区域的天线的电力网。
图8显示具有控制器及源的电力网，所述源具有多个用于形成多个覆盖区域的天线。
图9显示构建电力网的房间。
图10显示图9中所示房间的贴片天线覆盖区域。
图11显示在其中一个角落处具有单个贴片天线的图9所示房间的覆盖。
图12显示图9中所示房间内的电力网。
图13显示电力网，其具有多个发射器、多个控制器及多个用于形成多个覆盖区域的天线。
图14显示具有多个发射器的电力网，所述多个发射器具有用于形成多个覆盖区域的集成控制器。
图15显示具有单个发射器的电力网，所述单个发射器具有多个用于形成多个覆盖区域的天线。
图16显示具有单个发射器的电力网，所述单个发射器具有多个用于形成多个覆盖区域的天线。
具体实施方式
结合附图参考以下说明可获得对本发明的完整理解，其中自始至终相同的参考字符识别相同的部件。
出于下文说明的目的，术语“上部”、“下部”、“右”、“左”、“垂直”、“水平”、“顶部”、“底部”及其派生词应与本发明在图式中的定向有关。然而，应理解，本发明可采用各种替代变化型式及步骤序列，除非明确地作出相反规定。还应理解，附图中显示及以下说明书中所阐述的具体装置及过程仅为本发明的例示性实施例。因此，与本文所揭示实施例有关的具体尺寸及其他物理特性不应视为具有限定性。
在数个视图中，参照其中相同参考编号指代类似或相同部件的图式，其中显示用于将电力输送至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器12的电网10。电网10包括用于在第一区域26中无线输送电力的第一节点14。第一区域26具有最小的电或磁场强度。电网10包括用于在第二区域28中无线输送电力的第二节点16。第二区域28具有最小的电或磁场强度且重叠第一区域26以界定重叠区域。
优选地，第一及第二节点14、16以不同的频率或不同的极化或以互不干扰的脉冲无线地输送电力。
节点是一个放射能量(优选地RF电波)的点。节点可包括：与位于覆盖区域以外(可能地另一覆盖区域内)的发射器通信的天线23；与覆盖区域以内的发射器20通信的天线23；或包含天线及发射器的单元。节点还可包括控制器36。
电网10优选地包括至少一个控制器36，所述至少一个控制器控制第一节点14及/或第二节点16的频率或极化或脉冲。当存在一个以上的控制器36时，优选地，至少一个控制器36与至少一个其他的控制器36通信。
电网10优选地包括具有第三区域30的第三节点18，所述第三区域具有最小的电或磁场强度且重叠第一区域26。电网10优选地包括具有第四区域32的第四节点24，所述第四区域具有最小的电或磁场强度且重叠第二区域28，且其中第一、第二、第三及第四节点14、16、18、24优选地以根据(例如)表2的不同频率或不同极化或以互不干扰的脉冲无线地输送电力。
优选地，每一节点包括发射器20及天线22。优选地，每一控制器36与其相关联节点的天线22及/或发射器20通信。优选地，每一控制器36具有存储器40及与存储器40通信的CPU或MCU 38。
本发明涉及一种将电力输送至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器12的电网10。所述电网10包括用于在第一区域26中无线输送电力的第一节点14。第一区域26具有最小的电或磁场强度。电网10包括用于在第二区域28中无线输送电力的第二节点16。第二区域28具有最小的电或磁场强度。电网10包括与第一及第二节点14、16通信且为其提供电力的源34(优选地为RF电力输送源)。
优选地，第一区域26与第二区域28重叠。电网10优选地包括与源34通信的控制器36，所述控制器控制第一节点14及第二节点16的电力输送以便可控制第一节点14及第二节点16所输送电力的相消效应。优选地，电网10包括至少一个额外的节点，所述至少一个额外的节点具有与源34通信的相关联区域。
优选地，电网10包括至少一个额外的源34，其每一者都具有各自的节点及控制器36，其中控制器36互相通信。优选地，控制器36与源34通信且控制从节点的无线电力输送。优选地，所述节点以(例如)根据表2的不同频率或不同极化或以互不干扰的脉冲无线地输送电力。
本发明涉及一种用于将电力输送到将所述电力转换成电流的接收器的方法。所述方法包括从第一区域26中的第一节点14无线输送电力的步骤，第一区域26具有最低的电或磁场强度。存在从第二区域28中的第二节点16无线输送电力的步骤。第二区域28具有最小的电或磁场强度且重叠第一区域26以界定重叠区域。
优选地，从第二节点16无线输送电力的步骤包括以不同的频率或不同的极化或以不干扰来自第一节点14的电力输送的脉冲无线地输送电力的步骤。第一节点14还可使电力传输产生脉冲。
