CN101446343A - 基于能量存储设备的温度控制动力传动系统的方法 - Google Patents

基于能量存储设备的温度控制动力传动系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN101446343A
CN101446343A CNA2008101911088A CN200810191108A CN101446343A CN 101446343 A CN101446343 A CN 101446343A CN A2008101911088 A CNA2008101911088 A CN A2008101911088A CN 200810191108 A CN200810191108 A CN 200810191108A CN 101446343 A CN101446343 A CN 101446343A
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candidate
torque
transmission system
power transmission
energy storage
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CN101446343B (zh
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A·H·希普
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40Engine management systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/84Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

Abstract

本发明涉及基于能量存储设备的温度控制动力传动系统的方法,其中动力传动系统包括耦接于变速器设备的输入元件的发动机,以可操作地在输入元件和转矩装置和输出元件之间传递转矩。该转矩装置连接到能量存储设备。一种用于控制动力传动系统的方法,包括监控该能量存储设备的温度,选择候选的动力传动系统运行点,确定与该候选的动力传动系统运行点相关的该能量存储设备的输出功率,为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行该动力传动系统确定功率损失,和结合该功率损失并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本。

Description

基于能量存储设备的温度控制动力传动系统的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明要求2007年4月11日提交的美国临时申请60/985267号的优先权,其公开内容通过引用在此一并引入。
技术领域
本发明涉及动力传动系统中的动力控制。
背景技术
这部分的描述仅提供与本发明相关的一些背景信息,且有可能不构成现有技术。
已知的动力传动系统结构包括含有内燃机和电机的转矩发生装置,其通过变速器装置将转矩传给一输出元件。一种示意性的动力传动系统包含双模式、复合-分解、电动-机械变速器,该变速器利用一输入元件接收来自于优选为内燃机的原动动力源的驱动转矩,以及输出元件。该输出元件可以可操作地连接到驱动系统,以将驱动转矩传递给电动车辆。电机,可实施地为电动机或发电机,产生输入到变速器的转矩,而与内燃机的转矩输入无关。所述电机可以将通过车辆传动系传递的车辆动能转化为电能,存储于电能存储装置中。一控制系统监控来自于车辆和驾驶员的各种输入,并且提供对动力传动系统的可操作控制,包括控制变速器运行状态和换档,和在电能存储装置和电机中调节电能交换,以管理变速器的输出,包括转矩和旋转速度。
发明内容
一种动力传动系统,包括耦接于变速器设备的输入元件的发动机,以可操作地在输入元件和转矩装置和输出元件之间传递转矩。该转矩装置连接到能量存储设备,一种用于控制动力传动系统的方法,包括监控该能量存储设备的温度,选择候选的动力传动系统运行点,确定与该候选的动力传动系统运行点相关的该能量存储设备的输出功率,为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定功率损失,和结合该功率损失并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本。
附图说明
现在将参考相应附图通过例子描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是根据本发明的典型的混合动力传动系统的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的用于控制系统和混合动力传动系统的典型结构的示意图;
图3—9是根据本发明的控制系统的示意流程图;
图10是根据本发明的示意动力流程图;
图11—12描述了根据本发明的损失成本确定系统。
具体实施方式
现在参看附图,其中附图只是为了阐述本发明的一些示例性实施方式,而并不是为了限制实施例,图1和2描述了示例性电动-机械混合动力传动系统。根据本发明的示例性电动-机械混合动力传动系统描述在图1中,其包括可操作地连接于发动机14的双模式、复合-分解、电动-机械混合变速器10,和包括第一和第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72的转矩发生装置。发动机14和第一电机56以及第二电机72,它们每一个都产生可以传递给变速器10的机械动力。由发动机14和第一电机56以及第二电机72所产生并且传递给变速器10的动力被描述为输入和马达转矩,这里被分别标记为TI、TA、TB,以及速度,这里被分别标记为NI、NA、NB
示例性的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,其可选择性地在几个工况下运行,从而通过输入轴12将转矩传递给变速器10,并且也可以是点火式或者压燃式发动机。该发动机14包括曲轴(未示出),所述曲轴可操作地被联接于变速器10的输入轴12。旋转速度传感器11监控输入轴12的旋转速度。来自发动机14的动力,包括旋转速度和发动机转矩,其可以不同于给予变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI,这是由于处于发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上的转矩消耗部件的布置所致,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理设备(未示出)。
示例性的变速器10包括三组行星齿轮组24,26和28,以及四个可选择性地啮合的转矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C475。如这里所使用的,离合器是指任何类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如包括单一的或复合的圆片离合器或堆、带式离合器以及制动器。液压控制电路(‘HYD’)42优选地由变速器控制模块(以后简称‘TCM’)17所控制,并且是可操作来控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选地包括液压-致动旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选地包括可选择性地安装到变速器壳体68上的液压控制固定装置。每个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75都优选地由液压致动,通过液压控制回路42选择性地接收加压液压流体。
第一电机56以及第二电机72优选地包括三相交流电机,每一个都包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出)以及各自的分相器80和82。用于每个电机的电动机定子被安装于变速器壳体68的外部,并且还包括带有从中穿过的电绕组的定子铁心。用于第一电机56的转子被支撑在毂盘齿轮上,该齿轮通过第二行星齿轮组26可操作地连接到输出轴60上。用于第二电机72的转子被固定地连接到轴套轴毂66上。
每个分相器80,82都优选地包括可变磁阻装置,该装置包含分相器定子(未示出)以及分相器转子(未示出)。分相器80,82被分别适当地定位和安装在第一电机56和第二电机72上。分相器80,82各个的定子被可操作地连接于用于第一电机56和第二电机72的定子中的一个。分相器的转子被可操作地连接于用于相应的第一电机56和第二电机72的转子。每个分相器80,82被信号地和可操作地连接于变速器功率变换器控制模块(以下简称‘TPIM’)19,并且每一个感测和监控分相器转子相对于分相器定子的旋转位置,因此监控第一电机56和第二电机72各个的旋转位置。此外,从分相器80和82所输出的信号被解译,用于分别地为第一电机56和第二电机72提供旋转速度,也就是NA和NB
