CN101861583A - 用于多媒体文件的分级及简化索引结构 - Google Patents

用于多媒体文件的分级及简化索引结构 Download PDF

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CN101861583A
CN101861583A CN200880116431A CN200880116431A CN101861583A CN 101861583 A CN101861583 A CN 101861583A CN 200880116431 A CN200880116431 A CN 200880116431A CN 200880116431 A CN200880116431 A CN 200880116431A CN 101861583 A CN101861583 A CN 101861583A
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CN101861583B (zh
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库罗什·索鲁希安
罗兰·奥斯本
贾森·布拉涅斯
沙伊瓦尔·普里亚达尔希
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Devi CF Holding Co.,Ltd.
Devi Vision Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/40—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of multimedia data, e.g. slideshows comprising image and additional audio data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/22—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G06F16/2228—Indexing structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/40—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of multimedia data, e.g. slideshows comprising image and additional audio data
    • G06F16/41—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/70—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of video data
    • G06F16/71—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/70—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of video data
    • G06F16/74—Browsing; Visualisation therefor
    • G06F16/745—Browsing; Visualisation therefor the internal structure of a single video sequence

Abstract

提供了用于多媒体文件的播放和分配系统及其方法。所述多媒体文件利用索引解码，所述索引与多媒体文件的内容数据相关联。通过使用所述索引，加强了内容的播放，但是没有显著增加多媒体文件的文件大小。

Description

用于多媒体文件的分级及简化索引结构
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及多媒体文件，更特别地，本发明涉及多媒体文件中信息的索引。
背景技术