本发明涉及一种用于将电力输送至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器12的方法。所述方法包括从第一区域26中的第一节点14无线输送电力的步骤。第一区域26具有最小的电或磁场强度。存在从第二区域28中的第二节点16无线输送电力的步骤。第二区域28具有最小的电或磁场强度。存在以RF电力输送方式从源34(优选地为RF电力输送源)向第一及第二节点14、16提供电力的步骤，所述源可与第一及第二节点通信。
优选地，从第二节点16无线输送电力的步骤包括以不同的频率或不同的极化或以不干扰来自第一节点14的电力输送的脉冲无线地输送电力的步骤。第一节点14还可使电力传输产生脉冲。
优选地，存在使用与源34通信的控制器36来控制第一节点14及第二节点16所输送电力的频率或极化或脉冲的步骤。
本发明涉及控制器36，其用于控制至少一个源34(优选地，RF电力输送源)、至少一个节点、或至少一个发射器20将电力输送至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器12。控制器36优选地包括向源34、节点或发射器20发出指令的处理器38。控制器36包括存储器40，其存储与源34、节点或发射器20的电力输送有关的信息。优选地，控制器36包括(例如)经由收发器44与处理器38进行通信的天线23，所述指令通过收发器44发送到源34。
本发明涉及一种将电力输送至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器的电网。所述电网包括用于在第一区域中无线输送电力的第一构件。所述第一区域具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述电网包括用于在第二区域中无线输送电力的构件。所述第二区域具有最小的电或磁场强度且重叠第一区域以界定重叠区域。优选地，第一构件包括第一节点，且第二构件包括第二节点。
本发明涉及一种RF电力输送系统。所述系统包括用于在第一覆盖区域26中无线输送电力的第一节点14。第一覆盖区域26具有最小的电或磁场强度。所述系统包括用于在第二覆盖区域28中无线输送电力的第二节点16。第二覆盖区域28具有最小电或磁场强度。所述系统包括至少一个与第一节点14及第二节点16通信的源(优选地，RF电力输送源)。所述系统包括至少一个接收器12，其中当至少一个接收器12在第一覆盖区域26内时，接收器12从第一节点14接收RF电力，而当至少一个接收器12在第二覆盖区域28内时从第二节点16接收RF电力。至少一个接收器12将所述电力转换成电流。
优选地，第一覆盖区域26与第二覆盖区域28重叠以界定重叠区域。
接收器12优选地从覆盖区域中的第一节点14及第二节点16接收RF电力。优选地，第一节点14及第二节点16以多个频率、极化及/或以脉冲输送电力。所述RF电力优选地不包括数据。优选地，RF电力用来充电至少一个电池。所述RF电力优选地用来充电至少一个装置。
本发明涉及一种电力输送系统。所述系统包括包含接收天线22的接收器12。所述系统包括包含发射天线的RF功率发射器，其中所述RF功率发射器以多个极化来发射RF电力，且接收器将RF电力转换成电流。
本发明涉及控制器36，其用于控制至少一个源及/或至少一个天线22将电力输送至将所述电力转换成电流的接收器12。控制器36包括向至少一个源及/或至少一个天线22发出指令的构件。控制器36包括用于存储与电力输送有关的信息的构件。
优选地，用于发出指令的构件是处理器38。用于存储信息的构件优选地为存储器40。优选地，控制器36进一步包括与处理器38通信的通信天线23，所述指令通过所述通信天线来发送。
更具体来说，在本发明操作中，为将电力供应至使用无线电频率(RF)能量的静止及移动装置，期望建立类似于(例如)蜂窝式电话网络的基础设施。电网(基础设施)可采取不同的形式。
参照图1，根据本发明的电网10包括将电力提供至第一区域26的第一节点14(其实施有发射器TX1)。第二节点16(其实施有发射器TX2)将电力提供至第二区域28。
应注意，图1中的TX1及TX2包含RF发射器及天线22。随后的图式可使用同一个发射器20块，或尤其当发射器20驱动多个天线22时可将发射器20及天线22分开。当驱动多个天线时，发射器20可被称为源或RF电力输送源且可包含开关、分路器或其他用于选路投送电力的装置。
图1的配置可使TX1能在其覆盖区域(第一区域26)内将电力递送至包括接收器12的装置，且可使TX2能在其覆盖区域(第二区域28)内将电力递送至包括接收器12的装置。将被供电的装置可为从第一区域26移动至第二区域28(反之亦然)的同一装置。另外，电网10可为一个以上的装置(例如，每一覆盖区域中的装置)供电。此外，可在每一覆盖区域内为一个以上装置供电。例如，如图1中所示，第一装置可包括第一接收器RX1，第二装置可包括第二接收器RX2，且第三装置可包括第三接收器RX3。接收器12、RX1、RX2等包括天线22。
