CN101232189B - 具有通信能力的自适应感应电源及其操作方法 - Google Patents

具有通信能力的自适应感应电源及其操作方法 Download PDF

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CN101232189B
CN101232189B CN2007103052775A CN200710305277A CN101232189B CN 101232189 B CN101232189 B CN 101232189B CN 2007103052775 A CN2007103052775 A CN 2007103052775A CN 200710305277 A CN200710305277 A CN 200710305277A CN 101232189 B CN101232189 B CN 101232189B
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power supply
remote equipment
contactless power
remote
information
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CN101232189A (zh
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D·W·巴曼
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Philips IP Ventures BV
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TONGDA COMMERCIAL GROUP INTERNATIONAL CO
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/08—Radiation
    • A61L2/10—Ultra-violet radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
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    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
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Abstract

一种自适应电感镇流器具备与由该镇流器供电的远程设备通信的能力。为了改进镇流器的操作，该镇流器基于从远程设备接收的信息来改变其操作特性。此外，该镇流器可为远程设备提供与除自适应电感镇流器以外的设备通信的路径。

Description

具有通信能力的自适应感应电源及其操作方法
本申请是申请人通达商业集团国际公司的最早优先权日为2003年2月4日、发明名称为“具有通信能力的自适应感应电源”的中国专利申请No.200480008881.6的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求2003年2月4日提交的授予David W.Baarman的题为“自适应感应耦合的镇流器电路”的美国临时申请No.60/444794的优先权和利益。该在先申请的全部公开内容通过引用结合在本文中。本申请是2002年6月18日提交的题为“流体处理系统”的美国专利申请No.10/175095的部分继续申请，该申请No.10/175095是2000年6月12日提交的题为“流体处理系统”的美国专利申请No.09/592194的部分继续申请。美国专利申请No.09/592194要求1999年6月21日提交的题为“具有感应耦合镇流器的水处理系统”的美国临时专利申请No.60/140159和1999年6月21日提交的题为“使用点(Point-of-Use)水处理系统”的美国临时专利申请No.60/140090的35U.S.C.§119(e)下的权益。
