CN101233713A - 用于mimo系统的稳健秩预测 - Google Patents
用于mimo系统的稳健秩预测 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明阐述用于在MIMO系统中实施秩预测的技术。首先确定多个秩的性能度量。每一秩指示将同时经由MIMO信道发送的不同数量的数据流。所述性能度量可涉及所述MIMO信道的容量或信号质量或经由所述MIMO信道发送的数据传输的通过量。将调整施加于所述秩的所述性能度量以获得经调整的性能度量。所述调整计及系统损失,例如由于用于数据传输的错误纠正码、接收机处的信道估计错误、由所述接收机观测到的干扰变化、由于功率控制的传输功率可变性及/或其他因素所导致的损失。基于所述秩的所述经调整的性能度量选择秩供使用。
Description
根据35U.S.C§119主张优先权
本发明主张优先于2005年6月16日申请的题为″ROBUST RANK PREDICTIONFOR INTERFERENCE,POWER CONTROL,CHANNEL ESTIMATION,PACKETFORMATS AND ADMISSION CONTROL,″的美国专利临时申请案第60/691,723号,其受让于本文的受让人且以引用方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明一般来说涉及通信,且更具体来说涉及用于在多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中传输数据的技术。
背景技术
在无线通信系统中,发射机(例如,基站或终端)可利用多个(T个)发射天线将数据传输到装备有多个(R个)接收天线的接收机。所述多个发射及接收天线形成MIMO信道,所述信道可用于增加通过量及/或改良可靠性。举例来说,发射机可从所述T个发射天线同时发射T个数据流以改良通过量。另一选择为,发射机可从所有T个发射天线重复地发射单个数据流以改良接收机的接收。
从每一发射天线传输导致对从其他发射天线传输的干扰在某些情况中,可通过从所述T个发射天线同时地传输少于T个数据流实现改良的性能举例来说,可选择所述T个发射天线的一个子集,且从每一所选择发射天线发送数据流所述未用于传输的发射天线不导致对用于传输的发射天线的干扰因此,可实现所选择发射天线上所发送的数据流的改良的性能。
秩预测是指确定MIMO信道的秩或等效地可同时经由所述MIMO信道传输的数据流的数量如果发送过多的数据流,则可观测到所述数据流中的每一者的过度干扰且总性能可受损失相反,如果发送太少的数据流,则不能完全地利用所述MIMO信道的容量。
因此,在此项技术中需要用以确定MIMO信道的秩的技术。
发明内容
本文阐述用于在MIMO系统中实施秩预测的技术在一个实施例中,通过评估MIMO信道的不同可能的秩的性能且选择具有最佳或近似最佳性能的秩而实现秩预测在一个实施例中,所述秩预测计及系统损失,所述系统损失可包括可因数据传输所观测到的任何类型的损失
在秩预测的一个实施例中,最初确定多个秩的性能度量每一秩指示将同时经由MIMO信道发送的不同数量的数据流所述性能度量可涉及所述MIMO信道的容量、经由所述MIMO信道所发送的数据传输的通过量、所述MIMO信道的信号质量等等将调整施加于所述多个秩的性能度量以获得所述秩的经调整性能度量所述调整计及系统损失,例如由于用于数据传输的错误纠正码、接收机处的信道估计错误、所述接收机所观测的干扰变化、由于功率控制的传输功率的可变性,及/或其他因素所导致的损失然后,基于所述多个秩的经调整性能度量选择秩可选择具有经最佳调整的性能度量的秩另一选择为,可选择具有在预定百分比的经最佳调整的性能度量内的经调整的性能度量的最低秩基于所述所选择秩的经调整的性能度量确定所述所选择秩的至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)所述所选择秩及CQI可经量化且发送到一发射机。
下文中将进一步详细说明本发明的各个方面及实施例。
附图说明
结合各个图示阅读下文所述的详细说明,人们将更易明了本发明的特征及性质,在所有图示中相同的参考字符对应地进行标识。
图1显示一发射机站及一接收机站。
图2显示所述发射机站处的处理单元。
图3显示实施基于容量的秩预测的秩预测器。
图4显示实施基于通过量的秩预测的秩预测器。
图5显示秩预测器中的容量调整单元。
图6显示用于实施秩预测的过程。
图7显示用于实施秩预测的设备。
具体实施方式
本文所用‘实例性’一词意指‘用作实例、示例或例证’。在本文中,任何称为‘实例性’的实施例或设计均未必应视为较其他实施例或设计更佳或有利。
图1显示无线通信系统100中的两个站110及150的一个实施例的方块图对于下行链路(或正向链路)传输来说,站110可以是以下的一部分或可含有其某些或所有功能性:基站、接入点、节点B及/或某些其他网络实体。站150可以是以下的一部分或可含有其某些或所有功能性:终端、移动站、用户设备、订户单元及/或某些其他装置对于上行链路(或反向链路)传输来说,站110可以是终端、移动站、用户设备等等的一部分,且站150可以是基站、接入点、节点B等等的一部分站110是数据传输的发射机且装备有多个(T个)天线站150是所述数据传输的接收机且装备有多个(R个)天线每一发射天线及每一接收天线可以是物理天线或天线阵列。
在发射机站110处,传输(TX)数据处理器120从数据源112接收业务数据,依据包格式处理(例如,格式化、编码、交错及符号映射)所述业务数据,且产生数据符号如本文所使用,数据符号是用于数据的符号,导频符号是用于导频的符号,且符号通常是复值所述数据符号及导频符号可以是来自诸如PSK或QAM等调制方案的调制符号。导频是发射机及接收机两者先验已知的数据包格式可指示数据速率或信息位速率、编码方案或码速率、调制方案、包大小及/或其他参数包格式还可称为速率、传输格式或某些其他术语TX数据处理器120将所述数据符号多路分用为M个流,其中1≤M≤T且由通过控制器/处理器140所提供的秩确定所述数据符号流经由MIMO信道同时发送且还可称为数据流、空间流、输出流或某些其他术语。