覆盖区域由最小的电及/或磁场强度来界定。例如，可将第一区域26界定为其中TX1所产生的电场强度大于每米2伏(2V/m)的区域。
参照图2，第一覆盖区域26及第二覆盖区域28可重叠以将电力提供至比单个发射器20的任一单个覆盖区域都大的区域。在重叠区域中，装置从两个发射器接收电力。例如，在所示的位置，RX3从TX1及TX2二者接收电力。
参照图3，第一区域26至第四区域32经布置以便其互相重叠。此形成了比任一个别覆盖区域(26、28、30及32)都大的所需覆盖区域33。应注意，取决于实施电网10所需的覆盖区域33，每一覆盖区域可重叠一个或多个其他覆盖区域或不重叠任何其他覆盖区域。
在此布局中，由于区域重叠，所以每一接收器12都可由一个以上的发射器20来供电。当两个或更多发射器20能够产生大于用于界定给定点处区域的最小值的场强度时，会发生区域重叠。例如，第三接收器RX3将从TX1及第三发射器TX3二者接收电力。可无限地扩充区域的合并以覆盖较大的所需覆盖区域33及不同的总体覆盖布置(亦即，并非圆形)。
在蜂窝式电话网络中，区域重叠对网络性能是有害的。然而，在RF电力的传输中，区域重叠对电网10的性能没有害处。蜂窝式电话网络具有因数据冲撞而引起的重叠问题。RF电力网中缺乏数据可使区域重叠没有这个问题。
但所出现的一个问题是相消效应。当两个电磁(EM)波相消干扰时，便会导致此问题。此干扰可导致盲点。盲点是其中场强度低于所界定最小值的区域。相消效应可在覆盖区域中导致盲点。
例如，参照图4，可估计，发射器20应能够将所需的场强度供应至20英尺处的接收器12。如果在距离发射器20英尺的半径处测试包含接收器12的装置，则可发现所述装置将在20英尺处工作。然而，7与11英尺之间有一个其中场强度太低而无法操作所述装置的区域。所述区域被称为盲点38。
存在数种克服这个问题的方式。一种类似于简单蜂窝式网络的方法是使重叠区域的发射器20位于不同的频率或信道上。另一解决方案是使重叠区域的发射器20具有不同的极化(例如，水平及垂直)。表1概括了可如何实施图3中的电网10来减轻盲点。
    方法     TX1     TX2     TX3     TX4
    非重叠频率     频率1     频率2     频率2     频率1
    非重叠极化     水平极化     垂直极化     垂直极化     水平极化
表1-减轻图3中电网盲点的方法
还可交替对给定覆盖区域(26、28、30、32)中天线22的极化以使天线22以重复的方式从水平切换到垂直，而不对重叠覆盖区域进行极化。为实现此目的，如图5中所示，可将控制器36引入电网10中以监视发射器20及/或天线22的操作。
图6显示控制器36的适合实施方案。控制器36的一个实施方案包含中央处理单元(CPU)或微控制器单元(MCU)38及存储器40。可通过使用微处理器或简单地使用标准计算机来实现这个目的。控制器的输出与每一发射器20及/或天线22通信。每一发射器20及天线22包含用于接收及/或发射数据并实施所期望效应的构件。
来自控制器36的通信链路可实施有有线连接或无线连接。当使用无线链路时，控制器36包含收发器44及通信天线23。每一发射器20及/或天线22还包含收发器及通信天线23以接收及发射数据。
参照图14，另一种实施切换方法的方式是将控制器36集成到每一发射器单元或节点14、16等内。控制器36可在有线连接上或通过使用无线链路来进行通信。每一控制器36的MCU或CPU接收及发射数据，且通过与发射器20及/或天线22通信来实施所期望的效应。
所述与控制器36一同提供、独立或集成到每一发射器单元或节点14、16等内的附加功能性可实现用于消除盲点的更为精细的方法。通过引入控制器36，每一区域都具有关于其他操作的知识。出于此原因，现在可改变所述区域的频率、极化及/或形状。还可导通及关闭发射器20以形成脉冲电网10。如下表格总结了几种可能的使用图5及14中的电网来消除盲点的方法。
方法     时间周期 TX1 TX2 TX3 TX4
非重叠频率     1 频率1 频率2 频率2 频率1
    2 频率2 频率1 频率1 频率2
    3 频率1 频率2 频率2 频率1
    等等
非重叠极化     1 水平极化 垂直极化 垂直极化 水平极化
    2 垂直极化 水平极化 水平极化 垂直极化
    3 水平极化 垂直极化 垂直极化 水平极化
    等等
脉冲     1 开 关 关 关
    2 关 开 关 关
    3 关 关 开 关
    4 关 关 关 开
    5 开 关 关 关
    等等
表2-减轻图5及14中电网盲点的方法
