CN101296640B - 改进的床垫 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
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- A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
- A61G7/05715—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with modular blocks, or inserts, with layers of different material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
- A47C27/08—Fluid mattresses or cushions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
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- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
- A47C27/08—Fluid mattresses or cushions
- A47C27/10—Fluid mattresses or cushions with two or more independently-fillable chambers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
- A47C27/14—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with foamed material inlays
- A47C27/148—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with foamed material inlays of different resilience
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
- A47C27/14—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with foamed material inlays
- A47C27/18—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with foamed material inlays in combination with inflatable bodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
- A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
- A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
- A61G7/05769—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with inflatable chambers
- A61G7/05776—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with inflatable chambers with at least two groups of alternately inflated chambers
Abstract
空气床垫主要用于医院、长期护理机构及居家使用。床垫包括多个泡沫层和一个具有多个弹性泡沫填充的气缸的空气区段。不同位置的气缸用不同密度(坚固性)的泡沫填充;一些气缸用多层泡沫填充。每一个气缸有一个通过进气阀与大气相连的进气口和一个排气口。在非动力空气床垫中,排气口与一个或更多个限制性的内部检测排气阀相连接,在动力空气床垫中,排气口通过软管连接器与泵相连接。在非动力空气床垫中,空气从缸中的受到限制地流出,允许病人可以缓慢地安置到支撑泡沫层中,以获得最优的界面压力分布。当病人调整位置或离开该表面时,气缸重新膨胀。
Description
本申请是2005年3月28日递交的美国临时申请No.60/665982的部分继续,其在此参考引入。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力和非动力空气床垫,主要用于医院、长期护理机构和居家使用。这种空气床垫设计成防止或限制在长期躺卧在床垫上期间病人身体上产生溃疡。
背景技术
已经有制造用于长期护理机构和医院的具有气缸(air cylinder)的空气床垫。Gates的美国专利No.5634224描述了一种包括一个装有流体的封套的缓冲装置,其中封套有一个减压阀和一个进气阀以当加载时调节封套的变形,以及当卸掉载荷时调节封套的重新成形。Maier的美国专利No.6223369描述了患者支撑表面,该患者支撑表面使用气缸的不同配置以及其静态或动态性能,非动力或动力的。用于静态非动力实施方式的外部阀门配置允许实现使用气泵和自校阀的“再充”技术,以使静态气缸中的气压返回到初始的制造规格。
发明内容
本发明关于一种改进的床垫,该床垫基本上避免了一个或更多个由于相关技术的局限和不足所产生的问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种带有用来支撑病人的改进泡沫配置的空气床垫。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种有助于阻止或限制溃疡的空气床垫。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在下文中进行描述,其部分描述是显而易见的,或者可以从发明实践中理解。通过书面描述和其权利要求及附图中具体指出的结构可以认识发明目的和其它优点。
