CN101519065B - 用于为控制动力系统确定功率约束的方法 - Google Patents

用于为控制动力系统确定功率约束的方法 Download PDF

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CN101519065B
CN101519065B CN2008101911919A CN200810191191A CN101519065B CN 101519065 B CN101519065 B CN 101519065B CN 2008101911919 A CN2008101911919 A CN 2008101911919A CN 200810191191 A CN200810191191 A CN 200810191191A CN 101519065 B CN101519065 B CN 101519065B
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constraint
torque
power
response time
input
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CN101519065A (zh
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A·H·希普
J·J·麦康奈尔
W·布伦森
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/30Control strategies involving selection of transmission gear ratio
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445Differential gearing distribution type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/18Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/20Reducing vibrations in the driveline
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W2050/0001Details of the control system
    • B60W2050/0043Signal treatments, identification of variables or parameters, parameter estimation or state estimation
    • B60W2050/0052Filtering, filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
    • F16H37/084Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
    • F16H2037/0866Power split variators with distributing differentials, with the output of the CVT connected or connectable to the output shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/102Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts the input or output shaft of the transmission is connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/104Power split variators with one end of the CVT connected or connectable to two or more differentials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于为控制动力系统确定功率约束的方法。具体而言,一种用于控制动力系统的方法包括监测发动机、变速器装置和能量存储装置的运行状况。该方法进一步包括确定第一功率约束,当第一功率约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波所述第一功率约束,当第一功率约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波所述第一功率约束。

Description

用于为控制动力系统确定功率约束的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2007年10月29日提交的美国临时申请号为60/983,250的优先权,该临时申请在此处通过引用被包含进来。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在动力系统内控制动力的有关功率约束。
背景技术
这部分的描述仅提供与本发明相关的一些背景信息,且有可能不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系结构包括含有内燃机和电机的扭矩发生装置,其通过一变速器装置将扭矩传给输出元件。一个典型的动力系包含双模式、复合-分离、机电变速器,变速器利用输入元件接收来自于优选为内燃机的原动机动力源的驱动扭矩、以及输出元件。所述输出元件能可操作地连接到机动车辆的传动系统,并把牵引扭矩传递到那里。电机,可操作为电动机或发电机,产生输入到变速器的扭矩,该扭矩与来自内燃机的扭矩输入无关。电机可以把通过车辆传动系统传递的车辆动能转化为电能,电能可存于电能存储装置中。控制系统监控来自于车辆和驾驶员的各种输入,并且提供对动力系统的操作控制,包括控制变速器操作状态和换档、控制扭矩发生装置、以及调节电能存储装置和电机之间的电能交换来管理变速器的输出(包括扭矩和转速)。
发明内容
一种控制动力系统的方法,包括监控发动机、变速器装置和能量存储装置的运行状况。该方法进一步包括基于运行状况确定在动力系统内传递动力的第一功率约束和第二功率约束。该方法进一步包括当第一功率约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波所述第一功率约束。该方法进一步包括当第一功率约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波所述第一功率约束。附图说明
一个或多个实施例将通过示例的方式参考附图进行描述,其中:
图1是根据本发明的典型动力系的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的用于控制系统和动力系的典型结构的示意图;
图3和图4是根据本发明的用于控制和管理动力系统中的扭矩的控制系统结构的示意流程图;
图5和图6是根据本发明典型的控制方案图;
图7和图8是根据本发明附图6控制方案的输入和输出的图解描述;
图9是根据本发明典型的控制方案流程图;以及
图10是根据本发明典型的控制方案图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,其中所述附图只是为了阐述本发明某些典型的实施例,而并不是对其进行限制,图1和2示出了典型的机电混合动力系。根据本发明的典型的机电混合动力系在图1中示出,包括可操作地连接到发动机14和第一、第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72的双模式、复合-分离、机电混合动力变速器10。所述发动机14以及第一和第二电机56和72每个产生能够传递到变速器10的动力。所述由发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72产生并传递到变速器10的动力被描述为输入和电动机扭矩(在此分别称为TI、TA和TB),和速度(在此分别称为NI、NA和NB)。
典型的发动机14包括多缸内燃机,其可选择性地在多个工况下运行,经由输入轴12将扭矩传递给变速器10,其可以是点燃式或者压燃式发动机。发动机14包括曲轴(未示出),曲轴可操作地连接到变速器10的输入轴12上。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于在发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上布置了扭矩消耗部件,例如液压泵(未示出)和/或扭矩管理装置(未示出),来自发动机14的动力输出(包括转速和发动机扭矩)可以不同于到变速器的输入速度NI和输入扭矩TI
典型的变速器10包括三组行星齿轮组24、26和28,以及四个可选择性接合的扭矩传递装置,即离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75。如这里所使用的,离合器指的是任何类型的摩擦扭矩传递装置,包括例如单盘或多盘离合器或组合件、带式离合器、以及制动器。优选由变速器控制模块(这之后称为‘TCM’)17控制的液压控制回路42可操作地控制离合器状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括液压-致动旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括可选择地接地到变速器壳体68上的液压控制固定装置。每个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75都优选为液压致动,可选择地经由液压控制回路42接收增压的液压流体。