本申请通过引用结合了与本申请同日提交并转让给同一受让人的以下申请：自适应感应电源，序列号为10/689499；电感线圈组件，序列号为10/689224；以及，适配器，序列号为10/689375。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及无触点电源，且更具体地说，涉及能够与接收来自无触点电源功率的任何设备通信的无触点电源。
背景技术
无触点能量传输系统(CEETS)在没有任何机械连接的情况下将电能从一台设备传送到另一台设备。由于没有机械连接，因此与常规能量系统相比CEETS具有许多优点。因为存在很小的由电源的绝缘引起的电火花或电击的危险，因此CEETS一般更安全。由于不存在变得磨损的触点，因此CEETS具有更长的寿命。由于这些优点，CEETS已经用在从牙刷到便携式电话到火车的一切事物中。
CEETS由电源和远程设备组成。远程设备可以是可充电的设备，诸如电池、微型电容器或任何其它可充电的能源。备选地，CEETS可以直接为设备供电。
一种CEETS使用磁感应传递能量。来自电源中初级绕组的能量被感应地传递到可充电设备中的次级绕组。由于次级绕组与初级绕组物理地隔开了，因此感应耦合发生在空气中。
在初级绕组和次级绕组之间没有物理连接的情况下，不存在常规的反馈控制。由此，在CEETS中从初级到次级的能量传递的控制是困难的。
一个通用解决方案是设计对一类设备专用的CEETS。例如，用于可再充电牙刷的CEETS设计为仅用于为牙刷再充电，而用于可再充电电话的CEETS仅与特定类型的电话一起工作。虽然该解决方案使CEET可有效地与一种特殊设备一起操作，但它无法足够灵活地使电源与不同的远程设备一起操作。
此外，由于远程设备可以是能够执行各种任务的电子设备，因此需要与该远程设备的通信。在美国专利No.6597076中描述了这样一种系统，其中由CEET供电的致动器与过程计算机通信，以便提供与最新致动器信息有关的信息。远程设备与位于中央处理器的收发器通信。然而，不提供CEET与致动器之间的直接通信。
在美国专利5455466所示的系统中，一种便携式电子设备从CEET接收功率。通过CEET提供计算机与便携式电子设备之间的通信。CEET用作便携式电子设备与计算机之间的流水线。CEET并不从远程设备获得与CEET操作有关的信息。
虽然这些现有技术系统的确提供了通信，但它们不能提供使远程设备提供有助于CEET操作的信息的方法或手段。例如，具有可调功率输出的CEET可使用来自远程设备的功率需求，以通过调节其功率输出来更有效地操作。由此，非常需要使CEET能够与远程设备通信，以便从该远程设备获得功率需求。
发明内容
一种无触点电源具有谐振电路，该谐振电路具有可变谐振频率和用于将功率传递到远程设备的初级绕组。无触点电源还可具有用于与远程设备通信的接收器。远程设备将功率信息发送到控制器。然后该控制器响应该功率信息更改谐振电路的操作。由此，控制器可精确地校准与远程设备共同操作的电源，这提供了从无触点电源到远程设备的高效率功率传递。
除了耦合到变换器的谐振电路以外，无触点电源可具有变换器和电源。为了得到高效率功率传递，控制器可更改电源的干线电压、变换器的操作频率、变换器的占空比以及谐振电路的谐振频率。
无触点电源还可设置有用于存储从远程设备接收的功率信息的存储器。
无触点电源还可与多个远程设备一起操作。然后无触点电源将从每台远程设备接收功率信息。维护每台远程设备的功率信息列表。基于该列表，控制器基于该列表确定干线电压、谐振频率或占空比的最佳设置。
无触点电源还可具有用于与工作站通信的通信接口。控制器将通过收发器创建工作站和远程设备之间的通信链路。
远程设备具有远程设备控制器和次级绕组，次级绕组具有次级绕组可变阻抗。远程设备控制器能够改变次级绕组可变阻抗。远程设备具有用于与无触点电源通信的远程设备收发器。远程设备控制器基于来自无触点电源的信息改变次级绕组可变阻抗。远程设备的控制器还可基于来自无触点电源的信息禁止远程设备的操作。由此，远程设备也可以高效率操作。
由此，该系统提供了对电源以及连接到该电源的设备的优化。
无触点电源和远程设备通过每台远程设备将功率使用信息发送到控制器并然后响应该功率使用信息而调整无触点电源的方式来操作。无触点电源的调整包括改变占空比、变换器频率、谐振频率或干线电压。
电源还可确定无触点电源是否能够为多个远程设备供电。如果不能，则可断开其中一些远程设备。
