CN101419779A - 电润湿显示设备 - Google Patents

电润湿显示设备 Download PDF

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CN101419779A
CN101419779A CNA2008102152412A CN200810215241A CN101419779A CN 101419779 A CN101419779 A CN 101419779A CN A2008102152412 A CNA2008102152412 A CN A2008102152412A CN 200810215241 A CN200810215241 A CN 200810215241A CN 101419779 A CN101419779 A CN 101419779A
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display device
pictorial element
electrode
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CN101419779B (zh
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G·周
L·M·哈格
R·H·M·科蒂
M·T·约翰逊
B·J·菲恩斯特拉
R·A·海斯
A·R·弗兰克林
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Amazon Transport Netherlands BV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/38—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
    • G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/348—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on the deformation of a fluid drop, e.g. electrowetting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0243—Details of the generation of driving signals
    • G09G2310/0254—Control of polarity reversal in general, other than for liquid crystal displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2011—Display of intermediate tones by amplitude modulation

Abstract

给出了一种具有至少一个带有光开关的图像元素的显示设备，该光开关包括在第一透明支承板上的空间内的彼此不能混合的至少一种第一液体和第二液体，该第二液体是导电的或有极性的，该显示设备具有用于把电压施加于电极的驱动装置，该电压与在第一极限状态和第二极限状态之间并包括这两个极限状态的该图像元素的一系列电光状态相关，所述驱动装置在图像元素的选择之前提供把该图像元素带入第一极限状态和第二极限状态之一的电压给所述图像元素。

