CN1017289B - 背衬照明装置 - Google Patents

背衬照明装置

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CN1017289B
CN1017289B CN90108038A CN90108038A CN1017289B CN 1017289 B CN1017289 B CN 1017289B CN 90108038 A CN90108038 A CN 90108038A CN 90108038 A CN90108038 A CN 90108038A CN 1017289 B CN1017289 B CN 1017289B
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light
guide plate
light guide
lamp
light source
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CN1050785A (zh
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大卫·L·邦德
凯文·D·卡什克
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Motorola Solutions Inc
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Motorola Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0015Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/002Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
    • G02B6/0021Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces for housing at least a part of the light source, e.g. by forming holes or recesses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/004Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
    • G02B6/0043Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles provided on the surface of the light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • G02B6/0046Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G02B6/0055Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0058Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide
    • G02B6/0061Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide to provide homogeneous light output intensity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/18Edge-illuminated signs
    • G09F2013/1804Achieving homogeneous illumination
    • G09F2013/1831Achieving homogeneous illumination using more than one light source

Abstract

经改进的背衬照明装置可在所有环境照明条件下均匀地照亮正像和负像LCD。白炽灯(301-304)发出的光由一导光板(101)来分散。导光板(101)的底面有选择地涂成白色以将光反射到导光板(101)表面,而未涂覆的区域将光反射到导光板(101)内,以消除亮斑和暗斑。导光板(101)靠近灯(301-304)的角落作成两个拐角以求将光反射到显示器中央。有一灯(301-304)烧掉不会显著影响该装置的均匀照明性能。

