CN101803231A - 分布式天线通信系统 - Google Patents

分布式天线通信系统 Download PDF

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CN101803231A
CN101803231A CN200780053555A CN200780053555A CN101803231A CN 101803231 A CN101803231 A CN 101803231A CN 200780053555 A CN200780053555 A CN 200780053555A CN 200780053555 A CN200780053555 A CN 200780053555A CN 101803231 A CN101803231 A CN 101803231A
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antenna
port
signal
antenna system
base station
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S·谢纳特
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Commscope Connectivity LLC
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LGC Wireless LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/0874—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using subgroups of receive antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components

Abstract

一种分布式天线系统包括基站收发台、多个分布式天线单元以及信号路由装置。基站收发台具有生成有重叠发射频率且包含不同通信内容的多个下行信号的多个输出端口。不同通信内容被指向多个移动单元中的每一个。基站收发台还有至少一个上行接收端口以接收上行信号。该上行信号包括从移动单元中的至少一个移动单元接收到的通信内容。多个分布式天线单元有不重叠的或仅部分重叠的覆盖范围。信号路由装置将下行信号路由至多个分布式天线，使得多个下行信号的每一个被一个或多个分布式天线发射并且每个分布式天线仅发射所述下行信号中的一个下行信号。

Description

分布式天线通信系统
发明领域
本发明涉及无线通信，更特别地，涉及用于无线通信的分布式天线系统。
发明背景
在常规的无线蜂窝电话网络中，基站收发台(BTS)促进了在移动单元(例如蜂窝电话)和电话网络之间的通信。典型的基站包括用来向移动单元发送无线电信号(下行)并且从移动单元接收无线电信号(上行)的多个收发单元和天线。基站的天线被安放室外，在蜂窝塔上或在建筑物的顶端。基站被定位在关键地方，为的是最大化在广大的地理区域内的覆盖范围。基站经由回程连接与电话网络进行通信上的耦合。
常规基站为基站的每个天线使用一个发射输出信号和一个接收信号。发射和接收信号工作在不同的频率上，这允许对发射信号和接收信号进行分离。这就允许了通过双工器合并发射信号和接收信号，使得单天线可用于发射和接收这两个信号。所以经由天线多个移动设备可以同时进行通信，发射和接收信号每个都被分配到多个信道中。例如，用于蜂窝通信的CDMA(码分多址)协议，例如UTMS(通用移动电信系统)，以及用于蜂窝通信的TDMA(时分多址)协议，例如GSM(全球移动通信系统)，都允许几个通信信道被合并成发射信号和接收信号。
在另一个配置中，基站使用接收分集技术，其中两个天线被用来从移动单元接收上行信号。这种情况下，接收天线是同地协作的，因为它们被安装在同一个室外结构上但相互之间略有间隔。来自每个天线的信号于是被合并以形成上行信号。这种配置可以提高蜂窝覆盖或允许移动单元使用较小输出功率。
更新一代的基站支持多输入多输出(MIMO)的配置。一个例子就是MIMO 2x2，其中基站使用两个发射天线用于下行信号和两个接收天线用于上行信号。另一个例子是MIMO 4x4，其中使用四个发射天线用于下行信号并使用四个接收天线用于上行信号。在所有这些MIMO配置中，天线都是同地协作的，因为它们被安装在同一个室外结构上但相互之间略有间隔。
这些MIMO配置被用于改善基站的吞吐量。这是通过基站合并从多个天线所获得的多个信号来使被合并的信号更强或减少干扰来实现的
虽然当移动设备位于室外时这些MIMO配置可以改善通信，但当位于室内时由建筑物结构导致的信号衰减(即室内穿透损耗)还是会使移动单元产生通信困难。
