CN101518476A - 可调节限制装置中的压力控制 - Google Patents

可调节限制装置中的压力控制 Download PDF

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CN101518476A
CN101518476A CN200910118534A CN200910118534A CN101518476A CN 101518476 A CN101518476 A CN 101518476A CN 200910118534 A CN200910118534 A CN 200910118534A CN 200910118534 A CN200910118534 A CN 200910118534A CN 101518476 A CN101518476 A CN 101518476A
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CN101518476B (zh
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J·A·科
T·E·亚当斯
M·D·奥弗迈耶
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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Abstract

本发明涉及可调节限制装置中的压力控制,更具体地涉及用于调节液压限制系统的方法和装置。一般说来,所述方法和装置可允许使用流动控制机构非侵入地进行压力控制。流动控制机构可设置在可植入限制装置与流体源之间,并包括可调节的变化尺寸的流体连通构件,该流体连通构件与限制装置和流体源流体连通。流体连通构件的几何形状可控制限制装置与流体源之间的流体流速,从而也调节限制装置中的流体压力改变的速度。作为替代,流体流动控制装置可包括偏压机构,该偏压机构可控制限制装置与流体源之间的流体流速。

Description

可调节限制装置中的压力控制
技术领域
本发明涉及可植入限制装置,具体涉及用于限制系统中的流体压力控制的方法和装置。
背景技术
特别是在美国,随着肥胖人数持续增加,并且所知道的肥胖对健康的负面影响越来越多,肥胖变得越来越受到关注。人的体重超过理想体重100磅或者更多的病理性肥胖尤其引起严重健康问题的极大风险。因此,大量的注意力被聚焦到治疗肥胖患者上。治疗病理性肥胖的一种方法是围绕胃的上部设置限制装置,诸如细长的束带。胃束带典型地包括具有固定端点的填充了流体的弹性囊,该囊紧邻食道-胃结合部的下部围绕胃,以便在束带上方形成小的胃袋并在胃中形成减小了的人造口。当流体注入囊中时,束带抵靠胃膨胀,从而在胃中形成食物摄取限制部分或者人造口。为了减少这种限制,将流体从束带中去除。束带的作用是减小可利用的胃的容积,并由此在变得“饱胀”之前减少可被消耗掉的食物量。
使用上述食物限制装置的每一种进行安全有效的处理都要求所述装置被有规律地监测并调节以改变施加到胃上的限制程度。使用束带装置,在最初植入之后束带上方的胃袋的尺寸显著增加。因此,胃中的人造口最初必须被形成得大到足以使患者能够接收充足养分,同时胃能够适应束带装置。随着胃袋尺寸增加,束带可被调节以改变人造口的尺寸。另外,需要改变人造口的尺寸以便适应患者身体或者治疗状况的变化,或者在更紧急的情况下,减轻梗阻或者严重食管扩张。传统地,调节液压胃束带要求在休伯针和注射器被用于穿刺患者皮肤并经注射端口将流体加入到囊中或者从囊中除去期间按照规定看医生。最近,已经发展了能够以非侵入方式调节束带的可植入泵。外部程序装置使用遥感技术与植入的泵通信,以便对泵进行控制。在按照规定看医生期间,医生将程序装置的手持部分放置在胃植入物附近并将功率信号和命令信号传递给植入物。植入物又调节束带中的流体水平并将响应命令传递给程序装置。虽然这种泵是有效的,但它们需要功率来进行操作,为使泵正确地工作并得到保持就要求患者拜访医生。
因此,需要用于调节液压限制系统的方法和装置,特别是用于调节限制装置和流体源之间的流体流速的方法和装置,其优选不使用功率进行工作。
发明内容
本发明总体提供了用于调节液压限制系统的方法和装置。在一种实施方式中,提供了一种用于在患者体内形成限制的限制系统,该限制系统包括可植入限制装置,其被构造成在通道中形成作为容纳在限制装置中的流体体积的函数的限制。所述系统还包括可调节的流动控制机构,其与限制装置流体连通并被构造成限制流到和流出限制装置的流体的流速。
在一种实施方式中,可调节的流动控制机构可具有限制流到和流出限制装置的流体流速的几何形状。流动控制机构可以在多个固定位置之间调节,使得几何形状的体积增加使流体流速增加,几何形状的体积减小降低流体流速。流体控制机构的几何形状可被调节,例如通过线性运动调节。在一些实施方式中,几何形状限定了限制装置与包括在系统中的流体容器之间的流体流速。
流动控制机构可具有各种构造。例如,流动控制机构可包括设置在外壳中并与限制装置流体连通的柔性管。柔性管的几何形状可通过改变外壳中的流体量来调节。在一些实施方式中,外壳与可植入端口流体连通,并且外壳中的流体量可通过该可植入端口来改变。作为另一种例子,流动控制机构可包括与限制装置流体连通的通道,其中通道的几何形状被构造成通过调节通道中的阻塞机构来调节。作为又一种例子,流动控制机构可包括多孔膜。
在其他方面,流动控制机构可包括设置在填充流体的外壳中的多孔构件。外壳中的流体可被设置成调节经过外壳的多孔构件的运动速度,从而调节流到和流出限制装置的流体流速。在示例性实施方式中,多孔构件连接到与限制装置流体连通的流体源,使多孔构件经过填充流体的外壳的运动有效地引起流体在流体源与限制装置之间流动。流动控制机构可通过调节填充流体的外壳中的流体的粘度和/或改变与多孔构件连接的偏压机构的偏压力来调节。
在另一种实施方式中,限制系统包括可植入限制装置,其可容纳流体并在通道中形成与限制装置中的流体量对应的限制。流体源可与限制装置流体连通以便接收来自限制装置的流体以减少限制,和用于将流体输送到限制装置以增加限制。系统可进一步包括设置在限制装置与流体源之间的可调节的流动控制机构,其可调节流体源与限制装置之间的流体的流速。
流动控制机构可具有多种构造。例如,流动控制机构可具有可在至少两个位置之间调节的直径以调节流体的流速。增大直径可使流体的流速增加,减小直径可使流体的流速减小。作为另一个例子,流动控制机构可包括设置在外壳中并具有限制流体的流速的直径的柔性管。柔性管的直径可通过改变外壳中流体的量来调节。在一些实施方式中,外壳与可植入端口流体连通,并且外壳中的流体量可通过该端口来改变。作为又一种例子,流动控制机构可包括多孔膜。
流体源也可具有多种构造。例如,流体源可包括加压流体容器,并且流动控制机构的固定直径可限制加压流体容器与限制装置之间的流体流速。当限制装置中的压力超过流体容器中的压力时,流体可以流动控制机构的固定直径限制的速度从限制装置流动、经过流动控制机构到达流体容器。加压流体容器还可具有各种构造。在一些实施方式中,加压流体容器包括与流动控制机构流体连通的腔和被构造成将偏压力施加到腔中的流体上的机构。
在其他方面,提供了一种在患者体内形成限制的方法。所述方法包括:植入限制装置,在通道中形成与限制装置中的流体体积相应的限制。限制装置以由与限制装置和流体源流体连通并设置在二者之间的流动控制机构的直径限定的流速接收来自流体源的流体和将流体输送到流体源。流动控制机构的几何形状可被调节以调节流速。增加几何形状可增大流速,减小几何形状可减小流速。在一些实施方式中,流动控制机构可包括设置在流体腔中的柔性管,柔性管的几何形状可通过改变流体腔中的流体量来调节。