按照本发明一个实施例，提供一种能够接收来自无触点电源的功率的远程设备，包括：次级绕组，其具有次级绕组可变阻抗；远程设备存储器，包含功率使用信息；远程设备发射器，用于与所述无触点电源通信；远程设备控制器，改变所述次级绕组可变阻抗；其中利用所述远程设备发射器将所述功率使用信息传送给所述无触点电源，所述远程设备控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的信息改变所述次级绕组可变阻抗。
按照本发明再一个实施例，提供一种操作为多个远程设备供电的无触点电源的方法，每一个所述远程设备都具有功率使用信息，所述方法包括：接收每一个所述远程设备的所述功率使用信息；以及响应所述功率使用信息调整所述无触点电源，其中无触点电源具有变换器，所述变换器具有占空比和变换器频率，调整所述无触点电源的步骤包括改变所述占空比或所述变换器频率。
按照本发明又一个实施例，提供一种用于为远程设备供电的无触点电源，包括：初级绕组，用于向远程设备传递功率；接收器，用于接收来自所述远程设备的功率使用信息；控制器，用于响应所述功率使用信息来改变所述无触点电源的可变特性；以及谐振电路，其中所述无触点电源具有干线电压，并且所述可变特性包括所述干线电压。
按照本发明再又一个实施例，提供一种用于接收来自无触点电源的功率的远程设备，包括：用于向所述无触点电源发送功耗功率使用信息的无线发射器；用于接收来自所述无触点电源的功率的可变电感器；包含功率使用信息的远程设备存储器；和用于调节所述可变电感器的控制器，其中所述控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的信息改变所述可变电感器。
按照本发明另一个实施例，提供一种远程设备，能够接收来自无触点电源的功率，能够通过所述无触点电源通信地耦合到第二设备，所述远程设备包括：可变电感器，用于接收来自所述无触点电源的功率；以及收发器，用于与所述无触点电源进行数据通信；远程设备存储器，所述远程设备存储器包含功率使用信息；控制器，用于调节所述可变电感器，其中，利用所述收发器将所述功率使用信息传送给所述无触点电源，所述控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的信息改变所述可变电感器。
无触点电源、远程设备以及操作电源和远程设备的方法产生了极其有效且非常适用的从电源为各种设备提供能量的方法。通过连续适应于将负载添加到无触点电源或从无触点电源移除，所述无触点电源保持高效。
通过参考附图的详细描述，将更容易了解和理解本发明的这些和其它目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的自适应电感镇流器的框图；
图2是附加专利申请的谐振搜索镇流器的示意图，标记为示出对结合本发明自适应电感镇流器的改变；
图3是说明自适应电感镇流器操作的流程图；
图4是结合RF通信和相位控制的备选实施例的框图；
图5是说明结合通信能力的自适应电感镇流器操作的流程图；
图6示出了连接到远程设备和工作站的无触点能量传输系统；
图7是具有通信能力的自适应无触点能量传输系统的框图；
图8是具有通信能力的远程设备的框图；
图9是示出自适应无触点能量传输系统操作的流程图；
图10是具有通信能力无触点电源供电的远程设备示例性列表。
具体实施方式
出于公开的目的，结合谐振搜索镇流器电路，更具体地说是结合在题为“感应耦合的镇流器电路”的美国专利申请No.10/246155(其全部内容通过引用结合于本申请)中描述的电感镇流器，来描述本发明。然而，本发明更适于与其它电感镇流器电路一起使用。
图1示出了显示根据本发明一个实施例的自适应电感镇流器10总结构的框图。如所示，自适应电感镇流器10一般包括：微处理器12，其控制电路的操作；多抽头初级绕组14，用于产生磁场；波形器和驱动子电路16，其产生加到初级绕组14的信号；电流检测子电路18，其监控加到初级绕组14的信号，并向微处理器12提供相应反馈；电容开关20，用于调节波形器和驱动子电路16中的电容值；以及电感开关22，用于调节多抽头初级绕组14的电感。微处理器是可从各种供应商处广泛得到的常规微处理器。
