CN101661357A - 触敏器件和提高触敏器件的空间分辨率的方法 - Google Patents

触敏器件和提高触敏器件的空间分辨率的方法 Download PDF

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CN101661357A
CN101661357A CN200910169187A CN200910169187A CN101661357A CN 101661357 A CN101661357 A CN 101661357A CN 200910169187 A CN200910169187 A CN 200910169187A CN 200910169187 A CN200910169187 A CN 200910169187A CN 101661357 A CN101661357 A CN 101661357A
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electrode
sensor circuit
touch sensitive
sensor
sensitive devices
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CN101661357B (zh
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韦恩·卡尔·维斯特曼
詹姆斯·E·奥尔四世
约翰·格里尔·艾里亚斯
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Apple Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0416Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
    • G06F3/04166Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/033Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/033
    • G06F2203/0339Touch strips, e.g. orthogonal touch strips to control cursor movement or scrolling; single touch strip to adjust parameter or to implement a row of soft keys

Abstract

这里公开了一种容性触敏器件。这里描述的触敏器件的一个方面是圆形或直线形容性触敏器件所需的传感器电路的数量减少,同时保持相同的分辨率以及对单个物体的绝对位置确定。这里描述的触敏器件的相关方面是一种编码模式,它允许容性触敏器件的每个传感器电路共享在传感器阵列中特别选定的位置上的多个电极,使得判断单个物体在该阵列上的绝对位置的能力不受损害。

Description

触敏器件和提高触敏器件的空间分辨率的方法
本申请是申请日为2005年8月15日、申请号为200580027519.8、名称为“提高触敏器件的空间分辨率的方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请涉及2004年8月16日递交的美国临时专利申请No.60/522,107并要求其优先权,该临时申请与本申请具有相同的题目和发明人,并作为参考被全部包含进来。
技术领域
本发明总地涉及触敏器件的领域,具体地说,涉及最优化容性传感电极的形状和布局,以增加使用有限数量的传感器的传感器件的有效空间分辨率和/或物理范围。
背景技术
在容性触敏器件中,在它可能具有的许多传感器中的每个传感器都包括形成电容器的一个极板的导电盘和一种测量该导电盘与另一个可移动的导电物形成的电容的方式。该可移动的导电物典型地是利用非导电隔离体与所述导电盘保持最小距离的手指或触笔。两个导电物(导电盘和可移动的导电物)连同它们之间的非导电电介质形成了一个电容器。本领域的技术人员公知,该电容器的电容随着所述导电物之间的距离和/或重叠的改变而改变。在典型的器件中,导电盘(此后称为电极)的数量、电极的尺寸以及电极之间的间距决定了触敏器件的物理范围和空间分辨率。
在容性触敏器件的典型实现中,在覆盖电介质的传感器电极阵列上滑动的手指的位置是通过观测电容随着手指在表面上移动而发生的改变来确定的。扫描和处理电路测量由于改变手指和给定的电极之间的重叠而发生的电容变化。如果手指大到足以与多个相邻电极部分重叠,那么内插就允许手指位置被确定为比电极间距高得多的分辨率。内插计算遵循传统的质心公式:每个电极处的信号值的总和乘以它的坐标,再除以所有信号值的总和。该技术对于由行列电极组成的线性阵列、被布置为车轮辐条形式的径向电极阵列或者被布置为填充平面空间的二维电极阵列都同样有效。旨在提高内插精度或分辨率的特殊电极形状是各种相关技术设计之间的主要区别。