本发明具体地包括以下内容:
(1)、一种用于在患者体内形成限制的限制系统,包括:
可植入的限制装置,其被构造成在通道中形成作为容纳在所述限制装置中的流体体积的函数的限制;和
可调节的流动控制机构,其与所述限制装置流体连通并被构造成限定流到和流出所述限制装置的流体流速。
(2)、根据第(1)项所述的系统,其中,所述可调节的流动控制机构具有限定流到和流出所述限制装置的流体流速的可调节的几何形状。
(3)、根据第(2)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构能够在多个固定位置之间调节,其中所述几何形状的体积增加使流体流速增加,所述几何形状的体积减小使流体流速降低。
(4)、根据第(2)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括设置在外壳中并与所述限制装置流体连通的柔性管,其中所述柔性管的几何形状被构造成通过改变所述外壳中的流体量来调节,从而调节流体的流速。
(5)、根据第(4)项所述的系统,其中,所述外壳与可植入的端口流体连通,并且所述外壳中的流体量被设置成通过所述端口来改变。
(6)、根据第(2)项所述的系统,还包括流体容器,其中所述几何形状限制所述限制装置与所述流体容器之间的流体流速。
(7)、根据第(2)项所述的系统,其中,所述几何形状包括直径。
(8)、根据第(2)项所述的系统,其中,所述流体控制机构的几何形状被构造成通过线性运动调节。
(9)、根据第(2)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括与所述限制装置流体连通的通道,其中所述通道的几何形状被构造成通过调节阻塞机构在所述通道中的量来调节。
(10)、根据第(1)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括多孔膜。
(11)、根据第(1)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括设置在填充流体的外壳中的多孔构件,其中所述外壳中的流体被设置成调节所述多孔构件经过所述外壳的运动速度,从而调节流到和流出所述限制装置的流体流速。
(12)、根据第(11)项所述的系统,其中,所述多孔构件连接到与所述限制装置流体连通的流体源,使所述多孔构件经过所述填充流体的外壳的运动有效地引起流体在所述流体源与所述限制装置之间流动。
(13)、一种限制系统,包括:
可植入的限制装置,其能够容纳流体并在通道中形成与所述限制装置中的流体量对应的限制;
流体源,其与所述限制装置流体连通以用于接收来自所述限制装置的流体以减少限制并用于将流体输送到所述限制装置以增加限制;和
可调节的流动控制机构,其设置在所述限制装置与所述流体源之间,并被构造成调节所述流体源与所述限制装置之间的流体的流速。
(14)、根据第(13)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构具有能够在至少两个位置之间调节的直径以调节流体的流速。
(15)、根据第(14)项所述的系统,其中,增大所述直径使流体的流速增加,减小所述直径使流体的流速减小。
(16)、根据第(14)项所述的系统,还包括加压流体容器,其中,所述直径限定所述加压流体容器与所述限制装置之间的流体的流速。
(17)、根据第(16)项所述的系统,其中,所述加压流体容器包括与所述流动控制机构流体连通的腔和被构造成将偏压力施加到所述腔中的流体的机构。
(18)、根据第(16)项所述的系统,其中,当所述限制装置中的压力超过所述流体容器中的压力时,流体以由固定直径限定的速度从所述限制装置流动并经过所述流动控制机构到达所述流体容器。
(19)、根据第(13)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括设置在外壳中并具有限制流体流速的直径的柔性管,其中所述柔性管的直径被构造成通过改变所述外壳中的流体量来调节。
(20)、根据第(19)项所述的系统,其中,所述外壳与可植入的端口流体连通并且所述外壳中的流体量被设置成通过所述端口来改变。
(21)、根据第(13)项所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括多孔膜。
(22)、一种在患者体内形成限制的方法,包括:
植入限制装置,以便在通道中形成与所述限制装置中的流体体积对应的限制,所述限制装置以由流动控制机构的几何形状限定的流速接收来自流体源的流体和将流体输送到所述流体源,所述流动控制机构与所述限制装置和所述流体源流体连通并设置在二者之间。
(23)、根据第(22)项所述的方法,还包括调节所述流动控制机构的几何形状以调节流速。
(24)、根据第(23)项所述的方法,其中,增加所述几何形状以调节所述流动控制机构的直径并增大流速。
(25)、根据第(23)项所述的方法,其中,减小所述几何形状以调节所述流动控制机构的直径并减小流速。
(26)、根据第(23)项所述的方法,其中,所述流动控制机构包括设置在流体腔中的柔性管,其中调节所述柔性管的几何形状包括改变所述流体腔中的流体量。
附图说明
通过下列结合附图的详细描述可更全面地理解本发明,在附图中:
图1A是食物摄入限制系统的一种实施方式的示意图;
图1B是图1A的食物摄入限制系统的示意性透视图;
图2A是图1A的食物摄入限制装置的胃束带的透视图;
图2B是应用到患者的胃食管结合部周围的图2A的胃束带的示意图;
图3A是可在图1B的食物摄入限制系统中使用的流体源的一种实施方式的示意图;
图3B是可在图1B的食物摄入限制系统中使用的流体源的另一种实施方式的示意图;
图3C是可在图1B的食物摄入限制系统中使用的流体源的再一种实施方式的示意图;
图3D是可在图1B的食物摄入限制系统中使用的流体源的还一种实施方式的示意图;
图4是图1B的食物摄入限制系统的注射端口外壳的一种实施方式的透视图;
图5是可在图1A的食物摄入限制系统中使用的流动控制机构的一种实施方式的示意图;
图6是图5的流动控制机构的流体连通构件的剖视图;
图7是具有直径增大的流体连通构件的图5的流动控制机构的示意图;
图8是具有直径减小的流体连通构件的图5的流动控制机构的示意图;
图9是具有直径减小且长度增加的流体连通构件的图5的流动控制机构的示意图;
图10是具有直径增大且长度减小的流体连通构件的图5的流动控制机构的示意图;
图11是可被包括在图5的流动控制机构中的流体连通构件的替代实施方式的剖视图;
图12是可在图1A的食物摄入限制系统中使用的流动控制机构的另一种实施方式的示意图;
图13是图12的流动控制机构的变型的示意图;
图14是可在图1A的食物摄入限制系统中使用的流动控制机构的再一种实施方式的示意图;
图15是图14的流动控制机构的放大示意图;
图16是在休眠阶段(dormant stage)中使用的食物摄入限制系统的示意图;
图17是图16的食物摄入限制系统在图16的休眠阶段之后的加力阶段(force stage)中使用的示意图;
图18是图16的食物摄入限制系统在图17的加力阶段之后使用的示意图;
图19A是在使用中的另一种食物摄入限制系统的示意图;和
图19B是图19A的食物摄入限制系统的替代方案的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在将描述一些示例性实施方式以提供对本文中公开的装置和方法的结构、功能、制造以及用途的原理的全面理解。这些实施方式的一个或多个例子在附图中示出。本领域普通技术人员将会理解,在本文中特别描述并在附图中示出的装置和方法都是非限制性的示例性实施方式,本发明的范围仅仅由权利要求书来限定。结合一种示例性实施方式示出或描述的特征可与其他实施方式的特征组合。这种修改和变化也都包含在本发明的范围内。