Description

电润湿显示设备
本申请是发明名称为“电润湿显示设备”，申请号为200480029376X的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括图像元素(像素)的显示设备，所述图像元素具有在第一透明支承板上的彼此不能混合的至少一种第一液体和第二液体，该第二液体是导电的或有极性的。
背景技术
通常液体被包含在第一透明支承板和第二支承板之间的空间内，但这不是绝对必须的。
如果该液体是(有色的)油而第二液体是水，则(由于界面张力)提供了一种包括水层和油层的双层系统。然而，如果在水和第一支承板上的电极之间施加电压，那么油层由于静电力而移到旁边或者破裂。由于部分水现在渗入油层，所以图像元素变得部分透明。
在PCT申请WO 03/00196(PH-NL 02.0129)中描述了基于这一原理的显示设备。
中间光学状态或灰度即在第一极限状态和第二极限状态(例如全黑和全白)之间的光学状态，其可以通过利用在引入所述极限状态的电压电平(例如零和最大电压电平)之间的中间DC电压电平来获得。然而，实际上所得的灰度稳定性或再现性在实验上发现非常差，并且对于大多数应用而言是无法接受的。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种具有驱动装置的显示器，其给出可接受的灰度稳定性。
为此，根据本发明的显示设备具有用于把电压施加于电极的驱动装置，该电压与在第一极限状态和第二极限状态之间并包括这两个极限状态的该图像元素的一系列(range)电光状态相关，所述驱动装置在图像元素的选择期间把可变电压提供给所述图像元素。该可变电压可以是具有基本上等于与要被设置的图像元素的电光状态相关的电压的平均值的交流电压。该可变电压可以包括DC部分和AC部分，该交流电压的最大和最小电压具有基本上等于与要被设置的图像元素的电光状态相关的电压的均方根平均值。
在进一步的实施例中，所述驱动装置在与电光状态相关的所述电压之前把前置(preceding)电压提供给图像元素。所述前置电压例如包括一组交流电压，该组交流电压具有基本上等于零的平均值或者基本上等于与要被设置的该图像元素的电光状态相关的电压的平均值。
本发明基于这样的认识，即这些前置电压的应用改善了油膜的开关性能的均匀性，从而避免油膜的局部扩散，并降低油膜破裂的概率。
在另一实施例中，该显示设备具有把电压施加于电极的驱动装置，该电压与在第一极限状态和第二极限状态之间并包括这两个极限状态的该图像元素的一系列电光状态相关，所述驱动装置在图像元素的选择之前提供把该图像元素带入极限状态之一的电压给所述像素。
附图说明
现在将参考一些非限制性的实施例和附图来阐明本发明的这些和其它方面，其中：
图1用图解法示出其中使用了本发明的显示设备的一部分的截面，
图2示意性地示出显示设备的等效电路，
图3示意性地示出一种驱动根据本发明的设备中的图像元素的方法，
图4示意性地示出另一种驱动根据本发明的设备中的图像元素的方法，
图5示意性地示出一种驱动根据本发明的另一设备中的图像元素的方法，
图6示意性地示出另一种驱动根据本发明的设备中的图像元素的方法，
图7示意性地示出另一种驱动根据本发明的设备中的图像元素的方法，
图8示意性地示出图7的修改，同时
图9示意性地示出另一种使用复位方法来驱动根据本发明的设备中的图像元素的方法。
这些附图是示意性的，并且没有按照比例绘出。对应的元件通常用相同的参考数字来表示。
具体实施方式
图1示出显示设备1的一部分的截面图，其示出了根据本发明的显示设备所基于的原理。在两个透明基板或支承板3、4之间设置有彼此不能混合的第一液体5和第二液体6。第一液体5是例如类似十六烷的链烷或如在本例中的(硅酮)油。第二液体6是导电的或有极性的，例如水或盐溶液(例如用水和乙醇混合的KCl溶液)。
在第一状态中，当不施加外部电压时(图1a)，液体5、6与由例如玻璃或塑料构成的第一和第二透明支承板3、4相邻。在第一支承板3上设置有例如氧化铟(锡)的透明电极7以及中间不可湿(疏水)层8，在本例中是无定形含氟聚合物(AF1600)。
当(电压源9)通过互连20、21施加电压时，层5移到旁边或者破裂为小滴(图1b)。当静电能量增益大于由于曲面的产生而导致的表面能量损失时出现这种情况。作为一个非常重要的方面，已经发现，通过电开关装置(电压源9)可获得在覆盖支承板3的连续膜5和与壁2相邻的膜之间的可逆开关。
图2是本发明可应用的显示设备1的一部分的电等效电路图。它在一个可能的实施例(一种被称为“无源模式”的驱动模式)中包括处于行或选择电极17与列或数据电极16相交的区域处的图像元素18的矩阵。通过行驱动器14来连续选择行电极，同时通过数据寄存器15向列电极提供数据。为此，必要时首先在处理器13中处理输入数据22。
行驱动器14和数据寄存器15之间的相互同步通过驱动线19来进行。选择电极17和数据电极16例如通过分开的电极如直接借助于图1所示的电极20、21被连接至液体5、6，或者通过例如非线性电阻或诸如MIM或二极管之类的非线性开关元件的阈值元件被连接至液体5、6。图像元素18的行可以由一个或多个选择电极17来驱动；类似地，图像元素18的列可以由一个或多个数据电极16来驱动。
在另一个可能的实施例(另一种被称为“有源模式”的驱动模式)中，来自于行驱动器14的信号通过薄膜晶体管(TFT)30选择图像电极，该薄膜晶体管30的栅电极被电连接至行电极17，并且源电极被电连接至列电极。在列电极16处存在的信号通过TFT被传送到耦合至漏电极的图像元素18的图像电极。其它的图像电极被电连接至例如一个(或多个)公共对电极。在图2中仅作为例子只画出了一个薄膜晶体管(TFT)30。其它“有源模式”的结构是可替换的。一个或多个选择电极17再次可以驱动TFT30的行，同时一个或多个数据电极16也可以驱动。