第一电机56和第二电机72优选地包括三相交流电机,每个包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出),和各自的分相器80和82。每个电机的定子都固定到变速器壳体68的外部,并包括带有从中穿过的电绕组的定子铁芯。第一电机56的转子支撑在毂衬齿轮(hub plate gear)上,该齿轮经由第二行星齿轮组26可操作地连接到轴60上。第二电机72的转子固定地连接到中空轴轮毂66(sleeveshaft hub)上。
每个分相器80和82优选地包括可变磁阻装置,该装置包括分相器定子(未示出)和分相器转子(未示出)。分相器80和82被恰当地定位并分别装配在第一电机56和第二电机72上。相应分相器80和82的定子可操作地连接到第一电机56和第二电机72其中的一个定子上。分相器转子可操作地连接到相应的第一电机56和第二电机72的转子上。每个分相器80和82可信号和可操作地连接到变速器功率逆变器控制模块(之后称作‘TPIM’)19上,每个检测和监控分相器转子相对于分相器定子的旋转位置,由此监控第一电机56和第二电机72各自的旋转位置。此外,从分相器80和82输出的信号被译码从而为第一电机56和第二电机72分别提供转速,也就是,NA和NB
变速器10包括输出元件64,例如轴,其可操作地连接到车辆传动系统90(未示出)上,为传动系统90提供输出功率,输出功率传递到车轮93,图1示出了其中一个。在输出元件64的输出功率表现为输出转速NO和输出扭矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出元件64的转速和旋转方向。每个车轮93优选地配有适于监测车轮速度的传感器94,其输出由在图2中描述的分布式控制模块系统中的控制模块监控,来确定用于制动控制、牵引控制、车辆加速管理的车速、绝对和相对车轮速度。
来自发动机14的输入扭矩和来自第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩(分别是TI、TA和TB)是由燃料或储存在电能存储装置(之后称作‘ESD’)74中的电能进行能量转化而来的。ESD 74经由直流电传递导线27高压直流电连接到TPIM 19。传递导线27包括接触器开关38。当接触器开关38闭合时,在正常运行下,电流可以在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间流动。当接触器开关38断开时,在ESD 74和TPIM 19之间的电流中断。TPIM 19通过传递导线29将电能传递给第一电机56及传递来自于第一电机56的电能,类似地,TPIM 19通过传递导线31将电能传递给第二电机72及传递来自于第二电机72的电能,从而满足第一电机56和第二电机72响应于发电机扭矩TA和TB的扭矩命令。根据ESD 74是充电还是放电,将电流传递到ESD 74或从ESD 74传出。
TPIM 19包括一对功率逆变器(未示出)和相应的电动机控制模块(未示出),该电动机控制模块配置成接收扭矩命令以及据此来控制逆变器的状态,用来提供电动机驱动或者再生功能从而满足命令的电动机扭矩TA和TB。所述功率逆变器包括公知的互补型三相功率电子装置,每一个包括多个绝缘栅双极型晶体管(未示出),用于通过高频的切换把来自ESD 74的直流电功率转为交流电功率为相应的第一电机56和第二电机72供电。所述绝缘栅双极型晶体管形成开关模式功率供给,配置成接受控制命令。通常每个三相电机的每个相具有一对绝缘栅双极型晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极型晶体管的状态来提供电动机驱动机械功率产生或电功率再生功能。所述三相逆变器通过直流电传递导线27接收或供给直流电功率并把它转换给三相交流功率或从三相交流功率转换,其分别通过传递导线29和31被传递到第一电机56和第二电机72或从第一电机56和第二电机72传出,以操作为电动机或发电机。
图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意性方框图。下文中将描述的元件是整个车辆控制结构的一个子集,且其提供了图1里所描述的典型混合动力系的协调系统控制。该分布式控制模块系统合成有关信息和输入,并且执行算法来控制各个致动器以实现控制目标,包括与燃料经济性、排放、性能、驱动性能和保护包括电池ESD 74、第一电机56和第二电机72在内的硬件有关的目标。该分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(之后称作‘ECM’)23、TCM 17、电池组控制模块(之后称作‘BPCM’)21以及TPIM 19。混合控制模块(之后称作‘HCP’)5提供对ECM 23、TCM17、BPCM 21和TPIM 19的监督控制以及协调。用户界面(‘UI’)13可操作地连接到多个装置,通过它,车辆驾驶员就能控制或者指挥机电混合动力系的运行。该装置包括加速踏板113(‘AP’)、驾驶员制动踏板112(‘BP’)、变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’)和车速速度巡航控制器(未示出)。所述变速器档位选择器114可以具有离散数量的驾驶员可选择的位置,包括允许获得向前或向后方向之一的输出元件64的旋转方向。
前面提到的控制模块通过局域网(之后称作‘LAN’)总线6与其它控制模块、传感器和致动器通信。LAN总线6允许运行参数和致动器命令信号在各种控制模块之间进行结构化通信。所采用的特定的通信协议是面向应用的。LAN总线6和合适的协议在前面提到的控制模块和其他控制模块之间提供了具有鲁棒性的通讯和多控制模块交接,所述的其他控制模块可提供包括如防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性等功能。可以使用多条通讯总线来提高通讯速度以及提供某些级别的信号冗余度和完整性。在单独控制模块之间的通讯也可以利用直接链路(例如串行外围接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出))来实现。
HCP 5提供混合动力系的监督控制,用于对ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19和BPCM 21的运行进行协调。基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD 74在内的混合动力系的各种输入信号,HCP 5确定驾驶员扭矩请求、输出扭矩命令、发动机输入扭矩命令、变速器10的致动扭矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器扭矩以及第一和第二电机56和72的电动机扭矩TA和TB。TCM 17可操作地连接到液压控制回路42,并提供各种功能,包括监控各种压力传感装置(未示出)以及产生和传输各种螺线管(未示出)的控制信号,从而来控制包含在液压控制回路42里的压力螺线管开关和控制阀。
ECM 23可操作地连接到发动机14,起到从传感器中获取数据及通过多条离散的线路来控制发动机14的致动器的作用,为了简单,多条离散的线路显示为集合双向接口电缆35。ECM 23从HCP 5接收发动机输入扭矩命令。ECM23基于监测到的传递给HCP 5的发动机转速和载荷及时确定此时的实际发动机输入扭矩TI,并提供实际发动机输入扭矩TI给变速器10。ECM 23监测来自转速传感器11的输入来确定到输入轴12的发动机输入速度,其转换为变速器输入速度,NI。ECM 23监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定其他发动机运行参数的状态,包括例如歧管压力、发动机冷却液温度、环境空气温度和环境压力。发动机载荷可以通过例如歧管压力或监测到的加速踏板113的驾驶员输入被确定。ECM 23产生并传输命令信号来控制发动机致动器,包括例如燃料喷射器、点火模块和节气门控制模块,这些都未示出。
TCM 17可操作地连接到变速器10上,并监测来自传感器(未示出)的输入来确定变速器运行参数的状态。TCM 17产生并传输命令信号来控制变速器10,包括控制液压控制回路42。从TCM 17到HCP 5的输入包括每个离合器即C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的估算离合器扭矩,和输出元件64的旋转输出速度No。出于控制目的,其他致动器和传感器可被用来由TCM 17向HCP 5提供附加信息。TCM 17监控压力螺线管开关(未示出)的输入,并且选择性地激励液压控制回路42的压力控制螺线管(未示出)和换档螺线管(未示出),从而选择性地来致动各离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75,以实现各种变速器操作范围状态,如下面所描述。
BPCM 21信号地连接到传感器(未示出)以监控ESD 74,包括电流或电压参数的状态,向HCP 5提供能表示ESD 74电池参数状态的信息。所述电池的参数状态优选的包括电池充电状态、电池电压(‘VBAT’)、电池温度和可用电池功率(由范围PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX表示)。
