CN101907547A - Two-shaft compression test equipment - Google Patents
Two-shaft compression test equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN101907547A CN101907547A CN 201010225671 CN201010225671A CN101907547A CN 101907547 A CN101907547 A CN 101907547A CN 201010225671 CN201010225671 CN 201010225671 CN 201010225671 A CN201010225671 A CN 201010225671A CN 101907547 A CN101907547 A CN 101907547A
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Abstract
The invention discloses two-shaft compression test equipment which comprises an axial load loading device, a square frame, a sample container, a first horizontal load loading device and a second horizontal load loading device, wherein the axial load loading device comprises fixedly arranged upper and lower reaction racks and an axial loading platform; the axial loading platform is arranged below the upper reaction rack and can be lifted; the square frame is arranged on the axial loading platform; the sample container is used for bearing a material sample and comprises a container bottom plate arranged on the square frame, left and right press plates with two ends capable of respectively horizontally moving and a loading cover plate arranged at the top and capable of moving along the vertical direction. The two-shaft compression test equipment is applicable for the two-dimensional ideal granular materials and can respectively apply positive stress in two orthogonal directions to realize different loading routes without considering the rotation of the stress main shaft.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the material analysis field, be specially adapted to the mechanical property testing test of complicated loading environment soil body material and desirable bulk material in the research of soil mechanics and mechanics of granular medium.
Background technology
In the engineering reality, relate to its security, depend primarily on distortion, intensity and the stability of construction material and structure.The soil body is as the most widely used material, ground or environment in the engineering construction, and is inseparable with the security of engineering construction.The soil body material single test is to estimate the most basic means of soil body material deformation-strength characteristic and mechanical relationship.The normal triaxial instrument is a soil body material single test equipment the most commonly used both at home and abroad at present.This equipment can only carry out that three axial compressions are contracted and conventional test path such as elongation.But in the actual engineering, the load and the path change thereof that act on the soil body unit are extremely complicated and diversified.
In order to study the deformation-strength characteristic of soil body material under various complicated loading environments, need constantly development to satisfy the testing equipment of this requirement.During existing triaxial shear equipment analysis of material performance, shear stress can only be applied separately, a plurality of directions motion couplings, the uneven defective of stress condition can not be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve at least one of technical matters that exists in the prior art.For this reason, one object of the present invention is to propose to be applicable to the two-shaft compression test equipment of two-dimensional ideal bulk material, is applicable to the quiet power unit test of coarse-grained soil common in the engineering construction and desirable granular soil n-body simulation n material.
According to a kind of two-shaft compression test equipment of the present invention, comprising: the xial feed charger, described xial feed charger comprises: the upper and lower reaction frame that fixedly installs; With axial weighted platform, described axial weighted platform is arranged on described reaction frame below and the liftable gone up; Quadra is arranged on the described axial weighted platform; The sample receiver that is used for the loading material sample, described sample receiver comprises: place the container floor on the described quadra; The left and right side pressing plate that both sides can move horizontally respectively; And be positioned at the top and vertically movably load cover plate, described axial weighted platform promotes the material sample of container floor in described sample receiver when promoting and applies xial feed; The first horizontal loading charger is used to promote described left side pressing plate to apply horizontal loading to described material sample; And the second horizontal loading charger, be used to promote described right side pressing plate to apply horizontal loading to described material sample.
According to two-shaft compression test equipment of the present invention, be applicable to the two-dimensional ideal bulk material, under the prerequisite of not considering principal axis of stress rotation, can apply normal stress respectively to realize different load paths at two orthogonal directionss, do not need to apply separately shear stress, further, the thin sight group structure evolutionary process of the tracking sample that this two-shaft compression test equipment can be continuous in deformation process.