Description

此发明总体上涉及背衬照明。具体而言,此发明涉及液晶显示器的背衬照明。
常用的两类液晶显示器(LCD)为正像和负像显示器。正像显示器可使前景底发射或反射光而字符分段区域是暗的。各字符段仅在各字符段变暗处阻挡发射或反射的光,从而形成字符。负像显示器有一暗的前景而开口字符段区域通过发射或反射光束形成字符。正像LCD的前景或负像LCD的字符段可以通过采用带有白炽灯的滤光片或通过改变LED照明灯的颜色来着色。
LCD作为一种光阀而非一种发射显示器需要LCD背后的光束显出哪些字符分段是发亮的。这种从LCD背后的照明称为背衬照明。
背衬照明可用两种方法来实现。第一种方法是在LCD背后放置一反光板。反光板使从LCD表面进入的环境光从背后通过LCD反射回来。这在诸如日照之类的强环境照明条件下是很有效的。环境光越亮,背衬照明越亮,因而LCD越易辩读。在弱环境照明条件下,如在夜间或早晚,由于没有足够的光进入LCD表面作为背衬照明,反光板没有效果。
第二种背衬照明方法在LCD背后采用一人工光源。这种方法在弱环境照明条件下是有效的。这种方法在强环境照明条件下不起作用,因为强环境光会盖过人工光。结果,LCD字段既暗淡又完全无法辩读。人工光源可以包括:白炽灯泡、发光二极管(LED)、电致发光板、荧光灯管或卤素灯泡等。
典型情况下,负像显示器在弱环境照明条件下采用人工背衬照明来发光而同时还在强环境照明条件下在导光板表面上采用一散射片来反射环境光。如果背衬照明不够亮,在一般的环境照明条件下显示器看起来效果差。这是由于缺少足够的环境光来利用散射板的反射特性并且没有足够的人工背衬照明来盖过一般的环境光。
当背衬照明与LCD和驱动电路结合在一起时,就称为一个显示组件。某些显示组件薄得在LCD之后只有有限的空间用作背衬照明某些显示组件还有长度和宽度限制。这些小型的小断面显示组件需要将光源装在导光板的侧边来为LCD提供背衬照明。
负像和正像LCD都会出现同样的问题。这些问题包括:不均匀照明、暗弱照明及灯的可靠性低。不均匀照明的一般特征是有亮斑。亮斑是光比显示器其它区域强的局部区域,亮斑通常局限于光源本身周围的区域。对于在导光板边缘带有光源的小断面显示器,LCD常常在其边像有亮斑并且其中央较暗。
当显示器所有区域处于不可接受的亮度时,就会出现暗弱照明的问题。为负像显示器作背衬照明比为正像显示器更困难。对于负像显示器,观看者能看到从字符区域而不像在正像LCD中从整个背景区域发出的光。因而,背衬照明的光照量必须很大以求在一般的环境照明条件下产生美观悦目的显示效果。由于显示组件尺寸限制,典型情况下采用白炽灯或LED。对于负像小断面显示组件白炽灯泡是优先的选择,因为它们输出的光比LED多。白炽灯泡的缺点是它们本身不如LED可靠。
白炽灯泡可靠性低常常影响它们用作显示器的背衬照明。灯的寿命期望值与其效率成反比。换句话说,提高白炽灯的效率会缩短其寿命。高的额定电压也会降低灯对于机械冲击和振动的耐受力。因而,在典型情况下,采用白炽灯背衬照明的亮的负像LCD既寿命短又需要大功率并且在有机械冲击和振动时易于损坏。
因为需要有一种背衬照明装置,具有均匀的光照,在所有观看条件下具有美观悦目的亮度和具有高可靠性。
此项发明既为负像又为正像显示器提供均匀和明亮的照明。采用4个白炽灯提供照明,导光板通过将光从导光板内侧反射开而将光分散。导光板的每个角落作成两个拐角以求将光反射到显示器中央。通过按灯的轮廓将除边缘附近之外的底面涂成白色而将光从导光板的底面上散射开,以限制亮斑和暗斑。从导光板侧边折射出的光被导光板两侧边上的白色散射反光面和另两侧边上将下层电路与LCD连在一起的白色橡胶反光面反射回板内。
灯是分成两对接线的,每对是串联的。每对灯都足以照亮整个显示器。用串联的两对来照明整个显示器,加在每只灯上的电压较低。较低的电压意味着灯的可靠性较高。
此发明的光效率使得可以采用具有可接受的寿命、功耗和发热量的白炽灯而又能达到明亮的背衬照明。
图1表示依照本发明的优选实施例的立体图。
图2表示依照本发明的灯连接优选实施例。
图3表示依照本发明的灯的照明布局。
图4表示依照本发明的涂覆导光板底面的布局的优选实施例。
图5表示依照本发明的导光板优选实施例的构形。
此发明在小断面液晶显示器上提供均匀明亮的光分布。此发明的优选实施例,如图1所示,由一块聚丙烯导光板(101)、4只白炽灯(301-304)、两个散射反光面(103)和两个橡胶连接条(104)构成。明亮而又均匀照明的显示器是通过将灯(301-304)发出的光输入导光板(101)中来获得的。从灯的端头发出的光用导光板(101)的内反射引向中央。
4只灯(301-304)成对置于导光板(101)相对的侧边并侧放着以保持装置窄的侧断面。灯(301-304)放置得尽可能靠近导光板(101)以保证有最大的光通量从灯(301-304)进入导光板(101)。灯(301-304)的底端放置得相互接近得足以减小在导光板(101)边缘处灯(301-304)之间的暗区。
灯可以以图2所示的对角串并联构形作电气连接。每对串联的灯(301-302,303-304)的单独就足以照亮整个显示器。每对的照明布局如图3所示。这种构形的优点是:如果灯(301-304)之一烧掉,串联的另一只灯(301-304)也会灭掉而留下另外两只灯(301-304)足以均匀地照亮显示器。当有两只灯(301-304)灭掉使用时平均亮度将只有一半,但照明仍将是足够均匀地分布的。这种构形的另一个优点是每只灯(301-304)工作于低电压。低电压可使灯(301-304)不易受冲击影响并使它们有更长的寿命期望值而又不增加功耗。
围绕着灯不对着导光板的三个侧面设有一个白色散射反光板。该板可将从邻近的灯(301-303, 302-304)发出的光反射入导光板内,还可反射从其它灯发出(301-303,302-304)已通过导光板的光。
为达到此发明的良好效果导光板必须有合适的构造。所有侧边、表面和背面未涂覆的区域必须平整,能够产生光的内反射。导光板(101)的背面有选择地涂成白色。围绕着每只灯的边框、半日及椭圆形的部分留下来未予涂覆。这种布局的优选实施例如图4所示。导光板的平整的未涂覆的表面可内反射具有小于临界角(对聚丙烯为42°)的入射角的光。反射角等于入射角。白色涂层可进行漫反射,将光散开。这些光的一部分从导光板逸出并透过LCD。因而,边框、椭圆及半日布局具有减弱由灯的邻近所造成的亮斑并提高涂覆区域亮度。
靠近每只灯(301-304)的导光板(101)的内半径与灯(301-304)的透镜的外半径相配合。这使得从灯(301-304)的透镜发出的光可无折射地进入导光板(101)内。从灯(301-304)发出并进入导光板(101)的光的直线路径改善了导光板(101)靠近每只灯(301-304)的照明的均匀性。
导光板(101)靠近每只灯的角落成如图5所示的角度。灯的输出的主要部分从灯的端头发出。如果采用简单的矩形导光板,这部分光无法截获,并因而被浪费掉了。弯面(501,502)将这部分光反射到导光板面(503)上。采用图形方法易于给出从面(501、502、503)上反射开的光的路径。采用这种方法,确定了可将光直接引向否则会发暗的光导板的中央区域的角度。在优选实施例中,第一面(501)与侧边成18°角,而第二面与侧边成30°角。任何超过临界角投射在弯面(501,502)或侧边的光将会被折射到导光板(101)之外。
被折射到导光板(101)之外的光由两个白色橡胶连接条(104)和两个白色散射反光面(103)反射回其中。这些反光面(103)和连接条(104)的位置如图1所示。橡胶连接条(104)还具有将LCD驱动电路连接到LCD的作用。
背衬照明装置的表面不应放置得与任何其它面直接接触。应当留出空气间隙以保持导光板(101)的内反射性能。在典型的负像LCD上所用的在LCD与导光板(101)之间的有色滤光中不会影响使用,因为导光板与滤光片之间只有断续的接触。此发明的正常工作只需在导光板(401)上有几个分子厚的空气。
背衬照明装置对负像和正像LCD都可均匀照明。由此发明的所有内容得到光效率的综合改进需要较少的照明即可达到指定的亮度。由于白炽灯效率与其工作寿命成反比,寿命的提高、功耗及热量的降低、总体亮度的提高或这些优点的某种组合都可由此发明实现。
带有可将光引向显示器中部的弯角的导光板提供遍及显示器的无亮斑的均匀照明。采用背衬照明装置,负像LCD可以获得LED显示器的效果并在任何照明条件下都可辨读,而成本低于LED显示器。
此发明的另一实施例是采用诸如LED之类的其它光源。可根据显示器的大小和所需亮度采用不同数量的光源。面(501、502)的角度和大小以及图4所示的有选择的布局可针对光源的发射分布进行优化。导光板的背侧可以以任何能产生漫反射的方式进行处理。导光板可以是任何能适用内反射原理的材料。光源周围的材料可以是任何能进行反射的材料。
熟悉本行的人会认识到,可以对此发明进行各种修改和变动而并不背离其实质和范围。因而应当懂得,在对前面详述的实施例没有具体限定时,权利要求不应被认为仅限于这些实施例。