为了获得这些优点,根据本发明的目的,如具体实施的和文中广泛描绘的,本发明提供了一种空气床垫,包括:多层泡沫、以及多个气缸,其中至少一些气缸填充有不同密度的弹性泡沫。优选地,至少一些气缸每个都填充有两层或更多层不同密度的弹性泡沫。此外,每个气缸包括一个通过进气阀与大气连接的进气口和排气口。所有气缸的排气口可连接在一起并连接到一个限制内部检测排气阀。可替换地,间隔的(alternating)气缸的排气口可连接在一起并连接到限制性的内部检测排气阀(restrictedinternal check outlet valve)。可替换地,间隔的气缸的排气口可连接在一起并连接到软管连接器,该软管连接器适于连接到泵。
应当理解,前面的总体描述和接下来的详细说明都是示范性的和解释性的,旨在提供所要求权利的本发明的进一步的解释说明。
附图说明
图1是依据本发明一个实施例的空气床垫的分解视图。
图2是依据本发明一个实施例的空气床垫的侧视截面图。
图2A和图2B是显示图2所示空气床垫的进气口/排气口连接的放大视图。
图3是依据本发明一个实施例的空气床垫的侧视截面图。
图3A和图3B是显示图3所示空气床垫的进气口/排气口连接的放大视图。
图4A至图4D是各种气缸的侧视截面图。
图5是依据本发明一个实施例的空气床垫的分解视图。
图6展示了图5中所示的空气床垫以及与床垫连接的泵。
图7和图7A分别是足跟垫(pillow)的俯视图和侧视图,显示了其尺寸。
图8和图8A分别是足跟支撑件的俯视图和侧视图,显示了其尺寸。
图9和图9A分别是周围栏杆的侧视图和俯视图,显示了其尺寸。
图10和图10A分别是顶部泡沫层的侧视截面图和俯视图,显示了其结构和尺寸。
图10B是图10中所示顶部泡沫层的放大侧视截面图。
图11是床垫空气区段的顶部透视图,显示了其尺寸。
图12是空气床垫气缸的末端部分截面图,显示了进气口和排气口的结构、其连接和尺寸。
图13是图12中所示气缸的部分侧视截面图,显示了进气口和尺寸。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种主要用于医院、长期护理机构和居家使用的改进空气床垫。依据本发明的实施例的空气床垫具有改进的成层的泡沫结构,以进一步限制或防止长期躺卧在该床垫上病人产生溃疡。具有各种密度和坚固性的泡沫层用于提供特殊的支撑性能。通过成层设置(layer)各种密度的泡沫而获得各种支撑性能。选择泡沫密度以使得在床垫各个部分身体的压力被最优化。例如,人体足跟部分的压力、人体头部的压力以及人体腿部的压力以及泡沫件都被选择以对减少溃疡发生进行优化。
详细地描述了依据本发明一个实施例的空气床垫的示例。详细地给出了用于构造各个构件的材料,以及各个构件的形状和尺寸;但是应当理解这些材料、形状和尺寸仅仅是优选的实施方式,本发明不是仅限于特定材料、形状和尺寸。
图1是依据本发明一个实施例的空气床垫10的分解视图。尽管所显示的实施例是用于一个非动力空气床垫,使用一个电动机的动力空气床垫也能采用同样的泡沫层设置来构造。
如图1所示,床垫10中的顶罩14是由Elastimax S(TM)制成的。顶罩14是可透气的,以防止床垫上“出汗”及湿气聚集。第一泡沫层16分成两部分。头部端和身体部分16a由两层泡沫组成,上层16b是15IFD1.45lb/ft3泡沫,底层16c是25 IFD 1.85lb/ft3泡沫。足部部分16d是单层15 IFD 1.45lb/ft3泡沫。如图2中更清楚地展示,足部部分16d从头部端到足部端轻微地向下倾斜。
第一泡沫层16的下面是包括由弹性泡沫材料填充的8个气缸18a的空气区段(air sector)18。图4A至图4D显示了每个气缸的泡沫填充,且后面会有更详细的描述。8个气缸18a中的每一个气缸被诸如聚氨酯或尼龙的柔性材料的织物套包围,每一个套与相邻的套相连接。在由泡沫填充的气缸的末端有一个足部段,该部分包括一个由31 IFD 1.80lb/ft3泡沫制成的足跟支撑件22。安置在足跟支撑件22的顶部之上和第一泡沫层的足部部分16d的倾斜段之下的是一个填充纤维的足跟垫24。足跟支撑件22的突出的末端段将足跟垫24保持在该突出的末端和气缸18a垂直的远末端之间的位置。自身共同拥有的美国专利No.5398354中描述了可用作足跟垫24的填充纤维的足跟垫的一个示例,其公开的内容参考引入本文。足跟支撑件22和足跟垫24形成足跟支撑组件26。一个55 IFD 1.80lb/ft3泡沫制成的U型侧面/端部栏杆28围绕气缸18a和足跟支撑组件26并将它们保持就位。
如图2所示,一个柔性蒙皮罩30包装第一泡沫层16、空气区段18、足跟支撑组件26和侧面/端部栏杆28。(为了避免图示过于拥挤,柔性蒙皮罩30未在图1中显示)。许多传统方法可用来制造柔性蒙皮罩30,比如用一个套或是围绕气缸热封(heat sealing)蒙皮。柔性蒙皮罩30是防水的并能防止泡沫构件污染。
在图7至图11中显示了上面描述的各种构件的进一步的细节。图7和图7A分别是纤维足跟垫24的俯视图和侧视图,显示了其尺寸。图8和图8A分别是足跟支撑件22的俯视图和侧视图,显示了其尺寸。图9和图9A分别是侧面/端部栏杆28的侧视图和俯视图,显示了其尺寸。图10和图10A分别是第一泡沫层16的侧视截面图和俯视图,显示了其结构和尺寸,以及图10B是图10中所示第一泡沫层16的一部分的放大的侧视截面图。图11是空气区段18的顶部透视图,显示了其尺寸。图12是气缸18a末端的部分截面图,显示了其进气口和排气口的结构、它们的连接和尺寸。图13是图12的气缸的部分侧视截面图,显示了进气口及尺寸。