In addition, also have following additional technical feature according to two-shaft compression test equipment of the present invention:
Described two-shaft compression test equipment also comprises: axially directed bar, be arranged on the described quadra to limit the axial rotation of described loading cover plate, described loading cover plate axially moves along described axially directed bar, with the horizontally-guided bar, be arranged on the described quadra rotation with the horizontal direction that limits described left side pressing plate and right side pressing plate, described side guide can flatly move along described horizontally-guided bar.
The horizontally-guided bar can prevent owing to the left and right side pressing plate tilts to cause bigger SR occurring, and axially directed bar can prevent to load that cover plate rotates and the stress distribution that influences specimen surface, thereby causes the influence to test accuracy.
Be respectively equipped with the needle roller axle sleeve between described horizontally-guided bar and the described left and right side pressing plate, can reduce the suffered friction force of side guide, corresponding friction factor can be reduced to about 0.01.
Adopt interlaced grating structure between described left side pressing plate, right side pressing plate, container floor and the described loading cover plate, thereby described loading cover plate and described container floor are axially movable between described left side pressing plate, right side pressing plate respectively, and described left side pressing plate, right side pressing plate respectively between described loading cover plate, container floor level removable.。Can prevent influences body strain owing to the particle squeeze-out phenomenon of sample receiver edge, avoids the axial and interference of level between adjacent boundary of sample simultaneously.
The first horizontal loading charger comprises that first pressure gas source and first cylinder and the second horizontal loading charger comprise second pressure gas source and second cylinder, be respectively applied for provide and adjust left and right level to load.
The described first horizontal loading charger and the second horizontal loading charger further comprise first and second oil cylinders respectively, and described first and second oil cylinders link to each other with first and second pressure gas sources respectively, are used to provide oil pressure.
Because gas has compressibility, if only with cylinder when material sample provides horizontal load because the feasible power that is passed on the left and right side pressing plate of the compressibility of gas reduces, thereby it is inaccurate imposed load to occur.Therefore, the present inventor is horizontal loading is passed to left side pressing plate and right side pressing plate by first cylinder, second cylinder before, applied force is transmitted by described first oil cylinder, second oil cylinder, because the compressibility of hydraulic oil is minimum, thereby make that the transmission of load is more accurate, keep small part gas so that the load that is applied is cushioned by cylinder simultaneously.
Be provided with tangential movement between described container floor and the described chassis base and keep assembly, described tangential movement keeps assembly to comprise: straight formula motion retainer; And the rolling pin, described rolling pin remains in the described straight formula motion retainer, can reduce the influence of frictional resistance of the end of sample thus.
Described two-shaft compression test equipment further comprises first force transducer that is arranged on the described loading cover plate, and is installed in second force transducer and the 3rd force transducer on two side guides respectively.
Described two-shaft compression test equipment further comprises at least one horizontal displacement sensors that is arranged on the described side guide and at least one shaft position sensor that is arranged on the described chassis base.
Described two-shaft compression test equipment also comprises the data collecting card that is used to gather each sensor signal, and described data collecting card is to send to calculation element after the digital signal to handle with the conversion of signals of each sensor.
Aspect that the present invention adds and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the two-shaft compression test equipment of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 2 is that the tangential movement in the two-shaft compression test equipment shown in Fig. 1 keeps assembly, and wherein, Fig. 2 (a) has shown that tangential movement keeps the vertical view of assembly, and Fig. 2 (b) has shown that tangential movement keeps the front view of assembly;
Fig. 3 is the left and right sides pressing plate shown in Fig. 1, container floor and loads the synoptic diagram that adopts interlaced grating structure between the cover plate;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of two-shaft compression test equipment according to another embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram that the test of two-shaft compression test equipment according to still a further embodiment is stressed and be out of shape.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, only is used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, term " interior ", " outward ", " on ", close the orientation of indications such as D score, " top ", " end " or position is based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relation, only be the present invention for convenience of description rather than require the present invention therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention with specific orientation structure and operation.