变速器10包括输出元件64,例如轴,其被可操作地连接于车辆(未示出)的传动系统90,以提供输出动力给传动系统90,例如被传递给车辆车轮93,其中的一个显示在图1中。输出元件64中的输出动力的特征在于输出旋转速度NO和输出转矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的旋转速度和旋转方向。每个车轮93优选地装配有摩擦制动94和用于监控车轮速度的传感器(未示出),车轮速度的输出被关于图2所描述的分布式控制模块系统中的控制模块所监控以确定车辆速度,以及绝对的和相对的车轮速度,用于制动控制、牵引控制和车辆加速管理。
来自发动机14的输入转矩和来自第一电机56以及第二电机72的马达转矩(分别为TI、TA、TB)由于从燃料或储存在电能存储装置(以下简称‘ESD’)74中的电位能的能量转化所产生。ESD 74是通过直流电传导导体27连接到TPIM 19的高压直流电。传导导体27包括接触开关38。当接触开关38被关闭时,在通常的操作下,电流可以在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动。当接触开关38被打开时,在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间的电流被切断。TPIM 19通过传导导体29给并且从第一电机56传输电力,并且类似地,TPIM 19通过传导导体31给并且从第二电机72传输电力,以响应于马达转矩指令TA和TB而实现对于第一电机56以及第二电机72的转矩指令。电流根据ESD 74是被充电还是放电而被传递给ESD 74或从ESD 74输出。
TPIM 19包括成对功率变换器(未示出)和各个的电动机控制模块(未示出),该电动机控制模块配置成接收电动机控制命令,并且据此来控制变换器的状态,从而用于提供电动机驱动或者再生功能以实现需要的马达转矩TA和TB。功率变换器包括已知的互补型三相电力电子装置,并且每一个都包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(未示出),通过高频换接,用以从ESD 74将直流电转化成交流电,用来分别为第一电机56和第二电机72提供能量。绝缘栅双极晶体管构成一种开关模式动力供给并被配置用来接收控制指令。典型地,对于每个三相电机的每一相都存在着一对绝缘栅双极晶体管。绝缘栅双极晶体管的工作状态被控制以提供发动机驱动机械动力生成或者电力再生功能。三相变换器经由直流电传导导体27接收和提供直流电并且将它传递给三相交流电源或者从三相交流电源传递出,即,直流电分别经由传导导体29和31被传导给第一电机56和第二电机72和从第一电机56和第二电机72而被传导出,从而使得第一电机56和第二电机72按照发动机或电动机的模式而工作。
图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意性框图。下文中将描述的元件包括整个车辆控制结构的一个子集,且提供图1中的示例性混合动力传动系统的协同系统控制。该分布式控制系统合成有关的信息和输入,且执行算法来控制不同的执行器以实现控制目标,所述目标包括涉及燃油经济性,排放,性能,驱动性能以及硬件保护,包括ESD 74的电池和第一电机56以及第二电机72。该分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(以下简称‘ECM’)23,TCM 17,电池组控制模块(以下简称‘BPCM’)21以及TPIM 19。混合控制模块(以下简称‘HCP’)5为ECM 23、TCM 17、BPCM 21和TPIM 19提供监督性的控制和协调。用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地连接到多个设备,通过它,车辆驾驶员就能控制或者指挥电动-机械混合传动系的操作。所述设备包括加速踏板113(‘AP’),驾驶员制动踏板112(’BP’)、变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’),和车辆速度巡航控制(未示出)。变速器档位选择器114可能具有离散数量个驾驶员可选择的位置,包括输出元件64的旋转方向,以实现向前方向和反向中的一个。
前面提到的控制模块经由局域网(以下简称‘LAN’)总线6而与其它控制模块、传感器和执行器通讯。该LAN总线6允许在各种控制模块之间进行关于运行参数状态和执行器指令信号的结构化通讯。所采用的特定的通讯协议是面向应用的。LAN总线6和合适的协议在前面提到的控制模块和其他控制模块之间提供了鲁棒通讯和多控制模块界面,所述的其他控制模块可提供如防抱死制动,牵引控制和车辆稳定性等功能。多个通讯总线可以被用来改善通讯速度并且提供某种级别的信号冗余度和完整性。单个控制模块之间的通讯也可以通过使用直接连线而被执行,例如串行外围接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出)。
HCP 5为混合动力传动系提供监督控制,对ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19和BPCM 21的操作进行协调。基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD 74在内的混合动力传动系统的各种输入信号,HCP 5确定:驾驶员转矩请求,输出转矩指令,发动机输入转矩指令,用于变速器10所使用的转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C373,C4 75的离合器转矩;以及分别用于第一电机56和第二电机72的马达转矩请求TA和TB
ECM 23可操作地连接于发动机14,通过多条分离的线来起到从传感器中获取数据及控制发动机14的执行器的作用,为了简化,所述分离的线如集结的双向接口电缆35所示的。ECM 23接收来自于HCP 5的发动机输入转矩请求。ECM23确定实际发动机输入转矩TI,基于监控到的发动机速度和负荷,转矩在此值处被及时提供给变速器10,其也与HCP 5通讯。ECM 23监控来自旋转速度传感器11的输入以确定发动机对输入轴12的输入速度,其转变为变速器输入速度NI。ECM 23监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定其它发动机工作参数的状态,包括例如歧管压力、发动机冷却液温度、环境空气温度和环境压力。发动机负荷可以例如从歧管压力或者可选择地从监控驾驶员给予加速踏板113的输入而被确定。ECM 23产生并通讯指令信号以控制发动机执行器,包括,例如燃料喷射器,点火模块和节气门控制模块,它们都没有被示出。
TCM 17可操作地连接到变速器10上,并监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入从而确定变速器工作参数的状态。TCM 17产生并且通讯指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM 17传给HCP 5的输入包括:为每个离合器——也就是C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75——所估算的离合器转矩,以及输出元件64的旋转输出速度NO。出于控制目的,其他执行器和传感器可被用来由从TCM 17向HCP 5提供附加信息。TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地激励液压控制回路42的压力控制电磁阀(未示出)和换档电磁阀(未示出),从而来选择性地致动各离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75,以实现如下面所描述的各种变速器的运行档位工况。
BPCM 21被信号地连接于传感器(未示出)以监控ESD 74,包括电压和电流参数状态,以向HCP 5提供ESD 74的电池的参数状态的指示信息。电池的参数状态最好包括电池充电状态,电池电压,电池温度,和标记范围为PBAT-MIN至PBAT-MAX的可用电量。
刹车控制模块(此后称为’BrCM’)22在车辆的每个车轮93上可驱动地连接至摩擦制动94(未显示)。该BrCM 22监控操作者对刹车踏板112的输入,并且产生控制信号来控制摩擦制动94,还发送控制信号至HCP 5以操作基于其上的第一和第二电机56和72,由此来在称为混合制动的过程中实现车辆制动。
