CN101336504A - 用于对来自多个发电单元和包括带有可变转速的多个风车的风力发电厂的交流电流进行平滑的方法 - Google Patents

用于对来自多个发电单元和包括带有可变转速的多个风车的风力发电厂的交流电流进行平滑的方法 Download PDF

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CN101336504A
CN101336504A CNA2006800522575A CN200680052257A CN101336504A CN 101336504 A CN101336504 A CN 101336504A CN A2006800522575 A CNA2006800522575 A CN A2006800522575A CN 200680052257 A CN200680052257 A CN 200680052257A CN 101336504 A CN101336504 A CN 101336504A
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亨里克·斯蒂斯达尔
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0043—Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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Abstract

用于对来自多个发电单元和包括带有可变转速的多个风车的风力发电厂的交流电流进行平滑的方法。本发明涉及用于对来自例如具有不同转速的风车之类的多个发电机的交流电流进行平滑的方法，其中将发电机电连接到电网，而且其中每个发电机包括带有脉宽调制的变压器，该脉冲调制用于将直流转换为脉宽调制交流电流以馈送到电网。用于馈送脉宽调制交流电流的脉冲的时间对于每个发电机不同，以作为来自发电机的交流电流的相应输出的和实现更加均衡的交流电流。

Description

用于对来自多个发电单元和包括带有可变转速的多个风车的风力发电厂的交流电流进行平滑的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于对来自带有脉宽调制频率转换器(例如，带有可变转速的风车)的多个发电机的交流电流进行平滑的方法。本方面还涉及用于风车和发电波发电厂的方法的使用。此外，本发明涉及带有多个风车的风力发电厂。
背景技术
带有以可变速度操作的风车的风力发电厂仅仅被间接连接到电网，这意味着发电机具有其自己的AC网络，其中频率可以改变。为了将电力传送到电网，将来自发电机的AC电流转换为DC，然后再到AC，其中将后一个AC适配到电网的频率。
当将DC转换到AC的时候，通常采用脉宽调制(PWM)频率转换器，然而，这导致具有突然步长的不均衡电流或者电压和安培数的不连续性。为了平滑这样的电流以馈送到网络中，使用带有线圈和电容器的AC滤波器，即所谓RCL滤波器。尽管滤波器的平滑动作，在网络中还常常存在AC的变形，劣化了电流质量。而且，由滤波器提供的这种平滑暗示着在某种程度上消耗来自网络的功率。网络接收的电流波动得越不稳定，这种情况就越明显。在平滑过程中对来自网络的功率消耗导致减少从发电机向网络的功率净传输。对于风车拥有者来说，这导致利润降低，是巨大的缺点。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是提供不具有上述缺点的方法。
通过用于对来自多个发电单元(例如带有可变转速的风车)的交流电流进行平滑的实现该目的，其中将发电单元电连接到电网，而且其中每个发电单元包括带有脉宽调制的变压器，用于将直流转换为脉宽调制交流电流以馈送到网络，而且其中用于馈送脉宽调制的交流电流的脉冲的时间与相应发电单元不同，以作为来自发电单元的交流电流的相应输出的和实现更加均衡的交流电流。
根据本发明的方法可以在风车场中找到应用，其中将独立风车的电流脉冲时间延迟地馈送到网络中，其中通常使得脉冲宽度独立于馈送的时间。这提供了电流的平滑，使得其具有更好的质量以馈送到电网中，而且因此滤波器从网络吸收较少的功率。此外，可以将用于平滑的RCL滤波器在尺寸上减小许多，以进一步为风车拥有者节省，这是因为滤波器是转换器中的昂贵组件。
为了校准馈送脉冲的时间，可以从GPS时间信号中有利地确定馈送的时间。在时间上非常准确地控制GPS信号，使得它们适合作为校准信号。然而，其他类似的校准信号也可以。
不同发电单元的馈送频率不一定相同。替代地，可以从逐个发电单元不同的馈送频率中确定相应发电单元的脉冲的馈送的时间。这种频率可以被固定，但是在用于防止强谐振的应用中还可以考虑不同的频率。此外或者替代地，可以使用随机发生器以抑制谐振。
因此本发明还提供带有具有可变转速的多个风车的风力发电厂，其中将风车连接到电网，而且其中每个风车包括用于产生电流的发电机，和用于将直流脉宽调制转换为脉宽调制交流电流以馈送到网络的转换器，其中对于每个风车，提供时间控制装置以确定用于馈送脉宽调制交流电流的脉冲的时间，其中将时间控制装置进行编程以在不同的时间从不同风车馈送脉冲，以实现更加均衡的交流电流。
用于校准的时间控制装置可以具有用于从GPS发送机接收时间信号的GPS接收机。
即使已经关于风车解释了该方法，但是该方法还可以在其他发电厂中发现应用，例如，结合在海中利用波浪功率。
附图说明
参照附图在下面更加详细的解释本方面，其中
图1示出了正弦曲线的脉宽调制近似；
图2示出了用于馈送脉冲的时间的三个序列；和