TX空间处理器130对所述M个数据符号流多路复用导频符号,对所述经多路复用数据及导频符号实施发射机空间处理,且将T个输出符号流提供到T个发射机(TMTR)132a到132t。每一发射机132均处理(例如,调制、转换至模拟形式、滤波、放大、及上变频)其输出符号流,并产生经调制信号。分别从天线134a到134t发射来自发射机132a到132t的T个经调制信号。
在接收机站150处,R个天线152a到152r接收所述T个经调制信号,且每一天线152将所接收信号提供到各自的接收机(RCVR)154每一接收机154处理(例如,滤波、放大、下变频、数字化及解调制)其所接收信号以获得所接收符号每一接收机154将用于业务数据的所接收符号提供到接收(RX)空间处理器160且将用于导频的所接收符号提供到信道处理器194信道处理器194基于所述用于导频的所接收符号(及可能用于业务数据的所接收符号)估计从站110到站150的MIMO信道的响应且提供信道估计到RX空间处理器160RX空间处理器160用所述信道估计对所述用于业务数据的所接收符号实施MIMO检测,且提供数据符号估计。RX数据处理器170处理(例如,解交错及解码)所述数据符号估计,且将经解码的数据提供到数据汇172。
接收机站150可评估所述信道条件且发送反馈信息到发射机站110所述反馈信息可指示(例如):将用于传输的秩、信道质量指示符(CQI)、将用于传输的包格式、接收机站150所解码包的确认(ACK)及/或否定确认(NAK)、其他类型的信息或其任一组合所述反馈信息由TX信令处理器180处理(例如,编码、交错及符号映射)、由TX空间处理器182以空间方式处理,且进一步由发射机154a到154r处理以产生R个经调制信号,所述经调制信号经由天线152a到152r传输
在发射机站110处,所述R个经调制信号被天线134a到134t接收,由接收器132a到132t处理,由RX空间处理器136以空间方式处理,且进一步由RX信令处理器138处理(例如,解交错及解码)以恢复所述反馈信息控制器/处理器140基于所述反馈信息控制到接收器站150的数据传输。
控制器/处理器140及190分别地控制站110及150处的操作存储器142及192分别地存储站110及150的数据及程序码。
本文所述秩预测技术可用于任一MIMO无线通信系统,例如诸如频分多址(FDMA)系统、码分多址(CDMA)系统、时分多址(TDMA)系统、空分多址(SDMA)系统、正交FDMA(OFDMA)系统、单载波FDMA(SC-FDMA)系统等等MIMO无线通信系统。OFDMA使用正交频分多址(OFDM),且SC-FDMA使用单载波频分多址(SC-FDM)。OFDMA及SC-FDMA将系统频宽划分成多个(K个)正交副载波,其又称作音调、箱等等。每一副载波均可调制有数据。一般来说,通过OFDM在频域中及通过SC-FDM在时域中来发送调制符号。
由发射机站110处的T个天线及接收机站150处的R个天线形成的MIMO信道可由用于每一副载波k的RxT MIMO信道响应矩阵H(k)来表征,所述矩阵H(k)可表示为:
其中条目hi,j(k)(其中,i=1、...、R且j=1、...、T)是副载波k的传输天线j及接收天线i的耦合或复合增益。
所述MIMO信道可分解为S个空间信道,其中S≤min{T,R}所述空间信道还可称为空间层、层、独立信道等等所述MIMO信道响应矩阵H(k)可经对角化以获得所述MIMO信道的S个本征模式,所述本征模式可视为正交空间信道通过在所述发射机处实施本征波束成形可在所述S个本征模式上发送S个数据符号流还可通过所述发射机处的某些其他空间处理或无任何空间处理而在所述S个空间信道上发送S个数据符号流。
本征模式的数量(或空间信道的数量)称为所述MIMO信道的秩如果S=min{T,R}则所述MIMO信道可视为满秩,且如果S<min{T,R}则是小于满秩所述秩通常由信道条件确定举例来说,在具有充足散射的无线信道中所述秩通常是较高的且在与空间相关信道及视线(LOS)信道中通常是较低的。
通过传输数据以使数据符号流的数量匹配所述MIMO信道的秩可实现良好性能(例如,更高总通过量)在低秩信道中,降低数据符号流的数量可相当大地降低流间干扰且增加所传输数据符号流的接收信号质量,此可允许以更高速率发送所述流因而,可能通过更少的数据符号流实现更高的总通过量相反,在满秩信道中,可发送最大数量的数据符号流以完全地利用所述MIMO信道的所有空间信道且最大化MIMO增益。
本文所述的秩预测技术确定将传输的数据符号流的数量以便可实现良好性能
所述秩预测技术可用于诸如单码字(SCW)模式及多码字(MCW)模式等各种操作模式在所述SCW模式中,单个包格式用于所有数据符号流,此可简化发射机及接收机处的操作在所述MCW模式中,不同包格式可用于每一数据符号流,此可增加在某些信道条件下的性能。
所述秩预测技术还可用于诸如直接映射方案、伪随机映射方案、波束成形方案等等各种空间处理方案在直接映射方案中,从每一发射天线发送一个数据符号流而无任何空间处理在伪随机映射方案中,从所有T个天线发送每一数据符号流,且所有数据符号流实现相似的接收信号质量在波束成形方案中,在不同本征模式上发送每一数据符号流,且所述数据符号流可实现相同或不同的接收信号质量一般来说,可通过信噪比(SNR)、信号比噪声及干扰比例(SINR)、每符号能量比噪声比例(Es/No)等等量化信号质量为清晰起见,使用SNR来表示下述说明中的信号质量
为清晰起见,下文针对基于OFDM的系统(例如,OFDMA系统)阐述所述秩预测技术此外,针对在伪随机映射方案的情况下的SCW模式阐述所述技术
