CN101605511A - 大小逐渐变化的瓣环成形术环 - Google Patents
大小逐渐变化的瓣环成形术环 Download PDFInfo
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- A61F2/2442—Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve
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- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0037—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in height or in length
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Abstract
为考虑更多的常见病症,一副大小逐渐变化(增加)的瓣环成形术环。每个环的比例外形随着环口大小的变化而改变。例如,相对于它们的长轴尺寸,较大的环具有较大的短轴尺寸。
Description
发明领域
【0001】本发明依照35 U.S.C.§1 19(e)要求在2006年10月6日提交的美国临时专利申请60/828,458的优先权。
【0002】本发明涉及修复性瓣环成形术环(prosthetic annuloplastyring)或者一副环,特别是二尖瓣环(mitral annulus),其在不同的环口大小是逐渐变化(增加)比例的。
发明背景
【0003】人的心脏有四个瓣膜:主动脉瓣膜、二尖瓣瓣膜、肺动脉瓣膜和三尖瓣瓣膜。心脏瓣膜的各种疾病和某些基因缺陷可以损害瓣膜固有的功能。如果不及时治疗,瓣膜的不当功能可能严重地使人虚弱和甚至致命的,特别是如果患病的瓣膜是主动脉瓣膜(在左心室与主动脉之间)或者二尖瓣瓣膜(在左心房和左心室之间)。影响这些瓣膜中的每一种的常见缺陷和疾病及其治疗一般是不同的。
【0004】二尖瓣瓣膜,以及较不常见的三尖瓣瓣膜,是易于变形的,例如瓣膜环的扩大、腱索的撕裂和小叶下垂,其导致瓣膜机能不全,其中瓣膜没有正确地关闭,那么产生了从左心室进入左心房的回流或者倒流。二尖瓣或者三尖瓣瓣膜的形状或者结构的变形是可修复的。因而,由于修复术的瓣膜有某些不足,这些不足有严重的影响(如机械的瓣膜具有血栓栓塞的风险,并且它要求抗凝处理,而且生物瓣膜有有限的耐用性),因此功能不适当的二尖瓣或者三尖瓣瓣膜的理想地是进行修复而不是替换。
【0005】二尖瓣环是易受影响的连接左心房和左心室的纤维和肌肉组织交界区,其固定了前面和后面的二尖瓣小叶的外围铰链部分。环具有两种主要的胶原性结构:(1)右纤维三角,其是中心纤维体的一部分和位于房室膜性中隔、二尖瓣及三尖瓣瓣膜和主动脉根的交叉点;和(2)左纤维三角,其在二尖瓣瓣膜和主动脉瓣膜的左冠状动脉尖的连接点处。二尖瓣瓣膜有两个主要的小叶,大得多的前(或者主动脉)小叶和较小的后(或者侧壁)小叶。前面的二尖瓣小叶跨越了接合处(包括三角)之间的距离并且是大部分的左和非冠状主动脉瓣膜尖的直接纤维延续。对着后小叶的后面的一半到三分之二的环主要是具有很少或者没有纤维组织的肌肉,和通常含有三个(有时更多)由胎裂或者“次接合处(subcommissures)”分隔开的扇形区。
【0006】在心脏收缩期间,二尖瓣小叶的自由缘彼此并列,并关闭了各自的心房-心室通路。在心脏收缩循环期间腱索和乳头肌将小叶保持在这个位置,以阻止小叶在左心房里面的凸起和开张。二尖瓣瓣膜的功能性能力依赖于二尖瓣环、小叶、腱索、乳头肌、左心房和左心室正确的协调互动作用。然而,当瓣膜或它的小叶是畸形的或者扩大的,例如当环扩大时,小叶的边缘未能够相互碰到,在其间留下了开口。这种开口可能涉及瓣膜小叶的横向分离和/或一个瓣膜小叶相对于另一个小叶的挺起。无论在哪种情况下,在心室收缩期间瓣膜不起作用的关闭导致血液回流或者渗漏到心房,并且最终导致泵效的减少。为了补偿在二尖瓣瓣膜中的这种无效率,左心室必须更辛苦的工作,以维持必要的心输出量。随着时间的过去,这种补偿机理一般会引起心脏的肥大,随后膨胀,也就是膨胀的心脏,其可以导致充血性心力衰竭。
