CN101589589B - 提供分组流管理的可扩展性 - Google Patents

提供分组流管理的可扩展性 Download PDF

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CN101589589B
CN101589589B CN200780050309.XA CN200780050309A CN101589589B CN 101589589 B CN101589589 B CN 101589589B CN 200780050309 A CN200780050309 A CN 200780050309A CN 101589589 B CN101589589 B CN 101589589B
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CN101589589A (zh
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K·阿加瓦尔
R·盖赫
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Cisco Technology Inc
Vihana Inc
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Starent Networks LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H04L47/125—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/38—Flow based routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/72—Routing based on the source address
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H04L45/7453—Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2483—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1016—IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102—Gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/102—Gateways
    • H04L65/1023—Media gateways
    • H04L65/103—Media gateways in the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1045—Proxies, e.g. for session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
    • H04L65/1046—Call controllers; Call servers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H04L65/1104—Session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/912—Applications of a database
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S707/912—Applications of a database
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S707/918—Location

Abstract

提供了用于在通信网络中管理分组流的系统和方法。可以在不同级别高速缓存分组信息，并用来避免外部查询。高速缓存信息也可以与其他信息类型关联，如位置信息，以便能够比要在进行一个或多个外部查询的情况更快地提供该信息。多路分解管理器可以提供路由和会话建立，通过将已经具有会话的分组路由到会话管理器，并且在这些分组还没有分配给会话的情况下，将它们分配给会话管理器。分层的体系结构也向许多用户提供可扩展性，甚至在高呼叫量的情况下也能最小化延迟，因为负载可以在网关的多个资源之间分布。

Description

提供分组流管理的可扩展性
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2006年12月7日提出的标题为“Apparatus and Method for Providing a Call SessionControl Function”的美国临时专利申请No.60/873,493的优先权，在此全文引用了该申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在通信网络中提供分组流管理的系统和方法。
背景技术
无线通信系统和网络与许多应用一起使用，包括，例如，卫星通信系统、便携式数字助理(PDA)、笔记本电脑，以及蜂窝电话。这样的应用的用户获得的一个显著的优点是能够连接到网络(例如，因特网)，只要用户在这样的无线通信系统的范围之内。
