CN101605927B

CN101605927B - Crust breaker for breaking through a crust formed on a metal molten pool

Info

Publication number: CN101605927B
Application number: CN200780051033.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·瓦尔德曼; U·赫林
Original assignee: Festo SE and Co KG
Current assignee: Festo SE and Co KG
Priority date: 2007-02-07
Filing date: 2007-02-07
Publication date: 2012-04-04
Anticipated expiration: 2027-02-07
Also published as: CN101605927A; AU2007346492A1; AU2007346492B2; CA2675697C; NO20092861L; CA2675697A1; WO2008095510A1

Abstract

The invention proposes a crust breaker for breaking through a crust (17) formed on a metal molten pool (18), comprising a fluidic double-acting cylinder (10), the piston rod (14) of which is equipped with an impact element (16), and to the two working chambers (12, 13) of which separated by a piston (11) optionally a higher (P2) and a lower fluid pressure (P1) can be applied by means of a valve arrangement (33, 36). The cylinder (10) is equipped with a distance measuring device (24). A monitoring means serves for monitoring a predefinable path-time course, or a predefinable course of speed during the forward movement of the impact element (16) in the direction of the crust (17). A controller (30) serves for switching from the lower to the higher fluid pressure beginning with a definable deviation from the predefined course and is connected to the valve arrangement (33, 36) for this purpose.

Description

In order to break the sclerderm crusher of formed sclerderm on metal molten pool

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of in order to break the sclerderm crusher (Krustenbrecher) of formed sclerderm on metal molten pool; The cylinder that has fluidic, duplex; The piston rod of this cylinder is equipped with and collides element (Sto β element); And two of this cylinder are passed through the isolating working chamber of piston by means of valve member, can optionally load with higher and lower hydrodynamicpressure.

Background technology

Such as in order to the smelting furnace that obtains cast alumin(i)um, inserted this sclerderm crusher, or rather, inserted sclerderm crusher cylinder, in order to will on liquation, formed zone of oxidation breaking partly.After the cast alumin(i)um that is refined was removed, at these positions, starting material were recharged aluminum oxide again.This process has been carried out two minutes approximately altogether.But in fact, in this timed interval, still can not form the sclerderm that to be broken.Therefore, in these cases, cylinder needn't apply maximum power, and can be through lower pressure operation.

Be fastened to the collision element on the piston rod of cylinder or claim to collide lance, when breaking sclerderm, be immersed in the liquation the inside at every turn.Thus, residue and precipitation of alumina are colliding on the lance.If residue and aluminum oxide surpass certain thickness, then it must be peeled off again, because otherwise the collision lance becomes more and more heavier.This point is carried out through fixed steel loop or pipeline usually, and this steel loop or pipeline surround the collision lance., need higher cylinder action power again here, wherein, this process only occurs sporadicly, and also promptly, higher power also needs non-recurrently.

Under following two situation, also promptly when breaking sclerderm and/or when peeling off throw out, position on the stroke stroke of cylinder, that need the higher force place can't calculate to a nicety.The liquid level of liquid-bath is depended in the position of sclerderm, and in reality, can in the scope of 30cm, fluctuate.Likewise, throw out is colliding the position that the lance place forms, and depends on the liquid level of liquid-bath, immerses more deeply or more shallowly in the liquid aluminium because collide lance.

Known by file DE 202006002727 U1, the beginning described kind the sclerderm crusher on; The almost whole stroke of cylinder is current with higher power for above-mentioned reasons; And only (this end position is surveyed through transmitter) just switches on the lower stress level when arriving end position, to reduce air consumption.However, almost existing during whole to-and-fro movement, in order to break the pressure that sclerderm designs, caused higher relatively air consumption and/or fluid consuming, this consumes also because the blow-by property in the fluid system influences.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to,, reduce the fluid consuming on sclerderm crusher cylinder through only applying higher pressure when needed.