在分布式天线系统(DAS)中，在位于分布地点的几个天线之间分配发射功率，以便可以用与使用单天线所要求的相比较少的发射功率来提供大的覆盖范围。DAS系统被用来为无线通信提供室内覆盖。无论如何，常规分布式天线系统还留有改善的空间。
所需要的是一种改进的用于无线通信的分布式天线系统。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种分布式天线系统，根据实施方式，该系统包括基站收发台，基站收发台具有生成多个下行信号的多个输出端口，该多个下行信号具有重叠的发射频率且包含不同通信内容。不同通信内容被指向于多个移动单元的每一个。基站收发台还具有至少一个上行接收端口以接收上行信号。该上行信号包括从所述移动单元中的至少一个移动单元接收到的通信内容。系统还包括多个分布式天线单元，该多个分布式天线单元具有不重叠的或仅部分重叠的覆盖范围。系统还包括信号路由装置，该信号路由装置用于将下行信号路由至多个分布式天线，使得多个下行信号的每一个通过一个或多个分布式天线被发射，并且每个分布式天线仅发射所述下行信号中的一个下行信号。
根据可选择的实施方式，所述系统包括多个分布式天线单元和一个多口集线器。该集线器包括用于连接电信系统的基站的第一接口，该第一接口包括用于从基站收发台接收通信的多个下行端口以及用于向基站收发台发送通信的多个上行端口。该集线器还包括具有用于发送通信到多个天线中的每一个天线的下行端口的第二接口，以及第一接口具有用于从多个天线单元中的每一个天线单元接收通信的上行端口。集线器还包括用于在多种预先确定的配置中重新配置集线器的装置，每种配置将第一接口的一个或多个下行端口路由到第二接口的选择的一组下行端口，并且将第二接口的选择的一组上行端口路由至第一接口的一个或多个上行端口。
附图简述
关于本发明的特定示例性实施方式描述本发明，以及相应地参考附图，其中：
图1示出根据本发明实施方式的分布式天线通信系统；
图2示出根据本发明实施方式的图1的多端口集线器的细节；以及
图3A-C示出根据本发明实施方式的分布式天线单元的覆盖范围的示例性布置；
图4示出根据本发明实施方式的包含了可编程分离器和可编程合成器的集线器；
图5示出根据本发明实施方式的包含了硬接线分离器和硬接线合成器的集线器；
图6示出根据本发明可选择实施方式的分布式天线通信系统；以及
图7A-B示出根据本发明实施方式的分布式天线单元的覆盖范围的示例性布置。
发明详述
图1示出根据本发明的实施方式的分布式天线通信系统100。如图1所示，基站收发子系统(其也可被称为BTS或基站)102经由回程链接106与电话网络104进行通信上的耦合。在通信网络104中，回程106与基站控制器(BSC)108耦合，反过来，BSC 108与移动交换中心(MSC)110耦合。MSC 110与公共交换电话网络(PSTN)112(例如用于语音通信)耦合并且还可以与互联网114(例如用于数据通信)耦合。
BSC 108可以执行各种常规功能，其包括无线电信道分配、基站之间的呼叫切换、配置基站102、处理警报和执行网络管理功能。MSC 110可以执行各种常规功能，包括电路交换，以及给移动用户提供应用和呼叫性能，比如呼叫振铃和漫游。在一个实施方式中，某些常规地由BSC 108和MSC 110执行的性能可以用基站102替代执行。例如，基站102可以包括本地服务器，其被用Linux操作系统配置来执行这些功能。
基站102还与多口集线器116通过例如无线链接进行通信上的耦合。基站102可以位于蜂窝服务供应商的站点(site)。集线器116与多个天线单元118进行通信上的耦合。每个天线单元118都形成相应的覆盖范围。典型地，集线器116和天线单元118是位于室内的。例如，集线器116可以位于商业大厦的设备柜中，同时天线单元118可以分布在整个建筑物中，为的是形成实质上包括了建筑物中的占用范围的覆盖范围。因此天线单元118的覆盖范围是分布式的，这意味着它们是非重叠或仅部分重叠的。天线单元118通过双向链接122与集线器116耦合。每个天线单元118都可以包括天线和收发器。
在覆盖范围内的移动通信设备120(例如蜂窝电话)经由天线单元118、集线器116、基站102和回程106中的一个或多个，与通信网络104进行通信上的耦合。集线器116和天线单元118共同形成分布式天线系统(DAS)。虽然很明显可以提供不同数量的天线单元118，但是在图1所示的示例性系统中提供了八个天线单元118。
基站102可以有多输入多输出(MIMO)能力。这意味着基站102可以有能力处理并且发送并行的下行信号(例如有相同发射频率或者至少有重叠的发射频带或信道)至多个发射天线。此外，基站102可以有能力从多个接收天线接收并行的上行信号并且把来自每个天线的信号处理成合并的信号。在这种情况下，来自每个天线的信号处于相同的接收频率上或至少在重叠的频带内，并且可以包含冗余内容和/或重叠信道。