图2显示发射机站110处的TX数据处理器120、TX空间处理器130及发射机132a到132t的一个实施例的方块图在TX数据处理器120中,编码器210根据编码方案编码业务数据且产生码位。所述编码方案可包括Turbo码、卷积码、低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码、循环冗余校验(CRC)码、块码等等、或者其组合信道交错器212基于交错方案交错(或重排)所述码位且提供经交错位。符号映射器214根据调制方案映射所述经交错位且提供数据符号 多路分用器(Demux)216将所述数据符号多路分用为M个流,其中M是所述MIMO信道的所预测/所选择秩且由控制器/处理器140提供
在TX空间处理器130中,多路复用器(Mux)220从TX数据处理器120接收M个数据符号流且将所述数据符号及导频符号映射到每一符号周期中的正确副载波空间映射单元222将每一副载波k的数据及/或导频符号乘以来自矩阵选择器224的TxM空间映射矩阵P M(k)且提供所述副载波的输出符号矩阵P M(k)可以是TxT Fourier矩阵、TxT正交矩阵或某些其他矩阵的子矩阵矩阵选择器可基于来自控制器/处理器140的秩M确定P M(k)的维度矩阵选择器224还可向不同副载波提供不同空间映射矩阵空间映射单元222将T个输出符号流提供到T个发射机132a到132t。
每一发射机132包括OFDM调制器(Mod)230及TX无线电频率(RF)单元232在每一发射机132内,OFDM调制器230接收输出符号流且产生OFDM符号在每一符号周期中,OFDM调制器230对K个副载波的K个输出符号实施K-点IFFT且附加循环前缀以产生所述符号周期的OFDM符号TX RF单元232处理所述OFDM符号且产生经调制信号。
在接收机站150处,来自接收机154a到154r的所接收符号可表示为:
r(k)=H(k)·P M(k)·s(k)+n(k)=H M(k)·s(k)+n(k), Eq(2)
其中s(k)是副载波k的数据符号的Mx1向量,
r(k)是副载波k的数据符号的Rx1向量,
H M(k)=H(k)·P M(k)是副载波k的RxM有效MIMO信道响应矩阵,及
n(k)是副载波k的Rx1噪声向量。
为简明起见,假定噪声是具有零平均向量及协方差矩阵n(k)=σn 2·I的加成性白高斯噪声(AWGN),其中σn 2是噪声的方差且I是恒等矩阵。
接收机站150可使用各种MIMO检测技术来恢复由发射机站110所发送的数据符号所述MIMO检测技术包括:(1)线性MIMO检测技术,例如最小平均平方误差(MMSE)、强制归零(ZF)及最大比例组合(MRC)技术;及(2)非线性MIMO检测技术,例如最大可能性(ML)解码、列表球解码(LSD-List Sphere Decoding)、决策反馈均衡器(DFE)及连续干扰抵消(SIC)技术接收机站150可基于所述MMSE、ZF或MRC技术得到每一副载波k的如下的空间滤波矩阵:
D mmse(k)=[diag{Q M(k)}]-1,and
在方程式(3)及(5),D mmse(k)及D mrc(k)是用以获得所述数据符号的规范化估计的定标值的MxM对角矩阵。
接收机站150可实施如下MIMO检测:
接收机站150可基于从发射机站110所接收的导频符号获得H(k)或H M(k)的估计。接收机站150然后可基于H(k)或H M(k)得到M(k)。M(k)的维度取决于传输所使用的秩M。中的数据符号估计是s(k)中的数据符号的估计。
在一个实施例中,通过评估所述MIMO信道的不同可能秩的性能且选择具有最佳或接近最佳性能的秩而实现秩预测。可通过诸如信道容量、通过量、信号质量(例如,SNR)等等各种度量量化性能。信道容量通常是指通信信道的理论传输容量。MIMO信道的容量取决于所述MIMO信道中的空间信道的数量及每一空间信道的信号质量。通过量通常是指经由通信信道发送的数据量。通过量取决于所述信道容量以及系统参数,例如可供使用的包格式。信道容量及通过量可根据频谱效率而给出,所述频谱效率通常以单位信息位每秒每赫兹(bps/Hz)给出。在下文说明中将信道容量简单地称为容量。
在一个实施例中,所述秩预测计及系统损失。如本文所使用,系统损失是指数据传输可经受的任何类型的损失。系统损失可包括系统实施损失(例如,由于编码方案、包格式等)、由于信道可变性(例如,干扰及传输功率的可变性)所导致的损失、处理损失(例如,信道估计错误)及/或其他类型的损失。
图3显示实施基于容量的秩预测且计及系统损失的秩预测器300的一个实施例。秩预测器300使用容量作为性能度量评估每一可能的秩的性能。为简明起见,下述说明假设T≤R,且可同时地从T个发射天线发送高达T个数据符号流。秩预测器300包括分别地用于m=1到T的T个可能秩的T个处理区段310a到310t。每一处理区段310确定可用于数据传输的不同可能秩的平均容量。
在用于秩m的处理区段310中(其中,m∈{1,...T}),空间映射单元312接收每一副载波k的MIMO信道响应矩阵H(k),将H(k)乘以秩m的Txm空间映射矩阵P m(k),且提供副载波k的Rxm有效MIMO信道响应矩阵H m(k)。假设传输秩m的m个数据符号流,单元312以与发射机站110处的空间映射单元222相同的方式实施空间映射。
SNR计算单元314确定秩m的m个数据符号流或(等效地)m个空间信道的SNR在上述MMSE技术的情况下,如方程式(6)中所示,首先基于H m(k)确定Q m(k)然后,秩m的每一数据符号流的SNR可表示为:
其中qm,i(k)是副载波k的Q m(k)的第i个对角元素,及
SNRm,j(k)是副载波k的数据符号流i的SNR
方程式(8)以线性单元给出SNR。对其他MIMO检测技术来说,以不同方式计算SNR。
然后,秩m的所有m个数据符号流的平均SNR可计算如下:
其中SNRavg,m(k)是副载波k的所有m个数据符号流的平均SNR。