The sclerderm crusher of this purpose characteristic through having claim 1 according to the present invention is solved.

Advantage of the present invention especially is, cylinder under normal circumstances, only the necessary operating pressure with minimum moves, so that just in time keep desired rolling away from and sailing into the time.If cylinder runs into obstacle now, promptly especially run into sclerderm, then speed reduces, and perhaps rolls motion away from and stops.This point through surmounted can be determined with the deviation of given stroke-time curve or velocity curve and identified.Therefore only apply higher pressure in this case, this pressure is designed in order to break sclerderm.Special advantage then obtains as follows, that is, each any part place at the cylinder stroke can be switched to higher stress level, and need not to know that sclerderm destroyer and metal pool are in other words and the spacing between the sclerderm.If since last impact event, do not formed new sclerderm, or only formed the sclerderm of relative thin, therefore do not surmounted determined and deviation given curve, and do not switch on the higher-pressure level.This has caused very high fluid reduction effect, especially air reduction effect generally.

Through the method for being implemented in the dependent claims, the favourable improvement project of given sclerderm crusher and improvement scheme are possible in claim 1.

According to the present invention; Since the reduction through travel speed with possibly surmount determined deviation and can identify each obstacle arbitrarily; This also is applicable to the return movement that collides element, when this return movement, in the time of on running into stripping off device; Can identify the residue on the collision element that possibly exist, it need be according to girth to overcome higher pressure.Be provided with a kind of such, mechanism for stripping of pipeline ring shape especially, with mode preferably in order to will from molten metal, peeling off hitting the metal that suspension keeps from the element place.

Through advantageous method, be provided with the pressure regulating mechanism that is used for providing in advance the low hydrodynamicpressure that collides element speeds, thereby can regulate this speed.

In suitable plan; Valve member comprises first valve that switches in order between high hydrodynamicpressure and lower hydrodynamicpressure, and second valve in order to first working chamber or second working chamber are loaded with the hydrodynamicpressure of selecting in advance.Thus, only need the valve of very few number, also promptly need two valves especially.

Be provided preferably with device, be used to form reality-speed, and especially be arranged in the electronic control mechanism as the time derivative of the stroke signal of stroke measuring device.

Stroke measuring device can be in first plan, and structure is as the microwave measurement system in the working chamber of cylinder, in order to measure the spacing between piston and the cylinder end wall.In further plan, stroke measuring device also can have in piston rod or the measurement of resistance element of arranging in the piston rod place, and this measurement of resistance element can be read through at least one electric read element.In view of the high temperature that is occurred, the trip measuring system preferably is made up of the stroke measurment system of encapsulation at this.

Pass through advantageous method; Also can be provided with the measurement assembly that collides the immersion process of element in molten metal in order to detect; This is measured assembly and measures the electrical connection between two portions; A part is molten metal or the conductive container that is used for molten metal, and another part is for colliding element or connected piston rod.Combine with the stroke measurment system thus and can measure in sclerderm crusher and sclerderm or the spacing between the molten metal under it.

Electronic control mechanism can be integrated in the cylinder or be integrated in the cylinder place in the embodiment of compactness.

For fair speed that reaches working process or the fair speed of colliding the element motion, electronic control mechanism has device, in order to when piston motion begins, to provide higher hydrodynamicpressure in advance and after terminating at boost phase, to switch on the lower hydrodynamicpressure.

Description of drawings

In one embodiment of the present of invention shown in the diagrammatic sketch, and further set forth in the description hereinafter.Wherein

The diagrammatic sketch of arranging with the fluidic circuit of sclerderm crusher that Fig. 1 shows on molten metal to be arranged as the first embodiment of the present invention and corresponding electricity,

Fig. 2 shows the signal diagrams in order to the action principle of collision element when running into and be immersed in the metal molten pool that is set forth in the sclerderm crusher,

Fig. 3 shows the corresponding signal icon to return motion.