本发明总体提供了用于调节液压限制系统的方法和装置。一般说来,所述方法和装置可允许使用设置在可植入限制装置与流体源之间的流动控制机构非侵入地进行压力控制。流动控制机构可包括与限制装置以及流体源流体连通的可调节的流体连通构件。在一些实施方式中,流体连通构件的几何形状可控制限制装置与流体源之间的流体流速,从而还可调节在限制装置中的流体压力改变的速度。使用流动控制机构可提供对限制装置中的流体压力的时控调节,因为流体连通构件的几何形状越大,流体在限制装置与流体源之间流动得越快,而流体连通构件的几何形状越小,流体在限制装置与流体源之间流动得越慢。换言之,流动控制机构可提供对限制装置中的流体压力的延时控制调节,所述限制装置可被构造成更快(例如具有更大的几何形状)或者更慢(例如具有更小的几何形状)地响应于限制装置功能或者患者生理学的至少一个参数,该参数作为食物摄入或者其他患者生理状态的函数而变化。这样,流动控制机构可在限制装置中长期提供更稳定的压力。由于流动控制机构可防止流体立即流进或者流出限制装置,在限制装置中的临时或者短时间变化的影响减小或消失之前,限制装置和/或患者体内的临时或者短时间的变化(例如在进食过程中由于食物的存在和吞咽过程中蠕动波的存在,限制装置压力增大)不必然导致限制装置中的流体的显著增加或减少。在其他实施方式中,偏压机构(诸如用于限制用来驱动流体源与限制装置之间的流体的致动器和/或与致动器连接的弹簧的运动的填充流体的外壳)可控制限制装置与流体源之间的流体流速。流动控制机构的使用还可机械地调节限制装置中的压力变化速度,而无需使用需要被供以功率以在延长的时间段工作的任何电子元件。
虽然本发明可被用于本领域已知的多种限制系统,但是在示例性实施方式中所述装置和方法被用于胃限制装置。虽然多种类型的胃限制装置是已知的,包括基于电子、机械和/或流体的装置,为参考目的在这里公开的装置和方法结合基于流体的胃限制装置的多种实施方式进行讨论,如在Dlugos等人(此后称为“Dlugos”)于2006年3月7日提交的题为“Non-Invasive Pressure Measurement In A FluidAdjustable Restrictive Device”的共同拥有的美国专利公开US2006/0211913中公开的那些,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含在本申请中。本领域技术人员将会理解,这里公开的方法和装置不是想要限制为与任何特定的限制装置一起使用。
图1A-1B示出了可植入限制系统100的一种实施方式。如图所示,可植入限制系统100一般包括限制装置,例如可调节胃束带,其被构造成围绕患者的胃140的上部定位以接收流体,并在通道中形成与包含在其中的流体量对应的限制。限制系统100还包括压力控制机构130和例如经导管150(其可由一个或多个元件形成)流体连接在胃束带120和压力控制机构130之间的流体流动控制机构160。压力控制机构130被构造成控制引入到包括在限制系统100中的一个或多个元件的流体和从其中除去流体,从而调节胃束带120的尺寸,由此调节施加到胃140的压力。流动控制机构160被构造成调节压力控制机构130与胃束带120之间的流体的流速,从而调节压力变化速度。虽然流动控制机构160可设置在任何地方以控制输送到胃束带120和流出胃束带120的流体的速度,但在图示的实施方式中导管150包括连接在胃束带120与流动控制机构160之间的第一部分,和连接在流动控制机构160与压力控制机构130之间的第二部分。各种构造都是可能的,包括其中一个或多个另外的元件流体连接在胃束带120、压力控制机构130、流动控制机构160的任意部分之间的构造,并且任何已知的限制系统或装置都可被用于本发明。
图2A更详细地显示了胃束带120。虽然胃束带120可具有多种构造,并且本领域已知的各种胃束带都可被用于本发明,在图示的实施方式中胃束带120具有大致细长形状,并带有具有第一端部120a和相对的第二端部120b的支撑结构122,所述支撑结构122可形成环,使端部彼此连接。各种配合技术可被用于将端部120a、120b彼此连接起来。在图示的实施方式中,端部120a、120b为配合在一起的条带的形式,并且一个叠置于另一个顶部上。支撑结构可被包括在胃束带120的一端上,并且其可具有开口,胃束带120的另一端可穿过该开口将两个端部彼此连接。胃束带120还可包括可变体积构件,诸如可膨胀囊124,该可变体积构件设置在支撑结构122的内侧上或在内侧上形成,并被构造成与组织邻近定位。囊124可相对于胃的外壁膨胀或者收缩,从而形成可调节人造口以便可控制地限制食物摄入到胃中。囊124可接收流体而膨胀和释放流体而收缩。囊中的流体量可与由胃束带120形成的限制大小对应。因此,胃束带120中的流体调节可被用于控制由胃束带120形成的限制大小。
本领域技术人员将会理解,胃束带120可具有各种其他构造。此外在本文中公开的各种方法和装置都可等同应用于其他类型的可植入束带。例如,束带被用于治疗大便失禁,如同在美国专利US6461292中描述的那样,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含在本申请中。束带还可被用于治疗小便失禁,如同在公开号为US2003/0105385的美国专利申请中描述的那样,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含在本身请中。束带还可被用于治疗胃灼热和/或返酸,如同在美国专利US6470892中公开的那样,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含在本身请中。束带还可被用于治疗阳痿,如同在公开号为US2003/0114729的美国专利申请中描述的那样,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含在本身请中。
图2B显示了围绕患者的胃食管结合部应用的可调节胃束带120。如图所示,胃束带120至少大体上围绕胃140的与患者食管142的结合部附近的上部。在胃束带120优选在其中含有少量或者不含流体的收缩构型中被植入后,胃束带120可(例如使用生理盐水)被膨胀,以缩小人造口开口的尺寸。本领域技术人员将会理解,多种技术,包括在下面公开的那些技术,都可被用于调节由胃束带120形成的限制大小。
限制系统100还可任选地包括一个或多个传感器,用于感测与系统100有关的一种或多种参数,诸如系统100的封闭流体流路中的流体压力。虽然Dlugos公开了压力读取装置,但传感器可以是用于感测系统100的各种参数或者置于系统100之外的任何感测装置。感测装置还可具有各种构造,并且其可与限制系统100连接或者定位在限制系统100中的任何地方。除了感测封闭系统中流体压力之外,食管142、胃140或者其他体腔中流体的压力都可使用传感器(诸如内镜式压力计)来感测。作为非限制性的例子,所述流体压力测量可与系统100中压力调节之前、过程中和/或之后系统100内测量的流体压力来比较。对于食管142、胃140或者其他体腔中的测量压力的其他合适用途对于本领域技术人员来说都是可以理解的。在需要时,传感器还可被构造成测量各种其他生理参数。