当前无线通信系统使用电路交换和分组交换中的任何一个或者两者的组合，以便向移动节点提供移动数据服务。移动节点可以是手机、PDA、蓝莓、带有无线网卡的笔记本电脑，或任何其他无线设备。一般而言，利用基于电路的方法，无线数据使用物理交换通路，通过数据的发送方和接收方之间的专用的(和不中断的)连接来进行传输的。一旦建立了直接连接，只要发送方和接收方有数据要交换，它就一直保持。建立这样的直接而专用的交换通路导致网络资源的固定份额一直被捆绑，直到连接被关闭。当不再需要发送方和接收方之间的物理连接时，它就被断开，网络资源根据需要被分配给其他用户。
另一方面，基于分组的方法，不会永久地向给定呼叫分配传输资源，并且不要求在数据的发送方和接收方之间建立和拆卸物理连接。一般而言，基于分组的方法中的数据流是“分组化的”，其中，数据被分成单独的信息段，每一段都接收“标头”信息，该信息可以提供，例如，源信息、目的地信息、关于分组中的比特的数量的信息，优先级信息，以及安全信息。然后，分组被基于标头信息独立地路由到目的地。分组流可以包括许多分组或单个分组。可以向分组流应用服务，如合法的截取(搭线)、虚拟专用网络(VPN)，以及防火墙。
基于分组的通信的发展的一部分是开发了IP多媒体子系统(IMS)。IMS是用于向移动节点提供因特网协议(IP)多媒体的体系结构框架。呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)可以管理在IMS核心中产生的许多信令。CSCF功能可以在逻辑上被分成三个功能：代理-CSCF(P-CSCF)、查询CSCF(I-CSCF)，以及服务CSCF(S-CSCF)。另外，CSCF功能是为了包括在两个不同的拓扑中而由两个不同的组构想的：全球移动通信系统(GSM)和CDMA 2000。第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)负责处理GSM系统，第三代合作伙伴计划2(3GPP2)负责和CDMA系统一起使用的并基于3GPPIMS概念的多媒体域(MMD)。利用IMS和MMD，描述了多个不同的功能，如果没有在功能之间管理分组流，则会出现问题。
发明内容
公开了在通信网络中提供分组流管理的系统和方法。在某些实施例中，通信网络中的网关包括：驻留在网关中的多路分解管理器，用于处理一个或多个传入的分组，高速缓存关于新进程实例分配情况的信息，并向新的分组流分配进程实例，高速缓存关于会话的信息的进程实例，所述会话正由该进程实例在网关中的计算机可读取的介质中进行处理，以及驻留在网关中的、由进程实例建立的、将匹配指定的信息的传入的分组路由到对应的进程实例的网络处理单元流。
在某些实施例中，处理分组的方法包括在网关接收分组，判断该分组是否匹配有限的条件集，并且如果有匹配，则将该分组转发到对应的进程实例，否则，转发到多路分解管理器，在多路分解管理器分析该分组，以判断是否要分配新进程实例来处理新的分组流，以及确定如何路由分组，以及在从多路分解管理器中分配的进程实例接收新的分组并创建带有新的分组中的信息的高速缓存条目。
附图说明
图1是显示了根据某些实施例的IP多媒体子系统(IMS)体系结构的方框图；
图2是显示了根据某些实施例的多媒体域(MMD)体系结构的方框图；
图3是根据某些实施例的用于管理分组流的网关的组件的方框图；
图4是根据某些实施例的流过网关和功能之间的流的方框图；
图5是根据某些实施例的网关内的组件的实现方式的方框图；以及
图6是根据某些实施例的提供分组流管理的过程的流程图。
具体实施方式
在某些实施例中，说明了用于提供通信网络上的基于分组的流的管理的系统和方法。可以使用网关来实现IP多媒体子系统(IMS)和多媒体域(MMD)体系结构的分组流的管理。可以通过硬件和软件的组合来提供分组流定向和IMS和MMD功能的物理映射。可以有一个或多个网络处理单元、线卡，以及分组和语音处理卡驻留在网关内。诸如网络处理单元(NPU)流、多路分解管理器、会话管理器，以及注册器之类的软件模块可以在许多功能之间提供物理映射和分组流。还可以以可扩展的方式建立软件模块，以提供物理映射和分组流方向，如此，在某些实施例中，可以分散很大的呼叫量，以最小化呼叫/会话建立的延迟。
图1显示了IP多媒体子系统(IMS)，显示了根据某些实施例的网络结构的逻辑组件。图1包括P-CSCF 110、I-CSCF 112、S-CSCF 114、归属用户服务器(HSS)116、用户位置功能(SLF)118、用户设备(UE)120、出口网关控制功能(BGCF)122、媒体网关控制功能(MGCF)124、媒体网关(MGW)126、公用交换电话网(PSTN)128、多媒体资源控制器(MRFC)130，以及多媒体资源功能处理器(MRFP)132。HSS 116是主用户数据库，该数据库支持处理呼叫、会话的S-CSCF或其他网络实体。HSS 116存储了诸如用户资料之类的与预订相关的信息，进行用户身份验证和授权，并可以提供有关用户的物理位置的信息。当在网络中使用了多个HSS时，可以使用SLF 118将查询定向到存储了信息的HSS 116。旧式信令网也可以使用HSS的服务。MRFC 130与S-CSCF 114进行通信，并控制MRFP 132实现与媒体相关的功能。MRFC 130和MRFP 132的组合提供归属网络中的媒体的源。BGCF 122是可以基于电话号码进行路由的服务器，当呼叫电路交换网上的电话时，可以使用它。使用MGCF 124和MGW 126来来自IMS的信令转换为适用于PSTN128电路交换网的信令。IP多媒体网络可以包括应用程序服务器及向用户设备(或移动节点)120提供服务的其他网络实体。用户设备(或移动节点)可以包括手机、个人数字助理(PDA)或笔记本电脑。