Embodiment

The sclerderm crusher shown in Fig. 1 roughly comprise fluidic, the duplex cylinder 10, the inner room of this cylinder 10 is divided into two working chambers 12,13 through piston 11.Piston rod 14 passes the end wall 15 of cylinder 10 hermetically and extends out from piston 11; And the free end at piston rod drives by colliding the collision element 16 that lance constitutes; In order to break sclerderm 17; This sclerderm 17 forms on metal molten pool 18 usually, and this metal molten pool 18 can for example be the aluminum melt pond.This metal molten pool 18 is positioned at by metal pond container 19 the insides more higher than molten metal fusing point.

Having the stripping off device 20 that the end wall piston rod passage, cylinder 10 15 places were placed with or were fastened with pipeline shape, colliding element 16 and can in stripping off device 20, move with very little gap.Have away from free end end wall 15, stripping off device 20 and to peel off edge 21; Peel off edge 21 by means of this, when the return motion that collision element 16 gets in the stripping off devices 20, peeling off maybe be with the sclerderm 17 of hang reservation or the throw out 22 of molten metal.Replace the stripping off device 20 of pipeline shape, also can use such as the annular stripping off device.

Away from second end wall first end wall 15, cylinder 10,23 places, middle heart fastening the measurement of resistance element 24 of rod, this measurement of resistance element 24 begins from here, extends in the inner longitudinal slot 25 of piston rod 14.Measurement of resistance element 24 can comprise resistive material or by resistive material coating, perhaps settle the membrane type resistance unit above that.In piston 11, be furnished with read element 26 as being used for reading of measurement of resistance element 24.Can be slip ring assembly or other Elastic Sliding element here.This read element 26 also can be arranged in the outside of piston 11 certainly.In first end wall 15 or another read element 27 at first end wall, 15 places guaranteed the conduction piston rod 14 and the conduction first end wall 15 between electrical connection.Read element 27 in end wall 15 and to be placed in the resistance value that can read between second end wall end regions 23 places, resistance unit 24 be to the position of piston 11; And the numerical value that is directed against the position of colliding element 16 thus; And be transferred to electronic control mechanism 30 via lead 28,29.

Roughly can for example construct, thereby and not need second read element 27 according to file DE 29713825 through measurement of resistance element 24 formed stroke measuring devices.Replacing described stroke measuring device in addition can be other known stroke measuring device.Such as, similar with measurement of resistance element 24, movable measuring sensor has magnetic or other mark in piston rod 14, and magnetic or other signal can be surveyed digitally.This mark also can directly be positioned in piston rod 14 places, and is read herein.In this external working chamber 12 or in another working chamber 13, be provided with the UW and be the basis or be that the distance measurement instrument of element task is in order to measure the spacing between piston 11 and each end wall 15 or end wall 23 with the microwave.Also can correspondingly use the stroke measuring device of other known potentiometer type.

Position when to collide element 16 and broken the sclerderm 17 on the metal molten pool 18 in order to detect turns on the series circuit of lamp 31 and voltage source 32 between read element 27 and the pond container 19.After breaking sclerderm 17, collide element 16 and arrive molten metal and current return is closed, so that lamp 32 is lighted.Replacing lamp can certainly be other the optics or the signaling gear of sound.The signal that is generated thus feeds back to electric control mechanism 30 via lead 29, so that existing position measurements is the yardstick of sclerderm crusher with respect to the position of metal molten pool 18 on this time point.

Lamp 31 also can combine with electronic control mechanism 30 through corresponding circuit certainly with outside voltage source 32 and realize, wherein, then only detects the resistance value between read element 27 and pond container 19.

For manipulating cylinder 10, but can provide the lower pressure P1 of first pressure source 34 or the elevated pressures P2 of second pressure source 35 alternatively in advance via the 3/2-change-over valve 33 of electric control.