制动器控制模块(之后称作‘BrCM’)22可操作地连接到每个车轮93上的摩擦力制动器(未示出)。该BrCM 22监控制动踏板112的驾驶员输入并产生控制信号来控制摩擦力制动器,并给HCP 5发送控制信号以据此控制第一电机56和第二电机72。
每个控制模块ECM 23、TCM 17、TPIM 19、BPCM 21和BrCM 22优选为包括微处理器或中央处理单元的通用数字计算机、存储介质、高速时钟、模数(‘A/D’)和数模(‘D/A’)转换电路以及输入/输出电路和装置(‘I/O’)和适宜的信号调节和缓冲电路,所述存储介质包括只读存储器(‘ROM’)、随机存储器(‘RAM’)和电子可编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’)。每个控制模块具有一组控制算法,包括存储于其中一个存储介质中的常驻程序指令和标定值,其被执行后提供每个计算机各自的功能。在各控制模块之间的信息传递优选地利用LAN总线6和SPI总线来实现。所述控制算法在预置循环周期内执行,使得每个算法在每个循环中至少被执行一次。储于永久存储装置中的算法被其中一个中央处理单元执行,用来监控来自传感装置的输入以及采用预置标定值来执行控制和诊断程序以控制致动器的运行。通常在规则间隔内执行循环,例如在混合动力系运行期间每3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒。可替换地,可以响应于事件的发生而执行算法。
典型的混合动力系选择地以几种操作范围状态的一种运行,其可以用发动机状态和变速器状态来描述,发动机状态包括发动机工作状态(‘ON’)和发动机停止状态(‘OFF’)的其中一个,变速器状态包括多个固定档位和连续可变操作模式,下面通过表1描述。表1
Figure G2008101911919D00071
表中描述了各种变速器操作范围状态并示出了在每个操作范围状态中哪些特定离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75被致动。通过仅致动离合器C1 70选择第一连续可变操作模式,即EVT模式1,以将第三行星齿轮组28的外齿轮元件“接地”。发动机状态可以是工作(‘M1_Eng_On’)或停止(‘M1_Eng_Off’)的一种。通过仅致动离合器C2 62选择第二连续可变操作模式,即EVT模式2,以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的行星架上。发动机状态可以是工作(‘M2_Eng_On’)或停止(‘M2_Eng_Off’)的一种。为了这种描述的目的,当发动机状态为停止时,发动机输入速度等于0转每分钟(RPM),即,发动机曲轴不转动。固定档位操作提供了变速器10输入输出速度的固定比操作,即NI/NO。第一固定档位操作(‘G1’)通过致动离合器C1 70和C4 75被选择。第二固定档位操作(‘G2’)通过致动离合器C1 70和C2 62被选择。第三固定档位操作(‘G3’)通过致动离合器C2 62和C4 75被选择。第四固定档位操作(‘G4’)通过致动离合器C2 62和C3 73被选择。输入输出速度的固定比操作随固定档位操作的增加而增加,因为在行星齿轮24、26和28中传动比的降低。第一电机56和第二电机72的转速(分别是NA和NB)依赖于由离合器限定的机构的内部旋转,与输入轴12处所测得的输入速度成比例。
响应于由用户界面13获得的通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112的驾驶员输入,HCP 5和一个或多个其他控制模块确定扭矩命令来控制包括发动机14和第一电机56和第二电机72在内的扭矩产生装置,以满足在输出元件64的驾驶员扭矩请求,并传递给传动系统90。基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD 74在内的混合动力系的输入信号,HCP 5确定驾驶员扭矩请求、从变速器10到传动系统90的命令输出扭矩、来自发动机14的输入扭矩、变速器10的扭矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73、C4 75的离合器扭矩以及第一电机56和第二电机72各自的电动机扭矩,如下所述。
最终的车辆加速可能受其他因素影响,包括,例如,道路载荷、路面坡度和车辆质量。基于混合动力系的多种运行特点确定变速器10操作范围状态。这包括之前所描述的通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传递到用户界面13的驾驶员扭矩请求。操作范围状态可以根据混合动力系的扭矩命令来判断,所述扭矩命令由以电能产生模式或扭矩产生模式运行第一电机56和第二电机72的命令产生。该操作范围状态可以由优化算法或程序来确定,该优化算法或程序基于驾驶员对动力的要求、电池充电状态以及发动机14与第一电机56和第二电机72的能量效率来确定最优系统效率。控制系统根据被执行的优化程序的结果来管理来自于发动机14以及第一电机56和第二电机72的扭矩输入,并且系统效率被优化,从而管理燃料经济性及电池充电。此外,可以根据部件或系统的故障来确定运行。HCP 5监控扭矩发生装置,确定响应于输出元件64的期望输出扭矩以满足驾驶员扭矩请求所需的变速器10输出功率。如上所描述应该很显然的是,ESD 74和第一电机56和第二电机72电气地可操作地连接在一起,以用于它们之间的功率流。此外,发动机14、第一电机56和第二电机72以及机电变速器10被机械地可操作地连接在一起,以在它们之间传递功率,产生传递给输出元件64的功率流。
图3和图4示出了用于控制和管理在具有多个扭矩产生装置的动力系统里的扭矩和功率流的控制系统结构,下面就根据图1和图2所示的混合动力系统和在前面已经提到过的控制模块以可执行的算法和标定值的形式进行描述。该控制系统结构可以应用于任何具有多个扭矩产生装置的动力系统,包括,例如具有单个电机的混合动力系统、具有多个电机的混合动力系统以及非混合动力系统。
图3和图4的控制系统结构示出了通过控制模块的有关信号流。运行时,监测加速踏板113和制动踏板112上的驾驶员输入以确定驾驶员扭矩请求(‘To_req’)。监测发动机14和变速器10的运行以确定输入速度(‘Ni’)和输出速度(No’)。战略优化控制方案(‘战略控制’)310基于输出速度和驾驶员扭矩请求确定优选输入速度(‘Ni_Des’)和变速器操作范围状态(‘混合范围状态Des’),并基于混合动力系的其他运行参数被优化,所述其他运行参数包括电池功率限制和发动机14、变速器10以及第一电机56和第二电机72的响应限制。战略优化控制方案310优选在每100毫秒循环周期和每25毫秒循环周期通过HCP5被执行。
在换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案(‘换档执行和发动机启动/停止’)320中利用战略优化控制方案310的输出命令变速器运行的改变(‘变速器命令’),包括改变操作范围状态。如果优选操作范围状态不同于当前操作范围状态,这包括通过命令致动一个或多个离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75和其他变速器命令的变化而命令执行操作范围状态的改变。当前操作范围状态(‘混合范围状态实际’)和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)可以被确定。该输入速度曲线为即将到来的输入速度的估算,优选地包括作为即将到来的循环周期的目标输入速度的标量参数值。在变速器操作范围状态改变期间,发动机运行命令和扭矩请求基于输入速度曲线。
在其中一个控制循环周期期间,基于输出速度、输入速度和驾驶员扭矩请求和变速器当前操作范围状态反复执行战术控制方案(‘战术控制和运行’)330来确定发动机命令(‘发动机命令’)用以运行发动机,包括从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入扭矩。发动机命令也包括发动机状态,其包括全缸运行状态和停缸运行状态的其中一个,在停缸运行状态中,一部分发动机气缸停止工作并不供给燃料,发动机状态包括供给燃料状态和切断燃料状态中的一个。
在TCM 17中估算每个离合器的离合器扭矩(‘Tcl’),包括当前致动的离合器和未致动离合器,以及在ECM 23中确定用输入元件12作用的当前发动机输入扭矩(‘Ti’)。在本实施例里,输出和电动机扭矩确定方案(‘输出和电动机扭矩确定’)340被执行用来确定来自动力系统(‘To_cmd’)的优选输出扭矩,其包括电动机扭矩命令(‘TA’,‘TB’),以控制第一电机56和第二电机72。该优选输出扭矩基于每个离合器的估算离合器扭矩、来自发动机14的当前输入扭矩、当前操作范围状态、输入速度、驾驶员扭矩请求和输入速度曲线。第一电机56和第二电机72基于该优选输出扭矩通过TPIM 19控制以满足优选电动机扭矩命令。输出和电动机扭矩确定方案340包括算法代码,其在6.25和12.5毫秒循环周期间定期被执行以确定优选电动机扭矩命令。
图4详细描述了用于控制和管理在混合动力系统里的输出扭矩的系统,参考图1和图2中的混合动力系统和图3中的控制系统结构进行描述。当变速器档位选择器114的驾驶员选择位置命令车辆以向前方向运行时,响应于到加速踏板113的驾驶员输入,混合动力系被控制用来把输出扭矩传递到输出元件64再从那里到传动系统90,以在车轮93产生牵引扭矩向前推动车辆。优选地,只要输出扭矩足以克服车辆上的外部载荷,例如由于道路坡度、空气动力载荷和其他载荷引起,向前推动车辆就能使车辆向前加速。