图1B更详细地示出了限制系统100。如图所示,流动控制机构160包括流动控制外壳170,并任选地包括与控制外壳170(例如经导管150)流体连通的可植入流体注射端口180。控制外壳170还与胃束带120流体连通,并与包括在压力控制机构130中的流体源132(例如经导管150)流体连通。
压力控制机构130可具有各种构造。一般地,压力控制机构130可被构造成通过控制胃束带120与流体源132之间的流体流动来调节胃束带120中的流体压力。压力控制机构130可包括如图1B中所示的流体源132,但流体源132可以是包括在系统100中并位于压力控制机构130之外的独立元件。压力控制机构130的一种示例性实施方式包括被构造成响应于作用在束带上的流体压力来调节胃束带120中的流体压力的流体逻辑系统,诸如在2007年12月27日提交的题为“Fluid Logic For Regulating Restriction Devices”的共同拥有的美国专利申请US11/965,334中更详细公开的流体逻辑系统,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含于本申请中。压力控制机构130的另一种示例性实施方式包括瞬间压力控制机构,其被构造成可控制地将流体从流体源(例如流体源132)释放到胃束带120中以帮助保持胃束带120中的所需流体压力,诸如在2007年12月27日提交的题为“Controlling Pressure In Adjustable Restriction Devices”的共同拥有的美国专利申请US 11/965,331中更详细公开的瞬间压力控制机构,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含于本申请中。压力控制机构130的再一种实施方式包括基本恒力机构,其被构造成保持胃束带120中的流体的基本恒定压力,其中胃束带120中的流体量与由胃束带120施加的限制大小对应,如在2007年12月27日提交的题为“Constant Force Mechanisms For Regulating Restriction Devices”的共同拥有的美国专利申请US11/965,322中更详细公开的基本恒力机构,该文献的内容通过全文引用而包含于本申请中。本领域技术人员将会理解,其他压力控制机构也可被用作压力控制机构130,并且如上所述,流体源132可定位在压力控制机构130的外部。
流体源132可具有各种构造,如下面进一步讨论的那样,并且限制系统100可包括任意数目的流体源。例如,流体源132可以是通过导管(例如导管150)或者其他连接器与流动控制机构160连接的刚性或柔性外壳的形式。加压流体容器可以是低压容器、恒压容器、高压容器或者其各种组合。压力还可从低到高等变化。示例性的加压流体容器在前述2007年12月27日提交的题为“Fluid LogicFor Regulating Restriction Devices”的美国专利申请US11/965,334中更详细公开。作为另一个例子,流体源132可以包括人体(例如胃、腹膜、肺、通过渗透产生的生理盐水、细胞内液、血液等)。导管或者其他通道可从流动控制机构160延伸到需要获得和/或释放流体的体内位置。作为另一个例子,流体源132可包括泵系统(例如正排量泵和离心泵),诸如在前述2007年12月27日提交的题为“Controlling Pressure In Adjustable Restriction Devices”的美国专利申请US11/965,331中更详细公开的那些。作为再一种例子,流体源132可包括恒力机构,诸如在前述2007年12月27日提交的题为“Constant Force Mechanisms For Regulating Restriction Devices”的美国专利申请US11/965,322中更详细公开的那些。流体源132还可或者替代地被包括在端口180中或者另一个类似的端口中。另外,如果流体源132不设置在端口中,其可以通过或者不通过导管或者其他连接器与端口流体连通,以允许流体被引入到流体源132中和从流体源132中抽出。
在示例性实施方式中,流体源132可包括包含在外壳中的至少一个加压流体容器。压力可使用本领域已知的各种技术产生,包括在这里公开并在下面详细讨论的各种技术。包含在外壳中的最大流体量可以是足以充满胃束带120和设置在胃束带120与流体源132之间的任何连接元件(诸如导管150、流动控制机构160、压力控制机构130等)的流体体积。流体源132中的流体压力P1可被设置成当胃束带120休眠时(例如当患者没有进食或者饮水时)允许胃束带120中的流体压力P2处于或者大体在其最大压力水平附近。流体源132中的流体压力P1还可被设置成当胃束带120没有休眠时(例如当患者进食或者饮水时)使压力控制机构130允许流体从胃束带120向着流体源132流动,因为胃束带120中的压力P2将超过流体源132中的压力P1。类似地,当力(例如来自吞咽的蠕动脉冲)停止作用于胃束带120上时,胃束带120中的压力P2可低于流体源132中的压力P1,并且压力控制机构130可允许流体从流体源132向着胃束带120流动。流体源132中的压力P1可被固定或者调节。
流体源132可具有各种形状、尺寸和构造。图3A-3D显示了加压流体源132的各种实施方式。在图3A中示出的实施方式中,流体源300一般包括外壳302(例如刚性容积),外壳302具有被分成具有相反关系的两个室(即被构造成具有设置在其中的偏压元件的偏压室304和被构造成容纳流体的流体室306)的内腔。外壳302可具有各种形状和尺寸,但在图示的实施方式中外壳302大体上为圆柱形。室304、306可通过可运动的移动面308分隔开。在图示的实施方式中,作用于移动面308上的力可包括由流体室306中的流体引起的沿着朝向移动面308和外壳的近端309的方向的力F流体,和由与移动面308连接的偏压机构310引起的沿着朝着移动面308和外壳的远端311的方向的力F偏压。如图所示,偏压机构310被构造成将移动面308向着外壳的远端311偏压并由此形成加压流体源300。一般说来,沿着相反方向向着外壳的近端309偏压该偏压机构310可将流体源300偏压作为高压容器。当胃束带120中的压力变化时,由于流体室306中的力F流体相应地发生变化,移动面308可相应地运动。例如,当胃束带120中的流体压力P2响应于患者解剖结构的任何生理状态等(例如在进食之后)降低时,偏压机构310的偏压力F偏压将比由胃束带120中的流体施加到流体室306上的力大,因此移动面308将向着外壳的远端311运动(例如增加偏压构件304的尺寸并减小流体室306的尺寸)。这将允许流体从流体源300向着胃束带120流动,从而增加胃束带120中的流体的压力P2。当压力P2增加时,由胃束带120中的流体施加到流体室306上的力将克服偏压力F偏压而使移动面308向着关闭位置返回运动。
偏压机构310可包括被构造成偏压移动面308的任何数目的构件,但在图示的实施方式中,偏压机构310为弹簧,其以弹簧的一端与外壳302的内表面连接,以弹簧的第二端与移动面308连接。移动面308可具有各种构造,该构造允许由流体室306中的流体形成的力F流体被传递到偏压机构310。另外,偏压机构310可拆卸和/或可调节,以改变作用于流体上的力F偏压的大小。当偏压机构310为弹簧时,流体源132的压力限可通过改变被使用的弹簧类型来改变(至少可以改变弹簧常数),和/或通过改变被使用的弹簧长度来改变。图3B示出了流体源312的另一种实施方式,其中与偏压室304中的偏压机构为弹簧不同,偏压机构包括热动力饱和状态下的流体314。
