CN101304774B - 一种用于安全针的非轴向复位弹簧 - Google Patents

一种用于安全针的非轴向复位弹簧 Download PDF

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CN101304774B
CN101304774B CN2006800422986A CN200680042298A CN101304774B CN 101304774 B CN101304774 B CN 101304774B CN 2006800422986 A CN2006800422986 A CN 2006800422986A CN 200680042298 A CN200680042298 A CN 200680042298A CN 101304774 B CN101304774 B CN 101304774B
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safety equipment
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shell
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S·琼斯
G·克拉克
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Covidien LP
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Abstract

提供了一种针安全设备，其具有外壳、可移动地安装在外壳内的针组件和用于将针组件偏压到外壳内的弹簧。针组件沿着第一轴线可移动，并且弹簧沿着不同于第一轴线的第二轴线可移动。也提供了用于增强通过针安全设备的流体流的显示的透镜。进一步提供了用于覆盖针组件的针和由于弹簧的偏压限制针组件移动的安全鞘。

Description

一种用于安全针的非轴向复位弹簧
本申请要求2005年9月22日申请的美国临时申请No.60/719,762的优先权，上述申请全文被引用于此作为参考。
技术领域 
本公开总体上涉及用于各种静脉内操作中的安全针。更具体而言，本公开涉及具有非轴向复位弹簧以相对于患者保持低针轮廓(profile)的可缩回安全针和涉及具有增强反光显示的结构的安全针。
背景技术
皮下针在需要流体采样，经皮药物注射，或将流体输送到患者或从患者取出流体的各种医学操作中用于静脉进入。各种静脉内针组件是已知的，其通常可以包括血液收集针，输注针，血液透析针，与血液收集袋相联系的针，等等。与静脉内针的使用相联系的问题可以包括针刺伤害，针相对于植入物的固定，和由于插入针和从患者取出针产生的困难。
与危险针暴露相联系的一些健康风险包括HIV，肝炎，和其他血液传播病原体。医学专业人员通过受到在医学，牙科，实验室等操作期间利用的污染针的意外“针刺”有接触来自受感染患者的这样的血液传播病原体的危险。典型地，外科针非常尖锐和危险。在使用针之前和之后会对操作者造成伤害。在使用针之后发生的伤害也可以感染受伤害方。因而，开发出了可缩回针，其在使用之后将外科针安全地定位在外壳内以防止污染针发生“针刺”伤害。尽管可缩回针在减小“针刺”伤害的数量中证明很成功，但是安全针设备的增加尺寸增加了针的轮廓，因而使针的插入更困难。
另外，当将针插入患者的手臂中时希望能够看到血液流过针以保证它正确地定位在静脉内。通过针的血流的显示典型地被称为“反光(flashback)”并且常常难以看到。
因此，希望具有一种针，该针具有在将针插入患者中之前保护用户的鞘和在将针从患者去除之后保护针而且在插入患者中之前不会影响针的轮廓的缩回机构。另外，也希望具有一种增强反光显示的设备以保证针正确定位在患者的手臂中。
发明内容
当前公开的针安全设备通常包括外壳、可移动地定位在所述外壳内并且沿着第一轴线可移动的针组件和连接到所述针组件并且沿着第二轴线可移动的偏压弹簧。在一个实施例中，所述针组件包括中空针和连接到拉伸弹簧的针座。所述针组件位于所述外壳的第一室内，并且所述弹簧位于所述外壳的第二室中。所述针座包括连接到所述弹簧的臂。