图2示出根据本发明实施方式的图1的多端口集线器的细节。基站102与集线器116的一个或多个发射(下行)端口相连。如图2所示，这些下行端口以DA、DB、DC和DD标记。又如图2所示的，实线表明基站102与端口DA相连接。虚线表明到端口DB、DC和DD的可选连接。例如，如果使用MIMO 2x2，基站102可以有到下行端口的两个连接和到上行端口的两个连接。在MIMO 4x4的情况中，可以对上行和下行的每一个都使用4个连接。虽然图2示出了到4个下行端口的最多4个连接，但很明显地这是示例性的且可以提供不同数量的端口。
从基站102所接收到的发射(下行)信号有相同或至少重叠的频率；例如，它们可以工作在相同的频道上。但是它们可以包含不同的通信内容。例如，第一下行信号可以在端口DA被发射并工作在1900MHz频带内。这个第一下行信号可以包含指向特定移动单元120的通信内容。第二下行信号可以在端口DB被发射并可也工作在1900MHz的频带内。但是，该第二下行信号可以包含与第一下行信号不同的通信内容。该第二下行信号的内容可以被指向移动单元中不同的一个移动单元。这些移动单元的任何一个都可以接收到预定给其他移动单元的信号。这种情况下，移动单元可以忽视预定给其他设备的内容。
来自端口D1到D4的下行信号通过集线器116被路由至天线单元118的被选择的组。如图2所示，集线器116被提供了发射(下行)端口D1到D8，其中每一个发射端口用于8个天线单元118中的每一个天线单元。可重新配置的开关124把来自基站端口DA到DD的下行信号路由至下行天线端口D1到D8中的被选择的端口。例如，如果使用8个天线单元118和MIMO 2x2配置，则一半的远程天线单元118与下行端口DA连接并且另一半与下行端口DB连接。在一个这样配置中，下行端口DA可以与天线端口D1、D2、D3和D4相连，同时下行端口DB可以与天线端口D5、D6、D7和D8相连。因此，在这种配置下，在基站端口DA的下行信号在天线端口D1、D2、D3和D4上被重复。相类似地，在基站端口DB的信号在天线端口D5、D6、D7和D8上被重复。在一个可选择配置中，下行端口DA可以与天线端口D1、D3、D5和D7相连，同时下行端口DB可以与天线端口D2、D4、D6和D8相连。
基站102还被连接到集线器116的一个或多个接收(上行)端口。如图2所示，这些上行端口被标记为UA、UB、UC和UD。又如图2所示，实线表明基站102与端口UA相连。虚线表明到端口UB、UC和UD的可选连接。例如，如果使用MIMO 2x2，则基站102将会有到上行端口的两个连接。在MIMO 4x4的情况中，可使用4个连接。虽然图2示出了到4个上行端口的最多4个连接，但很明显地这是示例性的且可以提供不同数量的端口。
来自天线的被选择的组的上行信号通过集线器116被路由至基站的上行端口UA、UB、UC或UD。如图2所示，集线器116被提供了接收(上行)端口U1到U8，其中每一个接收端口用于8个天线单元118中的每一个天线单元。可重新配置的开关124把来自天线基站端口UA到UD的上行信号路由至上行天线端口U1到U8中被选择的天线端口。例如，如果使用8个天线单元118和MIMO 2x2配置，则一半的远程天线单元118可被连接至上行端口UA并且另一半被连接至上行端口UB。在一个这样配置中，上行端口UA可以与天线端口U1、U2、U3和U4相连，同时上行端口UB可以与天线端口U5，、U6、U7和U8相连。因此，在这种配置下，在天线端口U1、U2、U3和U4上的上行信号可以通过信号求和被合并以形成在基站端口UA上的上行信号。相类似地，在天线端口U5、U6、U7和U8的信号被合并以形成在基站端口UB的上行信号。在一个可选择配置中，上行端口UA被连接至天线端口U1、U3、U5和U7，同时下行端口UB被连接至天线端口U2、U4、U6和U8。
在上行端口UA到UD从集线器102接收的接收(上行)信号有相同的接收频率并且包含了冗余内容和/或重叠的信道。然而，这些上行信号可以不包含相同的内容，因为通过特定移动设备发射的信号可存在于一个上行信号的信道内，而可能不存在于所有上行信号中或其可能以不同的信号强度存在。
系统100能够支持在基站102和移动单元120之间的双工通信。在优选的实施方式中，每个天线单元118使用单天线用于双工上行和下行信号。例如，上行和下行信号可以根据频分双工进行工作。可选择地，上行信号和下行信号可以根据时分双工进行工作。参考附图，在天线端口D1上的下行信号和在天线端口U1的上行信号可以是双工的。在其他端口上的下行信号和上行可以是相类似的双工的。
通过基站102生成的下行信号可以是射频(RF)信号。相类似地，通过天线单元118发射的下行信号可以是RF的。相应地，下行信号可通过集线器116以RF的形式被路由而不需频率变换。可选择地，通过基站102生成的RF下行信号可以被下变频为中频(IF)信号用以通过集线器116进行路由。然后在通过天线单元118重新发射之前，IF信号可以被向上变频为RF的。例如，对下行而言，集线器116可以包含位于端口DA、DB、DC和DD与开关124之间路径上的频率下变频器。还是对于下行，频率上变频器可以位于集线器116中，在开关124和端口D1到D8之间。可选择地，频率上变频器可以位于天线单元118中。对上行而言，频率下变频器可以位于集线器116中、在端口U1到U8与开关124之间，或者在天线单元118中。还是对于上行，频率上变频器还可以位于集线器116中，在开关124和端口UA、UB、UC和UD之间。