流体室306可包括被构造成容纳流体并偏压移动面308的任意数目的元件。在图3A和3B中显示的实施方式中,流体自由设置在流体室306(例如容纳在外壳302的内表面中)内。在图3C中显示的另一种实施方式中,流体源320类似于图3A的流体源300,但图3C的流体源320包括具有单室的内腔324(因此没有由移动面分隔的室)的外壳322。内腔324包括可膨胀囊(例如波纹管326)和设置在腔中的偏压机构328。波纹管326被构造成容纳流体并与包括在限制系统100中的其他元件(例如流动控制机构160、胃束带120等)流体连通。在该实施方式中偏压机构328为弹簧,弹簧的一端与外壳322的内表面连接,弹簧的第二端与波纹管326的外表面连接。图3D示出了与图3C中的流体源320类似的流体源330的另一种实施方式,包括具有单室的内腔324的外壳322,所述内腔324具有设置在其中的可膨胀囊,例如波纹管336。与图3B的流体源312类似,流体源330还包括设置在外壳322中的热动力溶液形式的流体338,该流体338用作偏压机构。
图1B的流动控制机构160也可具有各种构造。一般说来,控制外壳170包括具有流体通道的流体连通构件(例如柔性管),所述流体通道具有限定经过控制外壳170的流体的流速并由此限定胃束带120与流体源132之间的流速的几何形状。控制外壳的流体通道的几何形状可在多个固定位置之间被调节(见下面进一步的讨论),从而允许胃束带120与流体源132之间的固定但可调节的流速。
流动控制机构160(例如控制外壳170和任选的端口180)可具有任何构造、尺寸和形状,并可由任何类型和任意材料的组合制成,优选为适用于体内的生物相容性材料,诸如聚合物、生物相容性金属(例如不锈钢和钛),以及其他类似类型的材料。控制外壳170可以是刚性或柔性的,并可由刚性和柔性材料的任意组合制成,但在下面进一步的讨论中,控制外壳170优选具有刚性顶面和底面以及刚性周壁,而设置在控制外壳170中的流体连通构件优选为柔性的。控制外壳170可具有任何形状。控制外壳170可进一步包括两个或多个导管连接构件,该导管连接构件与包括在系统100中的各种元件(例如胃束带120、压力控制机构130和端口180)流体连通,并且被构造成连接到导管(例如导管150)或其他连接器。
控制外壳170可任选地与调节机构(例如端口180)连接,所述端口可被用于调节控制外壳170(将在下面进一步描述)中的流体连通构件的直径。控制外壳170和端口180为经导管150流体连通的独立的元件,但在一些实施方式中,控制外壳170和端口180可被包括在单个外壳中。端口180可被构造成允许流体被引入到包括在限制系统100中的一个或多个元件中和从一个或多个元件中除去,在该例子中一个或多个元件包括控制外壳170。端口180由此可被植入在可经过组织接近的体内位置处。典型地,注射端口被定位在患者腹部皮肤和脂肪层下面的侧向肋下区域中。医生还典型地将注射端口植入在患者的胸骨上。一般说来,当流体被引入端口180和从端口180除去时,流体可分别被引入到控制外壳170中和从外壳170中除去,从而调节控制外壳170内的流体连通构件的直径。
端口180也可具有各种构造,并且其可任选地被设置在系统100中以允许流体或者其他材料被引入到系统100的各个元件中,诸如胃束带120、流动控制机构160和/或一个或多个流体源中。在图4中显示的一种实施方式中,端口180具有大致圆柱形的外壳,该外壳具有远侧面或底面和从底面向近侧延伸并限定了近侧开口182的周壁。近侧开口182可包括延伸过该开口并为在端口的外壳中形成的流体源或者容器(在图4中不可见)提供进口的针穿刺隔膜184。隔膜184优选设置在足够近的位置,以使容器的深度足以暴露给针(诸如休伯针)的开放尖端,使得流体传递可以发生。隔膜184优选被设置成使其在由针穿刺并且在针退出后将自密封。如同在图4中进一步显示的那样,端口180可进一步包括与容器流体连通并被构造成连接到导管(例如导管150)的导管连接构件186。本领域技术人员将会理解,端口外壳可由任意数目的材料制成,优选为生物相容性材料,诸如不锈钢、钛或者聚合物材料,并且隔膜184可同样由任意数目的材料制成,优选生物相容性材料,包括硅树脂。
如上所述,控制外壳170可具有各种构造,但图5示出了流动控制外壳170的一种示例性实施方式,其具有主体172,该主体具有内腔178,所述内腔具有设置在其中的流体管道174。图示的流体管道174为细长管状体的形式,具有纵向延伸穿过管道的内部通道176,流体可流经该通道,但流体管道174可具有任何构造。此外,流体管道174可具有任何尺寸和形状,并可由任何(优选为生物相容性)材料制成,但其优选由允许调节其几何形状(诸如其尺寸,例如体积或直径和/或形状)的柔性材料制成。
一般说来,流体管道174被构造成与胃束带120和流体源132流体连通,并具有可在两个或多个固定位置之间调节的直径D。在该实施方式中直径D限定了流体管道174的内径,如图6中所示。流体管道174的横截面被显示为大体为圆形,但流体管道174可具有任意的横截面形状,例如椭圆形、矩形、正方形、“D”形等。流体管道174的形状确定了流经控制外壳170的流体的速度,更大的直径D对应于更快的流速(例如每秒更高的流体体积流动),更小的直径D对应更慢的流速(例如每秒更小的流体体积流动)。换言之,调节流体管道174的直径D可增加或降低内部通道176的尺寸(例如容积),并因此增加或降低在一段时间内可流经控制外壳170的流体的体积。经过流体管道174的流速Q一般可表示如下,其中L等于流体管道的纵向长度,P1等于流体源132中的流体压力,P2等于胃束带120中的流体压力:
Q ∝ D L ( P 1 - P 2 )
直径D可沿着流体管道174的长度L变化(将下面的详细讨论),但如图5所示,流体管道174处于平衡位置,其中直径D沿着流体管道的长度L基本恒定。换言之,在平衡位置中,流体管道174的直径D基本上等于将流动控制机构160与胃束带120以及流体源132连接的导管150的直径DC,使得在使用时流动控制机构160有效地用作导管150的一部分,并且与流经导管150(连接流动控制机构160与胃束带120以及流体源132)的流体流速相比,基本上不增加或降低流经控制外壳170的流体的流速。在这种情况下,导管的直径DC为与流体管道直径D恰当对应的导管内径。
流体管道的直径D可以各种方式调节,但在一些示例性实施方式中,直径D的尺寸可通过将流体引入主体172的内腔178和从内腔178中除去来调节。换言之,取决于设置在内腔178(流体管道174外部)中的流体量,设置在内腔178中的流体管道174可被允许或多或少地在内腔178中具有膨胀空间。无论主体172是由刚性材料还有由柔性材料制成,内腔178可具有能够保持有限量的流体(例如空气、水、生理盐水等)的内部区域。当流体被加入到内腔178中时,流体管道174可受到限制(例如直径D可减小以减小内部通道176的容积),以将附加的流体容纳在内腔178中。相应地,当流体从内腔178中被除去时,流体管道可膨胀(例如直径D可增加以增加内部通道176中的容积),赋予内腔178中的新的自由空间。例如,流体腔178可与端口180(例如包括在端口180中的流体容器)流体连通。当一定量流体经端口180被引入到流动控制机构160或者从流动控制机构160中除去时,相应量的流体可被引入到内腔178中或者从内腔178中除去。由于内腔178具有有限容积以容纳放置在其中的流体并且流体管道174也设置在内腔178中,保持内腔178中的恒量流体允许流体管道174具有最大直径的固定位置。流体管道174可保持在固定位置至少直到(并且如果)内腔178中的流体量发生变化,此时流体管道174可改变到另一个具有不同最大直径D的固定位置。流体管道174可从任何直径增加到任何增加的直径,并从任何直径减小到任何减小的直径。