例如，可使用图5中的电网10来将电力提供至核电厂处的参数传感器以感测侵入者。四个发射器TX1、TX2、TX3、TX4经布置以提供对整个栅栏线的覆盖(所需覆盖区域33)。天线22可安装在塔上并产生方向或全向图案。可将每一重叠覆盖区域26、28、30、32放在单独的信道上。应使所述信道频率足够地间隔开以避免干扰，但有益地，保持所述信道足够地靠近以便每一发射器20可使用相同的天线22设计。
本发明的另一实施例显示于图15中。在电网10中，单个发射器20为多个天线22馈电。覆盖区域26及28可如图中显示那样为非重叠的或可重叠。如图16中所示，可将发射器包含在覆盖区域26内。如图7中所示，电网10可经扩展而包括额外的覆盖区域30及32。
可以很多方式来实现电力到天线22的配送。一种方式包括如图7中所示的并联馈电系统。所述并联馈电系统是通过将用于选路投送电力的装置48(例如，电力分路器，开关)集成到发射器20中来实施。来自电力分路器的每一输出连接至具有相关联覆盖区域26、28、30、32的天线22。
电网10会受到相消效应的困扰，这又会导致盲点。一种减轻这个问题的方式是使用类似于第60/656,165号美国临时专利申请案中所述的方法，所述申请案以引用方式并入本文中。本申请案描述使发射器20产生脉冲从而帮助提高接收器12的效率。这种脉冲方法还可与电网10一同使用以帮助消除盲点。
图8中显示具有单个发射器20的脉冲电网10的实例。控制器36对发射器20的输出进行控制以便依序地脉冲每一天线22以确保在给定时间处只有一个天线22活动，或以不会同时激活非重叠覆盖区域天线22但可同时激活非重叠覆盖区域的天线22的方式来脉冲每一天线22。由于在给定时间处，给定区域中只有一个天线22活动，所以不会发生因区域重叠引起的相消效应。
仍存在覆盖区域内物体的反射所导致的相消效应。但是，此方法将由反射导致的相消效应降到最低，因为所述场在接收器12上会持续改变其入射角。例如，在图8中，当覆盖区域26活动时，RX4将接收来自左上方的场，当覆盖区域28活动时将接收来自右上方的场，当覆盖区域30活动时将接收来自左下方的场，且当覆盖区域32活动时将接收来自右下方的场。因此，如果RX4由于反射而处在覆盖区域30的盲点内，则其不大可能处在覆盖区域32的盲点内。这意味着接收器12将在这个位置从系统捕获电力。
所述系统减轻的另一问题是由多个接收器12所导致的遮蔽。当相对于活动发射器20或天线22，接收器12位于另一接收器12的后面时就会发生遮蔽。最接近发射器20或天线22的接收器12将捕获以相对于发射机20或天线22的那个角度可获得的大多数电力。这意味着后方的接收器12将几乎接收不到电力或接收不到任何电力。
这样的实例可参见图8。当覆盖区域28活动时，RX2将对RX5投下阴影，且RX5将几乎接收不到或接收不到任何电力。使用采用脉冲的电网10可消除这个问题。RX5在覆盖区域28内将几乎接收不到或接收不到任何来自天线22的电力，但当覆盖区域32变为活动时，RX5将接收电力。
应注意，可使用图8中的控制器36来改变天线22的频率、极化或辐射图案。此外，如果发现有利，可将控制器36集成到发射器20内。控制器36可与发射器20及/或天线22二者通信。
针对RF电力网构造类似于图8所示电网10的测试电网10。如图9中所示，覆盖区域被界定为26.5英尺×18.5英尺的房间42。
对测试电网10的不同天线进行评估以确定个别的覆盖区域。在所实施的测试电网10中，使用贴片天线46。图10显示贴片天线46的覆盖区域50。可通过增大发射器20的功率水平来获得较大的覆盖区域50。随着功率增大，覆盖区域50将保持其通常的形状，但尺寸将增大。
图11显示处在其中一个角落的单个贴片天线46所提供的覆盖。如图11中可见，只获得部分的覆盖。
为提供更好的覆盖，测试电网10在每一角落都包括贴片天线46以提供对几乎整个房间42的覆盖。四个贴片天线46是相同的。
图12显示测试电网10所实现的覆盖，所述测试电网在每一角落都包括贴片天线46。可实现几乎全部的覆盖。在菱形的阴影区段中，全部四个覆盖区域重叠。在方格阴影区段中，三个覆盖区域重叠，而在对角线阴影区段中，两个区域重叠。在白色的区域中，只存在一个覆盖区域。
如图8中所示，测试电网10实施有单个发射器20。发射器20从房间/建筑AC总线接收其电力，但也可通过其他电力构件(源)来运行，例如，电池组。
发射器20具有集成式单刀四掷开关。发射器20的操作由控制器36(其实施有微控制器)来监控。开关的每一输出端使用同轴电缆连接至个别天线46。控制器36用来切换发射器20的通过四个周边天线46的输出以从每一天线46产生脉冲波形。所述实施方案显示遮蔽效应的降低且几乎没有因前述原因引起的盲点。