最近几年，多媒体文件的播放已经成为普通消费者日常生活的一部分。移动电话、DVD播放机、个人电脑以及便携式媒体播放机都是能够播放各种多媒体文件的装置的例子。虽然每个装置可以被制作成特定的多媒体格式，但是这些装置的广泛传播促进了在不同装置种类和类别之间的一定程度的互通性。同样，存在某些特征，诸如快进、倒退、开始、停止、播放以及暂停，期望这些特征在所有装置类别中类似地作用，而不管它们的性能和使用情况场合。
媒体播放装置的其中一个最常见的特征是支持对多媒体文件的随机读取、快进和倒放，有时也称作“技巧播放”。进行技巧播放在功能上通常需要沿正向和反向高速地显示图像展示，并且从接近观察者终止图像技巧播放行为的位置起恢复整个表示。在技巧播放操作期间展示的声音、字幕和其它元素通常不被使用，即使它可能属于设备的操作偏好。为了适应技巧播放功能性，多媒体文件通常包含索引部，所述索引部用来确定所有帧(特别是可以被独立解码并呈现给观察者的图像帧)的位置。当所有索引信息被储存在文件中的单个位置中并且线性地参照文件中的多媒体信息时，播放器必须寻找特定的索引入口以便能够播放文件。例如，在能够确定需要开始播放的数据点集合之前，被指示在展示的半途点处播放多媒体展示的播放器通常处理索引数据的第一半。
索引部还具有许多其它潜在的应用。它可以是呈现不好多路特性的多媒体文件的基本播放中的必要元素；索引部还可以被用来略过文件中的非必要信息；而且，经常需要索引用来在终止技巧播放功能之后恢复播放。
发明内容
本发明的实施例利用索引，所述索引能够提高播放器执行各种功能(包括技巧播放功能)的效率。在数个实施例中，索引是分级索引。在许多实施例中，索引是简化索引，并且在大量实施例中，索引使用位域标记以及相关的数据域来表示。
在一个实施例中，提供了一种通过播放装置播放储存在媒体文件中的内容的方法。所述方法包括：向播放装置提供媒体文件，所述媒体文件具有内容数据、提示数据和分级索引，所述内容数据具有多个媒体帧，所述提示数据与多个帧中的每一个帧相关联，所述分级索引与提示数据的子集相关联；通过播放装置解码内容数据；将来自被解码的内容数据的内容显示在显示屏幕上；接收用户请求；基于用户请求查找索引；以及基于查找到的索引从提示数据的子集中解码一个或多个媒体帧。
在另一个实施例中，一种对媒体文件进行解码以便通过播放装置播放的方法，所述方法包括：将寻找位置与内容数据结合起来，所述内容数据包括音频、视频以及字幕轨道，所述寻找位置为所述音频、视频和字幕轨道中的特定帧标识出特定的时间戳；结合涉及所述被结合的寻找位置的索引；以及创建媒体文件，所述媒体文件包括所述内容数据、所述被结合的寻找位置以及所述被结合的索引。
在又一个实施例中，一种用于播放媒体文件的系统包括：媒体服务器，构造成传输具有至少一个索引的媒体文件，所述索引具有指针，所述指针参照媒体文件内的媒体内容的至少一个帧；客户处理器，其与所述媒体服务器进行网络通讯并且构造成将对媒体文件的请求发送至媒体服务器，所述媒体服务器构造成传输所请求的媒体文件，所述客户处理器包括播放引擎，所述播放引擎构造成从所述至少一个索引查找指针以便基于查找到的指针对媒体文件的各个部分进行查找和解码，从而符合用户播放指令。
在一个实施例中，一种解码包括索引的多媒体文件的方法包括：在多媒体文件中查找索引，所述索引具有多个索引数据点，所述多媒体文件具有多个帧和多个提示数据点，所述提示数据点具有时间戳以及所述多个帧的特定帧的位置；将查找到的索引装载到存储器中；基于时间戳从所述多个索引数据点中查找索引数据点；基于查找到的索引数据点从所述多个提示数据点中查找提示数据点。
结合附图并且参照以下描述，本发明的上述和其它特征以及获得和应用这些特征的方式将变得显而易见并且能被最好地理解。附图仅仅描绘了本发明的典型实施例并且因此不会限制其保护范围。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的多媒体文件中的索引结构的示意图。
图2A是位于根据本发明实施例的多媒体文件的音频/视频数据之后的索引结构的示意图。
图2B是索引结构的图表，其插入在根据本发明另一实施例的多媒体文件的音频/视频数据中。
图2C是根据本发明的一个实施例的索引结构相对于多媒体文件的其它部分的图表。
图2D是根据本发明的一个实施例的索引结构相对于多媒体文件的提示数据的图表。
图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的索引结构图表，其中详细示出了字节标记和多媒体文件中的相关数据。
图4是根据本发明的一个实施例的索引结构的图表，所述索引结构提供时间编码和在多媒体文件中的偏移数据域。