例如,授予Boie等的美国专利5,463,388教导了指尖大小的、交织的电极螺旋体,以最小化多触点传感器阵列所需的电极数量。交织确保了当手指集中在一个特定的电极上,而电极彼此相隔一个指尖宽度时,手指与多个电极重叠。稳定的内插通常需要手指与多个电极连续重叠。
多伦多大学Seonkyoo Lee的硕士论文“A Fast Multi-Touch-Sensitive Input Device”(1984)披露了正方形电极单元的虚拟组,以更快地确定在一个相邻区域内是否存在一个物体,该论文作为引用被包含在本申请中。授予Gerpheide的美国专利5,767,457披露了通过在一个物体的任一侧寻找虚拟电极组的平衡点来确定该物体的位置。这两篇参考文献都作为引用被包含进来。
最后,全部转让给Synaptics并作为引用被包含在这里的美国专利5,543,590、5,543,591、5,880,411和6,414,671教导了在同一平面中的行列横跨电极的密交织,这是通过以下步骤形成的:将每行电极成形为互连的一串钻石形状,并将每列电极成形为一串钻石形状,其中心偏离行钻石中心。
但是,这样的器件还是需要对分辨率的更多改进。虽然可以通过增加额外的传感器元件来提高分辨率,但是对扫描时间、电路成本和功耗的规定同时驱动着系统朝着尽可能少的传感器元件的方向发展。因此,在传感器阵列设计领域中需要在传感器数量有限的情况下使分辨率最大化的传感器布局。这里公开了一种触敏器件,它解决了现有技术中对增大的分辨率和减小的传感器元件数量的需求。
发明内容
这里公开了一种容性触敏器件。这里描述的触敏器件的一个方面是圆形或直线形容性触敏器件所需的传感器电路数量的减少,同时保持相同的分辨率和对单个物体的绝对位置确定。这里描述的触敏器件的相关方面是一种编码模式,它允许容性触敏器件的每个传感器电路共享位于传感器阵列中特别选定的位置上的多个电极,使得确定单个物体在阵列上的绝对位置的能力不受到损害。
附图说明
图1图示了采用本发明的某些教导的触敏器件。
具体实施方式
这里描述了一种容性接触式传感器。本发明的以下实施方式仅仅是说明性的,在任何方面都不应当被认为是限制性的。
这里描述的触敏器件通过以特定的模式分散共享电极,允许每个传感器电路共享两个或更多的电极。电极被共享的意思是:它们通过公共导体电连接到同一容性测量传感器电路,而无需复用开关。优选地,分隔一对共享电极的距离,即分散距离是器件中的电极数量的三分之一。这里使用的触敏器件还包括特定的编码模式,使得:1)相邻的电极绝不共享相同的传感器电路;以及2)共享同一传感器电路的电极总是彼此相隔所述分散距离,即,大约相隔电极数量的三分之一。
在图1中图示了包含这里的教导的触敏器件。容性触敏器件100是一维圆形阵列,但是也可以使用其他布局,例如直线形阵列等。圆形阵列包括22个电极,编号为0-21。圆形阵列只包括11个传感器电路。这些传感器电路可以采用本领域的技术人员已知的各种传感器电路的形式。在美国专利6,323,846,名为“Method and Apparatus forIntegrating Manual Input”中披露了一种这样的电路,该专利作为引用被包含在这里。通过位于每个传感器电极的外部的编号来指定对应于每个电极的传感器电路。
触敏器件100因而每个传感器享有两个电极。然而,可以让每个传感器享有额外的电极。图1中的每个电极还包括一个组指示符“A”或“B”。每个A组电极与一个“B”组电极共享一个传感器。如上所述,优选的分散距离(即共享一个传感器的两个电极之间的距离)是大约传感器数量的三分之一的跨度,因而大约是器件的特征尺寸的三分之一。因此对于图1中的圆形器件而言,优选的分散距离大约是圆形的周长的三分之一,因而环绕传感器的大约三分之一。任意两个相邻的电极以及共享传感器电路的两个电极因而将是均匀间隔的,即围绕圆周的路径的三分之一。例如,A组中的电极1与B组中的电极8共享传感器1。电极1位于大约11点钟的位置上,而电极8位于大约7点钟的位置上。类似地,A组中的电极0与B组中的电极15共享传感器0。电极0位于大约十二点钟的位置上,而电极15位于大约四点钟的位置上。
替换地,传感器也可被构建为一维直线形阵列。对于这样一个传感器,分散模式基本上与圆形阵列相同:直线形阵列可以被视为在两个电极之间断开、不再卷曲的圆形阵列。同样,优选的是共享一个传感器的两个电极之间的分散距离大约是该器件的特征尺寸的三分之一,对于一个直线形传感器而言,特征尺寸就是该器件的长度。
显然,因为多个电极共享一个传感电路,所以不能确定与单个电极接触(靠近)的物体的绝对位置。为了绝对位置内插在根据此处的原理构建的器件中正常发挥作用,每个电极必须足够窄,足以使被跟踪的物体,通常是手指或者导电笔与多个(例如,两个或三个)相邻的电极重叠。同样,为了消除任何不确定性,被跟踪的物体必须小于分散距离,以使它不会与任何传感器电路的两个共享电极都重叠。
虽然其它电极共享模式也是可能的,但是这些模式中的一些不能用于不含糊地确定手指的位置。例如,分散距离为阵列尺寸一半的电极布局将会失败。对于圆形阵列,这将对应于圆周相对侧的电极的共享,彼此相隔180度。无论怎样实现译码和内插,系统都无法判断手指或触笔是否真地位于沿圆周半圈的相对位置上。