Respectively the WP that valve state provided in advance through change-over valve 33 is by means of the 2nd 5/2-change-over valve 36; Flow to two working chambers 12 alternatively; One of them of 13, respectively other working chamber then is deflated simultaneously, and two change-over valves are herein by electronic control mechanism 30 controls.Lower pressure P 1 is selected as follows, that is, piston 11 is under the state that does not receive load, with desired speeds.Adjustable throttling valve 37 between first pressure source 34 and change-over valve 33 is in order to change this speed.Higher pressure P 2 is selected as follows,, on piston 11, has applied following power through this pressure P 2, the sclerderm 17 of the maximum ga(u)ge that this power enough occurs in order to break that is.Can be provided with corresponding throttling valve 38 or other pressure regulating device in order to change pressure P 2 here.

The action principle of described sclerderm breaker assembly will be hereinafter, according to setting forth in the signal diagrams shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.

For piston 11 and/or collide element 16,, working chamber 12 is loaded with lower pressure P 1 through the corresponding valve state of change-over valve 33,36 towards the travelling forward of metal molten pool 18.Make collision element 16 move to sclerderm 17 at first without barrier thus.Corresponding stroke-time-curve (w-t-curve) is stored in the electronic control mechanism 30 as theoretical curve Sv.This theoretical curve extends along straight line---as do not have sclerderm or other hamper in the motion that collides element existing.Along this theoretical curve Sv, formed variation off tolerance Tv, this variation off tolerance Tv conduct in Fig. 2 is shown in dotted line.Collide the motion of element 16, also promptly with the motion-actual value Iv shown in the long and short dash line, at first roughly follower theory curve S v.Arrive sclerderm 17 if collide element 16, and if enough sclerderm is not broken through the power that lower pressure P1 is acted on, the motion that then collides element 16 is hindered, and motion-actual value Iv leaves variation off tolerance Tv.This will be in electronic control mechanism 30, and through theory-reality-comparison is and identified or to be detected, the conversion and control through change-over valve 33 provides higher pressure P 2 in advance then, and this pressure is enough broken sclerderm 17.If on the time point of the arrival that collides element 16, do not form sclerderm yet, or sclerderm is so thin, even lower pressure P1 is also enough in order to break, then motion actual value Iv does not leave variation off tolerance Tv, does not then switch to higher pressure P 2 thus.

Theoretical curve Sv can be stored in the electronic control mechanism 30 such as in the framework of learning cycle.This theory-reality-the most also can carry out through velocity ratio.This means that theory-velocity curve is stored, and when motion, compare with reality-speed respectively.This reality-speed can be through stroke measuring device the derivative of time of stroke signal detect.

When colliding element 16 from return movement that metal molten pool 18 leaves, the throw out 22 that comes from metal molten pool 18 or sclerderm 17 is retained in and collides element 16 places, and this throw out 22 is stripped from by means of stripping off device 20.Pass when return movement ties up to shown in Fig. 3.Replace theoretical curve Sv, use theoretical curve Sr here, replace variation off tolerance Tv, use variation off tolerance Tr here, and replace motion actual value Iv, use motion actual value Ir.Motion is at first still carried out with lower pressure P 1, and another working chamber 13 loads with this pressure P 1.The throw out 22 that if possible keeps arrives mechanism for stripping 20, then possibly enough not carry out stripping process by means of the power of lower pressure P1.In this case, motion is hindered again, and motion-actual value Ir moves on to outside the variation off tolerance Tr.This plays the effect that switches on the elevated pressures P2 again, and this pressure is enough in order to carry out stripping process.If colliding element 16 place's sediment-frees or having only the small amount of precipitate thing, then lower pressure P 1 can be enough in order to stripping process, and does not switch on the elevated pressures P2.

Electronic control mechanism 30 optionally is equipped with indicating meter 37, in order to during the working process of sclerderm crusher, and display position value and other process.

Only have at the sclerderm crusher shown in Fig. 1 and to have the single cylinder 10 that collides element 16.Nature especially on bigger metal molten pool 18, can be used and has several cylinders 10 and the sclerderm crusher of several collision elements 16 thus.