如在图7中的增大流体管道直径的一种实施方式中所示,流体可使用注射器190(例如经过端口的隔膜184插入的休伯针)经端口180从流动控制机构160除去,从而减少控制外壳的内腔178中的流体量。随着内腔178中的流体量减少,流体管道174可从具有直径D的平衡位置增加到具有增大的直径DI的第二位置,其中DI大于D。如图7中所示,流体管道174的增大的直径DI并不总是沿着流体管道174的长度L不变(尽管在一些实施方式中增大的直径DI可始终沿着长度L不变)。而是流体管道174的直径D至少在流体管道174的中间部分增加到增大的直径DI,并且在流体管道174与主体172连接以便与导管150流体连通的流体管道近端和远端处大体上保持为平衡直径D。该效果保持为,减少内腔178中的流体量增加了流体管道的直径并增加了流体可经过其在胃束带120与流体源132之间流动的内部通道176的容积。
类似地,如在图8中的减小流体管道直径的一种实施方式中所示,流体可使用注射器190经端口180被引入到流动控制机构160中,从而增加控制外壳的内腔178中的流体量。随着内腔178中的流体量的增加,流体管道174可从具有直径D的平衡位置减小到具有减小的直径DD的第二位置,其中DD小于D。如图8中所示,流体管道174的减小的直径DD并不总是沿着流体管道174的长度L不变(尽管在一些实施方式中减小的直径DD可沿着长度L始终不变)。而是流体管道174的直径D至少在流体管道174的中间部分减小到减小的直径DD,并且在流体管道的近端和远端处大体上保持为平衡直径D。该效果保持为,增加内腔178中的流体量减小流体管道的直径并减少流体可经过其在胃束带120与流体源132之间流动的内部通道176的容积。
由于在该实施方式中主体172是刚性的,如图7和8所示,主体172不能随着流体从内腔178中除去或者引入到内腔178中而改变尺寸或形状,流体管道174的长度L也不发生变化。
甚至是在固定位置中流体管道174的直径D也可发生变化,这取决于例如流经内部通道176的流体量。例如,如果很少或者没有流体流经流动控制机构160,例如因为系统的封闭流体流路中的基本上所有流体都处于胃束带120中而没有足够的流体流经内部通道176以使内部通道176膨胀到其最大容积,则流体管道174至少在其中部至少部分收缩到更小的直径。但是,流体管道174仍具有不能变化的固定位置,例如流体管道174不能使其容积增大到超过由设置在内腔178中、位于流体管道174之外的流体量所允许的内腔178中的容积。
虽然注射器190被描述为可手动操作以经过端口180调节内腔178中的流体量,但实际上不需要在内腔178(或者控制外壳170的任何部分)与注射器190之间输送流体。换言之,内腔178中的流体量可仅仅通过在内腔178与注射器190之间移动流体来调节(例如通过将流体引入到包括在端口180中的流体源或容器或者从流体源或容器中除去,这使先前在内腔178中的流体转移或者将流体转移到内腔178中),这样,移动将引起内腔178“上游”的流体类似地移动。对于经端口180引入到内腔178或者从内腔178中除去的流体来说实际上该流体不需要来自或者被抽出到注射器190中(或者甚至来自或进入端口180,因为流体可从导管150内部或者端口180与控制外壳170之间的任何其他连接器转移)。此外,在这里讨论的任何流体的流动可包括两个或多个元件之间的类似流体移动。
如上所述,流动控制机构160可具有各种构造,并且系统100可包括任意数目的流体源。例如,如果例如控制外壳170包括被构造成允许流体引入到内腔178中和将流体从内腔178中除去的隔膜(诸如与隔膜184类似的隔膜),控制外壳的内腔178中的流体量可经过控制外壳170而不是经过端口180而直接被调节。
任意量的流体可以任意次数、以任何频率经端口180被引入到流动控制机构160或者从流动控制机构160中抽取。被引入到流动控制机构160和/或从流动控制机构160抽取的流体的量、流体被引入到流动控制机构160和/或从流动控制机构160抽取的次数以及流体调节的频率可由患者改变,并优选作为患者治疗计划的一部分由患者的医生(或者其他医护人员)确定。此外,系统100可被植入到患者体内,并且在流动控制机构160中具有特定量的流体(包括在流动控制机构160中没有流体)。在植入之后,流动控制机构160可填充一定量的流体,诸如通过使用注射器190将流体引入到端口180中。
虽然没有显示,但在另一种实施方式中,流体管道174可包括微细管,例如毛细管。当流体被加入内腔178中或者从内腔178中抽出时(例如如上所述使用端口180),微细管可改变其直径D及其长度L。在该实施方式中,主体172优选为柔性的或者至少部分是柔性的,以允许微细管沿长度膨胀和收缩。例如,如在图9中的减小流体管道直径的一种实施方式中所示,流体可使用注射器190经端口180被引入到流动控制机构160,从而增加控制外壳的内腔178’中的流体量。随着内腔178’中的流体量的增加,流体管道174’可从具有直径D的平衡位置减小到具有沿着微细管174’的长度LI恒定的减小的直径DD的第二位置,其中LI大于L。类似地,如图10中所示,流体可使用注射器190经端口180从流动控制机构160抽出,从而减小控制外壳的内腔178’中的流体量。随着内腔178’中的流体量的减少,流体管道174’可从具有直径D的平衡位置增加到具有沿着微细管174’的长度LD恒定的增大的直径DI的第二位置,其中LD小于L。
在一些实施方式中,微细管174’可具有螺旋A-A截面,如图11中的微细管174”的变型中所示。微细管174”可沿着其整个长度L或者沿着其长度的L的一个或多个部分具有所述螺旋截面。当流体分别被引入到内腔178’中和从内腔178’中除去时,所述螺旋截面可允许微细管174”增大和减小其长度L。换言之,微细管174”可用作膨胀锥体。优选地,微细管的远侧和近侧部分每个都具有螺旋形状,使远侧和近侧部分可膨胀和收缩以改变微细管174”的长度L。
在流动控制机构160’的另一种实施方式中,流动控制机构160’的直径可通过线性运动可调节地进行控制。如图12中的一种实施方式所述,流动控制机构160’包括与胃束带120和流体源132流体连通的流体通道200。流体通道200具有沿着流体通道的纵向长度L2的最大直径或厚度tmax。流体通道200的最大厚度tmax可沿着其纵向长度L2的至少一部分调节。在图示的例子中,比流体通道的纵向长度L2小的部分具有可调节的直径或者厚度t。当流体通道200的可调节厚度t变化时,经过流动控制机构160的流速改变并且一般可表示为:
Q∝t(P1-P2)
其中当可调节厚度t等于最大厚度tmax时流速Q被最大化。
可调节厚度t可在两个或多个固定位置之间以各种方式调节。例如,阻塞机构202的延伸到流体通道200中的长度1可限定流体通道200的可调节厚度t。长度1可具有任何值(包括0,在这种情况下可调节厚度t处于其最大值tmax,阻塞机构202在流体通道200中没有提供任何阻塞)。一般说来,流速和可调节厚度t具有线性关系,长度1的增加减小流体通道200的直径并降低经过流体通道200的流速,而长度1的减小增加流体通道200的直径并增加经过流体通道200的流速。
如在图12中进一步显示的那样,调节机构204可与阻塞机构202连接,并且其可被构造成改变阻塞机构202的延伸到流体通道200中的长度1。调节机构204可具有各种构造,但在图12所示的实施方式中,调节机构204为填充流体的囊的形式,例如可压缩的波纹管。调节机构204可经导管150(或者任何其他连接器)与端口180流体连接,以允许流体经端口180被引入到调节机构204中或者从调节机构204中除去(例如使用注射器190),从而帮助改变阻塞机构202在流体通道200中的长度1。作为另一种非限制性的例子,可被使用的另一种调节机构204是与阻塞机构202连接的螺钉。螺钉的旋转可有效地增加和/或减小由螺钉施加到阻塞机构202上的力,进而改变阻塞机构202在流体通道200中的长度1。作为进一步的非限制性的例子,可被使用的另一种调节机构为可致动阻塞机构202的活塞筒。