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的索引结构的图表，所述索引结构具有时间编码以及相对于多媒体文件中的大小数据域的多个偏移数据域。
图6是根据本发明的一个实施例的索引结构的图表，所述索引结构具有多媒体文件中的时间编码和主偏移数据域。
图7是根据本发明的一个实施例的用于成流和固定媒体文件播放的播放系统的半示意性网络示意图。
图8是根据本发明的一个实施例的应用多媒体文件中索引结构的过程的流程图。
图9-11是根据本发明一个实施例的多媒体文件中的索引结构的增加细节的示意图，其进一步显示了图8的过程。
具体实施方式
现在转向附图，描述了根据本发明实施例的包括索引的多媒体文件。在大量实施例中，所述索引是分级索引。分级索引是索引信息的表示，其形式为向多媒体文件中的少数预定位置提供粗索引，随后是对部分多媒体文件进一步精炼表示。在许多实施例中，索引的最低程度是充分地细化以便识别多媒体文件中的每个帧。当使用分级索引时，播放器仅仅需要少量的相关索引信息以便开始播放多媒体文件。这样，分级索引降低了播放装置所需要的内存占用量(memory footprint)以便有效地寻找并执行多媒体文件上的技巧播放操作。另外，用于播放的文件装载时间减少了并且技巧追踪装载性能增强了。在一个实施例中，分级索引具有包括到多媒体文件中的提示点(cuepoint)内的偏移的索引信息，其中具有允许快速并有效查看的时间戳。
在数个实施例中，多媒体文件包括简化索引。根据本发明实施例的播放器可以应用简化索引以便在执行技巧播放功能时快速地在入口或主帧之间移动。所述简化索引可以与分级索引结合。然而，简化索引可以包括在不包括分级索引的多媒体文件中。简化索引仅仅提供多媒体文件内入口或主帧的位置，以及时间戳的值以便表明在多媒体展示中它们的对应时间。在多个实施例中，位域(bit field)标记和相关的数据域用来表示索引信息。可以根据本发明的实施例使用这种表示，从而表达索引信息、分级索引和/或简化索引。
分级索引
图1显示了根据本发明实施例的包含分级索引的多媒体文件。所述多媒体文件10包括标题信息12、插在声音/图像数据16之间的索引信息14以及三层分级索引。分级索引的最粗层18包括索引信息的少量参照。中间层20和最精层22均包括索引信息的连续的、更大数量的参照。
在许多实施例中，插入在声音/图像数据16中的索引信息14列出了封装的音频、视频、字幕和/或其它类似数据的位置。通常，每块插入的索引信息列出了紧接着所插入索引信息块的封装媒体。在数个实施例中，索引信息14包含描述每个封装媒体片段的绝对或相对的开始位置的信息。在许多实施例中，除了表示是否可以将被索引封套媒体片段用作入口或主帧的信息之外，所插入的索引信息14包含每件被索引封套媒体片段的大小以及它的展示时间值和其它对于解码装置有帮助的信息。
分级索引中的每层包括多媒体文件10中所插入的索引信息14的参照。可以包括或排除分级结构的实施，这意味着每层中的数据可以在其它层中重复，或者每层可以包含唯一的位置信息。而且，每个分级层的元素数量以及所述层的总数量可以被预先确定、基于预先确定值受到限制或者不受限制。
虽然图1显示了分级索引的特定实施，但是可以用许多不同的方法实施分级索引。例如，索引值可以存储在文件的单个部分中，或者在文件的群中分布。图2A-B显示了根据本发明实施例的包含索引信息的不同分布的多媒体文件。例如，索引信息可以作为整个单元21被附加或预加到多媒体文件10的音频/视频数据部分16中。图2B中所显示的索引群22也可以被织入到音频/视频数据部分。除了以不同方式分布索引信息之外，分级本身可以作为一个指向文件中的实际帧的结构而实施(与索引信息块相反)，其可以从入口或主帧位置开始，也可以不从入口或主帧位置开始。
图2C进一步详细描述了在更大的分级文件结构MKV文件200内的分级索引21。该文件结构由两个主要部分组成，即EBML24和段26。在这个文件结构中，所述段可以安置查找头(Seek Head)201、段信息(Segment Info)202、轨道(Tracks)203、章节(Chapter)204、群(Cluster)205、提示(Cue)29以及分级索引(Hierarchical Index)21。如图所示，可以在多媒体文件中包括多个分级索引21。另外，每个分级索引可以包括多个分级索引点23。各种实施例中的这些索引点具有时间戳25和轨道位置27，指定特定的媒体轨道27a和位置或者从时间戳25的偏移27b。还显示了提示29，正如下面更详细解释的，这些提示29被索引点23使用以便增加对多媒体文件内特定点的存取。这种动态结构例如被显示在图2D中，其中多个分级索引点23参考或指向多个提示点28。在各种实施例中，分级索引包括对一部分的参照，例如相对于媒体文件中提示点总数量1/10的提示点。本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，可以增加参考以便增大指针的粒度(granularity)或者对提示点的参照。