容量映射器316将每一副载波k的平均SNRavg,m(k)映射为容量且进一步累计所有K个副载波的容量可基于如下的无约束容量函数实施所述容量映射。
其中Cavg,m是秩m的每一空间信道的平均容量。在方程式(10)中,每一副载波的容量给出为:log2[1+SNRavg,m(k)]然后,累计所有K个副载波的容量以获得秩m的平均容量。所述无约束容量函数假设没有因编码或调制的损失。
还可基于如下受约束容量函数实施所述容量映射:
其中,η<1.0是惩罚因数,其可计及诸如调制方案、编码方案、编码速率、包大小等等各种因素还可基于其他容量函数或查找表确定容量
如下文所述,容量调整单元318调整平均容量Cavg,m以计及各种因素单元318提供秩m的经调整容量Cadj,m。
秩选择器330所有T个可能的秩1到T的经调整容量Cadj,1到Cadj,T。秩选择器330首先确定每一秩m的如下总容量Ctotal,m:
Ctotal,m=m·Cavg,m. Eq(12)
秩选择器330然后选择所述T个可能的秩中的一者在一个实施例中,秩选择器330提供如下的具有最大总容量的秩:
在另一个实施例中,秩选择器330选择如下的具有在预定百分比的最大总容量之内的总容量的最低秩:
M=min{arg(Ctotal,m>β·Cmax)}, Eq(14)
其中,Cmax是所有T个可能的秩的最大总容量且β≤1.0较低秩通常更稳健地抵抗有害信道条件及信道估计错误因而,如果较低秩可实现接近最大总容量的总容量,则可选择所述较低秩以供使用
CQI产生器332接收所有T个可能秩以及所选择秩M的经调整容量Cadj,1到Cadj,T。在一个实施例中,CQI产生器332确定如下的所选择秩M的经调整容量Cadj,M的有效SNR:
其中SNReff,M以单位分贝(dB)给出CQI产生器332还可通过某些其他函数或SNR比容量的查找表确定有效SNR。
在一个实施例中,CQI产生器332将所述有效SNR量化为预定数量的位以获得所选择秩M的CQI。在另一个实施例中,CQI产生器332基于包格式比所需SNR的速率查找表将所述有效SNR映射为包格式此速率查找表含有所述系统支持的每一包格式的所需SNR每一包格式的所需SNR可以是在特定目标包错误率(PER)(例如,1%PER)的情况下可靠地在AWGN信道中传输包所需的最小SNR所述速率查找表可通过计算机模拟、经验测量、测试及/或某些其他机制产生。
图4显示实施基于通过量的秩预测及计及系统损失的秩预测器400的一个实施例秩预测器400使用通过量作为所述性能度量评估每一可能的秩的性能秩预测器400包括分别地用于m=1到T的T个可能秩的T个处理区段410a到410t每一处理区段410确定可用于数据传输的不同可能秩的通过量。
在用于秩m的处理区段410中(其中,m∈{1,...T}),单元412、414、416及418分别地以与图3中的单元312、314、316及318相同的方式运作SNR计算单元420接收秩m的经调整容量Cadj,m且确定有效SNR(例如,如方程式(15)中所示)速率查找表422接收秩m的的有效SNR且提供具有最大通过量及小于所述有效SNR的所需SNR的包格式。
秩选择器430接收所有T个可能的秩的通过量TP1到TPT且确定如下的每一秩的总通过量TPtotal,m:
TPtotal,m=m·TPm. Eq(16)
然后,秩选择器430选择所述T个可能的秩中的一者在一个实施例中,秩选择器430提供具有如下的最大总通过量的秩:
在另一个实施例中,秩选择器430选择如下的具有在预定百分比的最大总通过量之内的总通过量的最低秩:
M=min{arg(TPtotal,m>β·TPmax)}, Eq(18)
其中TPmax是所有T个可能的秩的最大总通过量
如图4中所示,CQI产生器432可接收所有T个可能的秩的有效SNR且提供所选择秩M的有效SNR作为所述CQICQI产生器432还可接收所有T个可能的秩的包格式且提供所选择秩M的包格式作为所述CQI(图4中未显示)
图3及4分别地显示基于容量及通过量的性能度量的秩预测的两个实施例通过量可视为经量化版本的容量,其中所述量化由所支持的包格式确定容量与通过量之间之差异通常随着更多所支持包格式而减少。
秩预测也可基于其他性能度量实施在另一个实施例中,基于信号质量(例如,SNR)的性能度量实施秩预测可(例如)如方程式(9)中所示确定秩m的每一副载波k的平均SNR且在所述K个副载波上累计以获得秩m的平均SNR。然后可对每一秩m的平均SNR施加调整以获得所述秩的经调整SNR然后,所述T个可能的秩的经调整SNR可用于选择一个秩以及确定所选择秩的CQI
图3及4中的平均容量Cavg,m是具有秩m的MIMO系统中每一空间信道的容量。所述所计算平均容量Cavg,m经受诸如(例如)信道估计错误等各种错误源所述平均容量Cavg,m还可由于诸如(例如)有限组的所述系统支持且可用于数据传输的包格式等各种原因而不能实现此外,在发送数据时(例如)由于信道条件的改变、干扰及传输功率的变化等等在一个时刻所计算的容量可不同于在另一个时刻的容量此外,某些约束可强加于所述秩选择所述平均容量Cavg,m可经调整以计及所述各种因素。
图5显示容量调整单元318x的一个实施例,其可用于图3中的每一容量调整单元318及图4中的每一容量调整单元418在容量调整单元318x中,单元510调整秩m的平均容量以计及编码损失不同错误纠正码可具有不同的损失量,其可由所述码的错误纠正容量确定举例来说,卷积码可具有比Turbo码大的损失用于编码损失的调整还称为间隙-对-容量补偿在一个方面,其可计算如下:
Cgap,m=log2[1+SNRavg,m/g], Eq(20)
其中g≥1.0是计及编码损失的因素不同码可与不同值的g相关联。
单元512调整秩m的容量以计及信道估计错误在一个方面,此可计算如下:
SNRch,m=Channel_Backoff(SNRgap,m,m,Channel model),Eq(22)
Cch,m=log2[1+SNRch,m], Eq(23)