图2显示了较大的网络内的多媒体域(MMD)系统210。MMD系统210包括与图1的IMS系统的许多相同功能，但是，进一步包括与接入网络214进行通信的接入网关/外地代理212，以及向移动站218(或移动节点)提供移动IP支持的归属代理216。可以包括在IMS或MMD网络中的策略决策功能(PDF)存储了管理用户的会话的策略。诸如开放系统体系结构(OSA)应用程序服务器222和SIP应用程序服务器224之类的应用程序服务器，提供诸如基于位置的服务、视频、电子邮件、聊天、游戏，及其他数据和多媒体内容之类的应用。
如图1和2所示，可以在IMS和MMD网络中包括许多功能。这些功能中的多个功能用于提供，例如，在IP上传送话音(VoIP)路由和增强的服务，如增强的收费、有状态的防火墙、流量性能优化(TPO)。在某些实施例中，这些功能中的一个或多个功能可以由网络中的诸如网关之类的单一实体提供。可以执行这些功能与网络中的实体的物理映射，以最小化会话建立的延迟，并减轻物理实体的管理，甚至随着会话的数量的增大，也是如此。随着会话的数量增大，负载可能需要在执行相同任务的一个或多个实体之间分配，实体可以是逻辑的，网关内部的，或者是物理的。
图3显示了根据某些实施例的网关的控制面体系结构。会话管理器310服务并处理用户设备/移动用户的用户会话数据流。会话管理器310(是如上文所描述的相同会话管理器)包括诸如系统服务层312、呼叫处理层314，以及呼叫处理支持服务层316之类的功能层。系统服务层312提供用于将指令传递到会话管理器和其他层的接口。包括了命令行接口(CLI)318以及网络处理单元320接口。呼叫处理层314包括服务代理/服务控制交互管理器(SCIM)322、CSCF核心324，该CSCF核心324包括I-CSCF 326、P-CSCF 328，以及S-CSCF 330、统一消息映射接口332、应用程序334，以及SIP堆栈336。应用程序334包括注册器功能。注册器功能高速缓存关于用户和会话的信息，无需查询外部数据库，即可查找这些信息。在某些实施例中，CSCF核心包括其中一个CSCF功能，例如，P-CSCF。呼叫处理支持服务层316包括各种服务，如路由和地址转换服务338、用户管理服务340、变化接口服务342、媒体接口服务344、QoS策略接口服务346、安全接口348，以及管理服务器接口350。
请看呼叫处理层314，此层包括信令协议和使用通用SIP作为应用程序编程接口(API)的呼叫控制。信令协议可以是SIP，也可以是诸如ISUP、MGCP或H.323之类的其他协议。此外，呼叫处理层314允许通过统一映射接口在SIP变体及其他协议之间进行交互。统一映射接口可以将协议特定的消息和参数转换为通用SIP like API格式。在某些实施例中，使用SIP like消息，因为SIP具有最大的消息集，并可以覆盖SIP和其他协议的可能的消息发送情况。呼叫处理层314也可以提供对不必由CSCF核心处理的数据的透明性(通过将该信息放入封套中)。不相关的参数可以放置在封套中，并保持不加修改。CSCF核心允许任何文本字符串，作为呼叫和被叫号码，号码不需要只限于E.164号码。号码可以是，例如，Address of Record(AoR)或任何带有域名的名称字符串。
在某些实施例中，网关可以实现用于提供可扩展性和会话启动协议(SIP)分组流管理的许多不同的方法。基于端口号的路由方法给用户提供用于发送和接收请求和响应的端口。端口将请求和响应定向到分配给用户的会话管理器。NPU流可以安装在该端口上，以识别从特定用户发出的分组流。在另一种方法中，例如，分组/消息可以经过SIP多路分解管理器，而SIP多路分解管理器可以将分组/消息定向到适当的会话管理器实例或功能。在其他实施例中，可以基于移动节点的IP地址和端口号，为每一个注册的移动节点安装NPU流。在某些实施例中，可以通过会话管理器的注册器功能来安装NPU流。当移动节点作为注册过程的一部分发送其联系IP地址和端口号时，注册器可以高速缓存联系信息，并安装目的地IP地址和端口号的NPU流。
多路分解管理器352驻留在信号路由层354中，如图3所示。带有多路分解管理器的信号路由层354可以判断将分组流发送到哪里进行处理。分组流可以发送到进程实例，以便进行进一步的处理和/或信号处理。可以使用多路分解管理器来分析进入网关的分组流或流量。此分析可以包含分组嗅探、从分组标头中提取信息，对提取的信息进行分拣，深入的分组检查，以及对从一个或多个分组中获取的信息进行处理。由多路分解管理器分析的消息可以包含可以被提取(或嗅探)的信息，如分配给移动节点的IP地址，网络访问标识符(NAI)、国际移动用户标识(IMSI)、移动用户标识(MSID)、关联-ID(对于CDMA实现方式)、用户数据记录(UDR)、事件数据记录(EDR)、呼叫站ID，和/或任何其他适用的信息。
多路分解管理器还可以在网关内部的功能和其他功能所映射到的物理实体之间定向分组流。在定向分组流时，多路分解管理器可以使分组流转向以平衡负载。例如，如果分组要发送到一个以上的功能，而顺序无关紧要，则多路分解管理器会将分组发送到负载最小的或不太阻塞的功能。在某些实施例中，多路分解管理器可以基于不同的功能上的未完成的分组或根据当一个或多个分组返回到多路分解管理器时的延迟，确定拥塞情况。从分组中提取的信息可以本地高速缓存在信号路由层中，无需从外部数据库中检索信息，即可进行处理。