因此每个传感器电路都与多个电极相连,所以这里图示的传感器需要以下这样的译码方法:该方法寻找具有最大信号的电极集合,然后判断两个可能的电极组中的哪一组将这些最大信号归因于邻近的而非分散的电极。一旦知道了这种最佳译码,就可以在邻近电极之间开始传统的质心内插。为了质心计算的目的,每个传感器的全部信号都被归因于它在邻近组中的电极,而将它来自分散组的另一个电极归结为零信号,对质心的贡献为零。假设传感器电路的信噪比足够大,那么这里描述的传感器与每个电极具有一个独立传感器的传统位置检测器具有相同的位置分辨率。
下面的计算机指令的例子演示了在本发明中用于寻找正在接触圆形电极阵列的某个地方的手指或触笔的位置的算法。传感器和电极映射被保存在查找表(LUT)中,以最小化对触指位置进行译码所需的计算。LUT对于每一组将电极编号映射到传感器编号(Sensor_to_A_type_electrode,Sensor_to_B_type_electrode),映射对应于相邻电极的传感器编号(next_X_electrode_sensor,previous_X_electrode_sensor,其中X=A或B),映射电极编号到传感器编号(Electrode_to_Sensor)。这些LUT的使用简化了使用本发明计算手指位置的过程,但它们不是必需的。
利用代码实现的算法的简要描述如下所述:
1.扫描传感器阵列,收集对应于每个传感器的信号值。
2.使用代码段findMaxSensor来定位具有最大强度信号的传感器。
3.使用代码段findMaxElectrode来计算手指所在的电极。
4.使用代码段computeCentroid来计算质心。
5.重复步骤1-4。
#define NUM_SENSORS 11
#define NUM_ELECTRODES 22
//A组电极和传感器映射
Sensor_to A_type_electrode[NUM_SENSORS]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,11,13};
next_A_electrode_sensor[NUM_SENSORS]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,1,3,5,7};
previous_A_electrode_sensor[NUM_SENSORS]={6,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,1,3,5};
//B组电极和传感器映射
Sensor_to_B_type_electrode[NUM_SENSORS]={15,8,17,10,19,12,21,14,16,18,20};
next_B_electrode_sensor[NUM_SENSORS]={8,8,9,9,10,10,0,0,2,4,6};
previous_A_electrode_sensor[NUM_SENSORS]={7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,0,2,4};
//电极到传感器的映射
Electrode_to_Sensor[NUM_ELECTRODES]={
              0,//0
              1,//1
              2,//2
              3,//3
              4,//4
              5,//5
              6,//6
              7,//7
              1,//8
              8,//9
              3,//10
              9,//11
              5,//12
              10,//13
              7,//14
              0,//15
              8,//16
              2,//17
              9,//18
              4,//19
              10,//20
              6  //21
            };
//该代码寻找具有最强信号的传感器
void findMaxSensor(void){
   unsigned char maxval,i;
   max_sensor=0;
   maxval=0;
   for(i=0;i<NUM_SENSORS;i++){
     if(SensorData[e]>maxval){
        maxval=SensorData[i];
        max_sensor=I;
   }
  }
}
//该代码寻找具有最强信号的电极
//它通过检查与属于最大传感器的电极相邻的电极而开始。
//通过比较在属于最大传感器的电极的任一侧的两个电极的信号强度来识别正被触碰的电极。
//具有最大信号的组是手指触碰的一组。
void findMaxElectrode(void){
  int Asum,Bsum;