当需要较大覆盖区域时，可扩展前述的电网10以包括多个天线22，或可重复图7及/或8所示的电网10。图13显示重复图8所示的电网10。可将前述的频率、极化及脉冲解决方案应用于使用控制器36的电网以减轻干扰。例如，如果使用脉冲方法，则可设计电网10以便重叠区域不会在同时通电。
尽管在上述实施例中出于举例说明目的对本发明进行了详细的描述，但是应理解上述细节仅用于举例说明目的，并且所属领域的技术人员可对其进行变动，此并不偏离以下权利要求所述的本发明精神和范围。

Claims (38)

1.一种用于将电力输送至接收器的电网，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述电网包括：
第一节点，其用于在第一区域中无线输送电力，所述第一区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；及
第二节点，其用于在第二区域中无线输送电力，所述第二区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度且重叠所述第一区域以界定重叠区域。
2.如权利要求1所述的电网，其中所述第一及第二节点使用不同的频率或不同的极化或者以互不干扰的脉冲无线地输送电力。
3.如权利要求2所述的电网，其包括至少一个控制器，所述控制器控制所述第一节点及所述第二节点中至少一者的所述频率或所述极化或所述脉冲。
4.如权利要求3所述的电网，其中当存在一个以上控制器时，至少一个控制器与至少一个其他控制器通信。
5.如权利要求4所述的电网，其包括具有第三区域的第三节点，所述第三区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度且重叠所述第一区域。
6.如权利要求5所述的电网，其包括具有第四区域的第四节点，所述第四区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度且重叠所述第二区域，且其中所述第一、第二、第三及第四节点使用不同的频率或不同的极化或者以互不干扰的脉冲无线地输送电力。
7.如权利要求6所述的电网，其中每一节点包括发射器及天线。
8.如权利要求7所述的电网，其中每一控制器与其相关联节点的所述天线或所述发射器通信。
9.如权利要求8所述的电网，其中每一控制器具有存储器及与所述存储器通信的CPU或MCU。
10.一种用于将电力输送至接收器的电网，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述电网包括：
第一节点，其用于在所述第一区域中无线输送电力，所述第一区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；
第二节点，其用于在第二区域中无线输送电力，所述第二区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；及
与所述第一及第二节点通信的源，所述源为所述第一及第二节点提供电力。
11.如权利要求10所述的电网，其中所述第一区域与所述第二区域重叠。
12.如权利要求11所述的电网，其包括与所述源通信的控制器，所述控制器控制由所述第一节点及所述第二节点进行的电力输送，以便控制由所述第一节点及第二节点输送的电力的相消效应。
13.如权利要求12所述的电网，其包括多个额外的节点，每一者具有相关联的区域且与所述源通信。
14.如权利要求13所述的电网，其中每一节点包括天线。
15.如权利要求14所述的电网，其包括多个额外源，每一者具有各自的节点及控制器，其中所述控制器互相通信。
16.如权利要求15所述的电网，其中所述控制器与所述源通信，所述控制器控制使用不同的频率或不同的极化或者以互不干扰的脉冲从所述节点无线地输送电力。
17.如权利要求16所述的电网，其中所述节点使用不同的频率或不同的极化或者以互不干扰的脉冲无线地输送电力。
18.一种用于将电力输送至接收器的方法，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述方法包括如下步骤：
从第一区域中的第一节点无线地输送电力，所述第一区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；及
从第二区域中的第二节点无线地输送电力，所述第二区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度且重叠所述第一区域以界定重叠区域。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述从所述第二节点无线输送电力的步骤包括如下的步骤：使用不同的频率或不同的极化或者以不与来自所述第一节点的所述电力输送相干扰的脉冲从所述第二节点无线地输送电力。
