CN101331796A - 发光二级管照明设备 - Google Patents

发光二级管照明设备 Download PDF

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CN101331796A
CN101331796A CNA2006800468725A CN200680046872A CN101331796A CN 101331796 A CN101331796 A CN 101331796A CN A2006800468725 A CNA2006800468725 A CN A2006800468725A CN 200680046872 A CN200680046872 A CN 200680046872A CN 101331796 A CN101331796 A CN 101331796A
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switch
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CN101331796B (zh
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J·A·M·范埃普
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Signify Holding BV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20Controlling the colour of the light
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

Abstract

本发明涉及多个发光二极管驱动器电路,其中每个发光二极管(15、17)由一个旁路开关(19、21)控制。发光二极管由开关式电源(8)供电并且连接到一个恒流源,以便通过发光二极管抽取预定的电流。对于开关式电源进行安排,以便根据导通的发光二极管的数目输出不同的电压。这通过向开关式电源提供旁路开关的控制信号(sw1、sw2)来完成。以此方式,可以保持恒流源的功耗在低水平。

Description

发光二极管照明设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发光二极管(LED)照明设备,它至少包括由一个开关式电源供电的第一发光二极管和第二发光二极管。
背景技术
例如在EP0716485A1中公开了这样一种设备。
在这样一种设备中,对于开关式电源(SMPS)进行控制,以便向一个或多个发光二极管提供恒定电流。然后,通过改变与发光二极管(一个或多个)并联连接的一个旁路开关的占空比,由脉冲宽度调制来控制发光二极管的光输出。
开关式电源在能效方面优于线性电源。然而,所提供的电流精度对于所有的应用来说可能还不够高,因为负载是不断变化的,而这种变化在所用的电流反馈系统中引起瞬变。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供在本说明书开始段提到的那种类型的照明设备,其中的电流精度得到改善,同时还能维持合理的低功耗。
这个目的是通过根据权利要求1所述的照明设备实现的。
更加具体地说,在上述的设备中,通过第一发光二极管的电流由第一旁路开关控制,第一旁路开关与第一发光二极管并联连接;通过第二发光二极管的电流由第二旁路开关控制,第二旁路开关与第二发光二极管并联连接;第一和第二发光二极管串联连接在开关式电源和第一恒流源之间;并且对于开关式电源进行安排,以便根据第一和第二旁路开关的状态提供一系列不同的输出电压,从而可以使电压取决于发光的发光二极管数目。
由于恒流源的缘故,从电源中抽吸的电流是完全确定的。但是由于输出电压是按照发光二极管的状态变化的,所以可以保持恒流源的消耗是低水平的。不需要实际电流的反馈,这样就可以避免出现不稳定性和瞬变的问题。
在一个优选的实施例中,将第一和第二发光二极管安排成可通过脉冲宽度调制进行控制,从而可以使第一和第二发光二极管在脉冲宽度调制周期开始时同时导通,并且在脉冲宽度调制周期的由它们对应的占空比确定的时刻截止。然后,可以安排开关式电源的电压,使其在脉冲宽度调制周期开始之前朝向最大电压提升。这样就可保证在这个周期开始的时候提供足够的电压。
这个设备可以包括用于当所有的发光二极管截止的时候用于驱动输出电压到0或接近0的装置。
第一和第二发光二极管可以发出不同颜色的光。
第一和第二发光二极管可以发出具有绿色和蓝色的光,并且可以经过第三发光二极管连接到第一恒流源,第三发光二极管由第三旁路开关控制。第一和第二发光二极管进一步还可以经过第四发光二极管连接到第二恒流源,第四发光二极管由第四旁路开关控制,第三和第四发光二极管发出红色的或琥珀色的光。这就允许用单个开关式电源实现一个完整的、可控的、具有红绿蓝琥珀色(RGBA)的光源。
本发明的这些和其它方面根据以下所述的实施例的描述显而易见,并参照所述实施例进行阐述。
附图说明
图1示意地表示由现有技术的恒流源驱动的发光二极管的旁路控制;
图2示意地表示对于红蓝绿发光二极管设备的可利用的色域;
图3a示意地表示按照本发明的实施例的发光二极管照明设备;
图3b较详细地表示在图3a中使用的恒流源的一个例子;