  Asum=SensorData[next_A_electrode_sensor[max_sensor]]+
        SensorData[previous_A_electrode_sensor[max_sensor]];
  Bsum=SensorData[next_A_electrode_sensor[max_sensor]]+
        SensorData[previous_B_electrode_sensor[max_sensor]];
  if(Asum>Bsum){
     maxelectrode=Sensor_to_A_type_electrode[max_sensor];
  }else{
     maxelectrode=Sensor_to_B_type_electrode[max_sensor];
  }
}
//该代码计算对应于触指的质心
//使用利用本发明的算法译码出的位置
#define CENTMULTIPLIER 8
void computeCentrold(void){
   Int pos_sum,electrode;
   char offset;
   Int sval;
   pos_sum=0;
   total_signal=0;
   //sum from maxelectrode in positive direction for two electrodes
   for(offset=1;offset<3;offset++){
         electrode=maxelectrode+offset;
         if(electrode>=NUM_ELECTRODES){
           electrode-=NUM_ELECTRODES;
         }
         sval=SensorData[Electrode_to_Sensor[electrode]];
         total_signal+=sval;
         pos_sum+=CENTMULTIPLIER*sval*offset;
      }
        //sum from maxelectrode in negative direction for two electrodes
        for(offset=1;offset<3;offset++){
         electrode=maxelectrode-offset;
         if(electrode<0){
           electrode+=NUM_ELECTRODES;
         }
         sval=SensorData[Electrode_to_Sensor[electrode]];
         total_signal+=sval;
         pos_sum-=CENTMULTIPLIER*sval*offset;
      }
      total_signal+=SensorData[maxe];
      sval=pos_sum/total_signal;
      sval+=CENTMULTIPLIER*maxelectrode;//absolute offset by
    maxelectrode
      if(sval<0){
        Centroid=176+sval;
      }
      else{
        Centroid=sval;
      }
}
虽然参照有限数量的实施方式描述了本发明,但是本领域的技术人员将会意识到很多修改和变体。希望所有这样的修改和变体都落在本发明要求保护的范围内。

Claims (19)

1.一种触敏器件,包括:
第一数量的多个触敏电极;和
第二数量的多个传感器电路,其中传感器电路的数量少于触敏电极的数量,使得在多于一个的所述触敏电极之间共享至少一个传感器电路;
其中,共享至少一个传感器电路的触敏电极中的每一个电极在空间上彼此相隔一分散距离,并且其中,每个触敏电极直接连接到至少一个传感器电路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的触敏器件,其中所述分散距离约为该触敏器件的特征尺寸的三分之一。
3.根据权利要求1所述的触敏器件,其中每个传感器电路直接连接到两个触敏电极。
4.根据权利要求1所述的触敏器件,其中所述多个触敏电极被布置为圆形阵列。
5.根据权利要求4所述的触敏器件,其中所述分散距离约为该圆形阵列的周长的三分之一。
6.根据权利要求4所述的触敏器件,其中每个传感器电路直接连接到两个触敏电极。
7.根据权利要求1所述的触敏器件,其中所述触敏电极被布置为直线形阵列。
8.根据权利要求7所述的触敏器件,其中所述分散距离约为该直线形阵列的长度的三分之一。
9.一种与触敏器件一起使用的跟踪物体的方法,其中所述触敏器件包括多个电极和多个传感器电路,其中至少一个所述传感器电路直接连接到多于一个的电极,该方法包括:
扫描所述多个传感器电路,以收集对应于所述多个传感器电路中的每一个传感器电路的信号值;