控制模块ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19、BPCM 21和BrCM22中的每一个优选地是通用的数字计算机,包括微处理器或中央处理单元,存储介质,包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存取存储器(‘RAM’)、电可编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’),高速计时器,模-数(‘A/D’)和数-模(‘D/A’)电路,以及输入/输出电路和设备(‘I/O’)和适宜的信号调节和缓冲电路。每个控制模块包括一组控制算法,其包括存储于存储介质中的一个的内在程序指令和校准,其执行以提供每个计算机各自的功能。在各计算机之间的信息传递优选地使用LAN总线6和SPI总线来完成。控制算法在预置的循环周期间被执行,这样每个算法在每个循环周期间被至少执行一次。存储于非易失性存储装置中的算法被中央处理单元的一个所执行,以监控来自于传感装置的输入并且执行控制和诊断程序,从而使用预置的校准来控制执行器的操作。循环周期以固定的时间间隔地执行,例如在混合动力传动系统运行期间为每3.125,6.25,12.5,25和100毫秒。可选择地,算法可以响应于事件的发生而被执行。
示例性的混合动力传动系统选择性地按照几个状态中的一个进行操作,所述状态可以根据发动机工况描述,发动机工况包括发动机运转状态(‘ON’)和发动机停车状态(‘OFF’)中的一个,并且变速器运行档位工况包括多个固定档位运行模式和无级变速运行模式,参照下面表1的描述。
表1
Figure A200810191108D00121
每一个变速器运行档位工况在表中都进行了描述并且指示了哪一个特定的离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75被使用于每一种运行档位工况。为了将第三行星齿轮组28的齿圈元件“接地”,通过仅仅使用离合器C1 70,第一无级变速模式,即EVT模式1或M1被选择。发动机的工况可以是ON(‘MI_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘MI_Eng_Off’)中的一个。为了将轴60连接至第三行星齿轮组28的行星架上,通过仅仅使用离合器C2 62,第二无级变速模式,即EVT模式2或M2被选择。发动机的状态可以是ON(‘M2_Eng_On’)或者OFF(‘M2_Eng_Off’)中的一个。从本说明书的意图出发,当发动机工况是OFF的时候,发动机输入速度等于0转每分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴不旋转。固定档位操作提供了变速器10的输入对输出也就是NI/NO的固定比率操作。第一固定档位操作(‘G1’)通过使用离合器C1 70和C4 75而被选择。第二固定档位操作(‘G2’)通过使用离合器C1 70和C2 62而被选择。第三固定档位操作(‘G3’)通过使用离合器C2 62和C4 75而被选择。第四固定档位操作(‘G4’)通过使用离合器C2 62和C3 73而被选择。输入速度对输出速度的固定比率操作随着增加的固定档位操作而增加,固定档位操作的增加是由于行星齿轮24、26和28中的传动比的减小而导致的。第一电机56和第二电机72的旋转速度,分别为NA和NB,取决于机械结构的内旋,如通过离合所限定的并且和在输入轴12上所测量到的输入速度成比例。
响应于经由加速踏板113和制动踏板112的为用户界面13所获取的驾驶员输入,HCP 5和一个或者多个其它控制模块确定转矩指令以控制包括发动机14和第一、第二电机56、72的转矩生成设备,以满足输出元件64上并且被传递至传动系统90的驾驶员转矩请求。基于用户界面13的输入信号和包括ESD74和HCP5的混合动力传动系统,各自确定:驾驶员转矩请求,从变速器10到传动系统90的命令的输出转矩,来自发动机14的输入转矩,用于变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,C4 75的离合器转矩,以及分别用于第一电机56和第二电机72的马达转矩,如在这以下所述。
最终的车辆加速度可以被其它因素影响,包括,例如道路阻力加载、道路坡度和车辆质量。基于混合动力传动系统的多种运行指标确定发动机工况和变速器的运行档位工况。这包括如前面描述的经由加速踏板113和制动踏板112发送给用户界面13的驾驶员转矩请求。变速器运行档位工况和发动机工况可以根据混合动力传动系统转矩要求而预定,且该转矩要求是由按照电能产生模式还是转矩产生模式来操作第一电机56和第二电机72的指令而引起的。变速器运行档位工况和发动机工况可以由确定最优系统效率的最佳算法或程序来确定,该最佳算法或程序基于驾驶员的动力要求,电池充电状态,以及发动机14与第一电机56和第二电机72的能量效率。控制系统根据被执行的最佳程序的结果来管理来自于发动机14以及第一电机56和第二电机72的转矩输入,并且系统效率因此被最优化,从而管理燃油经济性及电池充电。此外,还可以根据部件或系统的故障来确定操作。HCP 5监控转矩发生装置,以及确定在输出元件64处从变速器10输出的动力,这要求能满足驾驶员转矩请求,同时满足其他动力传动系统的运行需要,例如为ESD74充电。如同从上面的说明中将会很明显的是,ESD 74和第一电机56以及第二电机72之间是被可操作地电联接在一起的,从而实现它们之间的功率流通。另外,发动机14,第一电机56和第二电机72,以及电动-机械变速器10之间被机械地可操作地联接起来,从而彼此之间传递动力,并且产生给予输出元件64的功率流通。
图3表示用于控制和管理具有多个转矩发生设备的混合动力传动系统中的信号流的控制系统结构,以下的描述参照图1和图2的混合动力传动系统,并存在于上述可执行算法和校验形式的控制模块中。该控制系统结构可用于其他的具有多个转矩发生设备的混合动力传动系统中,包括例如具有发动机和单个电机的混合动力传动系统,具有发动机和多个电机的混合动力传动系统。可选地,该混合动力传动系统可以使用非电转矩发生装置和能量存储系统,例如液压—机械混合变速器(未示出)。
在运行中,监控到加速踏板113和制动踏板112的驾驶员输入以确定驾驶员转矩请求。给予加速踏板113和制动踏板112的驾驶员输入分别包括可确定的驾驶员转矩请求输入,其包括实时加速输出转矩请求(‘实时加速输出转矩请求’)、预定加速输出转矩请求(‘预定加速输出转矩请求’)、实时制动输出转矩请求(‘实时制动输出转矩请求’)、预定制动输出转矩请求(‘预定制动输出转矩请求’)和轮轴转矩响应类型(‘轮轴转矩响应类型’)。如这里所使用的,术语“加速”指当驾驶员对变速器档位选择器114的选择位置命令车辆以向前方向运行时,向前推进优选的导致车速增加超过当前车速的驾驶员请求。术语“减速”和“制动”指优选的导致车辆从当前车速减速的驾驶员请求。实时加速输出转矩请求、预定加速输出转矩请求、实时制动输出转矩请求、预定制动输出转矩请求和轮轴转矩响应类型被独立地输入到控制系统。此外,发动机14和变速器10的运行被监测,以确定输入速度(‘Ni’)和输出速动(‘No’)。
实时加速输出转矩请求包括基于给予加速踏板113的驾驶员输入而确定的实时转矩请求。控制系统响应于实时加速输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力传动系统的输出转矩以产生车辆的正向加速。实时制动输出转矩请求包括基于给予制动踏板112的驾驶员输入而确定的实时制动请求。控制系统响应于实时制动输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力传动系统的输出转矩以产生车辆的减速或反向加速。通过控制来自混合动力传动系统的输出转矩实现的车辆减速和通过车辆制动系统(未示出)实现的车辆减速结合在一起来减小车速以实现实时制动请求。
实时加速输出转矩请求基于当前发生的给予加速踏板113的驾驶员输入而确定,并且包括在输出元件64产生实时输出转矩优选来使车辆加速的请求。实时加速输出转矩请求是不定形的,但是可以被动力传动系统控制外的影响车辆运行的事件所定形。这种事件包括在动力传动系统的防抱死制动控制、牵引控制和车辆稳定性控制中的车辆等级中断,其可以被用来非定形或者速率限制实时加速输出转矩请求。
预定加速输出转矩请求基于给予加速踏板113的驾驶员输入而确定,包括在输出元件64最优化的或优选的输出转矩。在通常的运行条件过程中,预定加速输出转矩请求最好与实时加速输出转矩请求相等,例如当防抱死、牵引控制或者车辆稳定性中任一个都没有正在被命令时。当防抱死、牵引控制或者车辆稳定性中任一个正在被命令时,响应于关于防抱死制动控制、牵引控制和车辆稳定性控制的输出转矩命令,预定加速输出转矩请求可以随着正在减小的实时加速输出转矩请求保持最佳输出转矩。
基于驾驶员对制动踏板112和控制信号的输入,确定实时制动转矩请求以控制摩擦制动器94来产生摩擦制动转矩。
响应驾驶员对制动踏板112的输入,实时制动输出转矩请求包括在输出元件64处的最优或优选的制动输出转矩,其受控于产生在输出元件64的可允许的最大制动输出转矩,而不必考虑驾驶员对制动踏板11的输入。在一个实施例中,在输出元件64产生的最大制动输出转矩被限制到-0.2g。当车速接近零时,不考虑驾驶员给予制动踏板112的输入,预定制动输出转矩请求可以被逐渐减小到零。如使用者所期望的,可以存在在其下预定制动输出转矩请求被设为零的运行状况,例如,当驾驶员对变速器档位选择器114的设置被设定到倒车齿轮时,以及当变速箱(未示出)被设定到四轮驱动低档时。在预定制动输出转矩请求被设为零的运行状况是那些因为车辆的运行因素而混合制动不被优选的情形。