图4表示本发明的一个实施例,其中实现的是一个红绿蓝琥珀色照明设备;
图5表示图4设备的时间图。
具体实施方式
图1示意地表示由现有技术的恒流源驱动的发光二极管的旁路控制。将一个恒流源(CCS)安排成向发光二极管3提供恒定电流Iconst。例如,如果发光二极管是一个发蓝色光的发光二极管,则这个恒定电流通常是Iconst=700毫安。旁路开关5通常是MOS场效应晶体管(MOSFET),与发光二极管3并联连接。使用脉冲宽度调制电路7由脉冲宽度调制控制旁路开关,使旁路开关或者完全导通或者完全阻断。当旁路开关5完全导通时,旁路开关5旁路了发光二极管3,使该发光二极管停止发光。因此,通过改变旁路开关5的占空比,就可能控制来自发光二极管的光通量(light flow)。这是在足够高的开关频率(如150赫兹或更高)下进行的,因此能够防止任何可见的闪烁。
可能有两个发光二极管,每个发光二极管具有一个旁路开关,两个发光二极管共享一个共用的电流源。两个发光二极管/旁路开关的组合相互串联连接。要求是发光二极管使有相同的驱动电流(例如发出红色和琥珀色的发光二极管(350毫安)或发出蓝色和绿色的发光二极管(700毫安))。
图2用色度图示意地表示对于红绿蓝发光二极管设置的可利用的色域,其中的发光二极管是由旁路开关控制的。通过组合地使用发出红、绿、蓝色的发光二极管,可以得到一个颜色三角形9,三角形9覆盖整个色域11的大部分。为了发出期望色彩13的光,要给每个发光二极管的脉冲宽度调制电路一个预先确定的占空比,以便从每个发光二极管发出合适量的光,以产生期望的颜色。
图3a示意地表示按照本发明的实施例的发光二极管照明设备。应当说明的是,使用开关式电源被认为是有益处的,因为与线性电源相比,开关式电源通常具有好得多的能效。
能通过设置与所提供的发光二极管串联的分流电阻器将开关式电源用作恒流源,并且能根据分流电阻器两端的电压调节开关式电源,从而可以提供合适的电流。例如在EP0716485A1中描述过这种处理方法。但是,在实践中,这可能是十分复杂的,因为电流精度的要求很高。
因此,在本发明的一个实施例中,使用不同的方案来控制开关式电源。图3a所示的实施例具有第一发光二极管15和第二发光二极管17,它们串联连接并且要求相同的恒定电流(例如一个发出红色的发光二极管和一个发出琥珀色的发光二极管)。第一发光二极管15由第一旁路开关19控制,第一旁路开关19接收第一控制信号sw1。第二发光二极管17由第二旁路开关21控制,第二旁路开关21接收第二控制信号sw2。旁路开关与对应的发光二极管并联连接,从而可以对于流过这里的电流进行脉冲宽度调制控制,如先前所描述过的。发光二极管15、17由具有输出电压Vout的开关式电源8供电。开关式电源也是脉冲宽度调制控制的,而且在高得多的频率,例如几百个千赫兹。然而,不是通过测量流过发光二极管的电流来控制输出电压Vout的。相反,发光二极管串联连接在开关式电源8和恒流源(CCS)25之间。
只要Vout足够高,电流源25就可保证通过发光二极管15、17或者通过旁路开关19、21(如果导通的话)抽吸恒定的和预先确定的电流。
图3b比较详细地表示在图3a中使用的恒流源25的一个例子。这个恒流源的本身是已知的,包括第一双极性晶体管T1和第二双极性晶体管T2,基极连接到基极。第一晶体管T1是二极管耦合的(集电极-基极),它的集电极经过第一电阻器R1连接到参考电压Vref。T1的发射极经第二电阻器R2连接到地。T2的发射极经第三电阻器R3连接到地。这个电路将在T2的集电极抽吸恒定电流Iconst。这个恒定电流由R1、R2、R3、Vref、和T1与T2的基极-发射极电压确定,它们全都是不变的。
从图3a显然可以看出,一旦激励(activate)旁路开关19、21,图3b中R3两端的电压降将要增加。于是,如果Vout保持不变,恒流源中的功率消耗将非常高。当然,还存在除了图3b中所示以外的多个恒流源拓扑,但这个问题依然存在。
因此,在本发明的这个实施例中的开关式电源8适合于根据旁路开关19、21的状态提供一系列不同的电压。这就意味着,输出电压Vout按照被激励的发光二极管的数目变化。在一般情况下,开关式电源8接收旁路开关19、21的控制信号sw1、sw2作为输入信号。因此,如果旁路开关19、21都没有被激励,并且两个发光二极管15、17都发光,则Vout具有第一高电压。如果激励旁路开关19、21之一,则迫使输出电压下降到第二较低的电压值。如果两个旁路开关都得到激励,则Vout可变为0伏,或接近0伏,构成第三电压值。于是,可以保持恒流源25中的功耗在一个低值。开关式电源8优选地可以是任何类型的降压式变换器或补偿型(buck)变换器。
图4表示本发明的一个实施例,其中实现发出红、绿、蓝、琥珀色的照明设备。在这个实施例中,使用4个发光二极管(红色29、绿色31、蓝色33、琥珀色35),每个发光二极管分别有一个旁路开关37、39、41、43。每个旁路开关37、39、41、43都接收一个脉冲宽度调制控制信号R、Gr、Bl、A,用于控制对应的发光二极管的光通量。
发出红色的发光二极管29连接到第一恒流源45,第一恒流源45包括与晶体管T3串联连接的电阻器R4。发出琥珀色的发光二极管35连接到第二恒流源47,第二恒流源47包括与晶体管T4串联连接的电阻器R5。晶体管T3和T4的基极可以连接到共用的电压基准Vref。第一和第二恒流源45、47优选地是相同的,以使它们可以抽取相同的电流,对于红色和琥珀色的发光二极管,这个电流可以是350毫安。