其中Channel_Backoff是降低秩m的SNR以计及信道估计错误的函数。
由于信道估计错误所导致的损失量可取决于各种因素,例如所述MIMO信道的秩(例如,秩越高损失越多)、信道模型(例如,移动性越高损失越多)等等所述信道模型可通过天线配置、移动性或Doppler及/或其他因数量化可基于计算机模拟、经验测量、测试及/或某些其他手段确定由于信道估计错误所导致的损失量可针对诸如不同天线配置(例如,2×4、4×2)、不同候选秩、不同Doppler等等不同操作情景确定所述损失一般来说,可针对任何数量的操作情景及基于任何数量的输入参数以及任何类型的输入参数定义所述Channel_Backoff函数所述Channel_Backoff函数可存储于一个或多个查找表中,例如,一个用于每一操作情景的查找表。
单元514调整秩m的容量以计及干扰变化在一个方面,此可计算如下:
SNRint,m=Interference_Backoff(SNRch,m,Interference variation),Eq(25)
Cint,m=log2[1+SNRint,m], Eq(26)
其中Interference_Backoff是降低秩m的SNR以计及由接收机站150所观测到的干扰变化的函数。
接收机站150可测量在时间及/或频率上的干扰且基于所述测量确定干扰的变化。可基于计算机模拟、经验测量、测试及/或某些其他手段确定由于干扰变化所导致的损失量。所述Interference_Backoff函数可存储于查找表中。
单元516可对秩m的容量施加其他调整。在一个实施例中,单元516可施加调整以计及:(1)由功率控制引起的传输功率随时间的变化,及/或(2)导频或控制信道的传输功率与业务信道的传输功率之间的偏移。举例来说,依据在即将到来的间隔中是降低还是增加所述传输功率,单元516可降低或增加容量。在一个实施例中,如果m>1且秩m的SNR低于预定SNR,则单元516可取消秩m的资格。低SNR可指示站110或150位于覆盖边缘附近且是越区切换的候选。取消秩m的资格可导致选择较低秩(例如,秩1),在低SNR条件下,较低秩可能更稳健。在一个实施例中,单元516可调整秩m的容量以计及H-ARQ包终止等待时间。通过H-ARQ,在一个传输中及(如果需要)一个或多个再传输中发送包直至接收机站150正确地解码所述包。H-ARQ包终止等待时间是指包的传输/再传输的平均数量。较多等待时间可指示所述秩预测的不准确度。因此,可针对较多等待时间施加较多补偿。在一个实施例中,单元516可施加偏置,以便如果观测到秩的可变性,则选择较低秩。一般来说,单元516可施加用于可影响数据传输性能的任何数量的因素及任何类型因素的调整。
单元518将秩m的容量限制在最小及最大值的范围内。所述最小值称为基准,表示为Cfloor,且可设定为所有支持包格式的最低通过量。所述最大值称为升限,表示为Cceiling,且可设定为所有支持包格式的最大通过量。然后,每一秩m的容量可约束于所述基准与升限内。在一个方面,此可表示如下:
其中Cmisc,m是来自单元516的秩m的容量在方程式(27)中,如果秩m的的容量在所述基准及升限的范围内在其不被修改,且如果大于所述升限则设定为所述升限,且如果小于所述基准则设定为零将所述容量设定为零意味将不选择秩m以供使用
一般来说,可针对任何数量及任何类型的因素施加调整。图5显示针对某些实例性因素所施加的调整还可针对更少、不同及/或额外因素施加所利用的调整举例来说,可略去方程式(27)中针对所支持包格式的调整作为另一个实例,可仅施加这对信道估计错误及干扰变化的调整所述调整提供秩预测的余量以便根据秩预测中的各种可能的错误源选择供使用的适当秩。
对清晰起见,在除单元516外的情况下,图5显示用于针对每一因素施加调整的独立单元然而,所述单元可集成为一个或多个功能单元,例如软件、硬件或其组合同样为清晰起见,分别地阐述针对每一因素的调整一般来说,可针对每一因素、针对一子组的因素或针对所有考虑到因素独立地施加所述调整此外,可以除图5中所示次序外的其他次序施加所述调整可在任何数量的输入参数及任何类型的输入参数的情况下使用任何数量的函数及/或查找表施加所述调整。
在图3到图5中所示的实施例中,调整施加于每一秩m的所述空间信道的平均容量。秩选择器330及430然后确定每一秩的总容量或总通过量且选择具有最佳或接近最佳性能的秩对所述平均容量施加调整可导致秩越高则粒度越大调整还可施加于总容量或总通过量而非平均容量或平均通过量。
接收机站150可将所选择秩M量化为预定量的位,其可基于所述系统所支持的最高秩确定举例来说,如果所述系统支持4×4配置作为最高维度配置,则最高可能秩是4,且所选择秩M可使用2个位进行传送。
接收机站150还可将所述CQI量化为预定数量的位,其可通过所述CQI的所需精度确定位越多允许以更精细的粒度报告所述CQI,其可有益于包格式选择所述CQI的位数量可以是基于(例如,成比例于)所述系统所支持的包格式的数量包格式越多通常意味着包格式之间的更小频率效率阶跃怎更精确CQI可有益于选择合适的包格式所述CQI可量化为3个、4个、5个、6个或某些其他数量的位
接收机站150可周期性地且以足够快的速率确定及报告所述秩及CQI以实现数据传输的良好性能可以相同速率确定及报告所述秩及CQI,例如每5、10或20毫秒(ms)另一选择为,可以不同速率确定及报告所述秩及CQI举例来说,可以第一速率确定及报告所述秩,且以第二速率确定及报告所述CQIMIMO信道的秩可以比所述空间信道的SNR慢的速率改变且因而可被以比所述CQI慢的速率报告
如图1中所示,可由接收机站150确定所述秩及CQI且发送回发射机站110还可由发射机站110使用来自接收机站150的信息确定所述秩及CQI举例来说,在时分双工(TDD)系统中,下行链路及上行链路共享相同频率信道,且一个链路的信道响应可假设是另一个链路的信道响应的倒数在这种情况中,发射机站110可以能够基于由接收机站150所发送的导频估计所述MIMO信道响应发射机站110然后可基于其对所述MIMO信道响应的估计确定用于数据传输的所述秩及包格式