在运行中,监控到加速踏板113和制动踏板112的驾驶员输入以确定驾驶员扭矩请求。确定输出元件64和输入元件12的当前速度,即,No和Ni。变速器14的当前操作范围状态和当前发动机状态被确定。电能存储装置74的最大和最小电功率限制被确定。
混合制动扭矩包括在车轮93产生的摩擦力制动器扭矩和在输出元件64产生的输出扭矩的结合,响应于到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入,对传动系统90起作用以使车辆减速。
响应于到制动踏板112和加速踏板113的驾驶员输入,BrCM 22命令在车轮93上的摩擦力制动器施加制动力并产生对变速器10的命令以引发输出扭矩的改变,其对传动系统90起作用。优选地,施加的制动力和负向的输出扭矩可以让车辆减速并停止,只要他们足以克服车辆在车轮93的动能。所述负向输出扭矩与传动系统90起作用,于是把扭矩传递到机电变速器10和发动机14。通过机电变速器10作用的负向输出扭矩可以被传递到第一电机56和第二电机72,产生用于存储于ESD 74的电能。
到加速踏板113和制动踏板112的驾驶员输入和扭矩干预控制一起包括分别可确定的驾驶员扭矩请求输入,包括即时加速输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求即时加速’)、预测加速输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求预测加速’)、即时制动输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求即时制动’)、预测制动输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求预测制动’)和轮轴扭矩响应类型(‘轮轴扭矩响应类型’)。如这里所使用的,术语“加速”指当变速器档位选择器114的驾驶员选择位置命令车辆以向前方向运行时,向前推进优选地导致车速增加超过当前车速的驾驶员请求,以及当车辆运行被命令以倒车的方向时类似的倒车推进响应。术语“减速”和“制动”指优选地导致车辆从当前车速减速的驾驶员请求。即时加速输出扭矩请求、预测加速输出扭矩请求、即时制动输出扭矩请求、预测制动输出扭矩请求和轮轴扭矩响应类型是图4所示的控制系统的单独输入。
即时加速输出扭矩请求包括基于到加速踏板113的驾驶员输入和扭矩干预控制确定的即时扭矩请求。控制系统响应于即时加速输出扭矩请求控制来自混合动力系统的输出扭矩以产生车辆的正向加速。即时制动输出扭矩请求包括基于到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入和扭矩干预控制确定的即时制动请求。控制系统响应于即时制动输出扭矩请求控制来自混合动力系统的输出扭矩以产生车辆的减速。通过控制来自混合动力系统的输出扭矩实现的车辆减速和通过车辆制动系统(未示出)减小车速实现的车辆减速结合在一起来实现驾驶员制动请求。
即时加速输出扭矩请求基于当前发生的到加速踏板113的驾驶员输入被确定,包括在输出元件64产生即时输出扭矩优选地使车辆加速的请求。即时加速输出扭矩请求可以基于传动系控制外影响车辆运行的事件通过扭矩干预控制被改变。这种事件包括在动力系防抱死制动控制、牵引控制和车辆稳定性控制中的车辆等级中断,其可以用来改变即时加速输出扭矩请求。
预测加速输出扭矩请求基于到加速踏板113的驾驶员输入被确定,包括在输出元件64最优或优选输出扭矩。在正常运行状况下,例如,当扭矩干预控制没有被命令时,预测加速输出扭矩请求优选与即时加速输出扭矩请求相等。当扭矩干预(例如,防抱死制动、牵引控制或车辆稳定性中的任何一种)被命令时,响应于与扭矩干预有关的输出扭矩命令,预测加速输出扭矩请求可以借助于减小即时加速输出扭矩请求来保持优选输出扭矩。
即时制动输出扭矩请求和预测制动输出扭矩请求两个都是混合制动扭矩请求。混合制动扭矩包括在车轮93产生的摩擦力制动器扭矩和在输出元件64产生的输出扭矩的结合,响应于到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入,在输出元件64的输出扭矩与传动系统90起作用以使车辆减速。
即时制动输出扭矩请求基于当前发生的到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入被确定,包括在输出元件64产生即时输出扭矩以用传动系统90起实现作用扭矩的请求,作用扭矩优选地降低车速。即时制动输出扭矩请求基于到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入被确定,控制信号控制摩擦力制动器产生摩擦力制动扭矩。
预测制动输出扭矩请求包括响应于到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入在输出元件64的最优或优选制动输出扭矩,最优或优选制动输出扭矩服从输出元件64产生的许可最大制动输出扭矩,与到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入无关。在一个实施例中,在输出元件64产生的最大制动输出扭矩限制为-0.2g。当车速接近零时,不管到制动踏板112的驾驶员输入如何,预测制动输出扭矩请求都可以被逐渐减小到零。如所期望的,可以具有在其下预测制动输出扭矩请求被设为零的运行状况,例如,当驾驶员对变速器档位选择器114设定到倒档时,以及当变速箱(未示出)被设定到四轮驱动低范围时。在预测制动输出扭矩请求被设为零的运行状况是那些因为车辆的运行因素而混合制动不是优选的状况。
轮轴扭矩响应类型包括修正和速率限制通过第一电机56和第二电机72的输出扭矩响应的输入状态。轮轴扭矩响应类型的输入状态可以是活动状态或非活动状态。当命令的轮轴扭矩响应类型为活动状态时,输出扭矩命令为即时输出扭矩。优选地,这种响应类型的扭矩响应越快越好。
预测加速输出扭矩请求和预测制动输出扭矩请求输入到战略优化控制方案(‘战略控制’)310。战略优化控制方案310确定变速器10的期望操作范围状态(‘混合范围状态Des’)和从变速器10到发动机14的期望输入速度(‘Ni Des’),其包括到换档执行和发动机运行状态控制方案(‘换档执行和发动机启动/停止’)320的输入。
来自发动机14的输入扭矩的改变,其和来自变速器10的输入元件起作用,可以通过利用电子节气门控制系统(未示出)控制发动机节气门位置改变发动机14的进气空气质量来实现,包括打开发动机节气门以增加发动机扭矩和关闭发动机节气门以减小发动机扭矩。来自发动机14的输入扭矩的改变可以通过调整点火时间来实现,包括比平均最佳扭矩火花时间延迟火花时间以减小发动机扭矩。发动机状态可以在发动机停止状态和发动机工作状态之间改变以实现输入扭矩的改变。发动机状态可以在全缸运行状态和停缸运行状态之间改变,其中停缸运行状态是部分发动机气缸不供给燃料。发动机状态可以通过可选择地以供给燃料状态和切断燃料状态中的一个运行发动机14而被改变,在切断燃料状态时发动机旋转并不供给燃料。变速器10执行从第一操作范围状态到第二操作范围状态的换档可以通过可选择地致动和分离离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75命令和完成。
即时加速输出扭矩请求、预测加速输出扭矩请求、即时制动输出扭矩请求、预测制动输出扭矩请求和轮轴扭矩响应类型是战术控制和运行方案330的输入,以确定发动机命令,包括到发动机14的优选输入扭矩。
战术控制和运行方案330可以被分成两部分。这包括确定期望发动机扭矩,和因此发动机14和第一电机56和第二电机72之间的动力分离,和控制发动机状态和发动机14的运行以满足期望发动机扭矩。发动机状态包括当前操作范围状态和当前发动机速度的全缸状态和停缸状态、和燃料供给状态和减速燃料切断状态。战术控制和运行方案330监测预测加速输出扭矩请求和预测制动输出扭矩请求来确定预测输入扭矩请求。即时加速输出扭矩请求和即时制动输出扭矩请求用于控制发动机速度/载荷工作点以响应到加速踏板113和制动踏板112的驾驶员输入,例如,用于确定包括到发动机14的优选输入扭矩的发动机命令。优选地,发动机14的优选输入扭矩的快速改变只在第一电机56和第二电机72不能满足驾驶员扭矩请求的时候发生。
即时加速输出扭矩请求、即时制动输出扭矩请求和轮轴扭矩响应类型是电动机扭矩控制方案(‘输出和电动机扭矩确定’)340的输入。电动机扭矩控制方案340在其中一个循环周期的每次迭代内执行确定电动机扭矩命令,优选地为6.25毫秒的循环周期。
来自发动机14的当前输入扭矩(‘Ti’)和估算离合器扭矩(‘Tcl’)输入到电动机扭矩控制方案340。轮轴扭矩响应类型信号确定传递到输出元件64从而传递到传动系统90的输出扭矩命令的扭矩响应特性。
电动机扭矩控制方案340控制第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩命令,把净命令输出扭矩传递到变速器10的输出元件64以满足驾驶员扭矩请求。控制系统结构控制在混合动力系内动力致动器之间的动力流。混合动力系利用两个或多个动力致动器为输出元件提供输出动力。控制动力致动器之间的动力流,包括控制来自发动机14的输入速度NI、来自发动机的输入扭矩TI和第一和第二电机56、72的电动机扭矩TA、TB。尽管在之前描述的典型实施例中,混合动力系利用控制系统结构控制动力致动器之间的动力流,所述动力致动器包括发动机14、ESD 74和第一电机56和第二电机72,但是在替代的实施例中控制系统结构可以控制其他类型的动力致动器之间的动力流。可以利用的典型的动力致动器包括燃料电池、超电容器和液压致动器。