正如要求播放器执行的功能所需要的，根据本发明实施例的试图对包括分级索引的多媒体文件进行解码的播放器通常使用分级索引。当需要技巧播放功能时，播放器可以在与特定速度相对应的分级中找到一个的索引并且对由该索引表示的每个帧进行解码。使用索引查找特定帧的方式取决于索引的性质。在分级中每个索引直接指向视频帧的实施例中，所述过程是简单的。在索引指向多媒体文件中的附加索引信息的实施例中，存取所述附加索引信息并将其用于查找所希望的帧。
简化索引
根据本发明实施例的许多多媒体文件使用简化索引信息。可以结合分级索引或在不包括分级索引的多媒体文件中使用所述简化索引。简化索引不包括与多媒体文件中每件多媒体信息有关的信息。简化索引通常被限制为与入口或主帧的位置以及入口或主帧的时间戳有关的信息。存取的帧一般是可以被独立解码的视频帧，不过，可以使用简化索引来指向任何其它类型的主帧以用于存储在多媒体文件中的其它流。当执行技巧播放功能时，所述简化索引能够使播放器快速地在主帧之间跳动。
在多个实施例中，仅仅为单个或主要数据类型提供简化索引，并且为包含在文件中的可能与主数据类型相关的每个其它数据流提供偏移。播放器可以使用所述偏移以便促进不同媒体的同步播放。在数个实施例中，每件索引信息还包括入口或主帧的大小以及入口或主帧的数据类型。对包含根据本发明实施例的简化索引的多媒体文件进行解码的播放器可以使用简化索引以便按照与播放器使用分级索引的方式类似的方式执行技巧播放功能。所述播放器可以顺序通过检查入口或主帧的时间戳的简化索引以便确认显示哪个帧以获得期望速度。
使用位域来表达索引信息
根据本发明多个实施例的多媒体文件使用位域标记以及相关的数据域来表达索引信息。在许多实施例中，使用位域标记以用信号表示存在包含索引信息的一组相应可变长度的数据域。图3显示了可以用来表示与根据本发明实施例的一件多媒体信息相关的索引信息的位域标记31和数据域32。在图示实施例中，一组位域标记用信号表示跟随标记的附加数据的存在。所述位域标记整体被规定为8位，但是这对于其它实施例不是必需的。标记的第一位可以表示绝对/固定的大小域31a，其确定帧的大小是否从存储在文件独立部分中的预先确定的大小集合中读出，或者是否它们可以作为一系列追随标记域的字节获得。使用两个附加的位，即根据绝对/固定大小位或域31a的设置，固定大小索引/字节数量域31b来确定大小值的索引位置或者用来表示所述值的字节的总数量，这取决于大小。接下来的位，即主偏移域31c确定偏移值的大小，这可能是帧的位置。在两个预先确定的字节数，例如在4字节数值或8字节数值中，选择这个位。同样，标记可以表示另一预先确定的偏移(例如可以是4字节并且表示与主偏移值的相对偏移的次偏移33)的存在。还可以存在具有表示时间编码字节顺序的位31e，以及另一个位，即可以被用来确定入口或主帧的存在的主帧标记位31f。在许多实施例中，使用与图3所示类似的位域标记和数据域来对多媒体文件中所有帧的位置进行索引。
通过图3所示结构表示的标记的数量可以应用“标记扩展”位31g而无限扩大，“标记扩大”位31g用信号表示跟随标记的存在。这里，一个位31h可以被称为“相关偏移”，然后相关偏移可以用信号表示字节值的存在，所述字节值被用来确定对应于当前帧的流的数量。针对所述流中的其它帧，这些相对偏移可以使用相同的标记和随后的索引信息以便用于同步目的。当正确地播放时，由相对偏移识别的帧可以提供对音频、视频、字幕以及其它相关数据的同步显示。所述流数量的值32经常与存储在文件中的实际流数量相对应。
图4显示了使用两个相对偏移值41a、41b表示的索引信息。在许多实施例中，为整个帧组表示出每个帧的数据类型，或者可替代地，对每个帧的数据类型一帧一帧地表示，在这种情况下，“数据类型”域35被添加至索引结构。可以通过一组预先确定的规则来设置时间编码值37，以表示整个显示中帧的精确时间。例如，时间编码值可以对于所有视频存取帧被需要；或者，对于音频样本，时间编码的存在可以周期性地为强制的。唯一重要的是要注意，时间编码值选择地存在并且由相应的位标记表示。