在另一实施例中，所述针安全设备包括限制所述针座由于所述弹簧的偏压所产生的移动的释放机构。所述释放机构包括与所述针座可接合的一对枢转臂。所述释放机构也包括围绕所述外壳定位的轴环。所述针座包括摩擦元件，该摩擦元件与所述外壳可接合以调节所述针座在所述外壳内由于所述弹簧的偏压所产生的移动速度。
在一个实施例中，所述针安全设备包括固定到所述外壳以将所述针安全设备固定到患者的附连翼片。
在另一实施例中，所述针安全设备包括外壳、可移动地安装在所述外壳内的针组件和支撑在所述外壳上或附近以用于通过所述针组件的流体流的增强显示的透镜。在优选实施例中，所述透镜安装在所述设备的抓握表面的前面。所述针组件包括针座、针和流体管，其中的任何一个或全部可以包括透明部分。在一个实施例中，所述针座的一部分在几何形状上被构造成限定所述透镜。
在又一实施例中，一种针安全设备包括外壳、可移动地安装在所述外壳内的针组件、安装在所述外壳内并且与所述针组件可接合的弹簧和定位在所述针组件上的可移动鞘。所述可移动鞘被定位成用比所述弹簧在所述针组件上提供的力大的力抓紧或摩擦地接合所述针组件以防止所述针组件的意外释放。
附图说明
在这里参考附图公开了当前公开的安全针设备的实施例，其中：
图1是具有非轴向复位弹簧和前向反光显示的目前公开的安全针设备的一个实施例的顶侧视透视图；
图2是图1中所示的安全针设备的侧视透视图；
图3是图1中所示的安全针设备的透视图，其中针处于缩回位置；
图4是图2中所示的安全针设备的侧视透视图，其中针鞘定位在针周围；
图5是安全针设备的顶视平面图；
图6是安全针设备和释放机构的横截面图；
图7是类似于图6的安全针设备和释放机构的横截面图；
图8是在截面中显示的安全针设备的侧视图；
图9是在横截面中显示的安全针设备的侧视图，其中针处于缩回位置；
图10是安全针设备的针座的透视图；
图11是释放机构的顶视透视图；
图12是释放机构的透视图；和
图13是定位在患者的手臂上的安全针设备的透视图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图详细描述当前公开的安全针设备的实施例，其中在几个图的每个中的类似附图标记指示相同或相应元件。如本领域中公知的，术语“近侧”指的是设备上更靠近用户或操作者，即外科医生或内科医生的位置或地点，而术语“远侧”指的是设备上更远离用户的位置或地点。
初始参考图1和2，公开了一种特别适合用在静脉内操作中的安全针设备10。安全针设备10被构造成防止针刺伤害用户的可能性，同时相对于患者的手臂保持针的相对低的轮廓。安全针设备10大体上包括限定上室14和下室16的外壳12。上室14被构造成容纳限定第一纵向轴线的复位弹簧，所述第一纵向轴线与设备10的针22限定的第二纵向轴线间隔开。一个或多个固定翼片18设在外壳12的底表面上以将安全针设备10固定在患者的手臂上并且提供胶带或其他固定机构的附着点。
安全针设备10也包括针组件20，该针组件可移动地安装在外壳12内并且具有中空针22、针座24和流体管26。中空针22具有组织穿刺针尖端28。中空针22的近端30固定到针座24的远端32并且与其流体连通。在一个实施例中，针座24的远端32是透明的，从而当中空针22插入患者的手臂中之后允许用户观察来自中空针22的流体，即血液的流动。中空针22和/或流体管26的一部分也可以是透明的。通过针组件22的血流典型地被称为“反光”。为了增强反光的显示，透镜34可以设在上室14的远端36上或附近，在设备10的抓握表面例如翼片18或背鳍42的前面或远侧。在一个实施例中，透镜34提供放大倍数使得用户获得血液开始流过安全针设备10时的清楚指示。在一个实施例中，针座24的一部分在几何学上被构造成限定透镜以提供反光的增强和/或放大显示。通过针设备10的血流的显示向用户指示设备10正确插入患者的手臂中。
安全针设备10带有释放机构38(图11)，该释放机构被构造成与定位在上室14内的弹簧86(图8)一起工作以控制针组件20缩回到外壳12内。释放机构38包括轴环40，该轴环被构造成围绕上室14卡扣配合。一对枢转臂44和46形成于轴环40的相对侧上并且在下室16内接合针座24(图7)以在外壳16内将针座24保持在轴向固定位置。在插入患者的手臂中期间便于导引针22的背鳍42可以一体地形成到轴环40。将在下面更详细地说明释放机构38。
参考图3，安全针设备10被显示成针组件20处于缩回位置。如图所示，当针组件20处于缩回位置时，针尖端28并不伸出下室16的远侧开口48。在安全针设备10从患者的手臂被去除之后，这提供了防止针刺伤害的必要安全程度。