控制系统结构利用电功率限制管理在典型动力系统内的电功率,包括监控电池电压(‘VBAT’)和电池功率(‘PBAT’)。控制系统结构利用管理在动力系统内的电功率的方法,其包括建立预测电功率限制、长期电功率限制、短期电功率限制和基于电压的电功率限制。该方法进一步包括利用预测电功率限制确定来自发动机14的优选输入速度、来自发动机14的优选输入扭矩、优选发动机状态和变速器10的优选操作范围状态。该方法进一步包括基于长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制确定用于约束来自发动机14的输入扭矩的输入扭矩约束和用于约束到输出元件64的输出扭矩To的输出扭矩约束。通过约束输出扭矩To,基于输出扭矩约束组和来自发动机14的输入扭矩TI,包括第一和第二电机的第一和第二电动机扭矩TA和TB的总电动机扭矩TM也分别被约束。在替代的实施例中,一组总电动机扭矩约束可以基于长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制被确定,除此之外,或可以代替输出扭矩约束组。该方法进一步包括根据基于电压的电功率限制确定输出扭矩约束。
预测电功率限制包括与优选ESD 74性能等级相关的优选电池输出等级,也就是说,预测电功率限制规定了ESD 74所期望的运行范围。预测电功率限制包括电池输出功率等级从最小预测电功率限制(‘PBAT_MIN_PRDTD’)到最大预测电功率限制(‘PBAT_MAX_PRDTD’)的范围。预测电功率限制可以包括比长期电功率限制和短期电功率限制更严格的电池输出功率等级范围。
长期电功率限制包括与ESD 74在保持ESD 74的长期耐久性时的运行有关的电池输出功率等级。ESD 74在长期电功率限制范围外运行延长的时间可能会减小ESD 74的工作寿命。在一实施例中,ESD 74在稳态运行(也就是说,与瞬间操作无关的运行)期间保持在长期电功率限制范围内。典型的瞬间操作包括加速踏板113的轻踩和轻抬,其中瞬间加速运行被请求。保持ESD 74在长期电功率限制范围内,允许ESD 74提供例如传递不会减小ESD 74工作寿命的最高功率等级这样的功能。长期电功率限制包括电池输出功率等级从最小长期电功率限制(‘PBAT_MIN_LT’)到最大长期电功率限制(‘PBAT_MAX_LT’)的范围。长期电功率限制可以包括比短期电功率限制更严格的电池输出功率等级范围。
短期电功率限制包括与不显著地影响短期电池耐久性的电池运行有关的ESD 74输出功率等级。ESD 74在短期电功率限制范围外的运行可能会减小ESD74的工作寿命。ESD 74在短期电功率限制范围内但是在长期电功率限制范围外的短时间运行,可能会最小程度地减小ESD 74的工作寿命,然而,不会引起ESD 74显著地降低运行性能。在一实施例中,ESD 74在瞬间操作期间保持在短期电功率限制范围内。短期电功率限制包括电池输出功率等级从最小短期电功率限制(‘PBAT_MIN_ST’)到最大短期电功率限制(‘PBAT_MAX_ST’)的范围。
根据ESD 74的期望运行电压,基于电压的电功率限制包括电池输出功率等级从最小基于电压的电功率限制(‘PBAT_MIN_VB’)到最大基于电压的电功率限制(‘PBAT_MAX_VB’)的范围。最小基于电压的电功率限制PBAT_MIN_VB为在达到最大电压VLID前ESD 74输出的最低量电池输出功率。最大基于电压的电功率限制PBAT_MAX_VB为在达到最小电压VFLOOR前ESD 74能输出的估算电池输出功率。最小电压VFLOOR为让电池运行而不会显著影响短期电池耐久性的最小允许电压。当ESD 74的电压等级低于最小VFLOOR时,从ESD 74输出功率会引起ESD74工作寿命的减小。
图5具体描述了用于控制发动机14运行的战术控制方案(‘战术控制和运行’)330内的信号流,参考图1和图2的混合动力系统和图3和图4的控制系统结构进行描述。战术控制方案330包括战术优化控制通路350和系统约束控制通路360,其优选地同时执行。战术优化控制通路350的输出被输入到发动机状态控制方案370。发动机状态控制方案370和系统约束控制通路360的输出被输入到发动机响应类型确定方案(‘发动机响应类型确定’)380,用于控制发动机状态、即时发动机扭矩请求、预测发动机扭矩请求和发动机响应类型。
来自发动机14的输入可以按照发动机工作点进行描述,发动机工作点包括发动机速度和发动机扭矩,其可以被转换成与变速器10输入元件作用的输入速度和输入扭矩。当发动机14为火花点火发动机时,发动机工作点的改变可以通过控制利用电子节气门控制系统(未示出)控制发动机节气门位置改变发动机14的进气空气质量来实现,包括打开发动机节气门以增加发动机扭矩和关闭发动机节气门以减小发动机扭矩。发动机工作点的改变可以通过调整点火时间来实现,包括比平均最佳扭矩火花时间延迟火花时间以减小发动机扭矩。当发动机14为压燃式发动机时,发动机工作点通过控制喷射的燃料质量被控制,并通过比平均最佳扭矩喷射时间延迟喷射时间以减小发动机扭矩进行调整。发动机工作点也可以被改变用于实现输入扭矩的改变,通过在发动机状态在全缸状态和停缸状态之间进行控制和通过在发动机供给燃料状态和切断燃料状态之间控制发动机状态,其中在切断燃料状态时发动机旋转而不供给燃料。
战术优化控制通路350作用于基本上稳定状态的输入从而选择优选发动机状态以及确定从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入扭矩。战术优化控制通路350包括优化方案(‘战术优化’)354,从而来确定用于操作发动机14处于全缸状态(‘输入扭矩Full’)、处于停缸状态(‘输入扭矩Deac’)、处于燃料切断的全缸状态(‘输入扭矩Full FCO’)、处于燃料切断的停缸状态(‘输入扭矩Deac FCO’)和优选发动机状态(‘最佳发动机状态’)的优选输入扭矩。到优化方案354的输入包括变速器10的提前运行档位状态(‘提前混合范围状态’)、提前预测输入加速曲线(‘提前输入加速曲线预测’)和在提前运行档位状态下通过每个致动离合器的预测离合器作用扭矩范围(‘预测离合器作用扭矩Min/Max’),其优选地在换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案320中产生。进一步的输入包括预测电功率限制(‘预测电池功率限制’)、预测加速输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求预测加速’)和预测制动输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求预测制动’)。用于加速的预测输出扭矩请求通过预测输出扭矩修正滤波器352修正,同时考虑轮轴扭矩响应类型,以产生预测加速输出扭矩(‘To Accel Prdtd’)并与用于制动的预测输出扭矩请求结合在一起用来确定净预测输出扭矩(‘To Net Prdtd’),它们是优化方案354的输入。变速器10的提前运行档位状态包括变速器10的运行档位状态的时间移位提前,从而适应于在运行档位状态被命令的改变与实际的运行档位状态之间的响应时间延迟。因此变速器10的提前运行档位状态是命令运行档位状态。提前预测输入加速曲线包括输入元件12的预测输入加速曲线的时间移位提前,从而适应于在预测输入加速曲线中被命令的改变和在预测输入加速曲线中测量到的改变之间的响应时间延迟。因此提前预测输入加速曲线是在时间移位之后发生的输入元件12的预测输入加速曲线。被称为‘提前’的参数被用来适应于使用具有不同响应时间的装置通过动力系的扭矩在共同输出元件64转换处会集的同时传递。具体地,发动机14可以具有300-600毫秒数量级的响应时间,并且每一个扭矩传递离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75可以具有150-300毫秒数量级的响应时间,以及第一电机56和第二电机72可以具有10毫秒数量级的响应时间。
优化方案354确定用于操作发动机14处于发动机状态的成本,所述成本包括操作发动机处于燃料供应并且全缸状态(‘PCOST FULL FUEL’)、操作发动机处于没有燃料供应并且全缸状态(‘PCOST FULL FCO’)、操作发动机处于供油并且停缸状态(‘PCOST DEAC FUEL’)、操作发动机处于没有燃料供应并且停缸状态(‘PCOST DEAC FCO’)。之前提到的用于操作发动机14的成本与实际发动机状态(‘实际发动机状态’)以及容许或者允许发动机状态(‘允许发动机状态’)一起被输入到稳定分析方案(‘稳定和仲裁’)356,从而来选择其中一种发动机状态作为优选发动机状态(‘优选发动机状态’)。
用来操作发动机14处于燃料被切断或者没有被切断的全缸状态和停缸状态的优选输入扭矩被输入到发动机扭矩转换计算器355并且分别被转换成处于全缸状态和停缸状态(‘全缸状态发动机扭矩’和‘停缸状态发动机扭矩’)下的以及燃料切断时的处于全缸状态(‘燃料切断全缸状态发动机扭矩’)和停缸状态(‘燃料切断停缸状态发动机扭矩’)下的优选发动机扭矩,通过考虑在发动机14和变速器10之间的扭矩消耗部件,例如液压泵。优选发动机扭矩和优选发动机状态包括到发动机状态控制方案370的输入。
用于操作发动机14的成本包括基于包括车辆驾驶性能、燃料经济性、排放和电池使用在内的因素而被确定的操作成本。成本被分配并且与燃料和电能的消耗有关,并且与混合动力系的特定工作点有关。较低的运行成本可以与高转换效率下的较低的燃料消耗、较低的电池功率使用以及较低的排放有关,并且还要考虑到发动机14的当前运行状态。