为清晰起见,已针对所述SCW模式阐述了秩预测技术所述技术还可用于选择MCW模式的秩可如上文针对所述SCW模式一样实施所述MCW模式的秩预测针对每一候选秩m,调整可施加于秩m的每一空间信道的容量或所有空间信道的总容量。可确定所选择秩M中每一空间信道的CQI。如果M大于1则可产生多余1个的CQI。
图6显示用于实施秩预测的过程600的一个实施例确定多个秩的性能度量(方块612)每一秩指示将同时地经由MIMO信道发送的不同数量的数据符号流或(等效地)用于数据传输的空间信道的数量的所述性能度量可涉及所述MIMO信道的容量、经由所述MIMO信道发送的数据传输的通过量、所述MIMO信道的信号质量等等可确定所述秩中每一者的性能度量。
可将调整施加于所述多个秩的性能度量以获得所述秩的经调整的性能度量(方块614)所述调整计及某些系统损失参数所述损失可以是由于用于数据传输的错误纠正码、接收机处的信道估计错误、由接收机所观测到的干扰变化、由于功率控制的传输功率的可变性及/或其他因素所导致的损失中的一者或多者此外,可利用其他损失参数所述调整可施加于SNR(如上文所述)、容量及/或其他度量,所有所述度量可能是相关的举例来说,SNR可经由容量函数或查找表转换为容量,且反之亦然可从考虑中略去具有低于预定阈值的性能度量的秩所述秩的性能度量可限制在一个值范围内,其可由所支持的包格式确定可使用查找表、计算及/或某些其他手段施加所述调整。
基于所述经调整的性能度量从所述多个秩中选择一秩以用于数据传输(方块616)可选择具有经最佳调整的性能度量的秩另一选择为,可选择具有在预定百分比的经最佳调整的性能度量内的经调整的性能度量的最低秩基于所选择秩的经调整的性能度量确定所述所选择秩的至少一个CQI(方块618)举例来说,对所述SCW模式来说可确定一个CQI,然而对于所述MCW模式来说可确定M个CQI每一CQI可以是经量化SNR、包格式或某些其他类型的信息如果在接收机处实施所述秩预测,则可将所选择秩及所述CQI量化且发送到所述发射机
过程600可由接收机站150处的控制器/处理器190或某些其他处理器实施过程600还可由发射机站110处的控制器/处理器140或某些其他处理器实施可使用接收机站150处的存储器192或发射机站110处的存储器142中所存储的查找表实施所述调整。
图7显示用于实施秩预测的设备700的一个实施例设备700包括:用于确定多个秩的性能度量的装置(方块712);用于对所述多个秩的性能度量施加调整以获得所述秩的经调整的性能度量的装置(方块714);用于基于所述经调整的性能度量从所述多个秩中选择一秩以用于数据传输的装置(方块716);及用于基于所选择秩的经调整的性能度量确定所述所选择秩的至少一个CQI的装置(方块718)。
可通过各种手段实施本文所阐释的秩预测技术。举例来说,所述技术可实施于硬件、固件、软件或其组合中。对于硬件实施方案来说,用于实施秩预测的处理单元可实施于一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理装置(DSPD)、可编程逻辑装置(PLD)、场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器、电子装置、其它设计用于实施本文所述功能的电子装置,或其组合内。
对于固件及/或软件实施方案来说,可通过用以执行本文所述功能的指令(例如,程序、函数等等)来实施所述秩预测技术。所述指令(例如,软件或固件)可存储于存储器(例如,图1中所示的存储器192)内并由处理器(例如处理器190)执行。所述存储器既可实施于所述处理器内还可实施于所述处理器外部。
提供上文对所揭示实施例的上述说明以使所属技术领域的技术人员能够制作或使用本发明。所属技术领域的技术人员将易于得出所述实施例的各种修改,且本文所界定的一般原理还可适用于其它实施例,此并未背离本发明的精神或范围。因此,本文并不希望将本发明限定于本文所示实施例,而欲赋予其与本文所揭示原理及新颖特征相一致的最宽广范围。
Claims (26)
1.一种设备,其包含:
至少一个处理器,其经配置以
确定多个秩的性能度量,每一秩指示将同时经由多输入多输出(MIMO)信道发送的不同数量的数据流,
将调整施加于所述多个秩的所述性能度量以获得经调整的性能度量,所述调整计及系统损失,及
基于所述经调整的性能度量从所述多个秩中选择一秩以用于数据传输;及
存储器,其耦合至所述至少一个处理器。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述性能度量涉及所述MIMO信道的容量。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述性能度量涉及经由所述MIMO信道发送的数据传输的通过量。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述性能度量涉及所述MIMO信道的信号质量。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述调整计及由于用于数据传输的错误纠正码所导致的损失。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述调整计及接收机处的信道估计错误。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述调整计及由接收机观测到的干扰变化。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述调整计及用于数据传输的传输功率变化。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以
略去具有低于预定阈值的性能度量的秩。