轮轴转矩响应类型包括通过第一电机56和第二电机72成形和速率限制输出转矩响应的输入状态。轮轴转矩响应类型的输入状态可以是活动状态或非活动状态,其中活动状态优选地包括满足性受限状态和最大范围状态中的一个。当命令轮轴转矩响应类型为活动状态时,输出转矩命令为实时输出转矩。优选地,这种响应类型的转矩响应尽可能地快。
混合制动包括在车轮93产生的摩擦力制动转矩和在输出元件64产生的输出转矩,响应于给予制动踏板112的驾驶员输入,与驱动系统90起作用从而降低车速。响应于实时制动请求,BrCM 22命令摩擦制动94运用制动转矩,并为变速器10生成指令以产生负输出转矩,其与驱动系统90作用。优选地,该运用的制动转矩和负输出转矩可以使车辆减速和使车辆停止,只要它们足以克服车轮93处的车辆动能。该负输出转矩与驱动系统90作用,从而传送转矩到电—机变速器10和发动机14。通过电—机变速器10作用的该负输出转矩可以传送到第一和第二电机56、72中的一个或两个,以生成存储在ESD 74中的电能。
策略最优化控制系统(‘策略控制’)310基于输出速度和驾驶员转矩请求确定优选的输入转速(‘Ni_Des’)和优选的发动机工况和变速器运行档位工况(‘混合动力档位工况Des’),并基于混合动力传动系统的其他运行参数,包括电池能量限制和发动机14、变速器10和第一电机56和第二电机72的响应限制。预定加速输出转矩请求和预定制动输出转矩请求是策略最优化控制系统310的输入。该策略最优化控制系统310最好在每100毫秒循环周期和每25毫秒循环周期内通过HCP 5执行。变速器10想要的运行换档和从发动机14到变速器10想要的输入速度输入到换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制系统320中。
换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制系统320命令变速器运行的改变(‘变速器命令’),包括基于动力传动系统的输入和运行改变工作档位工况。如果最佳工作档位工况不同于当前的工作档位工况,这包括通过命令改变应用中的一个或多个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75和其他变速器命令来命令执行工作档位工况的改变。当前工作档位工况(‘混合动力档位工况实际’)和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)可以被确定。该输入速度曲线为即将到来的输入速度的估算,优选的包括作为即将到来的循环周期的目标输入速度的标量参数值。在变速器工作档位工况改变期间,发动机运行命令和驾驶员转矩请求基于输入速度曲线。
在其中一个控制循环周期期间,战术控制系统(‘战术控制和运行’)330反复执行,以确定发动机命令(‘发动机命令’)用以运行发动机14,包括从发动机14到变速器10的最佳输入转矩,这基于输出速度、输入速度和驾驶员转矩请求、轮轴转矩响应类型和变速器当前工作档位工况,所述驾驶员转矩请求包括实时加速输出转矩请求、预定加速输出转矩请求、实时制动输出转矩请求、预定制动输出转矩请求。发动机命令也包括发动机工况,其包括全缸运行状态和停缸运行状态中的一个,在停缸运行状态中部分发动机气缸停止工作并不供给燃料,发动机工况包括供给燃料状态和切断燃料状态中的一个。包括最优的发动机14输入转矩和作用在发动机14和输入元件12之间的当前输入转矩(‘Ti’)的发动机命令最好在ECM 23中确定。用于每个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的离合器转矩(‘Tcl’),包括当前致动离合器和非致动离合器,最好在TCM 17中估算。
输出和马达转矩确定系统(‘输出和马达转矩确定’)340被执行用来确定来自动力传动系统(‘To_cmd’)的最佳输出转矩。其包括确定马达转矩命令(‘TA’,‘TB’),以将净命令输出转矩传送到变速器10的输出元件64,以达到驾驶员转矩请求,这在本实施例中是通过控制第一电机56和第二电机72实现的。输入为实时加速输出转矩请求、实时制动输出转矩请求、来自电动机14的当前输入转矩和估计应用的离合器转矩、变速器10的当前档位工况、输入速度、输入速度曲线和轮轴转矩响应类型。输出和马达转矩确定系统340执行以确定其中一个循环周期的每次迭代过程中的马达转矩命令。该输出和马达转矩确定系统340包括算法代码,该算法代码在6.25和12.5毫秒循环周期间定期被执行以确定最佳马达转矩命令。
混合动力传动系统控制着将输出转矩传送到输出元件64,以与驱动系统90作用,并在车轮93处产生驱动转矩,以响应于驾驶员在加速踏板113上的输入来向前驱动车辆,当驾驶员选择变速器档位选择器114的位置命令车辆向前运行时。类似地,混合动力传动系统控制着将输出转矩传送到输出元件64,以与驱动系统90作用,并在车轮93处产生驱动转矩,以响应于驾驶员在加速踏板113上的输入在反向上驱动车辆,当驾驶员选择变速器档位选择器114的位置命令车辆反向运行时。优选地,只要输出转矩足以克服作用于车辆上的外部负载,推进车辆导致车辆加速,所述外部负载由例如道路级别、空气动力负载和其他负载引起。
图4详细描述了在用于控制发动机14运行的战术控制系统(‘战术控制和运行’)330内的信号传输,并参照图1和图2的混合动力传动系统和图3和图4中的控制系统结构进行描述。战术控制系统330包括战术最优化控制通路350和系统限制控制通路360,其优选的被同时执行。战术最优化控制通路350的输出被输入到发动机工况控制方案370。发动机工况控制方案370和系统限制控制通路360的输出被输入到发动机响应类型确定系统(‘发动机响应类型确定’)380用于控制发动机工况、实时发动机转矩请求、预定发动机转矩请求和发动机响应类型。
来自发动机14的输入可以描述为发动机工作点,发动机工作点包括发动机速度和发动机转矩,发动机转矩可以被转换成与变速器10输入元件起作用的输入速度和输入转矩。当发动机14为点燃式发动机时,发动机工作点的改变可以通过改变发动机14的进气量来实现,这通过利用电子节气门控制系统(未示出)控制发动机节气门的位置实现,包括打开发动机节气门以增加发动机转矩和关闭发动机节气门以减小发动机转矩。发动机工作点的改变可以通过调整点火正时来实现,包括比平均最佳转矩点火正时延迟点火正时以减小发动机转矩。当发动机14包括压燃式发动机时,发动机工作点通过控制喷油量被控制,并通过比平均最佳转矩喷油正时延迟喷油以减小发动机转矩而调整。发动机工作点也可以被改变用于实现输入转矩的改变,通过在发动机工况在全缸状态和停缸状态之间控制和通过控制发动机供给燃料状态和切断燃料状态之间的发动机工况,其中在切断燃料状态时发动机旋转而不供给燃料。
战术最优化控制通路350作用于基本上稳定状态的输入从而选择优选的发动机工况并确定从发动机14到变速器10的优选的输入转矩。战术最优化控制通路350包括最优化方案(‘战术最优化’)354,以为运行发动机14确定优选的输入转矩,其中发动机运行在全缸状态(‘输入转矩满’)、停缸状态(‘输入转矩停缸’)、燃料切断的全缸状态(‘输入转矩满FCO’)、燃料切断的停缸状态(‘输入转矩停缸FCO’)以及优选的发动机工况(‘发动机工况’)。优化方案354的输入包括变速器10的提前运行档位工况(‘提前混合动力档位工况’),提前预定输入加速度曲线(‘预定的提前输入加速度曲线’),和在提前运行档位工况下通过每个处于使用中的离合器的预定的离合器作用转矩范围(‘预定的离合器作用转矩Min/Max’),其最好在换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制系统320中。还有的输入包括预定的电池电量限制(‘预定的电池电量限制’)、预定的加速输出转矩请求(‘预定的加速度输出转矩请求’)和预定的制动输出转矩请求(‘预定的制动输出转矩请求’)。用于加速的预定输出转矩请求在考虑轮轴转矩响应类型的同时通过预定输出转矩整形滤波器352成形,以产生预定的加速输出转矩(‘预定的加速TO’),并与用于制动的预定输出转矩请求结合以确定净预定输出转矩(‘净预定TO’),它们是输入用于优化方案354的。变速器10的提前运行档位工况包括变速器10的运行档位工况的时间移位提前,以适应在运行档位工况的指令改变与实际的运行档位工况之间的响应时间延迟。因此变速器10的提前运行档位工况是指令的运行档位工况。提前预定输入加速度曲线包括输入元件12的预定输入加速度曲线的时间移位提前,从而在预定输入加速度曲线中的被指令的改变和在预定输入加速度曲线中测量到的改变之间提供响应时间延迟。因此提前预定输入加速度曲线是在时间移位之后发生的输入元件12的预定输入加速度曲线。被称为‘提前’的参数被用来利用具有变响应时间的装置,通过集中于普通输出元件64中的动力传动系统而提供转矩的同时传送。具体地,发动机14可以具有300—600ms数量级的响应时间,并且每一个转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75可以具有150—300ms数量级的响应时间,而第一电机56和第二电机72可以具有10ms数量级的响应时间。