电容开关20一般包括两个电容器组和多个开关，诸如晶体管，它们可由微处理器12选择性地启动来控制这两个电容器组的值。可根据可能电容值的期望范围和分布来串联或并联地排列每组中的电容器。第一电容器组替代电容器271。类似地，第二电容器组替代附加专利申请中示出的先存在的谐振搜索镇流器的电容器272。实际上，电容开关20使来自先存在的谐振搜索镇流器的电容器271和272变为可变电容器，该可变电容器的值由微处理器12控制。备选地，描述的电容开关20可由能够提供可变电容的其它电路替代。
电感开关22一般包括多抽头初级绕组14和多个开关，诸如晶体管，可由微处理器12选择性地启动这些开关来控制初级绕组14的电感值。多抽头初级绕组14替代先存在的谐振搜索镇流器的初级绕组270。实际上，电感开关22通过改变初级绕组14中的匝数使来自先存在的谐振搜索镇流器的初级绕组270变为可变电感线圈，其值由微处理器12控制。备选地，所描述的电感开关22可由能够提供可变电感的其它电路替代。
在一般的操作中，微处理器12被编程为接收来自电流检测子电路18的输入，其指示加到初级绕组14的电流。微处理器12编程为单独调节电容开关20和电感开关22，以循环通过电路可用的电容值和电感值范围。微处理器12调节该电容和电感值时继续监控来自电流检测电路18的输入，以确定哪些值为初级绕组14提供最佳电流。然后微处理器12将自适应镇流器锁定在最佳设置。
在图2的示意图中示出了使在先专利申请的谐振搜索电感镇流器适合自适应电感镇流器电路10的实施例所需的一些改变。
虽然在美国专利申请No.10/246155中更详细描述了先存在的谐振搜索镇流器，但该电路的概述可有助于更充分理解本发明。镇流器反馈电路连接在A点，而控制电路连接在B点。振荡器144通过驱动器146为半桥变换器148提供交替信号。半桥变换器为振荡电路150供电。电流检测电路218向振荡器144提供反馈。在上面引用的专利申请中更全面描述了反馈电路、控制电路、振荡器、半桥变换器、驱动器和电流检测电路218以及其它辅助电路。
在图2中，可将相位延迟插在E处，并可将其作为延迟线来控制。该延迟可用于抑制(throttle)相位并控制二次幅度。在F，开关电容可基于可调初级电感来调节谐振频率。简单的晶体管可用于接通和断开电容。当初级电感器变化时改变电容，以便匹配负载。在G处，可切换初级电感，以调节次级电路所需的功率。RFID或直接通信可指示所需负载。用该负载信息，控制处理器可根据需要调节电感，以提供所需功率。可使用来自微处理器控制的初级电感器的晶体管和多个抽头来切换电感。
结合图3更详细描述自适应电感镇流器电路的操作顺序。在操作中，图示系统在向初级绕组14供电之前等待，直到它确定存在负载为止。这样会省电，并可通过为每个感应供电的设备提供启动邻近初级绕组的簧片开关的磁铁来实现。备选地，可提供用户启动开关(未示出)，以使用户可在存在感应供电的设备时接合该电源。作为另一备选，在感应供电的设备放在初级绕组附近时，它可配置为机械地启动开关，以用信号通知它的存在。作为又一备选，可去掉开关机构，且镇流器电路可不管负载的存在而向初级绕组14供电。
一旦激活了电源电路，该电路就调节其频率，以优化加到初级绕组的电流。在以初始电容和电感值确定了适当的操作频率之后，微处理器将镇流器电路锁定在该操作频率，并然后开始通过多抽头初级绕组来循环通过可用电感值的范围。在电感值的每个变化之后，微处理器解锁上述操作频率，并允许镇流器电路搜索谐振，稳定在为初级绕组提供最佳电流的频率处。微处理器继续循环通过可用电感值，直到它已确定了哪个值为初级绕组提供最佳电流为止。在一个实施例中，渐进的扫描过程用于确定适当的电感值。这是这样实现的：通过用最低电感值开始扫描过程，并顺序地逐步增加电感值，直到电感值的变化导致加到初级绕组的电流降低为止。然后微处理器将逐步降低到获得最大电流的一个电感值。备选地，该扫描过程可用最高电感值开始，并顺序地逐步降低电感值，直到电感值的变化导致加到初级绕组的电流降低为止。然后微处理器将逐步增加到获得最大电流的一个电感值。作为另一个备选，微处理器可单步调试每个电感值以确定相应电流，并在单步调试每个值之后返回向初级绕组提供最大电流的电感值。