图3示出用于该显示器的第一脉冲图形方案，其中(在一个选择周期tsel内)在固定电压32之前具有四个预脉冲(交流电压)31。固定电压32的值(V1、V2、V3)决定灰度值。预脉冲的脉宽不受限制，但优选为短于把显示器从全黑驱动至全白状态所需的最小时间周期的数量级。优选的是使用例如可在驱动器IC处获得的最大电压电平Vmax来作为这些预脉冲31的幅度。用于灰度变换的这些ac预脉冲的数目可以任意选择，但偶数是优选的，并且在灰度变换中这些ac脉冲的总时间周期优选小于选择周期tsel的50％。看来在每次变换前使用先于灰度驱动脉冲的短ac脉冲序列之后，灰度的准确度和稳定性得到改善。在这个实例中，使用了四个短脉冲，即两个负脉冲和两个正脉冲，平均DC电压等于零。
图4中示意性地示出另一种脉冲图形，其中对于每次变换，在灰度驱动电压脉冲32之前设置有短预脉冲序列31。在这个实例中，使用了四个短脉冲，即两个负脉冲和两个正脉冲，平均DC电压等于灰度电压(V1、V2、V4)。看来预脉冲对于在电润湿(electrowetting)显示器中改善灰度再现性极其有效。然而预脉冲产生了特别是当使用较长的预脉冲时可能变得可见的光学响应。为了降低由这些预脉冲引起的该光学干扰，优选地把具有不同极性的预脉冲应用于屏幕的不同部分。
在下一帧中，正负极性被反转。因为眼睛平均了在随后帧上的这些短期亮度变化，所以显示器的感觉外观将几乎不受到影响，。
图5中示意性地示出另一种可能的脉冲图形，其中预脉冲31在预脉冲序列的开始具有一定的幅度，并且在预脉冲序列的结尾具有较小的幅度(预脉冲31’)。负电压和正电压之间的电压摆动降低，从而产生低的功率消耗(特别是以较大数量的预脉冲)。
图6中示出第四实施例，其中ac脉冲具有降低的脉冲时间周期以及恒定的幅度。该实施例的优点在于缩短了总的图像更新时间。在一个组合的(未示出)实施例中，预脉冲既具有可变的幅度又具有可变的脉冲时间周期。这对于产生最小图像更新时间、功率消耗、较低的光学闪烁和最佳性能的最佳组合给出了额外的灵活性。
还发现，通过将灰度驱动电压脉冲32改变为具有交流幅度的短电压脉冲序列33(图7)，平均电压等于或接近于把显示器驱动至理想的灰度所需的DC电压电平(V1、V2)，则可获得改善的灰度再现性和相对较短的图像更新时间。尽管没有示出，但是类似于图3-6的实施例中的那些预脉冲可以先于短电压脉冲33。
图8a示出了一种修改，其中具有大约等于把显示器驱动至如图8b所示的理想灰度所需的DC电压电平(V1)的RMS(均方根)平均电压√[(Vmax 2+Vmin 2)/2]的这种短电压脉冲序列33，其中短电压脉冲序列具有不对称的时间周期以及再次约等于把显示器驱动至理想的灰度所需的DC电压电平的RMS平均电压。
图9示出一种驱动显示器的方法，该方法通过在为灰度变换施加灰度驱动脉冲36之前使用复位脉冲35来把图像元素带入一种极限状态(或者全开或者全关)。该复位脉冲的长度不受限制，但是优选尽可能地短，例如小于总寻址时间的50％，这取决于显示元件的应用和特性。由于响应时间和随后的复位取决于在先灰度值，所以该复位脉冲应当具有复位电压和脉宽(总脉冲能量)以把所有可能的灰度值复位至初始状态。
如果显示元件的特性(特别是响应时间)使得需要较长的复位时间，则在矩阵驱动中可以在显示元件的行(线)的选择时间期间提供复位脉冲，其为在选择时间之前的某一周期，用于把信息提供给显示元件的同一行(其甚至可被应用在更早的帧时间中)。
本发明不限于上述实例。如果在接通速度与断开速度之间存在差异，那么图7、8的RMS需求可能无法给出正确的灰度值。此时，应该选择在这些短脉冲中的平均电压电平以使所得的反射-时间曲线适合灰度驱动电压-时间曲线。于是灰度将不会渐渐消失(drift away)，并且在图像更新时间保持短的同时图像质量得到显著改善。使用不对称脉冲允许精调脉冲以便获得精确的灰度。
可在另一种驱动模式中驱动该显示器的一部分而不是另一部分，并且在某一模式中，对于显示器的不同部分而言频率可以不同，前置电压的电压值和极性也可以不同。
尽管已经示出了两个透明基板之间的显示设备，但是包括电极7和油层5的支承板7(图1a)甚至也可浸入开口的水容器中。
本发明在于每一个新颖特征以及特征的每种组合。权利要求书中的参考数字并不限制其保护范围。使用动词“包括”及其变形并不排除存在除权利要求书中所述之外的元件。使用在元件前面的冠词“一个”或“一”并不排除存在多个这种元件。

Claims (3)

1、一种具有至少一个带有光开关的图像元素的显示设备，该光开关包括在第一透明支承板上的空间内的彼此不能混合的至少一种第一液体和第二液体，该第二液体是导电的或有极性的，该显示设备具有用于把电压施加于电极的驱动装置，该电压与在第一极限状态和第二极限状态之间并包括这两个极限状态的该图像元素的一系列电光状态相关，所述驱动装置在图像元素的选择之前提供把该图像元素带入第一极限状态和第二极限状态之一的电压给所述图像元素。
2、根据权利要求1的显示设备，包括在第一透明支承板(3)和第二支承板(4)之间的空间内的液体。
3、根据权利要求1的显示设备，在把该图像元素带入第一极限状态和第二极限状态之一后的至少一个选择周期之后，所述驱动装置提供与一系列电光状态相关的电压。
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