优化方案354确定用于操作发动机14处于发动机工况的花费,所述发动机工况包括操作发动机处于供油的并且全缸状态(‘PCOST FULL FUEL’),操作发动机处于不供油并且全缸状态(‘PCOSTFULL FCO’),操作发动机处于供油并且停缸状态(‘PCOSTDEAC FUEL’),操作发动机处于不供油并且停缸状态(‘PCOSTDEAC FCO’)。前述用于操作发动机14的成本与实际发动机工况(‘实际发动机工况’)以及可承认的或者可允许的发动机工况(‘允许的发动机工况’)一起被输入给稳定分析系统(‘稳定和仲裁’)356,从而来选择一个发动机工况作为优选的发动机工况(‘优选的发动机工况’)。
用来操作发动机14处于燃料被切断或者没有被切断的停缸状态和全缸状态的优选的输入转矩被输入给发动机转矩变换计算机355,并且分别被变换成优选的处于全缸状态和停缸状态(‘发动机转矩满’和‘发动机转矩停缸’)下的发动机转矩,以及燃料切断时的处于全缸状态和停缸状态(‘发动机转矩满FCO’和‘发动机转矩停缸FCO’)下的发动机转矩,通过计及在发动机14和变速器10之间的转矩损耗元件,例如液压泵。优选的发动机转矩和优选的发动机工况包括给予发动机工况控制方案370的输入。
用于运行发动机14的成本包括运行费用,该运行费用基于包括车辆驾驶性能、燃油经济性、排放和电池使用情况在内的因素而被确定。成本归结于并且相关于燃料和电能的消耗,并且与混合动力传动系的特定工作条件相关。较低的运行成本可以相关于对于每个发动机速度/负荷工作点下的高变换效率下的较低的燃油消耗、较低的电池能量使用,以及较低的排放,并且还要考虑到当前发动机14的运行状态。
在处于全缸状态和停缸状态下的优选的发动机工况和优选的发动机转矩被输入给发动机工况控制方案370,该发动机工况控制方案370包括发动机工况机(‘发动机工况机’)372。发动机工况机372基于优选的发动机工况和优选的发动机转矩而确定目标发动机转矩(‘目标发动机转矩’)和发动机工况(‘发动机工况’)。目标发动机转矩和发动机工况被输入给变换滤波器374,该变换滤波器374过滤目标发动机转矩来提供被过滤的目标发动机转矩(‘被过滤的目标发动机转矩’),并使发动机工况之间的变换成为可能。发动机工况机372输出指令,该指令指示从停缸状态和全缸状态中选出一个(‘DEAC被选择’),以及指示从发动机供油状态和减速燃油切断状态中选出一个(‘FCO被选择’)。
从停缸状态和全缸状态中选出一个,以及从发动机供油状态和减速燃油切断状态中选出一个,被过滤的目标发动机转矩,以及最大和最小发动机转矩被输入给发动机响应类型判定方案380。
该系统限制控制通路360确定对于输入转矩的制约,包括能够被变速器10反作用的最小和最大输入转矩(‘输入转矩混合最小’和‘输入转矩混合最大’)。最小和最大输入转矩基于对变速器10、第一电机56和第二电机72及ESD 74的制约而被确定,其影响到变速器10和电机56、72的能力。
给予系统制约控制通路360的输入包括与转矩干涉控制相联系的由加速踏板113所测量到的实时输出转矩请求(‘实时加速输出转矩请求’)和与转矩干涉控制相联系的制动踏板112所测量到的实时输出转矩请求(‘实时制动输出转矩请求’)。在考虑轮轴转矩响应类型的同时,实时输出转矩请求通过实时输出转矩整形滤波器362整形,以生成实时加速输出转矩(‘实时加速输出转矩’),并与用于制动的实时输出转矩请求结合,以确定净实时输出转矩(‘净实时输出转矩’)。净实时输出转矩和实时加速输出转矩被输入给限制方案(‘输出和输入转矩限制’)364。其它被输入给限制方案364的输入包括变速器10的提前运行档位工况,实时提前输入加速度曲线(‘实时提前输入加速度曲线’),在提前运行档位工况中用于每个应用中的离合器的提前实时离合器作用转矩范围(‘提前实时离合器作用转矩Min/Max’),以及策略控制电力限制(‘策略控制电力限制’),其包括从最小策略控制电力制约PBAT_MIN_TC到最大策略电力限制PBAT_MAX_TC。该策略控制电力制约是从电池电量函数(‘电池电量控制’)366中输出的。目标的提前输入加速度曲线包括输入元件12的实时输入加速度曲线的时间移位提前,从而在实时输入加速度曲线中的经指令的改变和在实时输入加速度曲线中测量到的改变之间提供响应时间延迟。提前实时离合器作用转矩范围包括离合器的实时离合器作用转矩范围时间移位提前,从而在实时离合器作用转矩范围中的被指令的改变和在实时离合器作用转矩范围中测量到的改变之间提供响应时间延迟。制约方案364为变速器10确定输出转矩范围,并且然后基于上述的输入而确定能够被变速器10反作用的最小和最大输入转矩。
而且,当发动机14以实时发动机转矩运行时和当电机56、72基于驾驶员的转矩请求和制约方案364的其他输入以优选的马达转矩运行时,制约方案364输入发动机转矩请求并输出实时电力PBATT_IMMED,该实时电力是ESD 74的估计的电池输出电力。
最小和最大输入转矩被输入给发动机转矩变换计算机355并且被转换成最小和最大发动机转矩(分别地‘发动机转矩混合最小’和‘发动机转矩混合最大’),通过计及在发动机14和变速器10之间引入的转矩损耗元件,例如液压泵、寄生的和其它的载荷。
被过滤的目标发动机转矩,发动机状态机372的输出和最小和最大发动机转矩被输入给发动机响应类型确定方案380。该方案380将过滤了的目标转矩限定在最小和最大混合发动机转矩,并输出发动机指令到ECM 23,用以控制发动机转矩到实时发动机转矩请求(‘实时发动机转矩请求’)和预定发动机转矩请求(‘预定发动机转矩请求’)。其他指令控制发动机工况处于发电机供油状态和停止断油状态(‘FCO请求’)中的一个,和处于停缸状态以及全缸状态(‘停缸请求’)中的一个。其他输出包括发动机响应类型(‘发动机响应类型’)。当过滤后的目标发动机转矩处在最小和最大发动机转矩范围之内时,发动机响应类型是不活动的。当过滤后的目标发动机转矩处在最小和最大发动机转矩(‘发动机转矩混合最小’)和(‘发动机转矩混合最大’)的限制之外时,发动机响应类型是活动的,这指示发动机转矩需要立即改变,例如通过发动机点火控制来改变发动机转矩,使其落入到最小和最大发动机转矩的制约之内。
图5表示战术最优化控制通路350的战术最优化方案354的细节。该战术最优化方案(‘战术最优化’)354执行以确定用于运行发动机14所优选的输入转矩和相关的动力成本,包括处于全缸状态(‘输入转矩满’),处于停缸状态(‘输入转矩停缸’),处于燃料切断的全缸状态(‘燃料切断的输入转矩满’),处于燃料切断的停缸状态(‘燃料切断的输入转矩停缸’)。如图4所示,给予优化方案354的系统输入包括净预定输出转矩(‘净预定TO’)和预定加速输出转矩(‘预定加速TO’)。在运行中,预定加速输出转矩请求(‘预定加速输出转矩请求’)和预定制动输出转矩请求(‘预定制动输出转矩请求’)受到监控。用于加速和制动的预定输出转矩请求通过预定输出转矩构型过滤器352与轮轴转矩响应类型结合并构型。该净预定输出转矩包括通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112连通的驾驶员转矩请求的和。其他输入包括变速器10的提前运行档位工况(‘提前混合动力档位工况’),提前预定输入加速度曲线(‘预定的提前输入加速度曲线’),在提前运行档位工况下通过每个处于使用中的离合器的预定的离合器作用转矩范围(‘预定的离合器作用转矩Min/Max’),和预定的电池电量限制(‘预定的电池电量限制’)。
变速器10的提前运行档位工况包括变速器10的运行档位工况的时间移位提前,从而例如在发动机转矩请求与实际的发动机转矩请求之间提供响应时间延迟。因此变速器10的提前运行档位工况变成了指令的运行档位工况。提前预定输入加速度曲线包括输入元件12想要的的预定输入加速度曲线的时间移位提前,以提供响应时间延迟。因此提前预定输入加速度曲线是在时间移位之后发生的输入元件12的预定输入加速度曲线。被称为‘提前’的参数被用来通过利用具有变响应时间的装置而提供穿过动力传动系统的集中于普通输出元件64中的转矩的同时变换。具体地,发动机14可以具有300—600ms数量级的响应时间,并且每一个转矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75可以具有150—300ms数量级的响应时间,以及第一电机56和第二电机72可以具有10ms数量级的响应时间。
战术最优化方案354包括最优化管理器420,其管理和生成动力成本输入、损失成本和用于搜索方案402和406和评估方案404和408的最优化输入。搜索方案402和406和评估方案404和408为动力传动系统在每个发动机工况确定最小动力成本的优选的输入转矩和相应的输出转矩。