本领域技术人员还将会理解,调节机构204可具有可被调节以改变流体通道200中的阻塞机构202的长度1的特定特征。例如,在其中调节机构204包括弹簧的实施方式中,弹簧常数或者弹簧的长度可被调节以改变阻塞机构202在流体通道200中的长度1。弹簧可以是具有任意形状的任何柔性的弹性物体。例如,弹簧可以是具有圆柱形状的盘簧或者螺旋弹簧,但弹簧也可具有其他形状,诸如锥形或者双锥形,并且其可具有任意形状的单个线圈,诸如椭圆形或者矩形。调节机构204的其他例子包括弹性带、螺线或者索,蜗卷弹簧和其他类似类型的柔性弹性物体。弹簧还可具有各种尺寸,并且,如果使用一个以上的弹簧,被用于调节机构204的不同弹簧可具有不同尺寸和形状。此外,如果在限制系统100(或者其他限制系统)中任何地方使用一个以上弹簧或者其他偏压机构,每个弹簧可以与限制系统100中的任何其他弹簧相同或者不同。
阻塞机构202可具有各种尺寸、形状和构造。一般说来,阻塞机构202的纵向轴线AO大体上垂直于流体通道200的纵向轴线AP延伸,使阻塞机构202大体上与其轴线AO平行的运动改变阻塞机构202在流体通道200中的长度1。在图12中所示的实施方式中,阻塞机构202大体上为圆柱形、光滑的线性刚性杆,其至少部分由大体上为流体不能渗透的衬套206围绕。但是,阻塞机构202可具有允许其与调节机构204连接的任何尺寸、形状和构造。当调节机构204膨胀时(例如由于借助将流体引入到端口180中而将流体引入到调节装置204中),作为至少部分由衬套206围绕的刚性构件的阻塞机构202不能挠曲或弯曲,但能运动到流体通道200中,从而增加阻塞机构202在流体通道200中的长度1。类似地,当调节机构204收缩时(例如由于借助将流体从端口180抽出而将流体从调节机构204除去时),阻塞机构202也至少部分运动到流体通道200之外,从而减小阻塞机构202在流体通道200中的长度1。
在图13中显示了阻塞机构的另一种实施方式。在该实施方式中,阻塞机构包括螺纹杆208,其至少部分由大体上流体不可渗透的衬套210围绕,所述衬套包括被构造成与螺纹杆208接合的螺纹212。诸如上面描述的一种调节机构(例如波纹管、活塞筒等)可被用于旋转致动螺纹杆208,从而调节厚度t并因此也调节经过流体通道200的流速。
在流动控制机构160”的还一种实施方式中,胃束带120与流体源132之间的流速可通过调节经过多孔膜的流体流动来控制。如图14中所示,流动控制机构160”包括设置在膜外壳222中的多孔盘或者半透膜220。模外壳222具有分别与胃束带120和流体源132流体连接的近端224和远端226。膜220设置在近端224和远端226之间并位于膜外壳222的中部228。膜220可适于允许流体流进和流出膜外壳222同时将任何容纳在膜外壳222中的流体与外部环境密封。在一种示例性实施方式中,膜220由醋酸纤维素制成。经过膜外壳222的流速Q一般可表示如下,其中w代表膜220的平均宽度、直径或者厚度,d表示流体可流动经过的膜孔的孔径:
Q ∝ ( P 1 - P 2 ) d w
孔径d和平均宽度w每个都可具有任意值。对于给定膜220来说孔径d优选大体上恒定。平均宽度w可被调节,从而调节经过流动控制机构160”的流速。
膜220的平均宽度w可以各种方式调节。平均宽度w可被调节的一种方式是通过将膜外壳222设置在流动控制外壳(例如上面讨论的流动控制外壳170)中,如图15中的实施方式所示。也设置在流动控制外壳170中的流体量可被调节(例如使用上面讨论的端口180和注射器190),从而允许膜外壳222的压缩和膨胀,并因此还调节设置在膜外壳222中的膜220的宽度w。一般说来,流动控制外壳170中的更多流体与更小宽度w和更快的流速对应,而流动控制外壳170中的更少流体与更大宽度w和更慢的流速对应。
图16-18显示了在使用时的限制系统100的一种实施方式。在图16-18中示出的实施方式中,系统100包括图3A的加压流体源300和图5-8的流动控制机构160,并且流体管道174具有可调节直径D。如图所示,流体管道174的直径具有图8的减小的直径DD。在图16中显示的休眠阶段,束带120基本上封闭胃140中的人造口开口,即,人造口处于休眠位置,因为基本上没有力作用于人造口上(除了基本上封闭人造口的胃束带120的力之外)。换言之,患者没有进食、饮水、吞咽、呕吐或者自觉或不自觉地将力施加到食管142、胃140和/或胃束带120上。在休眠阶段,来自流体源300的流体基本上充满胃束带120。换言之,系统100处于平衡状态。另外,系统100中的流体静止,例如流体不经过流动控制机构160在胃束带120与流体源300之间流动。
当力(例如来自患者消化食物和吞咽的蠕动波)作用于人造口上时,诸如图17中显示的加力阶段,力可在胃束带120中形成比流体源300的压力P1更高的压力P2。这种压力差(P2>P1)可影响压力控制机构130,允许胃束带120中的流体经流动控制机构160从胃束带120向着流体源300流动。如上所述,流体管道174的直径D可调节胃束带120与流体源300之间的流体的流速,因此调节压力变化的速度。由于患者饱胀感基本上由胃束带120中的流体从胃束带120向着流体源300流动的时间长短确定、并且因此由用于使食物通过人造口(或者在通过人造口之前自然消化)的时间长短确定,减小的直径DD可允许患者更迅速地感觉饱胀并在更长的时间段感觉饱胀,因为经过控制机构160的流速小于经过胃束带120与流体源300之间的基本恒定直径的连接的流速。类似地,如果流体管道174的直径为图7的增大的直径DI,则患者将更慢地感觉饱胀并且感觉饱胀的时间段更短,因为流体可更快地经流动控制机构160从胃束带120向着流体源300流动。这样,医生(或者其他获得授权的人员)可在患者使用胃束带120治疗期间的任意次调节流体管道174的直径,例如以提供患者合适的饱胀感。换言之,调节流体管道174可减小或防止胃束带120中的压力变化,其可降低胃束带120的效力并影响患者的进食模式和/或总体重控制。
当压力控制机构130已经允许足够的流体经流体管道174从胃束带120向着流体源300流动时,由胃束带120在胃140中形成的限制可以足够低,以便允许食物通过人造口,如图18中显示的通过阶段中显示的那样。患者的饱胀水平由此降低。当力停止作用于人造口上时(例如患者停止进食),压力差可反向,使胃束带120中的流体压力P2小于流体源120中的流体压力P1,从而允许流体从流体源300向着胃束带120流动。
在另一种实施方式中,与改变流动控制机构的几何形状来调节流体源与限制装置之间的流体流速不同,可将偏压机构用于限制经过流动控制机构的流速。图19A示出了与流体源412连接以调节流体源412与限制装置402之间的流体流动的流动控制机构410。流动控制机构410包括偏压机构,即填充流体的外壳414,其控制与流体源412连接的致动器的运动速度。致动器的运动有效地在流体源412与限制装置402之间驱动流体,因此致动器的运动速度与流体源412和限制装置402之间的流体流速对应。如在下面更详细讨论的那样,运动速度可被调节。还将在下面详细讨论的是,流动控制机构410也可包括压力调节机构以便调节限制装置402中的压力。