20.一种用于将电力输送至接收器的方法，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述方法包括如下步骤：
从所述第一区域中的第一节点无线地输送电力，所述第一区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；
从第二区域中的第二节点无线地输送电力，所述第二区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；及
将电力从与所述第一及第二节点通信的源提供至所述第一及第二节点。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述从所述第二节点无线输送电力的步骤包括如下的步骤：使用不同的频率或不同的极化或者以不与来自所述第一节点的所述电力输送相干扰的脉冲从所述第二节点无线地输送电力。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其包括如下的步骤：使用与所述源通信的控制器来控制所述频率或极化或者所述第一节点及所述第二节点何时输送电力脉冲。
23.一种控制器，其用于控制至少一个源及/或一个天线对接收器的电力输送，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述控制器包括：
处理器，其向所述源及/或所述天线发出指令；及
存储器，其存储关于所述源的所述电力输送的信息。
24.如权利要求23所述的控制器，其包括与所述处理器通信的天线，所述指令通过所述处理器发送至所述源及/或所述天线以控制所述源及/或天线。
25.一种用于将电力输送至接收器的电网，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述电网包括：
第一构件，其用于在第一区域中无线输送电力，所述第一区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；及
第二构件，其用于在第二区域中无线输送电力，所述第二区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度且重叠所述第一区域以界定重叠区域。
26.如权利要求25所述的电网，其中所述第一构件包括第一节点，且所述第二构件包括第二节点。
27.一种用于RF电力输送的系统，其包括：
第一节点，其用于在第一覆盖区域中无线输送电力，所述第一覆盖区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；
第二节点，其用于在第二覆盖区域中无线输送电力，
所述第二覆盖区域具有最小的电场强度或磁场强度；
至少一个源，其与所述第一节点及所述第二节点通信；及
至少一个接收器；
其中所述接收器在所述至少一个接收器处在所述第一覆盖区域内时从所述第一节点接收RF电力，且在所述至少一个接收器处在所述第二覆盖区域内时从所述第二节点接收RF电力，且
所述至少一个接收器将所述电力转换成电流。
28.如权利要求27所述的系统，其中所述第一覆盖区域与所述第二覆盖区域重叠以界定重叠区域。
29.如权利要求28所述的系统，其中所述接收器在所述重叠区域中时从所述第一节点及所述第二节点接收RF电力。
30.如权利要求29所述的系统，其中所述第一节点及所述第二节点以多个频率、极化及/或以脉冲来输送电力。
31.如权利要求30所述的系统，其中所述RF电力不包括数据。
32.如权利要求31所述的系统，其中所述RF电力用来对至少一个电池进行充电。
33.如权利要求32所述的系统，其中所述RF电力用来对至少一个装置供电。
34.一种用于电力输送的系统，其包括：
接收器，其包括接收器天线；及
RF电力发射器，其包括发射器天线，
其中所述RF电力发射器以多个极化来输送RF电力，且
所述接收器将所述RF电力转换成直流电流。
35.一种控制器，其用于控制至少一个源及/或至少一个天线对接收器的电力输送，所述接收器将所述电力转换成电流，所述控制器包括：
用于向所述至少一个源及/或所述至少一个天线发出指令的构件；及
用于存储关于所述电力输送的信息的构件。
36.如权利要求35所述的控制器，其中所述用于发出指令的构件是处理器。
37.如权利要求36所述的控制器，其中所述用于存储信息的构件是存储器。
38.如权利要求37所述的控制器，其进一步包括与所述处理器通信的通信天线，所述指令通过所述处理器发送。
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US8380255B2 (en) 2013-02-19
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