DAS系统可以连接到支持各种不同的MIMO配置的各种不同的基站上。集线器116的可重新配置的开关124适应这些不同的基站配置。此外，集线器116还可以允许用户从开关124容许的预先确定的配置中进行选择(通过用户接口)。使用以上例子，对MIMO 2x2，可重新配置的开关124可以连接一半的远程天线单元118至下行端口DA并且连接另一半至下行端口DB。但是，可以有多种容许的选择方案来进行这样的连接。在第一种配置中，下行端口DA可以连接至天线端口D1、D2、D3和D4，同时下行端口DB可以连接至天线端口D5、D6、D7和D8。在第二种配置中，下行端口DA可以连接至天线端口D1、D3、D5和D7，同时下行端口DB可以连接到天线端口D2、D4、D6和D8。对这样的MIMO 2x2配置，端口DC、DD、UC和UD未被使用，因此也可以没有连接。
在一个优选的实施方式中，集线器116自动确定基站下行端口DA到DB中哪些被激活以及基站的上行端口UA到UB中哪些被激活。集线器116还可以确定天线下行端口D1到D8和上行端口U1到U8中哪些具有相连接的天线单元118。这可以通过集线器控制器126感测在端口处是否有电信号存在(例如通过场强感测)或者感测电缆是否被机械地插入端口(例如通过机械开关)来完成。然后确定哪些端口被激活对开关124的容许的预先确定的配置起决定性作用。这种情况下，开关124可通过集线器控制器126(即开关124可在远程控制内被重新配置)被配置或重新配置。
提供了最多4个下行和4个上行基站端口的基站102的典型配置包括：单入单出(这也可被称为“SISO”或“MIMO 1x1”)；单入双出(这也可被称为“SIMO 1x2”或“MIMO 1x2”)；单入四出(这也可被称为“SIMO 1x4”或“MIMO 1x4”)；双入单出(这也可被称为“MISO 2x1”或“MIMO 2x1”)；双入双出(这也可被称为“MIMO 2x2”)；双入四出(这也可被称为“MIMO 2x4”)；四入单出(这也可被称为“MISO4x1”或“MIMO 4x1”)；四入双出(这也可被称为“MIMO 4x2”)；以及四入四出(这也可被称为“MIMO 4x4”)。
对MIMO 1x1，一个下行基站端口(例如端口DA)和一个上行基站端口(例如端口UA)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可能只有一种容许的配置，其中基站端口DA连接至所有的下行天线端口(例如端口D1到D8)并且其中所有上行天线端口(例如端口U1到U2)被连接至基站端口UA。
对基站MIMO 1x2，一个下行基站端口(例如端口DA)和两个上行基站端口(例如端口UA和UB)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许的配置中，基站端口DA可以连接至所有下行天线端口(例如端口D1到D8)，同时上行天线端口(例如端口U1到U8)可以被分成两组，其中一组被连接至基站端口UA并且另一组连接至基站端口UB。
图3A-C示出分布式天线单元118的覆盖范围128的示例性布置。在优选实施方式中，覆盖范围128位于室内，在建筑物130中。例如，该布置可以是对单层建筑或对多层建筑中的单一楼层。每个覆盖范围128对应天线单元118并因此每个覆盖范围128还对应集线器116的天线端口。如图3A-C所示的覆盖范围最好是在建筑物130中平均分布的并且平等地适用于下行和上行信号发射(signaling)。因为有8个下行和上行天线端口，如图3A-C所示有8个覆盖范围128。这些覆盖范围128都是被绘为近似圆形并用相应天线端口的号码来标识。图3A示出了天线端口1到4的覆盖范围形成了第一组并且天线端口5到8的覆盖范围形成了第二组。
因此，回到MIMO 1x2的例子，图3A表明上行天线端口U1到U4是在第一组中且与基站端口UA相连，以及上行天线端口U5到U8是在第二组中且与基站端口UB相连。在图3A中，远程天线单元的组被布置以最大化邻接的覆盖范围并且最小化不同组天线单元118的覆盖范围之间的边界。可以看到邻接的覆盖范围被最大化，这是因为用于端口1、2、3和4的天线的范围形成了一个邻接范围，同时用于端口5、6、7和8的天线的范围形成了另一个邻接范围。还可以看到在图3A中的边界被最小化，这是因为在不同组的覆盖范围之间只有2块重叠的范围：在用于端口3和5的天线的范围之间以及在用于端口4和6的天线的范围之间。这样的配置有利于减少经由不同天线单元118与基站102通信的不同移动单元140之间的干扰。