10.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以
将所述多个秩的所述性能度量限制在一值范围内。
11.如权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述值范围是由可用于数据传输的包格式确定的。
12.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以
选择具有经最佳调整的性能度量的秩。
13.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以
确定所述多个秩的所述经调整的性能度量中的经最佳调整的性能度量,及
选择具有处在所述经最佳调整的性能度量的预定百分比内的经调整的性能度量的最低秩。
14.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以
用预定数量的位表示所述选择的秩,及
将所述选择的秩发送到发射机。
15.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以
基于所述选择的秩的经调整的性能度量来确定至少一个信道质量指示符(CQI)。
16.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个处理器经配置以
基于所述选择的秩的经调整的性能度量来确定信噪比(SNR),及
量化所述SNR以获得所述选择的秩的信道质量指示符(CQI)。
17.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述存储器经配置以存储针对所述性能度量的调整的至少一个查找表。
18.一种方法,其包含:
确定多个秩的性能度量,每一秩指示将同时经由多输入多输出(MIMO)信道发送的不同数量的数据流;
将调整施加于所述多个秩的所述性能度量以获得经调整的性能度量,所述调整计及系统损失;及
基于所述经调整的性能度量从所述多个秩中选择一秩以用于数据传输。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中确定性能度量包含确定所述MIMO信道的容量、经由所述MIMO信道发送的数据传输的通过量或所述MIMO信道的信号质量中的一者或多者的性能度量。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法,其进一步包含计算针对所述性能度量中的一者或多者的调整。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中计算包含计算以计及由于用于数据传输的错误纠正码、接收机处的信道估计错误、由所述接收机观测到的干扰变化、用于数据传输的传输功率变化或其组合中的一者或多者所导致的损失。
22.一种设备,其包含:
用于确定多个秩的性能度量的装置,每一秩指示将同时经由多输入多输出(MIMO)信道发送的不同数量的数据流;
用于将调整施加于所述多个秩的所述性能度量以获得经调整的性能度量的装置,所述调整计及系统损失;及
用于基于所述经调整的性能度量从所述多个秩中选择一秩以用于数据传输的装置。
23.如权利要求22所述的设备,其中所述用于确定性能度量的装置包含用于确定所述MIMO信道的容量、经由所述MIMO信道发送的数据传输的通过量或所述MIMO信道的信号质量中的一者或多者的性能度量的装置。
24.如权利要求22所述的设备,其进一步包含用于计算针对所述性能度量中的一者或多者的调整的装置。
25.如权利要求24所述的设备,其中所述用于计算的装置包含用于计算以计及由于用于数据传输的错误纠正码、接收机处的信道估计错误、由所述接收机观测到的干扰变化、用于数据传输的传输功率变化或其组合中的一者或多者所导致的损失的装置。
26.一种用于存储指令的处理器可读媒体,所述指令包含:
用于确定多个秩的性能度量的指令,每一秩指示将同时经由多输入多输出(MIMO)信道发送的不同数量的数据流;
用于将调整施加于所述多个秩的所述性能度量以获得经调整的性能度量的指令,所述调整计及系统损失;及
用于基于所述经调整的性能度量从所述多个秩中选择一秩以用于数据传输的指令。
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2007
- 2007-12-16 IL IL188157A patent/IL188157A0/en unknown
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2011
- 2011-11-07 JP JP2011243644A patent/JP5453374B2/ja active Active
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US8670430B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2014-03-11 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Apparatus for transmitting uplink signal in mimo wireless communication system and method thereof |
CN102308489B (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2014-07-09 | Lg电子株式会社 | 在mimo无线通信系统中发送上行链路信号的装置及其方法 |
CN102308489A (zh) * | 2009-03-03 | 2012-01-04 | Lg电子株式会社 | 在mimo无线通信系统中发送上行链路信号的装置及其方法 |