在确定了适当的电感值之后，微处理器将电路锁定在确定的电感值，并开始循环通过电容值。在一个实施例中，微处理器使用渐进扫描技术来确定为初级绕组提供最大电流的电容。扫描过程可从最低的电容值向上进行，或从最高的电容值向下进行，如上结合电感值的扫描过程所描述的。作为渐进扫描过程的备选，微处理器可单步调试每个电容值以确定相应电流，并在单步调试每个值之后返回向初级绕组提供最大电容的电容值。
在该实施例中，一旦已经确定了适当的电感值，就不允许镇流器电路的频率改变。备选地，微处理器可编程为允许镇流器电路在电容值的每个改变之后搜索谐振。
在备选实施例中，微处理器可被编程为仅提供电源电路的电容值调节，或仅提供电感值调节。在前面的备选中，多抽头初级绕组可由常规的单抽头初级绕组替代，并可去掉电感开关。在后面的备选中，电容器组可由一组电容器替代，并可去掉电容开关。在另一备选实施例中，微处理器可被编程为在调节电感之前调节电容。
如上所述，本发明并不局限于结合谐振搜索镇流器使用。在其它应用中，可将电流传感器结合在镇流器中，以向微处理器提供输入，该输入表示加到初级绕组的电流。在没有谐振搜索镇流器的操作中，微处理器将单独循环通过各电容和电感值，以确定向初级绕组提供最佳功率的值。
在另一备选实施例中，自适应电感镇流器10可包括相位延迟电路(未示出)，该电路允许镇流器10抑制相位并控制二次幅度。该相位延迟电路可包括连接到运算放大器210后面的波形器和驱动电路16的延迟线或数字信号处理器(DSP)。
结合图4-5描述本发明的另一个备选实施例。在该实施例中，自适应电感镇流器10’和感应供电的设备具有例如使用常规的RF通信或直接通信来通信的能力。
图4是示出自适应电感镇流器10’一般部件的框图。自适应电感镇流器10’包括与开关初级电感和初级线圈22’分开的通信线圈(未示出)。该通信线圈可以是初级线圈的一部分。通信线圈连接到微处理器12’，该微处理器编程为从感应供电的设备接收信息，并基于该信息影响自适应电感镇流器10’的操作。感应供电的设备还包括可与接收来自初级线圈功率的次级线圈分开或结合的通信线圈。感应供电的负载和自适应感应电源10’使用常规的通信技术和装置例如使用标准通信电路和标准通信协议来通信。
自适应镇流器10’的操作除了如下所述以外一般与上述镇流器10的操作相同。图5示出了显示镇流器10’一般操作步骤的流程图。通过使用其通信能力，感应供电的设备可将诸如负载瓦数的负载信息传到自适应电感镇流器10’。该自适应电感镇流器10’可在确定适当的电容和电感值时使用该信息。更具体地说，该信息可用于确保开关初级电感和初级线圈22’的初级绕组操作在正确瓦数。如果不是，则开关初级电感和初级线圈22’的开关初级电感和电容开关20’可用于调节初级绕组的瓦数。在一些应用中，由于不一定以最高可能的电流值驱动初级绕组，因此本实施例可提供上述自适应电感镇流器10上的改进操作。相反，本实施例使初级绕组的功率输出与感应供电的设备的功率需求匹配，这意味着当不需要满功率时，它可降低功率和节省能量。
参考图6-9进一步增强和说明图1-5的上述系统。
图6示出了结合本发明一个实施例的自适应无触点能量传输系统。无触点电源305感应地耦合到远程设备306。无触点电源305还连接到工作站307。网络308又连接到工作站307。
在一个实施例中，无触点电源305建立工作站307和远程设备306之间的通信链路，这使得可以从远程设备306发送信息，或将信息发送到远程设备306。如果远程设备306是PDA(个人数字助理)，则可与工作站307交换来自PDA的信息。例如，在PDA充电时，该PDA可自动同步日历和地址表。作为另一个例子，如果远程设备306是MP3播放器，则在MP3播放器充电时，可将歌曲下载到MP3播放器，或从MP3播放器下载歌曲。
图7示出了具有用于与多个远程设备通信的通信能力的自适应无触点能量传输系统的实施例的框图。
自适应无触点能量传输系统具有无触点电源305和远程设备338、340、342。
众所周知，电源310是向变换器312提供DC(直流)电的DC电源。变换器312将DC电转换为AC(交流)电。变换器312用作向振荡电路314提供AC电的AC电源。振荡电路314是谐振电路。振荡电路314感应地耦合到远程设备338的次级绕组316。
远程设备338、340、342的次级绕组没有磁芯。虚线320指示远程设备338、340、342和电源305之间的气隙。