图3B显示上行天线端口U1、U2、U5和U6是在第一组中并和基站端口UA相连，以及上行天线端口U3、U4、U7和U8是在第二组中并和基站端口UB相连。在这种配置中，天线单元118与不同组中的天线单元118相邻。在图3B中，远程天线单元的组被布置以最小化邻接的覆盖范围并最大化不同组天线单元118的覆盖范围之间的边界。可以看到，与图3A的布置相比较，邻接的覆盖范围被最小化，这是因为每个邻接范围只包括两个天线的范围。还可以看到，与图3A相比较，边界被最大化，因为在图3B中在不同组的覆盖范围之间有6块重叠的范围：在用于端口1和3的天线的范围之间；在用于端口2和4的天线的范围之间；在用于端口3和5的天线的范围之间；在用于端口4和6的天线的范围之间；在用于端口5和7的天线的范围之间；以及在用于端口6和8的天线的范围之间。这样的配置能最大化相邻覆盖范围之间的干扰，并因此有利于干扰的消除。
还有另一种布置，其将进一步最小化邻接的覆盖范围并最大化不同天线元件118覆盖范围之间的边界，该布置将以交替的棋盘格局来布置覆盖范围128(例如上行天线端口U1、U4、U5和U8为第一组并且上行天线端口U2、U3、U6和U7为第二组)
图3C显示一个实施方式，其中上行天线端口U1、U3、U5和U7是在第一组中且被连接至基站端口UA。此外，上行天线端口U2、U4、U6和U8在第二组中且被连接至基站端口UB上。这种配置实质上是图3A和3B的配置之间的折衷。
在一个实施方式中，用户可以从开关124的容许的配置中以及因此天线覆盖范围128的分组布置中进行选择。例如，用户可以在一段时间内尝试每一种分组布置，然后可以选择一个产生最好整体性能的分组布置用于连续工作。很显然图3A-C的预先确定的组是示例性的并且不同的组可以被形成。
对MIMO 1x4，1个下行基站端口(例如端口DA)和4个上行基站端口(例如端口UA到UD)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许配置中，基站端口DA可以被连接到所有下行天线端口(例如端口D1到D8)，同时上行天线端口(例如端口U1到U8)可以被分成4个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口UA到UD中的每一个。如之前所述，容许的分组可以通过最小化边界来最小化干扰，或者可以通过最大化边界来最大化干扰，或者可以表现为在两个极端情况之间的折衷。用户可以从多个容许的布置分组中作出选择。
对MIMO 2x1，2个下行基站端口(例如端口DA和DB)和1个上行基站端口(例如端口UA)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许的配置中，基站端口UA可以被连接到所有上行天线端口(例如端口U1到U8)，同时下行天线端口(例如端口D1到D8)可以被分成2个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口DA且另一个组可以连接到基站端口DB。在这种情况下，用户可以从容许的分组(其可以包括图3A-C的组)中为下行信号作出选择。
对MIMO 2x2，2个下行基站端口(例如端口DA和DB)和2个上行基站端口(例如端口UA和UB)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许的配置中，下行天线端口(例如D1到D8)可以被分成2个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口DA且另一个组连接到基站端口DB。此外，上行天线端口(例如U1到U8)可以被分成2个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口UA且另一个组连接到基站端口UB。在这种情况下，用户可以从容许的分组(其可以包括图3A-C的组)中为上行和下行信号作出选择。
对MIMO 2x4，2个下行基站端口(例如端口DA和DB)和4个上行基站端口(例如端口UA和UD)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许的配置中，下行天线端口(例如D1到D8)可以被分成2个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口DA且另一个组连接到基站端口DB。此外，上行天线端口(例如U1到U8)可以被分成4个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口UA到UD中的每一个。在这种情况下，用户可以从多个容许的分组中为上行和下行信号作出选择。
对MIMO 4x1，4个下行基站端口(例如端口DA和DD)和1个上行基站端口(例如端口UA)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许配置中，下行天线端口(例如D1到D8)可以被分成4个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口DA到DD中的每一个，同时基站端口UA可以被连接到所有上行天线端口(例如端口U1到U8)。和其他MIMO配置一样，容许的分组可以通过最小化边界来最小化干扰，或者通过最大化边界来最大化干扰，或者可以表现为在两个极端情况之间的折衷。用户可以从多个容许的布置分组中为下行信号作出选择。