参考图1所示,底罩32通过适当的方式如拉链与顶罩14相连接。底罩32的上层由层压到丁基橡胶薄层的尼龙制成。下层由4道可拉伸的、低湿度水汽可渗透的、涂有聚氨酯的织物(four way stretchable low moisturevapor permeable polyurethane coated fabric)制成。拉链或其他传统方法,如钩环结构连接器(hook and loop fabric connector)也可以用来连接顶罩14和底罩32。
下面将详细地描述气缸18a。参考图4A至图4D,显示了气缸18a的内部泡沫部件的各种结构。在一个优选实施例中,气缸18a中的每一个宽6.5”,高4.75”,且具有图4A至图4D中所示的4种结构中的一种。最接近床垫头部的最先的两个气缸具有类型1结构,其具有单片的25 IFD 1.85lb/ft3泡沫,如图4A所示。自床垫头部接下来的气缸具有类型2结构,由三层泡沫组成(由上部开始依次为15 IFD 1.45lb/ft3、25 IFD 1.85lb/ft3、35IFD 1.85lb/ft3泡沫),如图4B所示。自头部接下来的三个气缸具有类型4结构,带有三层泡沫(由上部开始依次为25IFD 1.85lb/ft3、29 IFD 1.85lb/ft3、35 IFD 1.85lb/ft3泡沫)和在其下面的一个36 IFD 1.50lb/ft3泡沫的0.25”增强器(booster)层,如图4D所示。自头部接下来的气缸具有类型3结构,带有单片的29 IFD 1.85lb/ft3泡沫,如图4C所示。自头部最后的,离足部端最近的气缸具有类型2结构,如图4B所示。图2和图3中也展示了4种类型气缸的排列。在所有的4类气缸中,由46 IFD 1.80lb/ft3泡沫制成的1/4英寸增强器被安装在底部(图4A至图4D中未显示)。这给床垫设置了轻微的凸起以便平衡病人对床垫的初始压痕。
为了使例如肩胛或骶骨的最脆弱点的界面压力集中点最小化,填充泡沫的坚固性和密度根据将支撑的人体特定部位而变化。以类型1(最软)、类型2、类型3和类型4(最坚固)的顺序,类型的整体坚固性依次增加。类型1结构用于头部,类型2结构用于肩胛和足跟,类型3结构用于腿部,以及类型4结构用于臀部。
用多层泡沫代替单片泡沫有助于获得希望的密度和支撑特性。尽管比使用单片泡沫更贵,但是这种结构能增强床垫的性能。
参照图2和图3,显示了两种可供选择的床垫的侧视截面图。除了排气口的连接之外,两种床垫是相似的。如前面所述,气缸18a用泡沫填充,在每个气缸末端具有进气口34和排气口36。进气口34通过进气阀34a与大气相连,排气口36以两种不同的方式连接在一起。在图2、2A和2B所示的实施例中,所有气缸18a的排气口36串联连接在一起,并与单个限制性的内部检测排气阀36a相连接。这种连接用于非动力空气床垫。在图3、3A和3B所示的实施例中,每隔一个的气缸18a的排气口36连接在一起,以及两组(每4个一组)排气口与床垫10侧面的两个软管连接器38相连,软管连接器38可与泵相连。图5是图3所示空气床垫10的分解视图,更加清楚地显示了通过两个管40与气缸排气口36相连接的两个连接器38。侧面栏杆28上的切口42允许管40穿过。图5所示空气床垫的其他构件与图1中所示相同。图6显示了通过两个空气软管104连接到泵102上的连接器38。图3、图3A、图3B和图5中所示的气缸连接模式能用在动力或非动力空气床垫中。特别指出的是,根据是否与泵相连,此种空气床垫可以在动力或非动力空气床垫间相互转换。当没有与泵相连(即非动力使用)时,与阀36a相似的限制性的内部检测阀用于两组排气口以允许空气的缓慢、受限制的流出。
在非动力空气床垫中(图2、图2A、图2B中所示的实施例和没有动力时的图3、图3A、图3B中所示的实施例),当进入时,每个受影响的气缸中的压力水平变化。当气缸内部压力高于临床有效的内部水平时,输出阀释放空气以达到治疗的低压平衡。在非动力条件下,空气自气缸受限制地流出,其允许病人缓慢地安置进支撑泡沫层,以获得最优的界面压力分布。当病人调整位置或从表面离开时,气缸重新膨胀。阀门系统可使压力缓慢变化,以最小化病人的定向障碍(disorientation)。结果是,支撑面实现低的界面压力而不需要泵或鼓风机。
在图3、图3A和图3B所示的动力空气床垫中,床垫10外部边缘上的两个连接器38允许与空气泵的连接,以驱动交替压力的能力。当空气床垫与泵相连时,如图6所示,床垫在交替的压力循环运行。其实现是依靠:按照预定的循环旋转的泵102中的回转阀,以及交替地与两个空气管104中的一个联合以对一组气缸18a加压,同时使空气通过泵从之前加压过的另一组气缸中排出。这种操作提供了平稳的、交替的低压的治疗效果。
应认识到,气缸的数量是可变的,因此气缸数可多于8个或是少于8个。用在各种构件中的精确的泡沫密度也可以改变,而不偏离本发明。气缸的尺寸可以选择,但图4A至图4D中所示的是优选的尺寸。床垫的总体尺寸也是可选的,但用于美国市场销售的床垫的优选尺寸是80英寸×35英寸×7英寸,而用于大多数国外市场销售的床垫的优选尺寸是75.25英寸×29.75英寸×6.00英寸。
而且,已经以优选实施例描述了本发明,如用于一种气动系统,泡沫的设置可用在非气动床垫或全部泡沫床垫中。为了遵从专利法,通过提供本发明的至少一种形式的充分公开,对本发明进行了相当详细的描述。然而,这样的具体描述绝不旨在限制本发明广泛的特征、主旨或范围。本发明旨在覆盖在所附的权利要求范围内进行的改进和变动。
Claims (6)
1.一种空气床垫,包括:
多层泡沫;
多个气缸,所述气缸中的至少一些填充有不同密度的弹性泡沫;
一个邻近所述气缸放置的足跟支撑组件,所述足跟支撑组件包括一个由泡沫制成的足跟支撑件和一个填充纤维的足跟垫;
一个由泡沫制成的U型栏杆,其围绕所述气缸和所述足跟支撑组件;以及
一个第一泡沫层,其安置在所述气缸和所述足跟支撑组件之上。
2.如权利要求1所述的空气床垫,其中所述气缸中的至少一些每个都填充有两层或更多层不同密度的弹性泡沫。