【0007】在成年人群中二尖瓣回流是最常见的瓣膜障碍之一,且一般涉及二尖瓣瓣膜环后三分之二的膨胀或者拉长,该部分对应于后小叶。在进行外科手术评价患者中,心脏收缩性二尖瓣回流的最常见病因是粘液性变性,也被叫做二尖瓣瓣膜下垂(29%到70%的病例),或者总体而言,在美国至少有5-10%的人口受影响。女性大约是男性的二倍。二尖瓣瓣膜下垂已被诊断为巴洛综合征、鼓起或者气球二尖瓣瓣膜、下垂的二尖瓣瓣膜、下垂瓣膜综合征、粘液二尖瓣瓣膜、下垂二尖瓣小叶综合征或者心脏收缩喀喇音综合征。二尖瓣瓣膜下垂的综合征包括心悸、胸痛、晕厥或呼吸困难以及收缩期中期喀喇音(带有或者不带有二尖瓣回流的收缩晚期杂音)。这些后来的发现在巴洛综合征患者中一般会看得到,其中两种小叶的大量下垂和鼓起是常见的。一些形式的二尖瓣瓣膜下垂似乎是遗传的,虽然这种疾病已经与马凡氏综合征、格雷夫症和其它失调有关。
【0008】粘液性变性涉及到小叶结构中的弱点,其导致了组织变薄和结合的丧失。巴洛综合征是以粘液性变性为特征和在一生中早期出现,通常在五十岁前。在巴洛综合征中,在心室收缩的心脏收缩阶段期间二尖瓣瓣膜的一种或者两种小叶突出进入了左心房。瓣膜小叶充满了相当过量的组织,在小叶边缘产生了呈波浪形的样式。腱变厚、伸长和可以被撕裂。乳头肌有时候也伸长。环扩大,并且有时会钙化。当然,这些症状中的一些会存在于其它病理中,因而目前的应用指的是二尖瓣瓣膜下垂,作为包括巴洛综合征在内的各种诊断的全部。
【0009】二尖瓣回流的其它原因包括具有缺血性二尖瓣回流(IMR)的缺血性心脏病、扩张型心肌病(其中,使用术语“功能性二尖瓣回流”[FMR])、风湿瓣膜疾病、二尖瓣环钙化、感染性心内膜炎、特发性腱断裂(通常与弹性纤维缺陷[FED]有关)、先天异常、心内膜心肌纤维化和胶原血管病。IMR是FMR的一个具体子集,但是两者通常都与形态正常的二尖瓣小叶有关。
【0010】因此是非常的明显是,导致回流的瓣膜疾病类型是各种各样的和是以极大地不同存在。例如,图1-8显示了第一种正常的二尖瓣膜解剖图以及来自于多种病理的单纯二尖瓣回流的原因。图1A-1B显示了正常的二尖瓣解剖图,二尖瓣小叶20在图1A中伸展成平面,和图1B显示为经过一个乳头肌22的一部分。腱24连接小叶20较下的边缘与左心室中的乳头肌22。
【0011】图2A-2B说明了诊断为感染性心内膜炎的症状,无论感染性心内膜炎是活动期的或者愈合的。增生物或者赘生物30可能在小叶20上出现,并且有时在穿孔32上。通常腱24会断裂,例如在34处。
【0012】图3A-3B说明了引起下垂的松弛二尖瓣膜。小叶20膨胀,增加了环面积、小叶面积,并引起邹曲。图4A-4B显示了引起腱断裂的高度松弛的二尖瓣膜,如在40处可看见。
【0013】图5A-5B说明了风湿性心脏病。在二尖瓣小叶20和腱24的下边缘的弥漫性纤维增厚形式显出了病灶性变厚。
【0014】图6A-6B说明了乳头肌机能障碍(冠状动脉的),其中一处或多处的肌肉有疤痕和萎缩,例如在50处。可能的后果可能是严重的冠状动脉变窄以及急性或者治愈的梗塞。
【0015】图7A-7B说明了乳头肌机能障碍(渗透性的),其中一般两种肌肉都渗入外来机体,可能是淀粉体、肉样瘤、传染源或者新生物。
【0016】最后,图8A-8B说明了环钙化。钙化沉积物60产生了向心房的小叶突出。
【0017】从图2-8可以清楚看出,多种情况会引起回流。然而,应当理解的是,二尖瓣膜器官的四种普遍类型的结构变化可以产生回流:源于纤维化和钙化的小叶收缩、环膨胀、腱畸形(包括断裂、拉长、缩短或者如在FMR和IMR中看到的顶端圈合(apical tethering)或“隆起”)和可能的乳头肌机能障碍。
【0018】与二尖瓣回流相关的Carpentier的小叶和腱运动的类型的功能分类可以参考图9A-9D看。在图9A的类型I中,小叶运动是正常的。类型II(在图9B中见),二尖瓣回流是由于小叶下垂或者过分的运动。类型III(受约束的小叶运动)被细分成为在心脏舒张期间类型IIIa(图9C)或心脏收缩期间类型IIIb(图9D)的约束。类型IIIb(图9C)一般在缺血性二尖瓣回流的病人中会见到。在心动周期期间的小叶进程是用虚线来表示。(来自于Carpentier A:Cardiac valve surgery:the“French correction.”J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 86:323,1983.)