CN102349326A (zh) * | 2009-03-09 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社Ntt都科摩 | 无线基站 |
US10405337B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2019-09-03 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method, apparatus and system for uplink rank adaptation |
CN102882657A (zh) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-16 | 瑞典爱立信有限公司 | 用于上行链路秩自适应的方法、设备和系统 |
CN102882657B (zh) * | 2011-07-15 | 2018-01-23 | 瑞典爱立信有限公司 | 用于上行链路秩自适应的方法、设备和系统 |
US11019647B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2021-05-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method, apparatus and system for uplink rank adaptation |
CN103918208A (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-07-09 | 瑞典爱立信有限公司 | 针对csi-rs资源的集合的csi报告 |
CN103918208B (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2017-07-14 | 瑞典爱立信有限公司 | 针对csi‑rs资源的集合的csi报告 |
CN104838432A (zh) * | 2012-12-13 | 2015-08-12 | Zte维创通讯公司 | 用于接收机中断事件后的改进的外环的方法和装置 |
CN104838432B (zh) * | 2012-12-13 | 2018-03-09 | Zte维创通讯公司 | 用于接收机中断事件后的改进的外环的方法和装置 |
CN110637420A (zh) * | 2017-05-16 | 2019-12-31 | T移动美国公司 | 基于下行链路错误率的秩指示符适配 |
WO2018232832A1 (zh) * | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种确定mimo层数的方法和设备 |
Also Published As
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TW200718064A (en) | 2007-05-01 |
EP1897258B1 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
RU2008101662A (ru) | 2009-07-27 |
RU2386214C2 (ru) | 2010-04-10 |
US8599945B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 |
BRPI0612224B1 (pt) | 2019-05-28 |
US20070005749A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
IL188157A0 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
AU2006259464A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
CA2612318C (en) | 2013-07-16 |
JP5453374B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
HUE039056T2 (hu) | 2018-12-28 |
JP2008544653A (ja) | 2008-12-04 |
TWI319665B (en) | 2010-01-11 |
WO2006138337A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
CA2612318A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
MX2007015985A (es) | 2008-03-07 |
BRPI0612224A2 (pt) | 2010-10-26 |
KR101057613B1 (ko) | 2011-08-18 |
ES2683651T3 (es) | 2018-09-27 |
JP2012105271A (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
KR20080026620A (ko) | 2008-03-25 |
EP1897258A1 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
CN101233713B (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
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