通过一组预先确定的规则，与上述描述类似的结构可以用于表示根据本发明实施例的分级索引。例如，所述“主偏移”值50可以指向特定的索引位置，以及时间编码值52表示索引的精确时间戳。附加的位域39，即“子索引”，可以指向与由“主偏移”表示的位置的相对偏移。所述“子索引”位置54是从更大索引群开始的精炼。图5显示了根据本发明实施例的用于构造分级索引的各种值的使用。
还可以使用位域标记和相关数据域来表示简化索引结构，所述简化索引结构指向文件中特定流的一系列入口或主帧。根据本发明实施例的简化索引显示在图6中。在图示实施例中，“标记”域602之后是大小字节604、“主偏移”值606以及时间编码608的相应集合。入口帧通常与文件中的视频帧有关，不过这个域可以针对文件中的所有流类型进行限定。图6所示的结构600储存所有入口或主帧的位置，并且可以包含对于文件中封装轨道的所有相关偏移的位置。
要注意的是，灵活的位域标记的使用能够实现分级、简化和传统索引方案中存在的多数据结构。用作表示可变长度数据的标记的位域的使用可以帮助优化整体索引的大小，因为通常不是所有部分都被所有帧需要。
现在参照图7，显示了根据本发明实施例的渐进播放系统。所述播放系统190包括与网络194相连的媒体服务器192。媒体文件被储存在媒体服务器194上并且可以由配置有客户应用程序的装置存取。在图示实施例中，存取媒体服务器上媒体文件的装置包括个人电脑196、与诸如电视机200等播放装置相连的消费者电子装置(诸如机顶盒18)、以及诸如个人数字助理202或移动电话等便携式装置。所述装置和媒体服务器192可以借助网关206在与因特网204相连的网络194上通讯。在其它实施例中，媒体服务器192和装置在因特网上通讯。
所述装置被配置有客户应用，所述客户应用可以从媒体服务器192请求媒体文件的各个部分以便用于播放。客户应用可以实现为软件、硬件或它们的结合。在许多实施例中，装置播放来自下载的媒体文件的媒体。在数个实施例中，所述装置提供允许另一装置播放媒体的一个或多个输出。当媒体文件包括索引时，配置有根据本发明实施例的客户应用的装置可以使用所述索引来确定媒体不同部分的位置。因此，可以使用所述索引来为用户提供“技巧播放”功能。当用户提供“技巧播放指令”时，所述装置使用索引来确定所需要的媒体文件部分以便实施“技巧播放”功能，并且所述装置从服务器请求那些部分。在许多实施例中，客户使用允许下载媒体文件中特定字节范围的传输协议来请求媒体文件的各个部分。一种这样的协议是由因特网协会或BitTorrent发表的HTTP 1.1协议，BitTorrent可以从www.bittorrent.org了解。在其它实施例中，可以使用其它协议和/或机制来从媒体服务器获得媒体文件的特定部分。
参照图8-11，显示了应用索引结构的方法的一个实施例。基于来自播放装置或具体地来自播放装置的播放引擎的媒体文件请求，从例如媒体服务器接收媒体文件，例如MFile 120【111】。在找到所请求的媒体文件时，媒体服务器将某一时刻的媒体文件的所有部分或一部分传输给播放装置。在一个实施例中，播放装置对所传输的媒体文件进行解码以查找分级索引【112】。在一个这样的实施例中，参照图9，从EBML(可扩展二进制Meta语言)元素128开始，到段元素129然后再到寻找标题121的内容，播放装置对文件进行仔细研究和解析，以便查找分级索引127。这样，段信息122、轨道123、章节124、群125和提示126，虽然也可以被解析，但是它们也能被绕过以便快速地找到分级索引。找到的索引然后被装载到内存中【113】。将索引装载到内存中的处理有利于对其进行存取，从而找到要被播放装置显示或存取的所希望的数据包或帧。
对于许多低内存播放装置(例如，低层次的消费电子装置)而言，分级索引足够的小，从而将全部索引保持在内存中并且因此避免了复杂的缓存方案。在索引太大而不能存储在内存中或者一般更可行的情况下，不会发生寻找精度上的损失。由于索引对于每个轨道而言是提示点或限定寻找点的查询表或机制而不是实际寻找点，所以当为希望的寻找点搜索提示时，部分索引的漏失可能会导致一些附加的读取。播放装置存取被传输媒体文件的位流数据包或帧，以便播放媒体文件的音频、视频和/或字幕【114】。