搜索方案402执行输入转矩的一维搜索以确定优选的输入转矩,这使发动机在供油和在全缸状态时动力成本最小。在每个输入转矩中,优选的输出转矩得以确定。这包括确定输入转矩的范围,包括发动机14在供油状态和全缸状态下的最小和最大输入转矩(‘输入转矩最小满’,‘输入转矩最大满’),其被输入到一维搜索引擎430中。该搜索引擎430产生输入转矩范围内的候选的输入转矩(‘Ti(j)’),其被输入到最优化函数440中。该最优化函数440基于候选的输入转矩、最优化输入和系统输入计算输出,包括输出转矩(‘To(j)’)和从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的转矩(‘Ta(j)’,‘Tb(j)’),和从ESD 74输出的电力(‘PBAT(j)’),从第一电机56和第二电机56输出的电功率(‘Pa(j)’,‘Pb(j)’)和变速器设备10中采用的离合器的离合器转矩输出(‘Tcl1(j)’),(‘Tcl2(j)’)。最优化函数440的输出输入到成本函数450,成本函数450为候选输入转矩计算动力成本(‘PCOST(j)’)。该搜索引擎迭代地生成候选输入转矩并在输入转矩范围中执行,以确定在供油和全缸状态下运行发动机时优选的输入转矩和相应的输出转矩以实现最小的动力成本(‘PCOSTFULL FUEL’)。
搜索方案406执行输入转矩的一维搜索以确定优选的输入转矩,以使在供油和停缸状态下运行发动机时动力成本最小化。这包括在发动机14运行在供油状态和停缸状态时确定输入转矩的范围,该范围包括最小和最大输入转矩(‘输入转矩最小停缸’,‘输入转矩最大停缸’),所述最小和最大输入转矩输入到一维搜索引擎430。该搜索引擎430生成在输入转矩范围内的候选输入转矩(‘Ti(j)’),该转矩输入到最优化函数440中。该最优化函数440基于候选的输入转矩、最优化输入和系统输入计算输出,包括输出转矩(‘To(j)’)和从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的转矩(‘Ta(j)’,‘Tb(j)’),和从ESD74输出的电力(‘PBAT(j)’),从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的电功率(‘Pa(j)’,‘Pb(j)’)。最优化函数440的输出输入到成本函数450,成本函数450为候选输入转矩‘Ti(j)’计算动力成本(‘PCOST(j)’)。该搜索引擎迭代地生成候选输入转矩并在输入转矩范围中执行,以确定在供油和停缸状态下运行发动机时优选的输入转矩和相应的输出转矩以实现最小的动力成本(‘PCOST DEAC FUEL’)。
评估方案404评估输入转矩以确定在不供油和全缸状态下运行发动机时优选的输出转矩和动力成本。该候选的输入转矩(‘输入转矩FCO满’)输入到最优化函数440中。该最优化函数440基于输入转矩、最优化输入和系统输入计算输出,包括输出转矩(‘To’)和从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的转矩(‘Ta’,‘Tb’),和从ESD74输出的电力(‘PBAT’),从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的电功率(‘Pa’,‘Pb’)。最优化函数440的输出输入到成本函数450,成本函数450计算在不供油和全缸状态下运行发动机时的动力成本(‘PCOST FULL FCO’)。
评估方案408评估输入转矩以确定在不供油和停缸状态下运行发动机时优选的输出转矩和动力成本。该候选的输入转矩(‘输入转矩FCO DEAC’)输入到最优化函数440中。该最优化函数440基于输入转矩、最优化输入和系统输入计算输出,包括输出转矩(‘To’)和从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的转矩(‘Ta’,‘Tb’),和从ESD 74输出的电力(‘PBAT’),从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的电功率(‘Pa’,‘Pb’)。最优化函数440的输出输入到成本函数450,成本函数450计算在不供油和停缸状态下运行发动机时的动力成本(‘PCOST FULL FCO’)。
该最优化函数440具有的输入包括单输入转矩、最优化输入转矩和系统输入。系统输入包括净预定输出转矩(‘To Net Prdtd’)和预定加速输出转矩(‘ToAccel Prdtd’)。最优化输入包括变速器10的提前档位工况(‘Lead Hybrid RangeState’)、提前预定输入加速度曲线(‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Predicted’)、在提前运行档位工况中用于每个应用中的离合器的提前离合器作用转矩范围(‘提前离合器作用转矩Min/Max’),和预定的电池电量限制(‘Predicted BatteryPoewr limit’)。其他限制包括从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的最大和最小马达转矩、系统惯性、阻尼、离合器滑程、和电气/机械动力转换效率。对于每个候选的输入转矩,最优化函数440计算响应于系统输入的混合动力传动系统的输出,所述系统输入包括上述的输出转矩指令,并在从第一电机56和第二电机72输出的马达转矩的最大和最小值内,在可获得的电池电量内,在来自当前运行的变速器10的档位工况中使用的离合器的离合器作用转矩范围内,并考虑系统惯性、阻尼、离合器滑程、和电气/机械动力转换效率。所述动力传动系统输出包括最大可实现的输出转矩(‘To’)和从第一电机56和第二电机72中可实现的转矩输出(‘Ta’,‘Tb’)。
成本函数450确定响应于系统输入运行动力传动系统的动力成本,所述系统输入包括净预定输出转矩和预定加速输出转矩,此时发动机14处于候选的输入转矩。确定动力成本基于的因素包括摩擦力形式的机械动力损失和旋转损失,涉及热产生的电力损失,内部阻抗,电流和寄生损失。在制动中,动力损失包括由在摩擦制动94中以生热形式成本的不可恢复的动力能量引起的动力损失,该动力损失可以通过再生制动而恢复为电力。成本被分派并与燃料和电力消费及混合动力传动系统专门的运行点关联。较低的动力成本关联于高转换效率的低的燃料消费、低的电池电量使用和每个发动机速度/负载运行点低的排放,并考虑到发动机14当前的运行状态。搜索方案402和406包括额外的动力成本,包括与在全缸供油状态(‘全缸发动机动力损失输入’)和停缸供油状态(‘停缸发动机动力损失输入’)下运行发动机14相关的发动机动力成本。
图6详细地表示了在战术最优化控制方案310中的信号流动,该系统包括策略管理器(‘策略管理器’)220、运行档位工况分析器260,和状态稳定和仲裁模块280,以确定优选的输入速度(‘Ni_Des’)和优选的变速器运行档位工况(‘混合动力档位工况Des’)。策略管理器(‘策略管理器’)220监控输出速度No、预定加速输出转矩请求(‘预定加速输出转矩请求’)、预定制动输出转矩请求(‘预定制动输出转矩请求’)和可获得的电池电量PBAT_MIN至PBAT_MAX。该策略管理器220确定哪个变速器运行档位工况是可允许的,并确定输出转矩请求,包括策略加速输出转矩请求(‘策略加速输出转矩请求’)和策略净输出转矩请求(‘策略净输出转矩请求’),它们都与损失成本(‘损失成本’)、系统输入(‘系统输入’)和动力成本输入(‘动力成本输入’)一起输入运行档位工况分析器260。该运行档位工况分析器260基于驾驶员转矩请求、系统输入、可获得的电池电量和动力成本输入,为每个允许的运行档位工况生成优选的动力成本(‘P*const’)和相关的输入速度(‘N*i’)。用于可允许的运行档位工况的优选的动力成本和相关的输入速度输入到状态稳定和仲裁模块280,状态稳定和仲裁模块280据此选择优选的运行档位工况和优选的输入速度。
图7表示运行档位工况分析器260,其在每个候选档位工况中执行搜索,所述工况包括可允许的运行档位工况中的一个,包括M1(262),M2(264),G1(270),G2(272),G3(274)和G4(276),以确定优选的转矩致动器的运行,在本实施例中也即发动机14和第一电机56和第二电机72的运行。该优选的运行优选地包括用于运行混合动力传动系统的最小动力成本和响应于驾驶员转矩请求用于在候选运行档位工况中运行的相关的发动机输入。该相关的发动机输入包括优选的发动机输入速度(‘Ni*’)、优选的发动机输入功率(‘Pi*’)和响应于并优选地达到驾驶员转矩请求的优选的发动机输入转矩(‘Ti*’)中的至少一个。当发动机14处于发动机停止状态时,运行档位工况分析器260评估M1-发动机停止(264)和M2-发动机停止(266),以确定优选的成本(‘P*cost’),用于响应于并优选地达到驾驶员转矩请求的运行动力传动系统。