在处于全缸状态和停缸状态下的优选发动机状态和优选发动机扭矩被输入到发动机状态控制方案370,其包括发动机状态机(‘发动机状态机’)372。发动机状态机372基于优选发动机扭矩和优选发动机状态确定目标发动机扭矩(‘目标发动机扭矩’)和发动机状态(‘目标发动机状态’)。目标发动机扭矩和发动机状态被输入到转换滤波器374,其滤波目标发动机扭矩,以提供已滤波目标发动机扭矩(‘已滤波目标发动机扭矩’)并允许发动机状态之间的变换。发动机状态机372输出命令,该命令指示从停缸状态和全缸状态(‘DEAC选择’)中选择一个,以及指示从发动机燃料供应状态和减速燃料切断状态(‘FCO选择’)中选择一个。
从停缸状态和全缸状态中选择的一个以及从发动机燃料供应状态和减速燃料切断状态中选择的一个、已滤波目标发动机扭矩以及最小和最大发动机扭矩被输入到发动机响应类型确定方案380。
系统约束控制通路360确定对于输入扭矩的约束,包括能够被变速器10反作用的最小和最大输入扭矩(‘最小混合动力输入扭矩’和‘最大混合动力输入扭矩’)。最小和最大输入扭矩基于对于变速器10、第一电机56和第二电机72和ESD 74的约束而被确定,其影响变速器10和电机56和72的性能。
到系统约束控制通路360的输入包括与扭矩干预控制结合的由加速踏板113测量到的即时输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求加速即时’)和与扭矩干预控制结合的由制动踏板112测量到的即时输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求制动即时’)。即时输出扭矩请求通过即时输出扭矩修正滤波器362修正,同时考虑轮轴扭矩响应类型产生的即时加速输出扭矩,并与用于制动的即时输出扭矩请求结合在一起来确定净即时输出扭矩(‘To Net Immed’)。净即时输出扭矩和即时加速输出扭矩是约束方案(‘输出和输入扭矩约束’)364的输入。到约束方案364的其它输入包括变速器10的提前运行档位状态、即时提前输入加速曲线(‘提前输入加速曲线即时’)、在提前运行档位状态中用于每个致动离合器的提前即时离合器作用扭矩范围(‘提前即时离合器作用扭矩Min/Max’)以及战术控制电功率限制(‘战术控制电功率限制’),战术控制电功率限制包括从最小战术控制电功率限制PBAT_MIN_TC到最大战术控制电功率限制PBAT_MAX_TC的范围。战术控制电功率限制从电池功率功能(‘电池功率控制’)366被输出。电池功率功能(‘电池功率控制’)366基于与最小和最大短期和长期电功率限制(‘PBAT_MIN_ST’、‘PBAT_MAX_ST’、‘PBAT_MIN_LT’和‘PBAT_MAX_LT’)和最小和最大电池电压(‘VBAT_MIN_BASE’、‘VBAT_MAX_BASE’)有关的可用电池功率(‘PBAT’)和电压(‘VBAT’)确定战术控制电功率约束。目标提前输入加速曲线包括输入元件12的即时输入加速曲线的时间移位提前,以适应于在即时输入加速曲线中被命令的改变和即时输入加速曲线中测量到的改变之间的响应时间延迟。提前即时离合器作用扭矩范围包括离合器的即时离合器作用扭矩范围时间移位提前,以适应于在即时离合器作用扭矩范围中被命令的改变和即时离合器作用扭矩范围中测量到的改变之间的响应时间延迟。约束系统364确定变速器10的输出扭矩范围,然后基于之前提到的输入而确定能够被变速器10作用的最小和最大输入扭矩。
此外,约束方案364输入即时发动机扭矩请求并基于驾驶员扭矩请求和约束方案364的其他输入输出即时电功率PBAT_IMMED,那是当发动机14以即时发动机扭矩运行并且第一电机56和第二电机72以优选电动机扭矩运行时的ESD 74的估算电池输出功率。
最小和最大输入扭矩被输入到发动机扭矩转换计算器355并且被转换成最小和最大发动机扭矩(分别是‘发动机扭矩混合动力最小’和‘发动机扭矩混合动力最大’),通过考虑在发动机14和变速器10之间的扭矩消耗部件,例如液压泵、寄生的和被引入的其它载荷。
已滤波目标发动机扭矩、发动机状态机372的输出和最小和最大发动机扭矩被输入到发动机响应类型确定方案380。发动机响应类型确定方案380把已滤波目标发动机扭矩限制到最小和最大混合发动机扭矩并输出发动机命令到ECM 23用以把发动机扭矩控制到即时发动机扭矩请求(‘发动机扭矩请求即时’)和预测发动机扭矩请求(‘发动机扭矩请求预测’)。其他命令控制发动机状态处于发电机燃料供应状态和燃料切断状态(‘FCO请求’)中的一个以及处于停缸状态以及全缸状态(‘DEAC请求’)中的一个。另一个输出包括发动机响应类型(‘发动机响应类型’)。当已滤波目标发动机扭矩处在最小和最大发动机扭矩之间的范围内时,发动机响应类型是不活动的。当已滤波目标发动机扭矩降到低于发动机扭矩最大约束(‘发动机扭矩混合动力最大’)时,发动机响应类型是活动的,指示发动机扭矩需要立即改变,例如通过发动机点火控制来改变发动机扭矩使其落入到最小和最大发动机扭矩约束范围之内。
图6示出了约束方案364的细节,包括最大输入扭矩修正功能500和最小输入扭矩修正功能501。图7采用图形描述了最大输入扭矩修正功能500和最小输入扭矩修正功能501的输入和输出对经历时间的函数,包括原始最大输入扭矩(‘原始输入扭矩混合动力最大值’)、最大输入扭矩(‘输入扭矩混合动力最大值’)、原始最小输入扭矩(‘原始输入扭矩混合动力最小值’)和最小输入扭矩(‘输入扭矩混合动力最小值’)。原始最大输入扭矩和原始最小输入扭矩基于净即时输出扭矩、即时加速输出扭矩、变速器10提前操作范围状态、即时提前输入加速曲线、每个处于提前操作范围状态的致动离合器的提前即时离合器作用扭矩范围和战术控制电功率约束在约束方案364内被计算。
最大输入扭矩修正功能500利用单位延迟功能502(‘单位延迟’)、累加功能504(‘累加’)、滤波器响应时间确定功能506(‘滤波器响应时间确定’)和滤波器508(‘滤波器’)修正原始最大输入扭矩以确定最大输入扭矩。单位延迟功能502接收来自滤波器508的最大输入扭矩(‘输入扭矩混合动力最大值’)并在标定时间的延迟(优选为单个循环周期)后把延迟的最大输入扭矩输出到累加功能504。累加功能504确定原始最大输入扭矩和延迟最大输入扭矩之间的差为最大输入扭矩差(‘TI最大差’),并把最大输入扭矩差输出到滤波响应时间确定功能506。滤波器响应时间确定功能确定滤波器响应时间(‘滤波器响应时间’)。如果最大输入扭矩差大于阈值,那么滤波响应时间确定功能506输出第一滤波器响应时间。如果最大输入扭矩差小于阈值,那么滤波响应时间确定功能506输出第二滤波器响应时间。
滤波器508(‘滤波器’)基于原始最大输入扭矩、第一和第二滤波器响应时间中选择的一个、取样时间(‘dT’)和由最小输入扭矩修正功能501输出的最小输入扭矩确定最大输入扭矩。在一实施例中,取样时间为25毫秒,那样最大输入扭矩在每25毫秒循环周期内被更新。在一实施例中,滤波器508接收原始最大输入扭矩作为输入,一阶滤波器508确定系统的频率响应,包括当从滤波响应时间确定506接受到第一滤波器响应时间时的第一时间常数和当从滤波响应时间确定506接受到第二滤波器响应时间时的第二时间常数中的一个。在一典型实施例中,第二时间常数大于第一时间常数,这样与第一响应时间输入相比,在第二滤波器响应时间输入时,滤波器508确定具有更大延迟时间的频率响应。
最小输入扭矩修正功能501利用单位延迟功能510(‘单位延迟’)、累加功能512(‘累加’)、滤波器响应时间确定功能514(‘滤波器响应时间确定’)和滤波器516(‘滤波器’)修正最小输入扭矩以确定最小输入扭矩。单位延迟功能510接收来自滤波器516的最小输入扭矩(‘输入扭矩混合动力最小值’)并在标定时间的延迟(优选为单个循环周期)后把延迟的最小输入扭矩输出到累加功能512。累加功能512确定原始最小输入扭矩和延迟最小输入扭矩之间的最小输入扭矩差(‘TI最小差’),并把最小输入扭矩差输出到滤波响应时间确定功能514。滤波器响应时间确定功能确定滤波器响应时间(‘滤波器响应时间’)。如果最小输入扭矩差大于阈值,那么滤波响应时间确定功能514输出第一滤波器响应时间。如果最小输入扭矩差为负值,那么滤波响应时间确定功能514输出第二滤波器响应时间。
滤波器516(‘滤波器’)基于原始最小输入扭矩、第一和第二滤波器响应时间中选择的一个、取样时间(‘dT’)和由最小输入扭矩修正功能501输出的最大输入扭矩确定最小输入扭矩。在一典型的实施例中,滤波器516输入原始最小输入扭矩,并且滤波器516确定一阶系统的频率响应,包括当从滤波响应时间确定514接受到第一滤波器响应时间时的第一时间常数和当从滤波响应时间确定514接受到第二滤波器响应时间时的第二时间常数中的一个。在一典型的实施例中,第二时间常数小于第一时间常数,这样,与滤波器输入第二响应时间相比,在滤波器516输入第一响应时间时滤波器516以更大的延迟时间确定频率响应。与最大输入扭矩修正功能500的第一和第二时间常数和第一和第二响应时间相比,最小输入扭矩修正功能501的第一和第二时间常数和第一和第二响应时间可以相等或包含不同的值。
图7用图形描述了约束方案364一实施例的操作,其中最大输入扭矩满足最大输出扭矩(‘输入混合动力最小值满足输入混合动力最大值’)。滤波器508把滤波器508的频率响应与由最小输入扭矩修正功能501输出的最小输入扭矩做比较,并输出频率响应和最小输入扭矩中的较大者作为最大输出扭矩。因此,最大输入扭矩不会降低到最小输入扭矩以下。同样,滤波器516把滤波器516的频率响应与由最大输入扭矩修正功能501输出的最大输入扭矩做比较,并输出滤波器516频率响应和最大输入扭矩中的较小者作为最小输出扭矩。因此,最小输入扭矩不会超过最大输入扭矩。