当用户请求时，例如请求技巧播放时，播放装置检索被装载或被缓冲的分级索引以便找到与期望时间或寻找点相同或最接近的并在其之前的入口或分级点【115】。在一个实施例中，基于正在播放内容的显示时间或时间戳以及用户请求，例如技巧播放功能的速度和/或方向，查找特定的分级点。在图10和图11所示的情况下，在位流中期望的时间戳是610秒。
图10显示了一共6个分级检索点130，从索引时间零(分级索引时间131)至索引时间600(分级索引时间132)，其中该图中有5个分级点没有被显示。在找到离期望寻找时间(在此情况下是索引时间600)最近的分级点之后，从轨道位置133获取索引位置或偏移134以便找到包含期望寻找点的提示部分【116】。所述播放装置寻找所找到的提示部分【117】，并且所述提示被读取直至找到与期望时间或寻找点相同或最接近并且在其之前的入口的位置【118】。
利用找到的提示，播放装置获取偏移值以便寻找并发现期望的群【119】。具有与期望时间戳(例如610)相应时间戳的期望群里的块被找到并且被解码以便由播放装置进行显示。在用户请求停止播放媒体文件之前一直继续所述过程。
在图11中进一步阐明这个概念。如之前参照图10所描述的，从分级索引结构127识别600的分级索引时间。在这个特定例子中，使用提示结构151中的索引位置来存取与时间610(提示时间153)相应的特定提示点152。在轨道位置154和群位置155中通过数据的提示点152通常指向群结构160，所述群结构160可以安置相当于数秒钟的多媒体数据。
群160中的多媒体数据可以作为块组163被储存，在块组163中存在与基本的音频、视频、字幕或其它多媒体信息的一个或多个存取单元相对应的单个数据块。这样，群包含块组，但是也可以只包含简单的块。在没有块组时，群可以安置单个块或者简单块。使用来自提示点152的相应的群位置155来查找群160，并且期望的块161可以基于它的时间戳(块时间162)被识别。在精确的时间戳不匹配的情况下，能够识别出具有最接近时间戳的块。
对于多媒体文件的多个轨道，可以重复用于根据特定时间查找块的过程，从而以同步的方式呈现相应块中的所有数据。
虽然以上描述包含本发明的特定实施例，但是它们不应当被解释为对本发明范围的限制，相反它们是本发明一个实施例的例子。因此，本发明的范围不应当由所显示的实施例确定，而应当由所附的权利要求书及其等效技术方案确定。

Claims (23)

1.一种通过播放装置播放储存在媒体文件中的内容的方法，所述方法包括：
向播放装置提供媒体文件，所述媒体文件具有内容数据、提示数据和分级索引，所述内容数据具有多个媒体帧，所述提示数据与多个媒体帧中的每一个帧相关联，所述分级索引与所述提示数据的子集相关联；
通过播放装置解码所述内容数据；
将来自被解码的内容数据的内容显示在显示屏幕上；
接收用户请求；
基于所述用户请求查找所述索引；以及
基于查找到的索引从提示数据的子集中解码一个或多个媒体帧。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述索引具有直接指向所述多个媒体帧的特定媒体帧的参照值。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述分级索引包括向着所述媒体文件内的所述提示数据的指针，并且进一步包括通过所述指针存取所述提示数据以便查找将要解码的帧。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述分级索引通过第二分级索引与所述多个媒体帧的子集相关联，并且进一步包括基于有关所述用户请求的分级索引查找所述第二分级索引的子集。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其中，基于所查找到的第二分级索引的子集，对来自所述多个媒体帧的子集的一个或多个媒体帧进行解码。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述媒体文件具有与所述分级索引相关联的上部分级索引，并且所述分级索引与来自多个媒体帧的子集的一个或多个媒体帧相关联，其中所述上部分级索引比所述分级索引与一个或多个媒体帧关联的数量更多。
7.一种对媒体文件进行解码以便通过播放装置播放的方法，所述方法包括：
将寻找位置与内容数据结合起来，所述内容数据包括音频、视频以及字幕轨道，所述寻找位置为所述音频、视频和字幕轨道中的特定帧标识出特定的时间戳；
结合涉及所述被结合的寻找位置的索引；以及