对MIMO 4x2，4个下行基站端口(例如端口DA到DB)和2个上行基站端口(例如端口UA到UD)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许的配置中，下行天线端口(例如D1到D8)可以被分成4个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口DA到DD中的每一个。此外，上行天线端口(例如U1到U8)可以被分成2个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口UA并且另一个组连接到基站端口UB。在这种情况下，用户可以从多个容许的分组中为上行和下行信号作出选择。
对MIMO 4x4，4个下行基站端口(例如端口DA到DB)和4个上行基站端口(例如端口UA到UD)是激活的。这种情况下，开关124可以有多种容许的配置。在这些容许的配置中，下行天线端口(例如D1到D8)可以被分成4个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口DA到DD中的每一个。此外，上行天线端口(例如U1到U8)可以被分成4个组，其中一个组连接到基站端口UA到UD中的每一个。在这种情况下，用户可以从多个容许的分组中为上行和下行信号作出选择。
通过例如从交叉开关、多路复用器的适当配置，或者信号分离器和合并器的适当布置中选择的信号路由元件，可以实现可重新配置的开关124。在每一种情况下，开关124可以在集线器控制器126的控制下被远程地重新配置。图4显示了集线器116的示例性实施方式，其中可编程分离器132可以被提供用于下行，下行基站端口DA到DD的每一个都与分离器132的输入相连，并且分离器132的输出与下行天线端口D1到D8相连接。该分离器132可以被远程地控制以使下行信号从基站端口DA到DD中的任意一个被路由至天线端口D1到D8中的任意一个。对于上行而言，可编程合并器134可以被提供用于上行，合并器134的输入被连接至上行天线端口U1到U8，并且合并器134的输出被连接至上行基站端口UA到UD。合并器134还可以被远程地控制以使上行信号从任意天线端口被路由至任意基站端口。集线器116的操作包括对可重新配置的开关124的配置，这可以通过集线器控制器126进行控制。信号路由元件可以是无源的(无放大)或者有源的(有放大)。
在一个可选择的实施方式中，开关124使用手动配置(例如“硬接线”)，而不是被远程控制。图5示出集线器116，其中下行和上行信号通过分离器136、138和合并器140被路由。更特别地，分离器136是一至四分离器，它的输入被连接至基站下行端口DA。分离器136的4个输出分别与天线下行端口D1、D2、D3和D4相连。分离器138是一至四分离器，它的输入与基站下行端口DB相连。分离器138的4个输出端分别与天线下行端口D5、D6、D7和D8相连。合并器140是八至一合并器，它的输出被连接至基站上行端口UA。合并器140的8个输入分别与天线上行端口U1到U8相连。图5的配置是MIMO 2x1，其发射覆盖范围如图3A的布置。很明显图5的特定配置是示例性的并且集线器116可以用不同的信号路由配置来手动配置。例如，集线器116可以包含位于配线柜中的电缆、一个或多个分离器以及一个或多个的合并器；集线器116的这些元件可以根据需要手动配置或重新配置。
在上面描述的实施方式中，每个天线单元118都包含一个发射天线和一个接收天线(虽然这些双工功能通过单天线被完成)。在一个可选择的实施方式中，一个天线单元可以被提供有两个或多个发射天线和/或接收天线。图6示出根据本发明的可选择的实施方式的分布式天线通信系统。图6的系统与图2的不同之处在于多个天线单元142的每一个都包含了两个发射天线和两个接收天线。如前所述，每个天线可以完成双工的发射和接收功能。但是在图6的系统中，特定天线单元142的天线是同地协作的，这样他们的覆盖范围实质上是重叠的。同一个天线单元142的两个天线可以被连接到不同的基站下行端口和/或基站上行端口。例如，来自基站端口DA的下行信号可以被路由至特定天线单元142的第一天线，同时来自基站端口DB的下行信号可以被路由至相同天线单元的第二天线。相类似地，来自特定天线单元142的第一天线的上行信号可以被路由至基站上行端口UA，同时来自同一天线单元142的第二天线的上行信号可以被路由至基站上行端口UB。
图6的天线单元142是分布式的(例如遍及建筑物的被占用区域)。图7A-B示出根据本发明实施方式的用于分布式天线单元的覆盖范围144的示例性布置。特别地，7A-B显示下行和上行天线端口D1、U1、D2和U2的覆盖范围144是同地协作的(例如在范围“1”)，以及下行和上行天线端口D3、U3、D4和U4的覆盖范围144是同地协作的(例如在范围“2”)。此外，7A-B显示下行和上行天线端口D5、U5、D6和U6的覆盖范围144是同地协作的(例如在范围“3”)，以及下行和上行天线端口D7、U7、D8和U8的覆盖范围144是同地协作的(例如在范围“4”)。