在某些实施例中，传入的分组被发送到多路分解管理器中的先进先出(FIFO)队列。将队列的最前面的分组从队列中分离，并检测，看看该分组已经在队列中等待了多长时间。如果分组已经等待了比预设的时间更长的时间，则认为该分组太旧，将它丢弃。否则，检测该分组，看看是否要建立新的会话，或者分组是否要被路由到会话管理器实例或其他功能。如果要建立新的会话，则调用会话管理器选择例程，并将分组转发到选定的会话管理器。属于已经建立的会话的分组将被转发到以前选定的对应的会话管理器。多路分解管理器可以维持一个会话管理器的列表，并向每一个会话管理器分配一个加权负载因素。按照加权负载因素对列表进行排序，如此，对于新的会话，可以选择负载最小的会话管理器。
在某些实施例中，负载因素可以通过计算下列参数来确定：有效会话的数量、休眠的会话、未完成的请求、往返时间，以及其中运行了会话管理器的处理单元上的负载。负载因素可以通过获取每一个参数的最大值并确定每一个会话管理器相对于最大值如何来计算。给每一个参数分配了一个百分比，总数相加等于100。可以定期更新参数和列表的排序次序。取决于可用性和列表中指出的负载级别，也可以动态地添加新的会话管理器。
如上文所提及的，在某些实施例中，多路分解管理器检测分组，并完成一定量的处理。处理可以涉及分析分组标头，以提取某些字段中的信息，此信息中的某些或全部被高速缓存，如果信息还没有存储的话。该信息可以用来验证分组的真实性(例如，分组不是系统上的某些攻击的一部分)，并验证分组没有被篡改。可以被高速缓存的信息包括联系人(移动节点的IP地址/完全限定域名)和Address of record/公共用户ID。然后，将分组路由到处理分组的会话的会话管理器。
在某些实施例中，多路分解管理器提供收缩的呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)的分组的处理，可以在网关上利用外部CSCF实体来实现。在某些实施例中，可以基于收缩的CSCF中的规则或规则集，来实现方向处理。图4显示了根据某些实施例的CSCF组件的交互。图4包括网关410、收缩的P-CSCF 412、收缩的I-CSCF414、收缩的S-CSCF 416、访问的网络P-CSCF 418、I-CSCF 420、S-CSCF 422、媒体网关控制功能(MGCF)424，以及边界网关控制功能(BGCF)426。如果分组来自移动节点(MN)或访问的网络P-CSCF 420，那么，可以对始发地址和/或目标地址执行分析。如果两个号码都没有在诸如网关之类的同一个网络设备内注册，那么，分组被代理到外部实体，如下面的路由表中所描述的。
在某些实施例中，多路分解管理器将分组发送到可以处理会话或已经正在处理会话的会话管理器实例。为识别处理会话的会话管理器实例，多路分解管理器基于主叫用户地址或目的地用户地址，判断是否要进行分析。基于消息来自的网络设备或实体，多路分解管理器可以判断是否要寻找源或目的地地址。在某些实施例中，向SIP消息中插入某些专有的参数，以帮助进行决策，无需大量的(如果有的话)补充分析。
多路分解管理器中的识别会话管理器的逻辑可以按如下方式实现。检查通道/源地址。如果此地址匹配一个注册地址，那么，分组来自移动节点。否则，如果通道/源地址匹配其中一个对等服务器地址，那么，使用该信息做出路由判定并执行起始/目标地址分析。否则，如果通道/源地址匹配从服务路由/路径接收到的其中一个缓存的服务器的信息，则使用该信息做出路由判定，并在用户表中添加方向标志位。否则，执行目标地址分析，假设呼叫(或分组)来自网络，如果目标地址也不在散列表中，那么，分配到新的会话管理器。
下面的表描述了根据某些实施例的当网关只充当P-CSCF时由多路分解管理器和/或会话管理器对传入的分组进行的方向处理。P-CSCF从下列组件接收消息：一个或多个移动节点，归属网络I-CSCF，以及归属网络S-CSCF。
  传入的接口   传入的消息   参数处理   方向分析
  移动节点到P-CSCF   注册   P-CSCF添加路径标头   注册从移动节点到达P-CSCF。多路分解管理器分配会话管理器实例，并将注册消息传递到该实例。
  I-CSCF/S-CSCF到P-CSCF   对于注册200ok   P-CSCF存储服务路由信息。   多路分解管理器检查服务路由标头的存在，以识别将要执行的功能。如果存在服务路由标头，则消息可能来自S-CSCF或I-CSCF。否则，多路分解管理器可以执行目的地地址分析，以确定方向。
  移动节点到P-CSCF   非注册对话创建请求   无   如果存在安全关联，则请求进入处理会话的会话管理器实例，因为在安全关联建立过程中交换的端口上发送消息。处理会话的会话管理器在安装过程中交换的端口上接收传入的分组。当要么之前在会话管理器上接收到或者而不是在多路分解管理器接收到时，在会话管理器中执行类似于多路分解管理器的搜索的搜索，以查找方向。如果源IP地址是注册的用户，那么，会话管理器执行P-CSCF功能处理。如果不存在安全关联，则多路分解管理器将分组路由到处理会话的会话管理器实例。可以由多路分解管理器插入专有的标头，指出消息是发往主叫用户的还是目的地用户，以便CSCF核心不必再次执行相同的分析。基于专有的参数，可以警告会话管理器执行P-CSCF功能处理。
  S-CSCF/I-CSCF到P-CSCF   非注册对话创建请求   无   路径标头信息被S-CSCF存储在会话管理器实例中，并可以在来自路由标头中的I-CSCF和S-CSCF的传入的请求中发送。如果此字符串(pcscf_smgr_instance)存在于路由标头的用户名中，则CSCF核心执行P-CSCF处理。此外，也可以警告多路分解管理器，对目的地号码进行分析，并将分析发送到其中注册了目的地用户的会话管理器实例。