创建媒体文件，所述媒体文件包括所述内容数据、所述被结合的寻找位置以及所述被结合的索引。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中结合所述索引的步骤进一步包括：在音频和视频轨道之间插入索引。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述索引仅仅指向音频、视频或字幕轨道中的主帧。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述索引包含到主帧的位置和时间戳。
11.一种用于播放媒体文件的系统，包括：
媒体服务器，构造成传输具有至少一个索引的媒体文件，所述索引具有指针，所述指针参照媒体文件内的媒体内容的至少一个帧；以及
客户处理器，其与所述媒体服务器进行网络通讯并且构造成将对媒体文件的请求发送至媒体服务器，所述媒体服务器构造成传输所请求的媒体文件，所述客户处理器包括播放引擎，所述播放引擎构造成从所述至少一个索引查找指针以便基于查找到的指针对媒体文件的各个部分进行查找和解码，从而符合用户播放指令。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述至少一个索引仅包含指向主帧的指针。
13.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述至少一个索引包含指向另一个索引的指针，所述另一个索引包含参照所述媒体文件内的媒体内容的至少一个帧的指针。
14.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述至少一个索引包括多个指针，每个指针参照媒体内容的帧并且所述多个指针整体参照媒体文件的每个帧。
15.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述至少一个索引包括具有参照媒体内容帧的指针的粗索引，以及具有参照媒体内容帧的指针的精索引，所述精索引比所述粗索引具有更多的指针。
16.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中所述至少一个索引包括简化索引，所述简化索引具有指针，所述指针只存取所述媒体内容的帧。
17.一种解码包括索引的多媒体文件的方法，所述方法包括：
在多媒体文件中查找索引，所述索引具有多个索引数据点，所述多媒体文件具有多个帧和多个提示数据点，所述提示数据点具有时间戳以及所述多个帧的特定帧的位置；
将查找到的索引装载到存储器中；
基于时间戳从所述多个索引数据点中查找索引数据点；以及
基于查找到的索引数据点从所述多个提示数据点中查找提示数据点。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括在显示屏幕上显示视频帧，所显示的视频帧对应于查找到的提示数据点中所参照的帧。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括相对于所显示的帧以同步方式通过扬声器系统播放音频，所播放的音频基于对应于所显示帧的音频数据的开始的音频信息。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括相对于所显示的帧以同步方式显示字幕，所显示的字幕基于对应于所显示帧的字幕数据的字幕信息。
21.如权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括相对于所显示帧显示元数据信息，所显示的元数据信息基于对应于所显示帧的元数据的元数据信息。
22.如权利要求17所述的方法，进一步包括查找所查找到的提示数据点参照的群。
23.如权利要求19所述的方法，进一步包括查找所查找到的群中由所查找到的提示数据点参照的块。
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US20190096440A1 (en) 2019-03-28
US10902883B2 (en) 2021-01-26
KR20100106327A (ko) 2010-10-01
CN101861583B (zh) 2014-06-04
US20170004862A1 (en) 2017-01-05
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