【0019】各种外科手术技术可以用于修复患病或者损坏的二尖瓣和三尖瓣膜。这些技术包括但不限于瓣环成形术(如收缩瓣膜环以恢复适当的瓣膜大小和形状)、小叶的四边形切除术(也就是从增大或者畸形的小叶中除去组织)、连合部切开术(也就是切除瓣膜接合处以分离瓣膜小叶)、腱索的缩短和换位、切断的腱索或者乳头肌组织的再附着和瓣膜及环组织的去钙化。
【0020】在变性的二尖瓣膜病的患者中,使用二尖瓣瓣膜成形术重建或瓣环成形术来修复瓣膜已经是二尖瓣回流的外科手术校正的标准,并提供了良好的长期效果。可以使用刚性支撑环(例如Carpentier-Edwards)、可半弯曲的环(例如Carpentier-Edwards)或易弯曲的环(例如Cosgrove-)。这些环一般是短/长的轴比为3∶4的D-型。一些环是平的或者平面的,而其它的环显示为三维的弓形,一般是沿着前部。不是所有的医生都同意环适合于任何一种情况。
【0021】尽管校正二尖瓣回流具有被接受治疗,但是需要有一个考虑到更多的常见病症的更简单和更有效方法。
发明概述
【0022】本发明一方面提供了一副二尖瓣环成形术环(mitralannuloplasty ring),其每个环包括了布置在具有向上方向和向下方向的流轴(flow axis)周围的环体。当瓣环成形术环被植入时,向下方向对应于血流经过二尖瓣瓣膜环的方向。依照优选的实施方式,环体限定了在前部分和后部分之间延伸并把前部分和后部分一分为二的短轴和限定了垂直向其里延伸的长轴,长轴和短轴大体垂直于流轴和每个都有穿越环体的尺寸。
【0023】这副环大小逐渐变化(增大),以考虑更多的常见病症。更具体地,每个环成比例的形状随着环口大小的变化而不同。在一个优选的实施方式中,较大的环有相对于它们的长轴具有较大的短轴尺寸。
附图简述
【0024】参考说明书、权利要求书和附图,本发明的特征和有益效果会变得更加被认识到和变得更容易理解,其中:
【0025】图1A是平坦或者打开显示的正常二尖瓣环面、小叶以及连接的腱和乳头肌的图解;
【0026】图1B是经过图1A的一种乳头肌的“辐射状的”截面图;
【0027】图2-8是从与图1A和1B相同视点说明了单纯的二尖瓣回流如下各种原因的的简图:
【0028】图2A-2B说明了感染性心内膜炎;
【0029】图3A-3B说明了松弛(下垂)的二尖瓣膜;
【0030】图4A-4B说明了带有断裂腱的松弛的二尖瓣膜;
【0031】图5A-5B说明了风湿性心脏病;
【0032】图6A-6B说明了乳头肌机能障碍(冠状动脉的);
【0033】图7A-7B说明了乳头肌机能障碍(渗透性的);和
【0034】图8A-8B说明了环钙化;
【0035】图9A-9D说明了二尖瓣回流的Carpentier功能分类,即:类型I:正常小叶运动、类型II:增加的小叶运动(小叶下垂)、类型III:受限制的小叶运动;IIIa,在心脏舒张和心脏收缩中的限制;IIIb,在心脏收缩中的限制;
【0036】图10和11是本发明示例的瓣环成形术环的平面和截面图;
【0037】图12是显示了示例环的变化的短/长轴的曲线图;和
【0038】图13-18显示了本发明的几种不同大小环的平面和侧面视图。
优选实施方式的详述
【0039】本发明提供了用于校正引起二尖瓣回流病症的一副新型瓣环成形术环。
【0040】图10和11是本发明示例的瓣环成形术环70的平面和截面视图。显示的环70在内部结构支撑或者环体74上面带有用织物作成的外壳(外封)72。典型地地,缝合渗透性界面76充满外壳72和内环体74之间了间隙。
【0041】在图10的平面视图中的环70有短轴尺寸B和长轴尺寸A。图11显示了在基准面上方的优选高度,其具有上升到高度C的前部的中心和上升到高度D的后部的中心。C/D的优选比例是大约3∶1,在前侧最小的环上升到3mm和最大的上升到大约6mm。