在图7A的实施方式中，天线端口U1和U7(分别相应于范围“1”和“4”)可以与基站上行端口UA相连接，同时天线端口U2和U8(分别相应于范围“1”和“4”)可以与基站上行端口UB相连接。此外在图7A中，天线端口U3和U5(分别相应于范围“2”和“3”)可以与基站上行端口UC相连接，同时天线端口U4和U6(分别相应于范围“2”和“3”)可以与基站上行端口UD相连接。下行天线端口可以以类似的方式被连接至基站下行端口。在图7A中，覆盖范围被布置以最小化邻接的覆盖范围并且最大化在不同天线单元142的覆盖范围之间的边界。
在图7B的实施方式中，天线端口U1和U3(分别相应于范围“1”和“2”)可以与基站上行端口UA相连接，同时天线端口U2和U4(分别相应于范围“1”和“2”)可以与基站上行端口UB相连接。此外在图7B中，天线端口U5和U7(分别相应于范围“3”和“4”)可以与基站上行端口UA相连接，同时天线端口U6和U8(也分别相应于范围“3”和“4”)可以与基站上行端口UB相连接。下行天线端口可以以类似的方式被连接至基站下行端口。在图7B中，覆盖范围被布置以最大化邻接的覆盖范围并且最小化在不同天线单元142的覆盖范围之间的边界。
因此，在图7A-B中，天线是成对地同地协作的，同时这些天线对是分布式的。为了最小化干扰，这些天线对可以是分布式的以最小化在不同天线单元142的覆盖范围之间的边界。可选择地，为了最大化干扰的消除，这些天线对可以是分布式的以最大化在不同天线单元142的覆盖范围之间的边界。
本发明的以上详细描述被提供用于举例说明，它的目的不是详尽无遗的或把本发明限制在被公开的实施方式中。因此，本发明的范围被随附的权利要求来界定的。

Claims (29)

1.一种分布式天线系统，其包括：
基站收发台，其具有多个输出端口，所述多个输出端口生成多个下行信号，所述多个下行信号具有重叠的发射频率并包含不同的通信内容，所述不同的通信内容指向多个移动单元中的每一个移动单元，并且所述基站收发台具有至少一个接收上行信号的上行接收端口，所述上行信号包括从至少一个所述移动单元接收到的通信内容；
多个分布式天线单元，其具有不重叠的或仅部分重叠的覆盖范围；以及
信号路由装置，其用于将所述下行信号路由到所述多个分布式天线，使得所述多个下行信号中的每一个下行信号都被通过所述分布式天线中的一个或多个分布式天线发射，并且每个分布式天线仅发射所述下行信号中之一。
2.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述上行信号包括来自所述多个移动单元中的每一个移动单元的通信内容。
3.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述基站收发器包括多个接收端口，所述多个接收端口从所述多个移动单元中的每一个移动单元接收多个上行信号，所述多个上行信号具有重叠的频率且包含不同的通信内容。
4.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述信号路由装置包括用于选择性地将所述下行信号路由到所述分布式天线的可重新配置的开关。
5.如权利要求4所述的分布式天线系统，其还包括用于重新配置所述可重新配置的开关的装置，其中用于重新配置的所述装置自动地感测到所述基站收发台的连接。
6.如权利要求4所述的分布式天线系统，其还包括用于重新配置所述可重新配置的开关的装置，其中用于重新配置的所述装置接受用户输入以在所述可重新配置的开关的容许的配置中进行选择。
7.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述信号路由装置包括用于将所述下行发射信号路由到所述分布式天线的一个或多个硬接线信号分离器。
8.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中下行信号和上行信号在所述天线中的每一个天线处是时分双工的。
9.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中下行信号和上行信号在所述天线中的每一个天线处是频分双工的。
10.如权利要求1所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，其中所述分布式天线是位于室内的。
11.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多个下行信号中的每一个下行信号是通过一组所述分布式天线发射的，并且所述信号路由装置被配置为最小化所述天线的组的覆盖范围之间的边界。