参考图4，也可以以鞘50的形式提供附加安全特征以在安全针设备10的初始操作期间和在使用前保护用户免于针刺伤害。安全针设备10被设计成配备以有围绕针22的保护鞘50。鞘50足够长使得它覆盖中空针22的针尖端28。在一个实施例中，鞘50具有带肋外表面52以便于操作。鞘50也可以被构造成提供使用前防止针组件20意外缩回的附加功能。更具体而言，鞘50可以被设计成用足够的力，即大于由弹簧86施加在针座24上的力摩擦地接合中空针22，以防止针22缩回到外壳16内。因此，在去除鞘50之前启动释放机构38将不会导致针组件20的缩回。
参考图5和6，可以看到透镜34具有比针座24的直径d2显著更大的直径d1。该直径差与透镜34的放大效应相组合在固定翼片18的前面位置提供了通过安全针设备10的血流的改善显示。
现在参考图7-12，现在将描述针座24和释放机构38的细节。参考图10，针座24包括一起限定通孔58的第一部分54和第二直径减小部分56。第一部分54的尺寸被确定成和被构造成接收和保持中空针22的近端，而直径减小部分56被构造成接合管26。因此，管26与中空针22流体连通。针座24进一步包括连接臂60。连接臂60被提供以接合位于上室14中的弹簧86(图8)。通过将上室中的弹簧86定位成与针22和针座24的纵向轴线间隔开，针座24可以自由地移动通过下室16，并且与弹簧与针座24共轴的情况相比保持显著更低的轮廓。连接臂60带有帽62从而以下文所述的方式接合弹簧。
另外，凸起64(图10)形成在连接臂60的表面上。凸起64被定位成摩擦地接合定位在外壳12的上室14内的弹簧管65的内表面以控制针座24在外壳12内由于弹簧的偏压所产生的缩回速度。连接臂60的底部60a提供抵接部，该抵接部用作与释放机构38接合的锁扣点。
现在参考图7和11-12，现在将描述释放机构38。如上所述，释放机构38包括连接到轴环40的枢转臂44和46。轴环40的内表面上的凸起68作为靠着外壳12的枢轴点。枢转臂44包括近侧部分70和远侧部分72。近侧部分70被构造成由用户的手指接合，而远侧部分72包括指状件80，该指状件被构造成接收在限定在接口66和管26的远端之间的狭槽66a内。类似地，枢转臂46包括近侧部分74和远侧部分76。指状件78设在枢转臂44的远侧部分72上并且也被接收在各自的狭槽66a中。指状件78和80被构造成接合针座24的接口66以防止针座24抵抗弹簧86的偏压缩回到外壳12内。指状件78和80延伸通过外壳12中的开口82和84。
现在参考图8和9，如上所述，安全针设备10包括弹簧86以将针座24并且由此将中空针22偏压到外壳12内的近侧缩回位置。弹簧86的远端88固定到针座24的帽62。具体而言，弹簧86的远端88的最后线圈卡扣配合在针座24的帽62上。弹簧86的近端90固定到形成在外壳12中的销柱92。如图所示，通过将弹簧86定位在上室14中，针组件22具有与利用弹簧的其他已知设备相比相对于患者的皮肤的表面在外壳12内显著更低的轮廓。
参考图13，安全针设备10被显示成插入到患者的手臂中。在使用中，安全针设备10从其保护包装中被取出，并且鞘50被去除以暴露中空针22。如上所述，鞘50防止中空针22由于释放机构38的意外接合而意外缩回到外壳12内。当中空针22通过患者的皮肤插入静脉中时，由于放大透镜34的存在大大促进了通过针组件20的血流的显示。因此，操作者获得静脉被穿刺和血液流过安全针设备10的快捷和容易的视觉指示。在从患者去除安全针设备10之后，通过挤压枢转臂44和46的各自近侧部分70和74致动释放机构38，由此牵引指状件78和80脱离与针座24上的接口66接合。针座24由于弹簧86的偏压立即缩回到外壳12内。因此，安全针设备10包括弹簧动力缩回机构的安全因素，同时相对于患者的皮肤保持针的相对低的轮廓。
将会理解可以对这里公开的实施例进行各种修改。例如，当前公开的针安全设备的所有公开实施例包括定位在外壳的上室中的弹簧。备选地，弹簧可以定位在其他方位，例如偏移到一侧或另一侧，同时仍保持低轮廓。进一步地，透镜可以具有各种其他构造。例如，透镜可以为围绕外壳的圆周形，沿着外壳的一侧的细长形，等等。而且，针和/或针座的全部或部分可以是透明的以便于反光的显示。所以，以上描述不应当被理解成限制，而是仅仅理解成特定实施例的范例。本领域的技术人员将预见这里附带的权利要求的范围和精神内的其他修改。