下面的表描述了当接收I-CSCF的消息或分组时多路分解管理器和/或会话管理器执行的传入的分组的方向处理。I-CSCF可以从下列接口接收消息：归属P-CSCF 412、访问的网络P-CSCF418、归属S-CSCF 422、外部I-CSCF 420、外部S-CSCF 422，以及外部BGCF 426。
  传入的接口   传入的消息   参数处理   方向分析
  归属/访问的P-CSCF   注册   将接收到的地址存储在通道中，它是P-CSCF地址。   如果路径参数存在，则分组来自P-CSCF，多路分解管理器分配会话管理器(如果不是重新注册或解除注册)并将注册消息传递到会话管理器实例。CSCF核心检查路径标头是否存在。如果配置了I-CSCF功能，而路径标头存在于来自多路分解管理器的注册消息中，则I-CSCF是消息的第一接触点，并执行I-CSCF功能。
  归属S-CSCF   对于注册200ok   存储服务路由标头。   由于服务路由存在，多路分解管理器知道方向，因此，CSCF核心对分组执行I-CSCF功能。
  归属/访问的P-CSCF   非注册对话创建请求   无   多路分解管理器通过检查包括会话管理器实例的路由标头来识别会话管理器实例。CSCF核心检查通道。如果通道是对等服务器或在注册过程中获取的P-CSCF通道地址中的一个，则CSCF核心对于主叫用户执行I-CSCF功能。如果不要求拓扑隐藏，则非注册消息可以直接地到S-CSCF，而绕过I-CSCF。
  外部网络I-CSCF/S-CSCF/bgcf   非注册对话创建请求   无   如果分组不来自P-CSCF接口，则分组是发往目的地用户的，或代理到另一个代理。多路分解管理器执行目的地地址分析，以确定处理会话的会话管理器实例。如果查找到一个，则分组被路由到该实例。在CSCF核心，使用了解的P-CSCF地址，检查分组，以判断分组是来自移动节点还是P-CSCF，以便执行I-CSCF功能处理。否则，执行S-CSCF功能处理。
  归属S-CSCF   非注册对话创建请求   无   由多路分解管理器通过查看对等服务器表来执行方向处理。
下面的表描述了当接收S-CSCF的消息或分组时多路分解管理器和会话管理器执行的传入的分组的方向处理。S-CSCF从下列接口接收消息：P-CSCF 412、访问的网络P-CSCF 418、I-CSCF414、MGCF 424、外部I-CSCF 420、外部S-CSCF 422、外部BGCF 426。
  传入的接口   传入的消息   参数处理   方向分析
  归属I-CSCF   注册   存储路径标头信息。添加服务路由。   如果存在路径参数，则分组来自归属I-CSCF。多路分解管理器分配会话管理器(如果消息不是重新注册或解除注册)并将关联的注册消息分组传递到会话管理器实例。CSCF核心检查路径标头的存在，以判断分组是否来自I-CSCF。
  归属/访问的P-CSCF   非注册对话创建请求   无   多路分解管理器通过检查包括会话管理器实例的路由标头来识别处理会话的会话管理器实例。CSCF核心检查通道，如果通道是在注册过程中了解的其中一个对等服务器或P-CSCF通道地址，则CSCF核心对于主叫用户执行S-CSCF功能。如果没有使用拓扑隐藏，则非注册消息进入S-CSCF而不会去I-CSCF。
  外部网络I-CSCF/S-CSCF/BGCF/MGCF   非注册对话创建请求   无   如果分组不来自P-CSCF接口，则分组被发往目的地用户，或代理到另一个代理。多路分解管理器执行目的地地址分析，以确定处理会话的会话管理器实例。如果查找到一个，则分组被路由到该实例。在CSCF核心，使用了解的P-CSCF地址，检查分组，以确定分组不来自移动节点或P-CSCF，并执行I-CSCF功能处理。否则，执行S-CSCF功能处理。
从上面的表可以认识到，多路分解管理器和包括CSCF核心功能的会话管理器，一起协作，定向并处理分组。图5显示了根据某些实施例的多路分解和会话管理器的实现方式。图5包括分组加速卡(PAC)510、PAC 512，以及PAC 514。PAC 510、512，以及514也可以以分组服务卡(PSC)或任何其他适用的硬件/软件配置来实现。PAC 510实现包括用户散列列表518的SIP多路分解管理器516。SIP多路分解管理器516可以用来将SIP消息和分组定向到处理会话的会话管理器和外部功能。SIP多路分解管理器516可以缓存有关会话和用户散列列表518中的用户的信息，以缩短将分组定向到它们的对应的会话管理器时的延迟。
PAC 512实现会话管理器520和522。会话管理器520包括CSCF核心524、用户本地缓存526、呼叫状态数据528，以及SIP堆栈530。CSCF核心524可以包括P-CSCF、S-CSCF，以及I-CSCF或者可以对会话管理器520中的分组实现P-CSCF、S-CSCF和/或I-CSCF。用户本地缓存526包括许多信息片段，可以用来缩短从会话管理器路由分组的查找时间或缩短方向分析处理时间。例如，AOR/公共用户标识、私人用户标识(对于用户是唯一的，可以是IMSI)、联系人、注册到期、注册状态(活动，过期)、服务路由标头/路径标头、验证矢量，以及用户配置文件。呼叫状态分组括有关会话的状态的信息，例如，已注册、警戒、应答、释放，以及等待，可以用来就是否要分配资源或解除资源分配以及接受或拒绝来自网络的消息作出决策。