电路传感器324耦合到振荡电路314的输出。电路传感器324还耦合到控制器326。电路传感器324提供关于电源操作参数的信息。例如，电路传感器可以是电流传感器，并提供关于振荡电路314中电流的相位、频率和幅度的信息。
控制器326可以是编程为执行下述功能的大量通用微控制器中的任一个，诸如Intel 8051或Motorola 6811，或者那些微控制器的许多变形中的任一个。控制器326的芯片上可具有ROM(只读存储器)和RAM(随机存取存储器)。控制器326可具有用于控制自适应感应电源内各种功能的一系列模拟和数字输出。
控制器326连接到存储器327。控制器326还耦合到驱动电路328。驱动电路328调整变换器312的操作。驱动电路328调整变换器312的频率和定时。控制器326还耦合到电源310。控制器326可操控电源310的干线电压。众所周知，通过改变电源310的干线电压，也改变了变换器312的输出幅度。
最后，控制器326耦合到振荡电路314的可变电感器330和可变电容器332。控制器326可更改可变电感器330的电感或可变电容器332的电容。通过更改可变电感器330的电感和可变电容器332的电容，可改变振荡电路314的谐振频率。
振荡电路314可具有第一谐振频率和第二谐振频率。振荡电路314还可具有几个谐振频率。本文使用的术语“谐振频率”指的是振荡电路314将谐振所在的频带。众所周知，振荡电路将具有谐振频率，但将继续在频率范围内谐振。振荡电路314具有至少一个可变阻抗元件，该可变阻抗元件具有可变阻抗。通过改变该可变阻抗，将改变振荡电路的谐振频率。可变阻抗元件可以是可变电感器330或可变电容器332，或二者都是。
可变电感器330可以是可控硅受控可变电感器、可压缩可变电感器、平行叠片铁心可变电感器、一系列能将选择固定电感器置于振荡电路314中的电感器和开关或任何其它可控可变电感器。可变电容器可以是开关电容器阵列、一系列能够将选择固定电容器置于振荡电路314中的固定电容器和开关、或任何其它可控可变电容器。
振荡电路314还包括初级绕组334。分别示出了初级绕组334和可变电感器330。备选地，初级绕组334和可变电感器330可组合在单个元件中。振荡电路314显示为一系列谐振振荡电路。也可使用并联谐振振荡电路。
电源收发器336还耦合到控制器。电源收发器336可以仅是用于接收信息的接收器，而不是使能双向通信的设备。电源收发器336与各远程设备338、340、342通信。显然，多于或少于3台的设备可与本系统一起使用。
在本实施例中，无触点电源305还有用于连接到工作站307的通信接口311。通信接口311可以是多个已知或专有接口诸如USB、火线或RS-232中的任一个。工作站307连接到网络308。网络308可以是LAN(局域网)或互联网。
无触点电源305也可具有通信控制器313。通信控制器313通过通信接口311和电源收发器336管理数据输入和输出。通信控制器313执行必要的控制功能，诸如代码转换、协议转换、缓冲、数据压缩、差错检验、同步和路由选择，以及收集管理信息。通信控制器313建立远程设备338、340、342与工作站307或网络308内任何其它设备之间的通信。通信控制器313可以是前端处理器。根据控制器326的能力，通信控制器313可以是在控制器326内运行的软件模块。
图8示出远程设备338的框图。远程设备338也是远程设备340、342的范例。远程设备338包括负载350。负载350从可变次级绕组353接收功率。负载350可以是可再充电电池或任何其它类型的负载。
可变次级绕组353最好是无芯的，这使可变次级绕组353可在较宽频率范围上操作。可变次级绕组353显示为可变电感器，虽然其它类型的设备也可用来代替该可变电感器。
远程设备控制器352控制可变次级绕组353的电感和负载350的操作。例如，远程设备控制器352可改变可变次级绕组353的电感，或者接通或断开负载350。与控制器326类似，远程设备控制器352可以是编程为执行下述功能的大量通用微控制器中任一个，诸如Intel8051或Motorola 6811，或者那些微控制器的许多变形中的任一个。控制器352的芯片上可具有ROM(只读存储器)和RAM(随机存取存储器)。控制器352还可具有用于控制自适应感应电源内各种功能的一系列模拟和数字输出。