Claims (14)

1.一种针安全设备，其包括：
外壳；
沿着第一轴线可移动地定位在所述外壳内的针组件；和
围绕与所述第一轴线间隔开的第二轴线连接到所述针组件的偏压弹簧，
其中所述针组件位于所述外壳的第一室内，并且所述弹簧位于所述外壳的第二室中。
2.如权利要求1所述的针安全设备，其中所述针组件包括中空针和连接到所述弹簧的针座。
3.如权利要求1所述的针安全设备，其中所述弹簧是拉伸弹簧。
4.如权利要求2所述的针安全设备，其中所述针座包括连接到所述弹簧的臂。
5.如权利要求2所述的针安全设备，其进一步包括限制由所述弹簧的偏压所产生的所述针座移动的释放机构。
6.如权利要求5所述的针安全设备，其中所述释放机构包括与所述针座可接合的一对枢转臂。
7.如权利要求5所述的针安全设备，其中所述释放机构包括围绕所述外壳定位的轴环。
8.如权利要求2所述的针安全设备，其中所述针座包括摩擦元件，该摩擦元件与所述设备的内表面接合，以调节所述针座在所述外壳内由于所述弹簧的偏压所产生的移动速度。
9.如权利要求1所述的针安全设备，其中所述针位于所述外壳的下室中，并且所述弹簧位于所述外壳的上室中。
10.如权利要求1所述的针安全设备，其进一步包括固定到所述外壳以便于将所述针安全设备固定到患者的至少一个附连翼片。
11.如权利要求2所述的针安全设备，其中所述针组件包括连接到所述针座的管，该管与所述针流体连通。
12.一种针安全设备，其包括：
具有第一室和第二室的外壳，第一室具有第一纵向轴线，第二室具有与第一纵向轴线偏离的第二纵向轴线；
定位在所述第二室内的针组件；
定位在所述第一室内并且连接到所述针组件的弹簧；和
安装在所述外壳上并且与所述针组件可接合的释放机构。
13.如权利要求12所述的针安全设备，其中所述释放机构包括与所述针组件可接合的一对挠性臂。
14.如权利要求12所述的针安全设备，其进一步包括安装在所述外壳上的透镜。
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WO2007035924A3 (en) 2007-08-30
JP5080477B2 (ja) 2012-11-21
WO2007035924A2 (en) 2007-03-29
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IL190291A0 (en) 2009-09-22
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US20070088272A1 (en) 2007-04-19
US7824378B2 (en) 2010-11-02
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US9005167B2 (en) 2015-04-14
ZA200802776B (en) 2009-01-28
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JP2009509587A (ja) 2009-03-12
NZ566756A (en) 2011-02-25

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