SIP堆栈530包括连接处理程序(CH)、事务管理器(TM)、以及用户应用程序(UAPP)。连接处理程序通过单个通信接口管理到远程服务器的连接，并处理出站SIP消息的格式化和复用以及入站SIP消息的分析和解复用。事务管理器实现核心SIP功能，并支持代理服务器、注册器、重定向服务器，以及用户代理功能。用户应用程序管理相关器和用来标识SIP堆栈中的呼叫、会话，以及事务的句柄。
通过在SIP多路分解管理器和会话管理器中缓存信息，这些实体可以更快地作出路由判定，因为节省了查找时间。在某些实施例中，NPU流可以将分组流定向到处理会话的会话管理器，可以使用会话管理器缓存来获取关于用户的信息。在某些实施例中，多路分解管理器可以定向没有被NPU流拾起的分组或来自移动节点的注册分组。
会话管理器可以充当注册器和重定向服务器。注册器允许SIP用户注册能够联系到SIP用户的联系信息(IP地址/域名)。注册器可以是位置服务，允许在SIP用户的逻辑地址/公共标识与物理地址之间绑定。SIP代理或重定向服务器可以通过与注册器联系来定位用户。注册器可以被会话管理器中的S-CSCF功能使用。P-CSCF和I-CSCF可以代理注册。如果会话管理器实现S-CSCF注册器，则注册器334(图3)可以联系CSCF核心以获取验证矢量和用户信息。注册器可以执行SIP特定注册器功能，但是，在某些实施例中，从CSCF核心中的S-CSCF组件获取方向。
图3的系统可以每个服务或会话维护一个本地缓存，还将注册状态中的任何变化的更新发送到多路分解管理器，因为在某些实施例中，多路分解管理器也维护了本地缓存。本地缓存可以存储下列信息：AOR/公共用户标识、私人用户标识(对于用户是唯一的，可以是IMSI)、联系信息、注册到期、注册状态(活动，过期)、服务路由标头/路径标头、验证矢量，以及用户配置文件。一旦用户撤销注册，可以删除本地缓存条目，并可以对于该用户维护每个公共用户标识的一个这样的条目。
在某些实施例中，信息被缓存在本地，以减少由于从外部数据库检索信息导致的建立延迟。在某些实施例中，当用户第一次进行注册时，在注册消息中提供的位置信息存储在多路分解管理器中。可以分配进程实例，用于保持用户呼叫状态和联系信息。也可以存储其他信息。此信息如此被使用，以便来自多路分解管理器或发往多路分解管理器的呼叫被定向到处理会话的进程实例。该信息也可以用来分散流量，以便不会在多路分解管理器中产生瓶颈。
在某些实施例中，包括来自注册消息的信息的缓存被用来分散进入的流量，例如，来自公用交换电话网(PSTN)或SIP互连的流量。这可以通过存储IP地址和诸如Address of Record(AoR)之类的句柄来实现。AoR可以是诸如sip:namestarentnetworks.com或sip:phonenumberstarentnetworks.com；user＝phone或atel:phonenumber(这是tel URI)。此句柄信息一般存储在另一个数据库中，查找会花一些时间。如此，当注册消息到达时，它可以使用诸如SIP句柄之类的信息，并在数据库中执行反向查找，并获取包括电话号码在内的信息，并放在缓存中。当一个来自PSTN的带有电话号码的请求到达时，可以使用此数据库信息。可以将电话号码与高速缓存中的信息进行匹配，以将通信流路由到处理呼叫会话的进程实例。
在某些实施例中，网络处理单元(NPU)将流量定向到处理呼叫会话的进程实例，绕过多路分解管理器和信令路由层(参见图3)。NPU可以散列密钥来判断是否可以绕过多路分解管理器。如果有hash hit，则流量被直接地路由到处理呼叫的会话管理器进程实例。在某些实施例中，进程实例在呼叫处理层内部，并可以在CSCF核心内。可以给进程实例提供一个内部地址，如此，通信流可以被定向到它那里。在hash hit之后，此内部地址被NPU用来将传入的分组发送到正确的会话管理器进程实例。
在某些实施例中，图3的系统在本地缓存用户和各种网络SIP节点的存在，并使用在用户注册过程中了解的各种网络地址，在内部CSCF处理功能以及外部CSCF组件之间分散未来的通信流。此系统也可以在注册本身过程中从用户的address of record(AoR)的ENUM数据库中获取tel URI，以便在某些实施例中，可以避免呼叫建立过程中的查找。
图6显示了在某些实施例中网关执行的分组管理。在610中，在网关接收消息或分组。如果消息是注册消息或包括新的会话的信息，则在步骤612中由多路分解管理器处理和分析消息或分组。多路分解管理器可以缓存从消息中提取的某些信息，以帮助路由未来的消息。在612中，多路分解管理器也选择用于处理消息的会话管理器。在614中，会话管理器从多路分解管理器接收消息，并缓存许多字段及该消息中的其他信息。在614中，会话管理器也可以建立NPU流，以定向分组流。然后，在616中，可以将消息定向到下一目的地。
如果已经给消息分配了会话管理器，则多路分解管理器可以使用散列列表来作出许多路由判定。在618中，在610中在网关接收到消息，之后，消息匹配多路分解管理器的散列列表中的标识信息。当对照多路分解管理器进行匹配时，在620中，多路分解管理器向以前分配的会话管理器发送分组或消息。会话管理器可以就如何处理分组或消息作出进一步的判断并在616处将它定向到下一个目的地。
如果已经给消息分配了会话管理器，则在610中在网关中被接收，之后，可以将消息与NPU流散列列表进行匹配。NPU流可以使用有限的信息集重定向许多共同的分组或消息。NPU流可以主要以硬件方式实现，以缩短在路由分组时的延迟。NPU流可以免除多路分解管理器必须检测每一个传入的分组的必要性。如果分组不会匹配NPU流，则可以将它发送到多路分解管理器进行路由。在某些实施例中，在624中，NPU流将分组传递到处理会话的会话管理器，以便进行进一步的处理和/或路由。然后，在616中，可以将消息定向到下一目的地。