图9详述了输出和电动机扭矩确定方案340的信号流,用于控制和管理通过第一电机56和第二电机72的输出扭矩,参考图1和图2中的混合动力系统和图3的控制系统结构和包括最大和最小可用电池功率限制(‘Pbat Min/Max’)的约束进行描述。输出和电动机扭矩确定方案340控制第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩命令,以把净输出扭矩传递到与传动系统90起作用的变速器10的输出元件64并满足驾驶员扭矩请求,受约束和修正影响。本实施例中,输出和电动机扭矩确定方案340优选地包括在6.25毫秒和12.5毫秒的循环周期内定期执行的算法代码和预测标定代码来确定用于控制第一电机56和第二电机72的优选电动机扭矩命令(‘TA’、‘TB’)。
输出和电动机扭矩确定系统340确定并利用多个输入来确定输出扭矩上的约束,从其确定输出扭矩命令(‘To_cmd’)。第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩命令(‘TA’、‘TB’)可以基于输出扭矩命令被确定。到输出和电动机扭矩确定系统340的输入包括驾驶员输入、动力系统输入和约束、和自动控制输入。
驾驶员输入包括即时加速输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求加速即时’)和即时制动输出扭矩请求(‘输出扭矩请求制动即时’)。
自动控制输入包括实现传动系统90的有效缓冲(412)、实现发动机脉冲消除(408)和基于输入输出速度闭环修正(410)实现扭矩偏差。用于第一电机56和第二电机72实现传动系统90的有效缓冲的扭矩偏差可以被确定(‘TaAD’、‘Tb AD’),以例如管理并实现传动系统冲击(lash)调整,并从有效缓冲算法(‘AD’)(412)被输出。实现发动机脉冲消除(‘TA PC’、‘TbPC’)的扭矩偏差在启动和停止发动机期间以及在发动机工作状态(‘ON’)和发动机停止状态(‘OFF’)之间转换期间被确定以消除发动机扭矩的扰动,并从脉冲消除算法(‘PC’)(408)被输出。用于第一电机56和第二电机72实现闭环修正扭矩的扭矩偏差通过监控到变速器10的输入速度和离合器C1 70、C2 62、C3 73和C4 75的离合器滑移速度被确定。当以操作范围状态中的一种模式工作时,用于第一电机56和第二电机72的闭环修正扭矩偏差(‘Ta CL’、‘Tb CL’)可以基于在来自传感器11(‘Ni’)的输入速度和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)之间的差被确定。当以空档工作时,闭环修正基于在来自传感器11(‘Ni’)的输入速度和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)之间的差以及离合器滑移速度和目标离合器滑移速度(例如用于目标离合器C1 70的离合器滑移速度曲线)之间的差。闭环修正扭矩偏差从闭环控制算法(‘CL’)(410)被输出。离合器扭矩(‘Tcl’)包括致动扭矩传递离合器的离合器作用扭矩范围,未处理的离合器滑移速度和未致动离合器的离合器滑移加速可以被确定用于任何当前致动和未锁定(non-locked)离合器的特定的操作范围状态。闭环电动机扭矩偏差和实现传动系统90有效缓冲的电动机扭矩偏差被输入到低通滤波器以确定第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩修正量(‘TALPF’和‘TBLPF’)(405)。
动力系统输入和来自电池功率功能(‘电池功率控制’)(466)的最大电动机扭矩控制电功率限制(‘PBAT_MAX_MT’)和最小电动机扭矩控制电功率限制(‘PBAT_MIN_MT’)、操作范围状态(‘混合范围状态’)和多个系统输入和约束(‘系统输入和约束’)。系统输入可以包括动力系统和操作范围状态特定的标量参数,并可以涉及输入元件12、输出元件64和离合器的速度和加速度。本实施例中,其他系统输入涉及系统惯性、缓冲和机械/电子动力转换效率。约束包括从扭矩机,例如第一电机56和第二电机72,输出的最大和最小电动机扭矩输出(‘TaMin/Max’、‘Tb Min/Max’),和致动离合器的最大和最小离合器作用扭矩。其他系统输入包括输入扭矩、离合器滑移速度和其他有关状态。
包括输入加速曲线(‘Nidot_Prof’)和离合器滑移加速曲线(‘离合器滑移加速曲线’)的输入,连同系统输入、操作范围状态和第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩修正(‘TALPF’和‘TBLPF’)一起,被输入到预优化算法(415)。输入加速曲线为即将到来的输入加速度的估算,优选地包括即将到来的循环周期的目标输入加速度。离合器滑移加速曲线为一个或多个未致动离合器即将到来的离合器加速度的估算,优选地包括即将到来的循环周期的目标离合器滑移加速度。优化输入(‘优化输入’),其可以包括电动机扭矩、离合器扭矩和输出扭矩的值,可以被计算用于当前操作范围状态并被用于优化算法以确定最大和最小原始输出扭矩约束(440)以及确定第一电机56和第二电机72之间开环扭矩命令的优选分离(440’)。分析优化输入、最大和最小电池功率限制、系统输入和当前操作范围状态以确定优选或最优输出扭矩(‘To Opt’)和最小和最大原始输出扭矩约束(‘To Min Raw’、‘To Max Raw’)(440),其可以被修正和滤波(420)。优选输出扭矩(‘To Opt’)包括受约束于驾驶员扭矩请求最小化电池功率的输出扭矩。即时加速输出扭矩请求和即时制动输出扭矩请求各自被修正和滤波并受约束于最小和最大输出扭矩约束(‘To Min Filt’、‘To Max Filt’),以确定最小和最大滤波输出扭矩请求约束(‘To Min Req Filt’、‘To Max Req Filt’)。受约束加速输出扭矩请求(‘To Req Accel Cnstrnd’)和受约束制动输出扭矩请求(‘ToReq Brake Cnstrnd’)可以基于最小和最大滤波输出扭矩请求约束(425)被确定。
进一步的,变速器10的再生制动容量(‘Opt再生容量’)包括变速器10反作用于传动系统扭矩的容量,并可以基于包括来自于扭矩机的最大和最小电动机扭矩和致动离合器的最大和最小作用扭矩被确定,同时考虑电池功率限制。再生制动容量建立即时制动输出扭矩请求的最大值。再生制动容量基于受约束加速输出扭矩请求和优选输出扭矩之间的差被确定。受约束加速输出扭矩请求被修正和滤波并和受约束制动输出扭矩请求结合在一起,以确定净输出扭矩命令。净输出扭矩命令与最小和最大请求滤波输出扭矩比较以确定输出扭矩命令(‘To_cmd’)(430)。当净输出扭矩命令在最大和最小请求滤波输出扭矩之间时,输出扭矩命令被设定为净输出扭矩命令。当净输出扭矩命令超出最大请求滤波输出扭矩时,输出扭矩命令被设定为最大请求滤波输出扭矩。当净输出扭矩命令小于最小请求滤波输出扭矩时,输出扭矩命令被设定为最小请求滤波输出扭矩命令。
动力系统运行被监控并和输出扭矩命令结合在一起来确定第一电机56和第二电机72之间开环扭矩命令的优选分离,以满足起作用的离合器扭矩容量(‘Ta Opt’和‘Tb Opt’),并提供关于优选电池功率(‘Pbat Opt’)(440’)的反馈。减去第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩修正(‘Ta LPF’和‘Tb LPF’)来确定开环电动机扭矩命令(‘Ta OL’和‘Tb OL’)(460)。
开环电动机扭矩命令和包括实现传动系统90的有效缓冲(412)、实现发动机脉冲消除(408)和基于输入和离合器滑移速度实现闭环修正(410)的扭矩偏差的自动控制输入结合在一起以确定控制第一电机56和第二电机72的电动机扭矩TA和TB(470)。前面提到过约束、修正和滤波输出扭矩请求以确定输出扭矩命令的步骤优选地为前馈运行,其基于输入起作用并利用算法代码计算扭矩命令,所述输出扭矩命令被转换成第一电机56和第二电机72的扭矩命令。
所设计的系统运行导致基于当前运行和动力系统约束确定输出扭矩约束。驾驶员扭矩请求基于到制动踏板和加速踏板的驾驶员输入被确定。驾驶员扭矩请求可以被约束、修正和滤波以确定输出扭矩命令,包括确定优选再生制动容量。输出扭矩命令可以被确定,其基于约束和驾驶员扭矩请求被限定。输出扭矩命令通过命令扭矩机的运行执行。系统运行实现动力系统运行,其响应于驾驶员扭矩请求并在系统约束内。系统运行导致根据驾驶员驾驶性能要求修正的输出扭矩,包括在再生制动运行期间的稳定运行。
优化算法(440、440’)包括执行用于确定响应于驾驶员扭矩请求最小化电池功率消耗的动力系统控制参数的算法。优化算法440包括基于系统输入和约束、当前运行档位状态和可用电池功率限制监控机电混合动力系(例如之前描述的动力系统)的当前运行工况。对于候选输入扭矩,优化算法440计算动力系统输出,其响应于包括前面提到的输出扭矩命令的系统输入并在来自于第一电机56和第二电机72的最大和最小电动机扭矩范围内、在可用电池功率范围内、在来自变速器10当前操作范围状态的致动离合器的离合器作用扭矩范围内,并考虑系统惯性、缓冲、离合器滑移和电力/机械动力转换效率。优选地,动力系统输出包括优选输出扭矩(‘To Opt’)、可从第一电机56和第二电机72得到的扭矩输出(‘Ta Opt’、‘Tb Opt’)和与可得到的扭矩输出有关的优选电池功率(‘Pbat Opt’)。
图10示出了输出扭矩修正功能(420)的细节,其中最小和最大原始输出扭矩约束(‘To Min Raw’、‘To Max Raw’)被修正和滤波。输出扭矩修正功能(420)包括最大输出扭矩修正功能520和最小输出扭矩修正功能521。最大输出扭矩修正功能520包括单位延迟功能522(‘单位延迟’)、累加功能524(‘累加’)、滤波器响应时间确定功能526(‘滤波器响应时间确定’)和滤波器528(‘滤波器’)。