如图19A所示,流体源412为波纹管形式(但流体源可具有多种构造,如上所述),其经导管406与限制装置402流体连通。波纹管的一端400被固定到外壳上,而另一端404与致动器416连接。致动器416可具有多种构造,但如图所示,致动器416包括刚性杆418,该刚性杆418一端连接到流体源412且另一端连接到设置在填充流体的外壳414中的多孔构件418(例如网、多孔膜、具有在其中形成的多个孔的盘,或者允许流体流动经过的其他多孔结构)。多孔构件418在填充流体的外壳414中的运动可控制限制装置402与流体源412之间的流体流速。取决于各种因素,诸如杆428和多孔构件418的形状和尺寸以及容纳在填充流体的外壳414中的流体420的类型,多孔构件418可以一定速度运动通过填充流体的外壳414。外壳414中的流体420可流经多孔构件418以调节多孔构件418经过外壳414的运动速度,从而也调节杆428的运动速度,因此调节流体源412与限制装置402之间的流体流速。当多孔构件418向着填充流体的外壳414的远端422运动时,流体源412被膨胀,因此流体从胃束带402向着流体源412流动,减少限制装置402中的流体量。类似地,当多孔构件418向着填充流体的外壳414的近端424流动时,流体源412收缩,引体流体从流体源412向着限制装置402流动,增加限制装置402中的流体量。
多孔构件418通过流体420的运动速度可由多孔构件418(例如流体可流动经过的孔的尺寸和数目)的构造来控制并通过流体结构(例如流体的粘度)来控制。填充流体的外壳414可任选地与端口流体连通,如前所述,以允许填充流体的外壳414中的流体420被具有不同粘度的流体替换,以调节致动器经过外壳414的运动速度。一般说来,流体420的粘度越大,多孔构件418可经过流体420运动的速度越小。
致动器416还可与可调节限制装置402中的流体压力的弹簧426连接。弹簧426可将偏压力提供给流体源412以响应限制装置中的压力变化,如同在前面提及的2007年12月27日提交的题为“ConstantForce Mechanisms For Regulating Restriction Devices”的美国专利申请US11/965,322中更详细描述的那样。弹簧的偏压力可以从内部或者外部调节,并且弹簧428可被替换。
在图19B中显示的另一种实施方式中,流动控制机构410可包括与填充流体的外壳414的远端436连接的第二弹簧434。当设置在填充流体的外壳414中的多孔构件418处于与外壳的远端436相邻的最远侧位置时,弹簧434可允许流体源412进一步膨胀,例如继续允许流体从限制装置402向着流体源412流动。
本领域技术人员将会理解,本发明可应用在常规内窥镜和开刀外壳器械中,并可应用于机器辅助的外科手术中。
本领域技术人员将会理解,本发明可应用于传统内窥镜和开放式外科器械中,以及应用于机器人辅助的外科手术中。
在本文中公开的装置可被设置成在单次使用后被处理,或者它们可被设计成多次使用。但是,在任一情况下,装置在至少一次使用后可被再生以便重新使用。再生可包括装置的拆卸、接着清洁或替换特定部件以及随后重新组装的步骤的任一组合。特别是,装置可被拆卸,并且装置的任意数目的特定部件或部分可选择性地以任何组合被替换或者除去。当清洗和/或替换特定部分时,装置可在再生工厂或者由手术团队在外科手术前立即被重新组装以便随后的使用。本领域技术人员将会理解,装置的再生可利用用于拆卸、清洗/替换以及重新组装的各种技术。所述技术的使用以及获取的再生装置都落入本发明的范围内。
优选地,在本文中公开的本发明将在外科手术前被处理。首先,获取新的或者使用过的器械并在需要的情况下对其进行清洁,该器械然后可被灭菌。在一种灭菌技术中,容器和器械被放置在闭合并密封的容器中,诸如塑料袋或高密度聚乙烯合成纸袋中。容器和器械然后被放置在可穿透容器的辐射场中,诸如γ射线、x射线或者高能电子。辐射杀死器械上以及容器中的细菌。灭菌的器械然后可被储存在灭菌容器中。密封的容器保持器械处于灭菌状态,直到其在医学场合下被打开。
优选的装置被灭菌。这可通过本领域已知的任何数目的方式来实现,包括β或γ射线、环氧乙烷、蒸汽。
在上述实施方式的基础上本领域技术人员将会理解本发明的进一步的特征和优选。因此,除非由权利要求书特别指明,本发明不由特别显示和描述的那些内容来限定。在本文中引证的所有出版物和参考文献通过全文引用而明确包含在本申请中。

Claims (10)

1、一种用于在患者体内形成限制的限制系统,包括:
可植入的限制装置,其被构造成在通道中形成作为容纳在所述限制装置中的流体体积的函数的限制;和
可调节的流动控制机构,其与所述限制装置流体连通并被构造成限定流到和流出所述限制装置的流体流速。
2、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述可调节的流动控制机构具有限定流到和流出所述限制装置的流体流速的可调节的几何形状。
3、根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构能够在多个固定位置之间调节,其中所述几何形状的体积增加使流体流速增加,所述几何形状的体积减小使流体流速降低。
4、根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括设置在外壳中并与所述限制装置流体连通的柔性管,其中所述柔性管的几何形状被构造成通过改变所述外壳中的流体量来调节,从而调节流体的流速。
5、根据权利要求4所述的系统,其中,所述外壳与可植入的端口流体连通,并且所述外壳中的流体量被设置成通过所述端口来改变。
6、根据权利要求2所述的系统,还包括流体容器,其中所述几何形状限制所述限制装置与所述流体容器之间的流体流速。
7、根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述几何形状包括直径。
8、根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述流体控制机构的几何形状被构造成通过线性运动调节。
9、根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括与所述限制装置流体连通的通道,其中所述通道的几何形状被构造成通过调节阻塞机构在所述通道中的量来调节。
10、根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述流动控制机构包括多孔膜。
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EP2095796B1 (en) 2011-04-27
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RU2009106909A (ru) 2010-09-10
BRPI0901473A2 (pt) 2010-01-26
US8034065B2 (en) 2011-10-11
EP2095796A1 (en) 2009-09-02
CN101518476B (zh) 2013-11-20
BRPI0901473B1 (pt) 2019-07-16
ATE506926T1 (de) 2011-05-15
JP2009201991A (ja) 2009-09-10
US20090216255A1 (en) 2009-08-27
DE602009001119D1 (de) 2011-06-09
HK1137325A1 (en) 2010-07-30
RU2499564C2 (ru) 2013-11-27

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