在某些实施例中，上文所描述的网关是在底盘中实现的。此底盘可以实现多个不同的集成功能。在某些实施例中，接入网关、分组数据服务节点(PDSN)、外地代理(FA)，或归属代理(HA)可以在底盘上实现。在其他实施例中，也可以在底盘上实现的其他类型的功能有：网关一般分组无线电服务支持节点(GGSN)、服务GPRS支持节点(SGSN)、分组数据交互功能(PDIF)、访问服务网络网关(ASNGW)、基站、接入网络、用户平面实体(UPE)、IP网关、接入网关、会话启动协议(SIP)服务器、代理-呼叫会话控制功能(P-CSCF)、以及查询-呼叫会话控制功能(I-CSCF)。在某些实施例中，上文所提及的其他类型的功能中的一个或多个可以集成在一起，或通过相同的功能来提供。例如，接入网络可以与PDSN集成在一起。底盘可以包括PDSN、FA、HA、GGSN、PDIF、ASNGW、UPE、IP网关、接入网关、或任何其他适用的接入接口设备。在某些实施例中，底盘是由位于麻萨诸塞州的Tewksbury的Starent Networks，Corp.在ST16或ST40多媒体平台中提供的。
下面将进一步描述根据某些实施例的实现企业接入网关的底盘的功能。底盘可以包括用于加载应用程序卡以及线卡的插槽。在底盘中，可以使用中板来提供底盘内部的通信、电源连接、以及各种安装的卡之间的传播途径。中板可以包括诸如开关结构、控制总线、系统管理总线、冗余总线，以及时分多路复用(TDM)总线之类的总线。开关结构是通过在应用程序卡和线卡之间建立卡之间的通信实现的整个底盘中的用户数据的基于IP的传输路径。控制总线将底盘内的控制和管理处理器互连在一起。底盘管理总线提供对系统功能的管理，如提供电源、监视温度、板状态、数据路径错误、卡复位，及其他故障转移功能。冗余总线提供用户数据的传送，以及在发生硬件故障的情况下的冗余链路。TDM总线为系统上的语音服务提供支持。
底盘至少支持两种应用程序卡：开关处理器板和分组加速卡。开关处理器板充当底盘的控制器，负责诸如初始化底盘并将软件配置加载到底盘中的其他卡上之类的任务。分组加速卡提供分组处理和转发能力。每一个分组加速卡都能够支持多个上下文。可以利用卡来部署硬件引擎，以支持压缩、分类流量调度、转发、分组过滤，以及统计信息汇编的并行分布式处理。
分组加速卡通过使用控制处理器和网络处理单元(NPU)来执行分组处理操作。网络处理单元确定分组处理要求；来往于各种物理接口接收和传输用户数据；作出IP转发决策；实现分组过滤、流插入、删除，以及修改；执行流量管理和流量工程；修改/添加/剥离分组标头；以及管理线卡端口和内部分组传送。也位于分组加速卡上的控制处理器，提供基于分组的用户服务处理。线卡当加载到底盘中时提供输入/输出连接，也可以提供冗余连接。
在某些实施例中，底盘的ST40实施例可以支持系统管理卡(SMC)和分组服务卡(PSC)。系统管理卡是用于管理和控制底盘中的其他卡的系统控制和管理卡。分组服务卡是提供多线程点对点、分组数据处理，以及上下文处理能力的高速处理卡。
操作系统软件可以基于Linux软件内核，并在底盘中运行特定的应用程序，如监视任务和提供协议堆栈。软件允许底盘资源单独地为控制和数据路径进行分配。例如，某些分组加速卡可以专门用于执行路由或安全控制功能，而另外一些分组加速卡专门用于处理用户会话流量。随着网络要求的变化，在某些实施例中，可以动态地部署硬件资源，以符合要求。系统可以虚拟化，以支持服务的多个逻辑实例，如技术功能(例如，PDSN、ASNGW、PDIF、HA、GGSN或IPSG)。
底盘的软件可以被分成执行特定功能的一系列任务。这些任务根据需要相互进行通信，以在整个底盘中共享控制和数据信息。任务是执行与系统控制或会话处理相关的特定功能的软件进程。在某些实施例中，有三种任务类型在底盘内操作：关键任务、控制器任务，以及管理器任务。关键任务控制涉及底盘处理调用的能力的功能，如底盘初始化、错误检测，以及恢复任务。控制器任务遮盖来自用户的软件的分布特征，并执行诸如监视从属管理器的状态之类的任务，相同子系统内的管理器内部的通信，通过与属于其他子系统的控制器进行通信，实现子系统之间的通信。管理器任务可以控制系统资源，并维护系统资源之间的逻辑映射。
在应用卡中的处理器上运行的单个任务可以被分成多个子系统。子系统是要么执行特定任务要么是多个其他任务的顶点的软件元件。单个子系统可以包括关键任务、控制器任务，以及管理器任务。某些在底盘上运行的某些子系统包括系统初始化任务子系统、高可用性任务子系统、恢复控制任务子系统、共享配置任务子系统、资源管理子系统、虚拟专用网络子系统、网络处理单元子系统、卡/插槽/端口子系统，以及会话子系统。
系统初始化任务子系统负责在系统启动时启动一组初始任务，并根据需要提供单个任务。高可用性任务子系统与恢复控制任务子系统一起工作，通过监视底盘的各种软件和硬件组件，维护底盘的可操作状态。恢复控制任务子系统负责对于在底盘中发生的故障执行恢复操作，并从高可用性任务子系统接收恢复操作。共享配置任务子系统给底盘提供设置、检索，以及接收底盘配置参数变化的通知的能力，并负责存储在底盘内运行的应用程序的配置数据。资源管理子系统负责向任务分配资源(例如，处理器和存储器能力)，并负责监视任务的使用资源的情况。