其中，存储器354包含关于远程设备338的设备ID(识别)号和功率信息。功率信息包括远程设备338的电压、电流和功耗信息。如果负载350是可再充电电池，存储器354可包括放电率和充电率。
远程设备338还包括远程收发器356。远程收发器356从电源收发器336接收信息以及将信息发送到电源收发器336。可以多种不同的方式诸如WIFI、红外、蓝牙或蜂窝式来连接远程收发器356和电源收发器336。此外，收发器可通过初级或次级绕组上的附加线圈来通信。或者，由于电源305通过许多不同电源线通信系统中的任一种将功率传递到远程设备338、340、342。
备选地，远程收发器356可仅是将信息发送到收发器336的无线发射器。例如，远程收发器356可以是RFID(射频识别)标签。
处理器357表示远程设备338的功能部件。例如，如果远程设备338是数码相机，则处理器357可以是该数码相机内的微处理器。如果远程设备338是MP3播放器，则处理器357可以是用于将MP3文件转换为声音的数字信号处理器或微处理器及相关电路。如果远程设备338是PDA，则处理器357将是提供PDA功能性的微处理器及相关电路。处理器357可访问存储器354。
处理器357还耦合到次级设备收发器356。由此，处理器357可通过次级设备收发器356与无触点电源305通信，并由此可与连接到电源305的任何其它设备诸如工作站通信。
由于存在通信接口311，因此远程设备338可与工作站307或网络308通信。为了使能远程设备338和工作站307之间的通信，控制器326将通过收发器336建立到远程设备338的通信链路。
图9示出具有通信能力的自适应无触点能量传输系统的操作。
在无触点电源305起动后(步骤400)，其通过收发器336轮询所有的远程设备，步骤402。步骤402可以是连续的，其中仅在存在远程设备时才进入步骤404。备选地，虽然会执行关于空集的操作，但可在重复轮询之前执行后面的步骤。如果存在任何远程设备，则无触点电源305接收来自该远程设备的功率使用信息，步骤404。
功率使用信息可包括有关远程设备338的电压、电流和功率需求的实际信息。备选地，功率使用信息可以仅是远程设备338的ID号。如果这样，则控制器326将接收该ID号，并从存储器327中包含的表格中查找远程设备338的功率需求。
在已轮询了所有设备并接收了每台设备的功率信息之后，然后无触点电源305确定是否不再存在任何设备。如果是，则更新远程设备列表，步骤408。
图10中示出了控制器326维护的远程设备列表。该远程设备列表可包含每台远程设备338、340、342的设备ID、电压、电流和状态。由控制器326分配设备号。从远程设备338、340、342接收设备ID。如果两台远程设备是同一类型，则设备ID可以相同。电压和电流是为设备供电所需的电压或电流量。可由远程设备338、340、342不连续地传输电压和电流，或可通过使用设备ID作为存储器327中保存的远程设备数据库的密钥来获得它们。状态是设备的当前状态。例如，设备状态可以是“开”、“关”、“充电”等。
接下来无触点电源305确定是否任何设备的状态已经改变，步骤410。例如，远程设备338可具有可再充电电池。当可再充电电池充完电时，远程设备338将不再需要供电。由此其状态会从“充电”变为“关”。如果设备的状态改变，则更新远程设备列表，步骤412。
然后无触点电源305确定是否存在任何设备，步骤414。如果存在，则更新远程设备列表，步骤416。然后检验该远程设备列表，步骤418。如果该列表没有更新，则系统再次轮询设备，并且过程重新开始，步骤402。
如果更新了列表，则远程设备的功率使用已经改变，并由此无触点电源305的供电也必须改变。控制器326使用远程设备列表来确定所有远程设备的功率需求。然后它确定是否可将系统重新配置为适当地对所有设备供电，步骤420。
如果无触点电源305可为所有远程设备供电，则控制器326计算变换器频率、占空比、谐振频率和干线电压的设置。此外，控制器确定远程设备338、340、342的次级绕组353的可变阻抗的最佳设置，步骤422。然后它设置变换器频率、占空比、谐振频率和干线电压，步骤424。控制器还指示远程设备338、340、342将次级绕组353的可变阻抗设置为期望水平，步骤424。