从所述多个传感器电路中识别具有最大信号值的传感器电路;
识别与另一个最大信号值相关联的电极,该电极对应于具有所述最大信号值的传感器电路;以及
参考识别出的电极以及与该识别出的电极相邻的电极计算正被跟踪的物体的质心。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,用于识别所述传感器电路以及识别所述电极所需的传感器和电极映射被存储在查找表中。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中识别与另一个最大信号值相关联的电极的步骤包括:
识别与具有最大信号值的传感器电路相关联的每个电极;
识别与识别出的和具有最大信号值的传感器电路相关联的电极相邻的每个电极;
比较与识别出的相邻电极相关联的信号值;以及
通过选择与相邻电极相关联的信号值达到最大的电极,识别具有最大信号值的电极。
12.一种触敏器件,被配置来确定物体的位置,该触敏器件包括:
第一数量的多个触敏电极;和
第二数量的多个传感器电路,其中传感器电路的数量少于触敏电极的数量,使得在多于一个的所述触敏电极之间共享至少一个传感器电路;
其中,共享一个传感器电路的触敏电极中的每一个电极在空间上彼此相隔一分散距离,并且其中,每个触敏电极直接连接到一个传感器电路,其中所述多个触敏电极被配置为使所述物体能够与多个相邻的电极重叠,并且其中所述分散距离大到足以防止所述物体与共享一个传感器电路的触敏电极重叠。
13.一种与触敏器件一起使用的跟踪物体的方法,其中所述触敏器件包括多个电极和多个传感器电路,其中至少一个所述传感器电路直接连接到多于一个的电极,其中所述多个触敏电极被配置为使所述物体能够与多个相邻的电极重叠,并且其中共享一个传感器电路的触敏电极中的每一个电极在空间上彼此相隔一分散距离,所述分散距离大到足以防止所述物体与共享一个传感器电路的触敏电极重叠,该方法包括:
扫描所述多个传感器电路,以收集对应于所述多个传感器电路中的每一个传感器电路的信号值;
从所述多个传感器电路中识别具有最大信号值的传感器电路;
识别与另一个最大信号值相关联的电极,该电极对应于识别出的具有最大信号值的传感器电路;以及
参考识别出的电极以及与该识别出的电极相邻的电极计算正被跟踪的物体的质心。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中识别与另一个最大信号值相关联的电极的步骤包括:
识别与具有最大信号值的传感器电路相关联的每个电极;
识别与识别出的和具有最大信号值的传感器电路相关联的电极相邻的每个电极;
比较与识别出的相邻电极相关联的信号值;以及
通过选择与相邻电极相关联的信号值达到最大的电极,识别具有最大信号值的电极。
15.一种容性触敏器件,被配置来确定物体的位置,该器件包括:
排列成阵列的第一数量的多个电极,该阵列具有至少第一尺寸;
第二数量的多个传感器电路,所述多个电极的数量大于所述多个传感器电路的数量;
每个传感器电路与至少两个不相邻的电极相关联,所述两个不相邻的电极相隔一分散距离,该分散距离小于所述第一尺寸的一半。
16.根据权利要求15所述的容性触敏器件,其中所述多个电极的数量是所述多个传感器电路的数量的两倍。
17.根据权利要求15所述的容性触敏器件,其中所述分散距离约为所述第一尺寸的三分之一。
18.根据权利要求15所述的容性触敏器件,其中约三分之一的所述电极位于所述两个不相邻的电极之间。
19.一种使用如权利要求15所述的容性触敏器件来跟踪物体的方法,该方法包括:
识别与最大信号值相关联的传感器电路;
识别与最大信号值相关联的电极,该电极对应于具有最大信号值的传感器电路;以及
参考具有最大信号值的电极和相邻的电极来计算正被跟踪的物体的质心。
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KR101065943B1 (ko) 2011-09-20
US7932897B2 (en) 2011-04-26
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EP1779228A1 (en) 2007-05-02
EP1779228B1 (en) 2012-04-11
US20060032680A1 (en) 2006-02-16
KR20070062503A (ko) 2007-06-15
JP2008511045A (ja) 2008-04-10
KR20110014687A (ko) 2011-02-11
CN101031870A (zh) 2007-09-05
KR20090104118A (ko) 2009-10-05
CN101661357B (zh) 2013-07-03
WO2006023569A1 (en) 2006-03-02
KR101109220B1 (ko) 2012-01-30
JP5372985B2 (ja) 2013-12-18
ATE553429T1 (de) 2012-04-15
CN100555200C (zh) 2009-10-28
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