虚拟专用网络(VPN)子系统管理底盘中的与VPN相关的实体的管理和操作方面，包括创建单独的VPN上下文、在VPN上下文内启动IP服务、管理IP池和用户IP地址，以及在VPN上下文内分发IP流信息。在某些实施例中，在底盘内，在特定VPN上下文内执行IP操作。网络处理单元子系统负责上面为网络处理单元所列的许多功能。卡/插槽/端口子系统负责协调发生的涉及卡活动的事件，如发现和配置新插入的卡上的端口，并确定线卡如何映射到应用卡。在某些实施例中，会话子系统负责处理和监视移动用户的数据流。移动数据通信的会话处理任务包括：例如，CDMA网络的A10/A11结束、GPRS和/或UMTS网络的GSM隧道协议结束，异步PPP处理、分组过滤、分组调度、Difserv码点标记、统计信息收集、IP转发，以及AAA服务。这些项目中的每一个项目的职责可以在从属任务之间分布(叫做“管理器”)，以便有更有效的处理和更大的冗余。单独的会话控制器任务充当集成的控制节点，来调节和监视管理器，并与其他活动子系统进行通信。会话子系统也管理特殊化的用户数据处理，如有效负载转换、过滤、统计信息收集、策略，以及调度。
在某些实施例中，实现过程或数据库所需的软件包括高级别过程或面向对象的语言，如C、C++、C#、Java或Perl。如果需要，软件也可以以汇编语言来实现。在底盘中实现的分组处理可以包括由上下文确定的任何处理。例如，分组处理可以涉及高级数据链路控制(HDLC)成帧、标头压缩，和/或加密。在某些实施例中，软件存储在存储介质或设备上，如只读存储器(ROM)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、电可擦除编程-只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪速存储器，或可由一般或特殊用途处理单元读取以执行本文件中所描述的过程的磁盘。
虽然是以前面的实施例来描述和说明本发明的，但是，应该理解，只是作为示例来说明本发明的，在不偏离仅仅由随后的权利要求作出限制的本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可以对本发明的实现方式的细节作出许多更改。

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1.一种通信网络中用于与用户通信并且用于将传入的分组路由到目的地地址的网关，包括：
一个或多个会话管理器，每个所述会话管理器高速缓存与该会话管理器正在所述网关中的计算机可读介质中处理的会话有关的信息并将传入的分组路由到所述目的地地址；
驻留在网关中的多路分解管理器，用于检查由会话管理器高速缓存的会话信息，使用分组中的信息来处理一个或多个分组以判断是否需要新的会话管理器，高速缓存关于新会话管理器分配情况的信息，分配对应于新的分组流的会话管理器，并将分组路由到相应的会话管理器；以及
用于绕过所述多路分解管理器的一个或多个网络处理单元，所述网络处理单元驻留在所述网关中，所述网络处理单元由所述会话管理器建立，所述网络处理单元将匹配高速缓存的与会话有关的信息的传入的分组路由到与该会话相对应的会话管理器，或者如果传入的分组与高速缓存的与会话有关的信息不匹配，则路由到所述多路分解管理器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的网关，进一步包括所述多路分解管理器向所述网关内部的目的地和所述网关外部的目的地提供传入的会话启动协议(SIP)分组的方向处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的网关，其中，所述网关外部的目的地是服务呼叫会话控制功能(S-CSCF)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的网关，进一步包括呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)核心，用于从所述多路分解管理器接收要对分组执行哪一个CSCF功能处理的指示。
5.根据权利要求1所述的网关，进一步包括在选定处理所述会话的所述会话管理器时所述多路分解管理器执行负载平衡方法。
6.一种处理分组的方法，包括：
在网关接收分组；
判断所述分组是否匹配与已有的分组流相关联的有限的条件集，并且如果有匹配，则将所述分组转发到先前分配用于处理对应的已有分组流的会话管理器进程实例，并且如果不存在匹配，则转发到多路分解管理器；
如果所述分组被转发到所述多路分解管理器，则在所述多路分解管理器分析所述分组，以判断是否要分配新会话管理器进程实例来处理新的分组流，以及确定如何路由所述分组；以及
在从所述多路分解管理器中分配的会话管理器进程实例接收新的分组并在所述网关中创建带有来自所述新的分组的信息的高速缓存条目。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括从所述会话管理器进程实例发送有限的条件集，以在网络处理单元中建立转发匹配所述有限的条件集的分组的流。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述会话管理器进程实例是会话管理器。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括在呼叫会话控制功能(CSCF)核心从所述多路分解管理器接收关于要对所述分组执行哪一个CSCF功能处理的指示。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，进一步包括在所述多路分解管理器选定处理所述新的分组流的所述会话管理器进程实例时执行负载平衡方法。
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