图3示出了带有用于馈送脉冲的不同频率的三个时间序列。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的正弦信号3，而其通过脉宽调制脉冲1、2被近似。以不同宽度将脉冲1、2形成为在时间A、A’、A”的连续等距点，其中通过预定频率来确定时间，其通常示50Hz的倍数，例如2500Hz。脉冲1、2的宽度表示脉冲的强度。通过改变脉冲1、2的强度，正弦电流信号3被近似。
在图2上，描绘了用于图1中示出的电流脉冲的时间轴(timeline)t和三个时间A、A’、A”。假设从源自第一风车的发电机的脉宽调制电流脉冲的第一序列中得出电流脉冲A、A’、A”。相应地，将来自第二风车的脉宽调制电流脉冲B、B’、B”的第二序列和来自第三风车的C、C’、C”馈入。用于A、B和C序列的馈送的时间不同，导致要被平滑的电流的不规则性，这是因为如图1所示，通过来自其他发电机的电流脉冲来填充缝隙4。
脉冲A、B、C的每个序列代表电流信号，比较在图1中示出的。为了这些不同电流信号被同相馈送，将脉冲A、B、C的宽度适应为在时间的给定点处的期望的电流信号。因此，电流脉冲A、B和C具有不同宽度。
在图3上，示出的替代实施方式。在这种情况中，脉冲A、B和C的序列中的时间在每个序列中都等距，但是当比较这些序列时，序列A、B和C的频率不同。B序列在脉冲B、B’和B”之间具有的时间间隔小于A序列在脉冲A、A’和A”之间具有的时间间隔，而且因此，具有比A序列更高的馈送频率。然而，C序列在脉冲C、C’和C”之间具有比A更大的时间间隔，而且因此，具有更低的馈送频率。
即使在上面陈述了电流脉冲在时间上等距，但是对于本发明这不是必须的。因此还可以在时间的不同点上馈送电流脉冲。而且，可以使用随机发生器来确定馈送时间以抑制谐振形成。如果时间不等距，则可能发生在相同序列中的两个连续电流脉冲正具有相同宽度的情况。从原理上来说，还可以用带有恒定宽度的电流脉冲来操作，但是其中时间间隔的长度改变。重要的仅仅是以最后带有优化质量的期望形式来提供由电流脉冲产生的电流信号。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于对来自例如带有可变转速的风车之类的多个发电单元的交流电流进行平滑的方法，其中将发电单元电连接到电网，而且其中每个发电单元包括带有脉宽调制的变压器，该脉宽调制用于将直流转换为脉宽调制交流电流以馈送到该电网，其特征在于：用于馈送脉宽调制交流电流的脉冲的时间对于相应发电单元不同，以作为来自发电单元的交流电流的相应输出的和来实现更加均衡的交流电流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述脉宽依赖于馈送时间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中从GPS时间信号中确定所述馈送时间。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，通过对于发电单元相互不同的相应馈送频率来确定用于相应发电单元的馈送时间。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，通过相应馈送频率来确定用于相应发电单元的馈送时间，其中对于每个发电单元的馈送频率是变化的。
6.根据前面权利要求任何一项所述的方法，其中，用于相应发电单元的馈送时间涉及来自随机发生器的信号。
7.一种风力发电厂，其包括带有可变转速的多个风车，其中将风车连接到电网，而且其中每个风车包括用于产生电流的发电机、和用于将直流脉宽调制转换为脉宽调制交流电流以馈送到电网的转换器，其中对于每个风车，提供时间控制装置以确定用于馈送脉宽调制交流电流的脉冲的时间，其中，将时间控制装置进行编程以馈送来自不同风车的脉冲，从而实现更加均衡的交流电流。
8.根据权利要求7所述的风力发电系统，其中对于校准，所述时间控制装置包括用于从GPS发送机接收时间信号的GPS接收机。
9.根据权利要求7或者8所述的风力发电系统，其中，将所述时间控制装置进行编程以在对于发电单元相互不同的馈送频率上馈送脉冲。
10.对于风力发电厂使用根据权利要求1-6所述的方法。
11.对于水波浪发电厂使用根据权利要求1-6所述的方法。
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PCT/EP2006/069554 WO2007087929A1 (en) 2006-02-03 2006-12-11 Method for smoothing alternating electric current from a number of power generating units and wind power plant including a number of wind mills with variable rotational speed

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US8330431B2 (en) 2012-12-11
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CN101336504B (zh) 2013-02-13
EP1816721A1 (en) 2007-08-08
EP1816721B1 (en) 2008-12-03
DK1816721T3 (da) 2009-03-30
US20090267419A1 (en) 2009-10-29
ES2314761T3 (es) 2009-03-16
US20110234008A1 (en) 2011-09-29

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