具有其旁路开关37和串联连接的恒流源45的发出红色的发光二极管29与具有其旁路开关43和串联连接的恒流源47的发出琥珀色的发光二极管35并联连接。因此,这些电路可以抽吸的总电流是700毫安,这个电流对于发出绿色和蓝色光的发光二极管31、33是一个合适的驱动电流。于是,发出绿色和蓝色光的发光二极管31、33就可以与它们的旁路开关39、41一起与发出红色和琥珀色光的发光二极管29、35的并联结构串联连接。因此,有可能从一个共用的开关式电源49为所有的发光二极管供电。在这个实施例中,应该同步地控制发出红色和琥珀色光的发光二极管。然而,这个要求与大部分颜色控制方案兼容。
为使恒流源45、47中的功耗最小,开关式电源49应该能够根据导通的发光二极管数目(0,1,2,3;发出红色和琥珀色的发光二极管应该算做一个发光二极管,因为它们是同步切换的)输出4个不同的输出电压。因此开关式电源49的反馈网络51适合于接收旁路开关37、39、42、43的脉冲宽度调制控制信号Gr、Bl、A/R。反馈网络51接收输出电压Vout,输出电压Vout是经过输出电容器C1滤波的。在开关式电源的输出和地之间连接包括两个电阻器R6和R7的分压器,该分压器产生经过分压的反馈电压Vf。除R6以外,3个电阻器R8、R9、R10都连接在开关式电源输出和R7之间。经过开关53连接R8,开关53是由发出绿色光的发光二极管31的旁路开关39的脉冲宽度调制控制信号Gr控制的。因此,如果绿色发光二极管31截止,则开关53导通。类似地,经过开关55连接R9,开关55由蓝色发光二极管33的旁路开关41的脉冲宽度调制控制信号Bl控制的。经过开关57连接R10,开关57由发出红色和琥珀色光的发光二极管29、35的旁路开关37、43的脉冲宽度调制控制信号A/R控制的。于是,分压器网络的分压功能是根据导通的发光二极管的数目变化的。例如,如果所有的发光二极管都导通,则:
V f = V OUT * R 7 R 7 + R 6
如果发出蓝色光的发光二极管33截止,则Vf增加到:
V f = V out * R 7 R 7 + R 6 * R 9 R 6 + R 9
在开关式电源49中,将Vf与一个内部基准进行比较,并且增加或减小输出电压以便符合这种比较结果。于是,如果当蓝色发光二极管如以上所述截止时Vf是增加的,则输出电压Vout减小。这样就可以保持恒流源两端45,47的电压在一个低电平,于是可以防止其中功耗的增加。这不仅仅意味着节约了能量。与开关式电源的输出电压不是按这种方式调节的情况相比,恒流源45、47还可以有一个较低的热量消耗性能。
当然,这个电路还可以适合于其它的发光二极管组合,例如RRGB(两个发红色光的发光二极管、一个发绿色光和一个发蓝色光的发光二极管)、RGB、CMA(发青色、红紫色、和黄色光的发光二极管)。
图5表示图4设备的时间图。图5在上部表示在脉冲宽度调制周期期间的Vout,这个周期的长度例如可以是2毫秒。图5的下部表示发光二极管脉冲宽度调制控制信号Gr、Bl、R、A(如以上所述,R和A是同步切换的)的反向信号。当这些信号在电平1,于是对应的发光二极管发光。在所示的例子中,应该省去预定颜色的光。为了获得这种颜色,在每个脉冲宽度调制周期中,发出绿色光的发光二极管在第一时间周期63期间发光,发出蓝色光的发光二极管在第二较长的时间周期65期间发光,发出红色和琥珀色光的发光二极管在第三甚至更长的时间周期67期间发光。对于所有的发光二极管,光的发射同时开始,但在不同的时间点结束。输出电压Vout在第一初始最大电压Vmax启动脉冲宽度调制周期61。当发出绿色光的发光二极管在第一时间周期63结束时截止的时候,电压下降到第二个较低的电压。类似地,当蓝色发光二极管截止的时候,这个电压进一步下降到第三电平。最后,当发出红色和琥珀色光的发光二极管截止的时候,电压下降到第四最低的电压。在随后的脉冲宽度调制周期开始时,所有的发光二极管都导通,开关式电源的输出电压再一次地恢复到Vmax,即当所有的发光二极管都导通时使用的电压。
参照图4和5,可以按照两种方式修改图4所示的电路以改善它的功能。
首先,可以提供一个任选装置,以便保证当所有的发光二极管都截止时输出电压是零或接近零。这例如可以是带有逻辑与门的电路69,它的输出当Gr、Bl、A/R全都为高电平时为高电平。然后,可以使用这个门驱动开关71短路R6,于是将输出电压驱动到一个很低的值。这节省了某些能量消耗。
其次,可以提供装置以保证在每个脉冲宽度调制周期开始之前输出电压已经升高,从而可以使发光二极管导通时Vout已经达到Vmax。这可以通过增加一个任选开关73来实现,将任选开关73安排成在脉冲宽度调制周期开始前的一个短时间周期期间断开电阻器R8、R9、R10。这将保证恒流源从启动开始就能抽吸合适的电流,从而排除潜在的颜色误差。如果不使用任选开关73,R8、R9、R10就要替换地直接连接到分压器R6和R7。
总之,本发明涉及多个发光二极管驱动器电路,其中的每个发光二极管都是由一个旁路开关控制的。发光二极管由开关式电源供电,并且连接到一个恒流源,从而可以通过发光二极管抽取预定的电流。将开关式电源安排成可以根据导通的发光二极管数目来输出不同的电压。这通过向开关式电源提供旁路开关的控制信号来完成。以此方式,可以将恒流源的功耗保持在一个低的水平。
本发明不限于以上所述的实施例。在所附的权利要求书的范围内,可以按照不同的方式修改这些实施例。