另一方面，如果无触点电源305不能为所有远程设备供电，则控制器326确定整个系统的最可能的功率设置，步骤426。然后控制器可指示远程设备338、340、342中的一个或多个关断或改变其功耗。控制器确定远程设备338、340、342的次级绕组353的可变阻抗的最佳设置，步骤428。然后它设置系统的变换器频率、占空比、谐振频率和干线电压，步骤430。控制器指示远程设备338、340、342将次级绕组353的可变阻抗设置在期望水平。系统然后返回到轮询设备，并重复该过程，步骤402。
以上描述是优选实施例。在不脱离所附权利要求书中定义的本发明的精神和更宽方面的前提下，可进行各种更改和改变，将根据包含等效学说的专利法原则来解释所附权利要求书。以单数对权利要求元件的任何引用，例如使用冠词“一个”、“该”或“所述”，都不应解释为将该元件限制为单数。

Claims (15)

1.一种能够接收来自无触点电源的功率的远程设备，包括：
次级绕组，具有次级绕组可变阻抗；
远程设备存储器，包含功率使用信息；
远程设备发射器，用于与所述无触点电源通信；和
远程设备控制器，改变所述次级绕组可变阻抗，
其中，利用所述远程设备发射器将所述功率使用信息传送给所述无触点电源，所述远程设备控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的信息改变所述次级绕组可变阻抗。
2.如权利要求1所述的远程设备，还包括用于与所述无触点电源通信的远程设备接收器。
3.如权利要求2所述的远程设备，其中所述远程设备接收器包括RFID标签。
4.如权利要求2所述的远程设备，其中所述远程设备控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的指令改变所述次级绕组可变阻抗。
5.如权利要求4所述的远程设备，其中所述远程设备控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的指令使所述远程设备的操作无效。
6.如权利要求5所述的远程设备，其中所述远程设备控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的指令使所述远程设备能够操作。
7.如权利要求1所述的远程设备，其中所述远程设备发射器包括RFID标签。
8.一种操作为多个远程设备供电的无触点电源的方法，每一个所述远程设备都具有功率使用信息，所述方法包括：
接收每一个所述远程设备的所述功率使用信息；以及
响应所述功率使用信息调整所述无触点电源，
其中无触点电源具有变换器，所述变换器具有占空比和变换器频率，调整所述无触点电源的步骤包括改变所述占空比或所述变换器频率。
9.一种用于为远程设备供电的无触点电源，包括：
初级绕组，用于向远程设备传递功率；
接收器，用于接收来自所述远程设备的功率使用信息；
控制器，用于响应所述功率使用信息来改变所述无触点电源的可变特性；以及
谐振电路，
其中所述无触点电源具有干线电压，并且所述可变特性包括所述干线电压。
10.一种用于接收来自无触点电源的功率的远程设备，包括：
用于向所述无触点电源发送功率使用信息的无线发射器，
用于接收来自所述无触点电源的功率的可变电感器；
包含功率使用信息的远程设备存储器；和
用于调节所述可变电感器的控制器，其中所述控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的信息改变所述可变电感器。
11.如权利要求10所述的远程设备，其中所述无线发射器包括RFID标签。
12.如权利要求10所述的远程设备，其中所述远程设备包括用于存储功耗信息的存储器。
13.一种远程设备，能够接收来自无触点电源的功率，能够通过所述无触点电源通信地耦合到第二设备，所述远程设备包括：
可变电感器，用于接收来自所述无触点电源的功率；
收发器，用于与所述无触点电源进行数据通信；
远程设备存储器，包含功率使用信息；和
控制器，用于调节所述可变电感器，
其中，利用所述收发器将所述功率使用信息传送给所述无触点电源，所述控制器基于来自所述无触点电源的信息改变所述可变电感器。
14.如权利要求13所述的远程设备，还包括可再充电电源。
15.如权利要求14所述的远程设备，还包括处理器。
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