在每个G1(270),G2(272),G3(274)和G4(276)中优选的运行可以通过执行一维搜索方案610而确定。图8示意性地表示用于一维搜索方案610的信号流动。驾驶员转矩请求(‘驾驶员转矩请求’)和一个可控制输入的范围——在本实施例中包括最小和最大输入转矩(‘Ti Min/Max’)——被输入到一维搜索引擎415。该一维搜索引擎415迭代地生成候选输入转矩(‘Ti(j)’),该候选输入转矩在最小和最大输入转矩之间的范围中,每个被输入到最优化函数(‘Opt To/Ta/Tb’)440进行n次搜索迭代。其他输入到最优化函数440的包括系统输入,优选地包括用于电池电量、离合器转矩、电动机运行、变速器和发动机运行的参数状态,和明确的运行档位工况。该最优化函数440基于响应于驾驶员转矩请求的系统输入,为候选的运行档位工况确定变速器的运行,包括与候选输入转矩相关的输出转矩、马达转矩和相关的电池和电功率(‘To(j),Ta(j),Tb(j),Pbat(j),Pa(j),Pb(j)’)。所述输出转矩、马达转矩和相关的电池电量、损失成本和动力成本输入被输入到成本函数450,该函数执行以确定响应于驾驶员转矩请求在候选输入转矩的候选运行档位工况下运行动力传动系统的动力成本(‘Pcost(j)’)。该一维搜索引擎415迭代地生成输入转矩范围内的候选的输入转矩。所述候选的输入转矩输入到最优化函数440和成本函数450中,以确定随之相关的动力成本,以确定优选的输入转矩(‘Ti*’)和相关的优选的成本(‘P*cost’)。该优选的输入转矩(‘Ti*’)包括在输入转矩范围内的候选的输入转矩,这带来候选运行档位工况的最小动力成本,也即优选的成本。
在每个M1(262)和M2(264)中的优选运行可以通过执行二维搜索方案620而确定。图9示意性地表示用于二维搜索方案620的信号流动。两个可控制的输入范围,在本实施例中包括最小和最大输入速度(‘Ni Min/Max’)和最小和最大输入功率(‘Pi Min/Max’)被输入到二维搜索引擎410。在另外一个实施例中,这两个可控制的输入可以包括最小和最大输入速度和最小和最大输入转矩。该二维搜索引擎410迭代地生成候选输入速度(‘Ni(j)’)和候选输入功率(‘Pi(j)’),它们在最小和最大输入速度和功率之间的范围中。候选输入功率优选地转换为候选输入转矩(‘Ti(j)’)(412)。每个候选输入速度(‘Ni(j)’)和候选输入转矩(‘Ti(j)')被输入到最优化函数(‘Opt To/Ta/Tb’)440进行n次搜索迭代。其他输入到最优化函数440的包括系统输入,优选地包括用于电池电量、离合器转矩、电动机运行、变速器和发动机运行的参数状态,和明确的运行档位工况和驾驶员转矩请求。该最优化函数440基于系统输入和运行转矩请求,为候选的运行档位工况确定变速器的运行,包括与候选的输入功率和候选的输入速度相关的输出转矩、马达转矩和相关的电池和电功率(‘To(j),Ta(j),Tb(j),Pbat(j),Pa(j),Pb(j)’)。所述出转矩、马达转矩和相关的电池电量、损失成本和动力成本输入被输入到成本函数450,该函数执行以确定在候选输入功率和候选输入速度下响应于候选运行档位工况下驾驶员的转矩请求而运行动力传动系统的动力成本(‘Pcost(j)’)。该二维搜索引擎410迭代地生成输入速度范围内和输入功率范围内的候选的输入速度和候选的输入功率,并确定随之相关的动力成本,以确定优选的输入功率(‘Pi*’)和优选的输入速度(‘Ni*’)和相关的优选的成本(‘P*cost’)。所述优选的输入功率(‘Pi*’)和优选的输入速度(‘Ni*’)包括候选的输入功率和候选的输入速度,这导致候选运行档位工况的最小动力成本。
图10示意性地表示在上述示例的动力传动系统中通过混合动力传动系统的动力流动和动力损失。具有从燃料存储系统9开始的第一动力流动路径,燃料存储系统9将燃料动力(‘PFUEL’)传送到发动机14,发动机14将输入功率(‘PI’)传送到变速器10。在第一动力流动路径中的动力损失包括发动机动力损失(‘PLOSS ENG’)。具有第二动力流动路径,其将来自ESD 74的电力(‘PBAT’)传送到TPIM 19,TPIM 19将电力(‘PINV ELEC’)传送到第一电机56和第二电机72,第一电机56和第二电机72将电动机机械动力(‘PMOTOR MECH’)传送到变速器10。在第二动力流动路径中的动力损失包括电池电力损失(‘PLOSS BAT’)和电动机动力损失(‘PLOSS MOTOR’)。该TPIM 19具有电力负荷(‘PHV LOAD’),在系统中用作电负荷(‘HV Loads’),可以包括低压电池存储系统(未示出)。变速器10在系统(‘Inertia Storage’)中具有机械惯性动力输入(‘PINERTIA’),最好包括来自发动机14和变速器10的惯性。变速器10具有机械动力损失(‘PLOSS MECH’)和动力输出(‘POUT’)。制动系统94具有制动动力损失(‘PLOSS BRAKE’),且剩余动力被传送到驱动系统而作为轮轴动力(‘PAXLE’)。
输入到成本函数450的动力成本基于涉及车辆驱动能力、燃油经济性、排放和电池使用的因素而确定。动力成本分派并与燃料和电力消耗相关,并与混合动力传动系统的特定运行点相关。较低的运行成本可以联系到高转化效率下的较低的燃料消费、较低的电池电流使用和没有发动机速度/负荷运行点的较低的排放,并考虑发动机14的候选运行状态。如上所述,动力成本可以包括发动机动力损失(‘PLOSS ENG’)、电动机动力损失(‘PLOSS MOTOR’)、电池电力损失(‘PLOSS BATT’)、制动动力损失(‘PLOSS BRAKE’)和机械动力损失(‘PLOSS MECH’),与混合动力传动系统在特定运行点上的运行相关,包括输入速度、电动机速度、输入转矩、马达转矩、变速器运行档位工况和发动机工况。
状态稳定和仲裁模块280选择优选的变速器运行档位工况(‘混合动力档位工况Des’),优选地是与从运行档位工况分析器260输出的允许的运行档位工况的最小优选成本相关联的变速器运行档位工况,考虑到了对变速器运行改变运行档位工况以实现稳定的动力传动系统运行的仲裁效果。该优选的输入速度(‘Ni_Des’)是与优选的发动机输入相关的发动机输入速度,所述发动机输入包括优选的发动机输入速度(‘Ni*’)、优选的发动机输入功率(‘Pi*’)和优选的发动机输入转矩(‘Ti*’),该输入转矩响应于并最好达到驾驶员对于选择的优选的运行档位工况的转矩请求。
图11示意性地表示被战术最优化控制方案310和策略控制方案330使用以确定动力损失成本PCOST(j)以用于迭代地选择候选动力传动系统运行点的成本函数450。该成本函数450为每个候选的动力传动系统运行点确定功率单位(例如,千瓦功率)下的运行成本。该成本函数450包括输入转矩成本函数508(‘输入转矩成本’)、离合器转矩成本函数510(‘离合器转矩成本’)、ESD成本函数512(‘能量存储设备成本’)、电机成本函数514(‘电机马达转矩成本’)和成本总和函数518。
输入转矩成本函数508确定用于运行发动机以实现候选的输入转矩TI(j)的发动机输入转矩动力成本PCOST_TI(j)。离合器转矩成本函数510确定与对应于候选的动力传动系统运行点(j)的变速器离合器转矩TCL(j)相关的离合器转矩动力成本PCOST_CL(j)。ESD成本函数512确定与对应于候选的动力传动系统运行点(j)的ESD输入功率PBAT(j)相关的ESD功率成本PCOST_PBAT(j)。电机成本函数514确定与对应于候选的动力传动系统运行点(j)的电机运行相关的电机成本PCOST_EM(j)。输入包括第一电机马达转矩TA(j),第二电机马达转矩TB(j),输入到第一电机的ESD 74输出功率PELEC_A(j),和输入到第二电机的ESD 74输出功率PELEC_B(j),每个对应于候选的动力传动系统运行点(j)。
图12示意性地表示ESD成本函数512的细节,以确定与候选的运行点ESD相关的功率成本PCOST_PBAT(j),包括成本乘数(‘Cost Multiplier’)确定函数550和ESD成本确定函数(‘ESD成本’)552。
成本乘数确定的输入包括ESD温度(‘TempBAT’)和用于候选的运行点的候选的电池功率PBAT(j)。该ESD温度(‘TempBAT’)优选地通过BPCM21监控,该ESD温度(‘TempBAT’)可以包括在单个位置监控到的温度,例如ESD 74内的电池处,或者是从ESD74内多个位置上监控到的多个温度的最小值、最大值、中值或平均值。而且,在可选的实施例中,该ESD成本函数512可以包括在ESD74的多个位置监控温度并基于每个温度确定成本乘数。尽管示例的ESD 74包括电池堆,在其他实施例中可以使用其他能量存储设备,例如超高电容器和液压能量存储设备。在一个实施例中,该成本乘数确定550包括查询表,该查询表基于ESD温度生成成本乘数。成本乘数通常随着ESD温度的升高而增加。在一个实施例中,成本乘数在温度低于第一门限温度时随着温度的升高而增加,在温度处于第一门限温度和第二门限温度之间时相对恒定,并从第二门限温度起随着温度的升高而增加。该ESD成本确定函数552将成本乘数与ESD输出功率相乘,以为候选的运行点确定ESD成本(‘PCOST_PBAT(j)’)。