Claims (6)

1、一种发光二极管照明设备,至少包括由一个开关式电源(8、49)供电的第一和第二发光二极管(15、17;33、31),其中,通过第一发光二极管(15、33)的电流由第一旁路开关(19、41)控制,第一旁路开关与第一发光二极管并联连接;通过第二发光二极管(17、31)的电流由第二旁路开关(21、39)控制,第二旁路开关与第二发光二极管并联连接;第一和第二发光二极管串联连接在开关式电源和第一恒流源(25、47)之间;并且其中,对于开关式电源进行安排,以便根据第一和第二旁路开关的状态提供一系列不同的输出电压(Vout),从而可以使电压取决于发光的发光二极管数目。
2、根据权利要求1所述的发光二极管照明设备,其中:将第一和第二发光二极管安排成通过脉冲宽度调制进行控制,从而可以使第一和第二发光二极管在脉冲宽度调制周期开始时同时导通和在脉冲宽度调制周期的由它们的对应的占空比确定的时刻截止。
3、根据权利要求2所述的发光二极管照明设备,其中:安排开关式电源,使其在脉冲宽度调制周期开始之前升向最大电压。
4、根据前述权利要求中任何一个所述的发光二极管照明设备,所说设备包括当所有的发光二极管截止的时候用于驱动输出电压到0或接近0的装置。
5、根据前述权利要求中任何一个所述的发光二极管照明设备,其中:第一和第二发光二极管发出不同颜色的光。
6、根据权利要求5所述的发光二极管照明设备,其中:第一和第二发光二极管(33、31)分别发出具有绿色和蓝色的光,并且经过第三发光二极管(35)连接到第一恒流源(47),第三发光二极管由第三旁路开关(43)控制,其中:第一和第二发光二极管经过第四发光二极管(29)连接到第二恒流源(45),第四发光二极管由第四旁路开关(37)控制,并且其中,第三和第四发光二极管发出红色的或琥珀色的光。
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US20140125237A1 (en) 2014-05-08
US20080303452A1 (en) 2008-12-11
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KR101315078B1 (ko) 2013-10-08
JP5757981B2 (ja) 2015-08-05
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US8773042B2 (en) 2014-07-08
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US20110304274A1 (en) 2011-12-15
ES2509347T3 (es) 2014-10-17
JP2013229350A (ja) 2013-11-07
US8004211B2 (en) 2011-08-23
TWI433588B (zh) 2014-04-01
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US8823274B2 (en) 2014-09-02
EP1964449B1 (en) 2014-07-23

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