【0042】在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中内环体74理想地用“总体上刚性”的材料制成,并且当受到通过工作的人心脏的二尖瓣膜环给予其上的压力时,会最初抵抗变形。在这个意义上,“变形”意味着从预定或者制造的形状成为基本永久的变形;其相对的概念是“有弹性”,其意味着在没有外力的情况下恢复到环形状的能力。可以利用许多能够实现这种功能的“总体上刚性”的材料,其包括各种生物相容性聚合物及金属/或合金。某些能够抵抗变形和同时在体内快速降解的聚酯也可以使用(降解慢的材料可以提供必要的初始支撑)。在一个优选的实施方式中,至少一个本发明的瓣环成形术环内核或环体是由合适的金属制成,例如钛或者它的合金,或者由美国Elgiloy,L.P.of Elgin,Ill制造的ELGILOY。核或者环体可以是一片,或者可以包括多个同轴或者其它方法配合的元件。
【0043】界面76是在环体74周围的模制的硅管或者硅带,在环外面的用织物作成的外壳理想地是达可纶(Dacron)(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)。在硅套周围用织物作成的管状外壳提供了固定瓣环成形术环到二尖瓣环的界面,虽然其它界面是可以考虑的。例如,具有外钩或者倒刺的环在现有技术中是已知的。
【0044】典型的瓣环成形术支撑环具有长的或者主要的尺寸和短或者次要的尺寸,短与长的尺寸的常规比例最多是3∶4(75%),并且一般要小。本发明提供了有逐渐增加的短轴尺寸B与长轴尺寸A比例的瓣环成形术环。尺寸A和B测量到环体74的内边缘。这种增加的尺寸比例提供了较大尺寸的环,其更适合于校正二尖瓣小叶是松弛的情况,例如在图2-4中显示的情况,和总体而言在图9B中所看见的类型II病症。典型地,相对于较小的患者而言,较大的患者显出了这种引起回流的普通情况,对于他们具有更常规的B/A比例是更合适的。
【0045】下表表明了九种不同的示例环的长轴和短轴的实际值,以环体74的整个内部测量(在图10中分别测量尺寸A和B),同时给出了短轴与长轴的比例。以平均2mm的增加给出环大小,以整个长轴来测量。这些环会具有不同的包装,以便用特定的大小来标记。
环尺寸(mm) | 长轴(mm) | 短轴(mm) | B/A比例 |
24 | 24.0 | 16.5 | 0.6875 |
26 | 26.0 | 17.7 | 0.6808 |
28 | 28.0 | 18.9 | 0.6750 |
30 | 30.0 | 20.4 | 0.6800 |
32 | 32.0 | 21.9 | 0.6844 |
34 | 34.0 | 23.5 | 0.6912 |
36 | 36.0 | 25.5 | 0.7083 |
38 | 38.0 | 28.5 | 0.7500 |
40 | 40.0 | 32.0 | 0.8000 |
【0047】图13-18显示了本发明的几种不同大小环的平面和截面视图比较。图13-14显示了24mm环,图15-16显示了32mm环和图17-18显示了40mm环。总体上看环是相同的,虽然B/A比例在较大的环中会增加。
【0048】虽然本发明用优选的实施方式进行了描述,应该理解的是在这里所使用的表述是描述性的表述,而不是限制性的。因此,在附加权利要求范围内、在没有偏离本发明的真实的范围情况下,可以进行变化。
Claims (2)
1.一副二尖瓣瓣环成形术环,包括:
一副封闭和总体上刚性的环体,所述环体被布置在具有向上方向和向下方向的流轴周围,当所述瓣环成形术环被植入时,所述向下方向对应于血流经过所述二尖瓣瓣膜环的方向,所述环体在平面视图中总体上是D-形的并限定了长轴A和短轴B,并且每个环具有以平均毫米量增加的公称环口大小;和
其中B/A的比例随着所述环体的公称环口大小增加而增加。
2.一副二尖瓣瓣环成形术环,包括:
一副封闭和总体上刚性的环体,所述环体被布置在具有向上方向和向下方向的流轴周围,当所述瓣环成形术环被植入时,所述向下方向对应于血流经过所述二尖瓣瓣膜环的方向,所述环体在平面视图中总体上是D-形的并限定了长轴A和短轴B,并且每个环具有以平均毫米量增加的公称环口大小;和
其中所述环体的比例外形随着所述环体的公称环口大小增加而变化。
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2008
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- 2008-02-08 WO PCT/US2008/053513 patent/WO2008098226A1/en active Application Filing
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- 2008-02-08 CN CN2008800045842A patent/CN101605511B/zh active Active
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102770092A (zh) * | 2009-12-22 | 2012-11-07 | 爱德华兹生命科学公司 | 双峰三尖瓣瓣膜成形术环 |
CN104334119A (zh) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-02-04 | M阀门技术有限公司 | 单环心脏瓣膜支撑结构 |
CN104334119B (zh) * | 2012-02-28 | 2016-10-12 | M阀门技术有限公司 | 单环心脏瓣膜支撑结构 |
Also Published As
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US20150223936A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
WO2008098226A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
EP2109419A1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
US8764821B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
CA2677361A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
CN101605511B (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
US20110034999A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
US9526615B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
US9011529B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
US20110238171A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
US20120215304A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
CA2677361C (en) | 2016-04-05 |
US20110224786A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
US7959673B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
WO2008098226A8 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
US20090177276A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
US20090157176A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
EP2109419B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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