Near metal molten pool 18, because there is higher temperature basically in molten metal.Temperature sensitive parts and subassembly, for example stroke measuring device must correspondingly design thus, such as conductively-closed or packed.Change-over valve 33,36 and/or electronic control mechanism 30 can be arranged away from cylinder 10, perhaps be integrated in the cylinder 10 or on it integrated, and such as being integrated in the end wall 15,23, or on it integrated.

In order to quicken working process; Also can be different with the description of preceding text, respectively in the proal beginning that collides element 16 with in the beginning of return movement, at boost phase with higher pressure P 2; Each working chamber 12 and/or 13 is loaded; Wherein, after arriving desired motion speed, switch on the lower WP P2.

Lower pressure P 1 can be such as between 1 to 1.5bar, and higher pressure is such as being about 8bar.Relate to Pneumatic pressure here, such as air pressure.In principle, also can use hydraulic fluid and hydraulic package certainly.

Claims

1. sclerderm crusher; Go up formed sclerderm (17) in order to break at metal molten pool (18), this sclerderm crusher has the cylinder (10) of fluidic, duplex, and the piston rod (14) of said cylinder (10) is equipped with and collides element (16); And two of said cylinder (10) through the isolating working chamber of piston (11) (12; 13) optionally load by means of valve member (33,36), it is characterized in that with higher hydrodynamicpressure and lower hydrodynamicpressure; Said cylinder (10) is equipped with stroke measuring device (24); Be provided with monitoring device in order to when colliding element (16) travelling forward on the sclerderm direction, the velocity curve that stroke-time curve that monitoring can provide in advance or monitoring can provide in advance, and electronic control mechanism (30) and said valve member (33; 36) be connected; With from given curve (Sv) form confirmable departing from, switch to higher fluid pressure (P2) by low hydrodynamicpressure (P1), said electronic control mechanism (30) also is designed in order to the return movement of monitoring collision element correspondingly.

2. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with stripping off device (20), is colliding that element (16) is sentenced metal that hang keeps or with hang was kept, come from metal molten pool (18) sclerderm part in order to peel off.

3. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, is provided with the pressure regulating mechanism (38) that is used for providing in advance the low hydrodynamicpressure (P1) that collides element (16) speed.

4. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Said valve member (33; 36) comprise first valve (33) that switches in order between high hydrodynamicpressure (P2) and lower hydrodynamicpressure (P1), and second valve (36) in order to first or second working chamber (12,13) is loaded with the hydrodynamicpressure of selecting in advance.

5. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, is provided with in order to forming the device of AV, and said AV forms as the time derivative of the stroke signal of stroke measuring device (24).

6. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, stroke measuring device is designed to the microwave measurement system in the working chamber of cylinder (10) (12 or 13), in order to measure the spacing between piston (11) and the cylinder end wall (15 or 23).

7. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Stroke measuring device (24) has in piston rod (14) or the measurement of resistance element of being arranged on it, and said measurement of resistance element can be read through at least one electric read element (26).

8. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Be provided with in order to detecting the measurement assembly of the immersion process of said collision element (16) in molten metal, the conductive container (19) that this measurement assembly is measured metal molten pool (18) or is used for it with collision element (16) or be attached thereto the piston rod (14) that connects between be electrically connected.

9. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said electronic control mechanism (30) is integrated in the cylinder (10) or on it.

10. sclerderm crusher according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Said electronic control mechanism (30) has device in order to when piston motion begins, providing higher hydrodynamicpressure (P2) in advance, and in boost phase termination back in order to switch on the lower hydrodynamicpressure (P1).

11. sclerderm crusher according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said stripping off device (20) is piped or cyclic.

12. sclerderm crusher according to claim 5 is characterized in that, is located in the electronic control mechanism (30) in order to the said device that forms AV.