3.如权利要求1所述的空气床垫,包括8个气缸,其中至少一个气缸填充有25IFD 1.85lb/ft3泡沫,至少一个气缸填充有15IFD 1.45lb/ft3、25IFD 1.85lb/ft3和35IFD 1.85lb/ft3的三层泡沫,至少一个气缸填充有29IFD 1.85lb/ft3泡沫,以及至少一个气缸填充有25IFD 1.85lb/ft3、29IFD1.85lb/ft3和35 IFD 1.85lb/ft3的三层泡沫和36IFD 1.50lb/ft3泡沫增强器层。
4.如权利要求1所述的空气床垫,其中每个气缸包括通过一进气阀与大气相连的一个进气口和一个排气口,所有气缸的所述排气口连接在一起并连到一个限制性的内部检测排气阀。
5.如权利要求1所述的空气床垫,其中每个气缸包括通过一进气阀与大气相连的一个进气口和一个排气口,间隔的气缸的所述排气口连接在一起并连到一个限制性的内部检测排气阀。
6.如权利要求1所述的空气床垫,其中每个气缸包括通过一进气阀与大气相连的一个进气口和一个排气口,间隔的气缸的所述排气口连接在一起并连到一个软管连接器,所述软管连接器适用于与泵相连。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US66598205P | 2005-03-28 | 2005-03-28 | |
PCT/US2006/011424 WO2006105169A2 (en) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | Improved mattress |
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CN101296640B true CN101296640B (zh) | 2010-07-28 |
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US (1) | US7886386B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1863369B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5166238B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101296640B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE476889T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2006230244B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2602979C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602006016086D1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ562851A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006105169A2 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ATE476889T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
DE602006016086D1 (de) | 2010-09-23 |
WO2006105169A3 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
CA2602979C (en) | 2014-01-28 |
EP1863369A2 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
WO2006105169A2 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
US20100180384A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
US7886386B2 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
EP1863369A4 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
AU2006230244B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
CA2602979A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
CN101296640A (zh) | 2008-10-29 |
NZ562851A (en) | 2009-10-30 |
JP2008534144A (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
AU2006230244A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
JP5166238B2 (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
EP1863369B1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
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