Claims (11)

1、为液晶显示器作背衬照明的装置,其特征在于:
用来分散光的透明件(101),有至少4个侧边、一表面和一底面,在至少4个侧边的至少一侧带有至少一缺口;
至少一光源(301-304),置于至少一缺口内,用来发光;
漫反射材料,加在分解光件的底面上;
至少一侧的一部分在至少一缺口与分散光的透明件的一个角之间有多个反射光的折角。
2、权利要求1的装置,进一步特征还有:至少一光源为白炽光灯泡。
3、权利要求1的装置,其进一步特征在于:分散光件为一用基本上透明的材料制成的导光平板。
4、权利要求3的装置,其进一步特征在于:基本上透明材料为聚丙烯材料。
5、权利要求1的装置,其进一步特征在于:分散光件的表面底面有选择的部分和至少4个侧边是光滑的。
6、权利要求1的装置,其进一步特征在于:加在分散光件底面上的反射材料为白色涂料。
7、权利要求1的装置,其进一步特征在于:反射材料设置得使至少一光源可提供均匀分布的光。
8、为液晶显示器件背衬照明的装置,其特征在于:
a)用来分散光的基本上透明的导光平板(101)四个侧边,相对的第一和第二侧边各有一缺口,其中装有至少一光源(301-304),用来发光,相对的第一和第二侧边在分散光件的一个角与缺口之间各有多个折角;
b)第一反射面(104),置于导光板至少一侧,使得从导光板第一侧边发出的光被反射入导光板;
c)第二反射面(103),置于围绕着至少一光源的至少一平面处,用来反射光;其特征还有:
d)一漫反射材料,加在导光板底面,用来散射投射在导光板底面上的光,反射材料的设置方式使得可基本上均匀地将从至少一光源发出的光分散。
9、权利要求8的装置,其特征还有:至少一光源为白炽灯泡。
10、权利要求8的装置,其特征还有:基本上透明的材料为聚丙烯材料。
11、权利要求8的装置,其特征还有:反射材料为白色涂料。
CN90108038A 1989-10-02 1990-09-28 背衬照明装置 Expired CN1017289B (zh)

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US07/415,741 1989-10-02
US07/415,741 US4975808A (en) 1989-10-02 1989-10-02 Backlighting apparatus

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CN1050785A CN1050785A (zh) 1991-04-17
CN1017289B true CN1017289B (zh) 1992-07-01

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US4975808A (en) 1990-12-04
ATE145716T1 (de) 1996-12-15
EP0446324A1 (en) 1991-09-18
DE69029258T2 (de) 1997-06-05
DE69029258D1 (de) 1997-01-09
CA2042060C (en) 1994-11-01
EP0446324A4 (en) 1993-06-30
EP0446324B1 (en) 1996-11-27
AU6413690A (en) 1991-04-28
WO1991005202A1 (en) 1991-04-18
AU625629B2 (en) 1992-07-16
CN1050785A (zh) 1991-04-17
CA2042060A1 (en) 1991-04-03

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