最大输出扭矩修正功能520修正原始最大输出扭矩来确定最大输出扭矩约束(‘To Max Filt’),其利用与最大输入扭矩修正功能500用来修正最大输入扭矩以确定如上所述的最大输入扭矩的方法基本上类似的方法。滤波器528基于原始最大输入扭矩(‘To Max Raw’)、滤波器响应时间(‘滤波器响应时间’)、取样时间(‘dT’)和最大输入扭矩(‘To Min Raw’)确定最大输入扭矩。在一实施例中,滤波器528输入原始最大输入扭矩,且滤波器528具有一阶系统的频率响应。
最小输出扭矩修正功能521包括单位延迟功能530(‘单位延迟’)、累加功能532(‘累加’)、滤波器响应时间确定功能534(‘滤波器响应时间确定’)和滤波器536(‘滤波器’),其利用与最小输入扭矩修正功能501用来修正原始最小输入扭矩以确定如上所述的最小输入扭矩的方法基本上类似的方法。滤波器536基于原始最小输入扭矩、滤波器响应时间、取样时间(‘dT’)和由最小输入扭矩修正功能521输出的最大输入扭矩确定最小输入扭矩。在一实施例中,滤波器536输入原始最小输入扭矩,且滤波器536具有一阶系统的频率响应。
滤波器528把滤波器528的频率响应与原始最大输出扭矩比较并输出频率响应和原始最大输入扭矩中的较大者作为最大输出扭矩。因此,最大输出扭矩不会降低到原始最小输入扭矩以下。同样的,滤波器536把滤波器536的频率响应与原始最大输出扭矩比较并输出滤波器536的频率响应和原始最大输入扭矩中的较小者作为最小输出扭矩。因此,最小输出扭矩不会超出原始最大输入扭矩。
本发明已经描述了某些最佳实施例和其变型。在阅读和理解了说明书后,可以得到更多变型和改变。因此本发明意图不限于已揭露的作为试图实施本发明的最好方式的特定的实施例,而是本发明将包括落入附加的权利要求书范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于控制动力系统的方法,所述动力系统包括变速器装置、发动机和连接到能量存储装置的第二扭矩产生装置,所述变速器装置可操作在输出元件、发动机和第二扭矩产生装置之间传递动力,该方法包括:
监测发动机、变速器装置和能量存储装置的运行状况;
基于所述运行状况确定用于在动力系统内传递动力的第一功率约束和第二功率约束;
当第一功率约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波所述第一功率约束;以及
当第一功率约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波所述第一功率约束。
2.如权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一和第二功率约束包括用于在动力系统内约束输出扭矩的扭矩约束。
3.如权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
其中所述第一功率约束和第二功率约束分别为最大功率约束和最小功率约束;
当最大功率约束降低时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波最大功率约束;以及
当最大功率约束增加时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波最大功率约束,
其中第二滤波器响应时间具有比第一滤波器响应时间更大的时间延迟。
4.如权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
其中所述第一功率约束和第二功率约束分别为最小功率约束和最大功率约束;
当最小功率约束增加时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波最小功率约束;以及
当最小功率约束降低时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波最小功率约束,
其中第二滤波器响应时间具有比第一滤波器响应时间更大的时间延迟。
5.如权利要求4的方法,进一步包括:
当最大功率约束增加时利用第三滤波器响应时间滤波最大功率约束;以及
当最大功率约束降低时利用第四滤波器响应时间滤波最大功率约束,
其中第四滤波器响应时间具有比第三滤波器响应时间更大的时间延迟。
6.如权利要求5的方法,进一步包括当最大功率约束降低和最小功率约束降低时以及当最大功率约束达到最小功率约束时,把最大功率约束设定为最小功率约束。
7.如权利要求5的方法,进一步包括当最大功率约束增加和最小功率约束增加时以及当最小功率约束达到最大功率约束时,把最小功率约束设定为最大功率约束。
8.如权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
确定用于约束从所述发动机到所述变速器装置的输入扭矩的第一和第二输入扭矩约束;
当输入扭矩约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波第一输入扭矩约束;以及
当输入扭矩约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波第一输入扭矩约束。
9.如权利要求8的方法,进一步包括:
确定驾驶员扭矩请求;以及
基于所述运行状况和所述驾驶员扭矩请求确定第一和第二输入扭矩约束。
10.如权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
确定用于约束从所述变速器装置到所述输出元件的输出扭矩的第一和第二输出扭矩约束;
当输出扭矩约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波第一输出扭矩约束;以及
当输出扭矩约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波第二输出扭矩约束。
11.如权利要求1的方法,进一步包括将动力系统内传递的动力控制在第一和第二功率约束之间。
12.如权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
监测所述能量存储装置的运行状况,包括所述能量存储装置的输出功率;以及
基于所述能量存储装置的输出功率确定用于在动力系统内传递动力的第一功率约束和第二功率约束。
13.一种用于控制动力系统的方法,所述动力系统包括变速器装置、发动机和连接到能量存储装置的第二扭矩产生装置,所述变速器装置可操作在输出元件、发动机和第二扭矩产生装置之间传递动力,该方法包括:
监测发动机、变速器装置和能量存储装置的运行状况;
基于所述运行状况确定用于在动力系统内传递动力的功率约束;
当所述功率约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波所述功率约束;以及
当所述功率约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波所述功率约束。
14.如权利要求13的方法,进一步包括:
基于所述运行状况确定用于约束从所述发动机到所述变速器装置的输入扭矩的第一输入扭矩约束和第二输入扭矩约束;
当第一输入扭矩约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波第一输入扭矩约束;以及
当第一输入扭矩约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波第一输入扭矩约束。
15.如权利要求14的方法,进一包括:
确定驾驶员扭矩请求;以及
基于所述运行状况和所述驾驶员扭矩请求确定第一和第二输入扭矩约束。
16.如权利要求13的方法,进一步包括:
基于所述运行状况确定用于约束从所述变速器装置到所述输出元件的输出扭矩的第一和第二输出扭矩约束;
当第一输出扭矩约束以第一方向改变时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波第一输出扭矩约束;以及
当第一输出扭矩约束以第二方向改变时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波第一输出扭矩约束。
17.如权利要求13的方法,进一步包括将动力系统内的动力控制在最大功率约束和最小功率约束之间。
18.如权利要求13的方法,进一步包括:
监测所述能量存储装置的运行状况,包括所述能量存储装置的输出功率;以及
基于所述能量存储装置的输出功率确定用于在动力系统内传递动力的功率约束。
19.一种用于控制动力系统的方法,所述动力系统包括变速器装置、发动机和连接到能量存储装置的第二扭矩产生装置,所述变速器装置可操作在输出元件、发动机和第二扭矩产生装置之间传递动力,该方法包括:
监测发动机、变速器装置和能量存储装置的运行状况;
基于所述运行状况确定用于在动力系统内传递动力的最大扭矩约束和最小扭矩约束;
当最大扭矩约束在降低时利用第一滤波器响应时间滤波最大扭矩约束;
当最大扭矩约束在增加时利用第二滤波器响应时间滤波最大扭矩约束,
当最小扭矩约束在增加时利用第三滤波器响应时间滤波最小扭矩约束;以及
当最小扭矩约束在降低时利用第四滤波器响应时间滤波最小扭矩约束。
20.如权利要求19的方法,其中第二滤波器响应时间具有比第一滤波器响应时间更大的时间延迟,第四滤波器响应时间具有比第三滤波器响应时间更大的时间延迟。
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