再次参见图10,通过将变速器离合器转矩成本、发动机输入转矩成本、电机成本、ESD功率成本和其他未在图11中描述的成本相加,成本总和函数518(‘成本总和’)为每个动力传动系统运行点确定成本(‘PCOST(j)’)。
该成本函数450确定与运行发动机14和第一电机56、第二电机72相关的动力成本动力,以响应用于候选发动机工况和候选的变速器运行档位工况的输出转矩请求。当ESD温度小于优选的温度范围时,所述成本乘法器可以使ESD输出功率乘以小的数,例如小于1的数,以确定ESD成本,从而减小ESD成本。当ESD输出功率水平提高时,ESD温度通常升高,从而控制ESD温度水平在优选的温度范围内。当ESD温度大于优选的温度范围时,该成本乘法器可以使ESD输出功率乘以大的数,例如大于1的数,以确定ESD成本。当ESD输出功率水平减小时,ESD温度通常下降,从而控制ESD温度水平在优选的温度范围内。
本发明已经描述了某些优选的实施例及其改进。在阅读和理解本发明的基础上可以对其他的方式做进一步的改进和替代。因此,本发明意图理解为不限于作为实施本发明的最好方式而公开的专门实施例,而是包括所有落入后面的权利要求范围内的实施例。

Claims (20)

1、一种用于控制动力传动系统的方法,所述动力传动系统包括耦接于变速器设备的输入元件的发动机,以可操作地在输入元件和转矩装置和输出元件之间传递转矩,该转矩装置连接到能量存储设备,所述方法包括:
监控该能量存储设备的温度;
选择候选的动力传动系统运行点;
确定与该候选的动力传动系统运行点相关的来自该能量存储设备的输出功率;
为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定功率损失;和
结合该功率损失并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中监控该能量存储设备的温度包括在该能量存储设备内的多个位置监控温度。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
基于该能量存储设备的温度确定成本修正值;和
通过使来自该能量存储设备的输出功率乘以所述成本修正值而确定基于该能量存储设备的温度的运行成本。
4、根据权利要求3所述的方法,还包括:
为该能量存储设备确定优选的温度范围;和
基于该能量存储设备的温度与所述优选的温度范围的接近度而确定该成本修正值。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
迭代地选择候选的动力传动系统运行点;
结合来自所述能量存储设备的输出功率并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在每个候选的动力传动系统运行点上运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本;和
选择优选的动力传动系统运行点,该运行点包括具有用于运行该动力传动系统的最小运行成本的候选的动力传动系统运行点。
6、根据权利要求5所述的方法,还包括:
迭代地选择候选的发动机运行点;
结合该能量存储设备的输出功率并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在每个候选的发动机运行点上运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本;和
选择优选的发动机运行点,该运行点包括具有用于运行该动力传动系统的最小运行成本的该候选的发动机运行点。
7、根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括:
迭代地选择候选的发动机运行点,该运行点包括候选的发动机工况和候选的发动机输入功率;
结合该能量存储设备的输出功率并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在每个候选的发动机运行工况和候选的发动机输入功率上运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本;和
选择优选的发动机运行工况和发动机输入功率,其包括具有用于运行该动力传动系统的最小运行成本的所述候选的发动机运行工况和发动机输入功率。
8、根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中该候选的发动机工况包括供油的全缸发动机工况,不供油的停缸发动机工况,不供油的全缸发动机工况,和不供油的停缸发动机工况。
9、根据权利要求5所述的方法,还包括:
迭代地选择变速器运行档位工况;
结合该能量存储设备的输出功率并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在每个候选的变速器运行档位工况上运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本;和
选择优选的变速器运行档位工况,该变速器运行档位工况包括具有用于运行该动力传动系统的最小运行成本的该候选的变速器运行档位工况。
10、根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中该候选的变速器运行档位工况包括固定档位的运行档位工况和无级变速的运行档位工况。
11、一种用于控制动力传动系统的方法,所述动力传动系统包括耦接于变速器设备的输入元件的发动机,以可操作地在输入元件和第一、第二电机和输出元件之间传递转矩,所述第一、第二电机连接到能量存储设备,所述方法包括:
监控该能量存储设备的温度;
选择候选的动力传动系统运行点;
确定与该候选的动力传动系统运行点相关的来自该能量存储设备的输出功率;
为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本;和
结合该能量存储设备的输出功率并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在该候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本。
12、根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中监控该能量存储设备的温度包括在该能量存储设备内的多个位置监控温度。
13、根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括:
基于该能量存储设备的温度确定成本修正值;和
通过使该能量存储设备的输出功率乘以该成本修正值而确定基于该能量存储设备的温度的运行成本。
14、根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括:
为该能量存储设备确定优选的温度范围;和
基于该能量存储设备的温度与该优选的温度范围的接近度而确定该成本修正值。
15、根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中该候选的动力传动系统运行点包括候选的发动机运行点和候选的变速器运行档位工况中的至少一个。
16、根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中该候选的发动机运行点包括候选的发动机工况、候选的发动机速度、候选的发动机转矩和候选的发动机功率中的至少一个。
17、根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中当该变速器设备在固定档位模式时,该候选的发动机运行点包括发动机转矩。
18、根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中当该变速器设备在无级变速模式时,该候选的发动机运行点包括发动机功率和发动机速度。
19、一种用于控制动力传动系统的方法,所述动力传动系统包括耦接于变速器设备的输入元件的发动机,以可操作地在输入元件和第一、第二电机和输出元件之间传递转矩,所述第一、第二电机连接到能量存储设备,所述方法包括:
监控该能量存储设备的温度;
迭代地选择候选的动力传动系统运行点;
确定与每个候选的动力传动系统运行点相关的该能量存储设备的输出功率;
结合该能量存储设备的输出功率并基于该能量存储设备的温度为在每个候选的动力传动系统运行点运行的该动力传动系统确定运行成本;
选择优选的动力传动系统运行点,该运行点包括具有用于运行该动力传动系统的最小运行成本的该候选的发动机运行点;和
基于该优选的动力传动系统运行点控制该动力传动系统的运行。
20、根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中该候选的动力传动系统运行点包括候选的发动机工况、候选的发动机功率和候选的变速器运行档位工况。
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