12.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多个下行信号中的每一个下行信号是通过一组所述分布式天线发射的，并且所述信号路由装置被配置为最大化所述天线的组的覆盖范围之间的边界。
13.如权利要求3所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述信号路由装置将来自所述多个分布式天线的所述上行信号路由至所述基站收发台的所述多个接收端口，使得所述多个上行信号中的每一个上行信号被从一组所述分布式天线接收。
14.如权利要求13所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述信号路由装置被配置为最大化所述天线的组的覆盖范围之间的边界。
15.如权利要求13所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述信号路由装置被配置为最小化所述天线的组的覆盖范围之间的边界。
16.如权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，还包括至少一个同地协作的天线，所述同地协作的天线与所述分布天线中之一是同地协作的，并且所述同地协作的天线发射一个不同于由与所述同地协作的天线进行同地协作的所述分布式天线所发射的下行信号。
17.一种分布式天线系统包括：
基站收发台，其具有至少一个输出端口，所述输出端口生成下行信号，所述下行信号包括被指向至少一个移动单元的通信内容，并且所述基站收发台具有多个接收端口，所述多个接收端口接收多个上行信号，所述多个上行信号具有重叠的频率并包含从所述多个移动单元中的每一个移动单元接收到的不同的通信内容；
多个分布式天线单元，其具有不重叠的或仅部分重叠的覆盖范围；以及
信号路由装置，其用于将所述上行信号从所述多个分布式天线路由到所述基站收发台的所述多个接收端口，使得所述多个上行信号中的每一个上行信号被从两个或多个所述分布式天线接收。
18.如权利要求17所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述信号路由装置包括可重新配置的开关，所述可重新配置的开关用于选择性地将所述上行信号从所述多个分布式天线路由到所述基站收发台的所述多个接收端口。
19.如权利要求17所述的分布式天线系统，其还包括用于重新配置所述可重新配置的开关的装置，其中用于重新配置的所述装置自动地感测到所述基站收发台的连接。
20.一种分布式天线系统，包括：
多个分布式天线；以及
多口集线器，其包括：
第一接口，其用于连接到电信系统的基站，所述第一接口包括用于从所述基站收发台接收通信的多个下行端口和用于向基站收发台发射通信的多个上行端口；
第二接口，其具有用于发送通信给所述多个天线中的每一个天线的下行端口，并且所述第一接口具有用于从所述多个天线中的每一个天线接收通信的上行端口；以及
用于在多个预先定义的配置中重新配置所述集线器的装置，每个配置将所述第一接口的一个或多个下行端口路由至所述第二接口的选择的一组所述下行端口，并且将所述第二接口的选择的一组所述上行端口路由至所述第一接口的一个或多个所述上行端口。
21.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，其中用于重新配置的所述装置包括交叉开关。
22.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，其中用于重新配置的所述装置包括合并器和分离器。
23.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，其中用于重新配置的所述装置自动地感测到所述基站收发台的连接。
24.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，所述第二接口的下行端口的数量多于所述第一接口的下行端口的数量。
25.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，所述第二接口的上行端口的数量多于所述第一接口的上行端口的数量。
26.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，所述第一接口有四个上行端口和四个下行端口。
27.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，所述第二接口有八个上行端口和八个下行端口。
28.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，还包括所述基站，并且所述基站被配置为使上行信号和下行信号同时进行。
29.如权利要求20所述的可重新配置的分布式天线系统，其中所述分布式天线位于室内。
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