Below with reference to the two-shaft compression test equipment of Fig. 1 description according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, two-shaft compression test equipment according to an embodiment of the invention comprises xial feed charger 1, quadra 2, sample receiver 3, the first horizontal loading charger 41 and the second horizontal loading charger 42.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, xial feed charger 1 can provide axial pressure and counter-force based on existing triaxial shear equipment, and the strain control on realizing axially.This xial feed charger 1 comprises the last reaction frame 11 that fixedly installs, reaction frame 12 and below last reaction frame 11 and liftable axial weighted platform 13 down.
Quadra 2 is installed on the axial weighted platform 13, comprises base plate, left plate and right plate, and wherein left and right side plate is used for fixing fixed parts such as the first horizontal loading charger 41 and the second horizontal loading charger 42.
Sample receiver 3 is used for loading material sample 8, and in one example, material sample 8 is the cylindrical samples of two-dimentional bulk material of being piled into by metal bar.Sample receiver 3 comprises container floor 31, the both sides movably loading cover plate 33 at side guide (left side pressing plate 321 and right side pressing plate 322) and top movably respectively.Wherein, container floor 31 places on the base plate of quadra 2, and left side pressing plate 321 and right side pressing plate 322 are used for the transmission level to pressure.Load cover plate 33 and be used to transmit axle pressure, and loading cover plate 33 is connected with last reaction frame 11.Promote the material sample 8 of container floor 31 in sample receiver 3 when axially weighted platform 1 promotes and apply xial feed.
As shown in Figure 4, two-shaft compression test equipment according to another embodiment of the invention, quadra 2 also comprises upper plate.
Because the particle of sample receiver edge is extruded and will be influenced body strain, is not allow in the material test to occur.For preventing this particle squeeze-out phenomenon, avoid the axial and interference of level between adjacent boundary of sample simultaneously, therefore, in this embodiment, adopt interlaced grating structure between left side pressing plate 321 and right side pressing plate 322, container floor 31 and the loading cover plate 33, as shown in Figure 3, thereby it is axially movable between left side pressing plate 321, right side pressing plate 322 respectively to load cover plate 33 and described container floor 31, and left side pressing plate 321, right side pressing plate 322 are removable in the level that loads between cover plate 33, the container floor 31 respectively.This grating structure may cause the partial frictional resistance.Can address this problem by between sawtooth, reserving certain slit.
As shown in Figure 4, be positioned at the first horizontal loading charger 41 and the second horizontal loading charger 42 that is positioned at the right side of right side pressing plate 322 in the left side of left side pressing plate 321, be respectively applied for and promote two side guides to apply horizontal loading to material sample.The first horizontal loading charger 41 comprises first pressure gas source 411 and first cylinder 412, and the second horizontal loading charger 42 comprises second pressure gas source 421 and second cylinder 422.The first horizontal loading charger 41 and the second horizontal loading charger 42 provide and the adjustment level to load, be the Stress Control mode.Preferably, the first horizontal loading charger 41 and the second horizontal loading charger 42 also further comprise first oil cylinder 413 and second oil cylinder 423 respectively.Because gas has compressibility, if only with cylinder when material sample provides horizontal load since the compressibility of gas make be passed on the left of power on the pressing plate 321, right side pressing plate 322 reduce, thereby it is inaccurate imposed load to occur.Therefore, the present inventor is horizontal loading is passed to left side pressing plate 321 and right side pressing plate 322 by first cylinder 412, second cylinder 421 before, applied force is transmitted by described first oil cylinder 413, second oil cylinder 423, because the compressibility of hydraulic oil is minimum, thereby make that the transmission of load is more accurate, keep small part gas so that the load that is applied is cushioned by cylinder simultaneously.
Because two side guide inclinations can cause bigger SR, therefore, rotation for the restriction side guide, on framework 2, fix the horizontally-guided bar 5 of many horizontal directions, alternatively, the quantity of horizontally-guided bar 5 is 2, promptly is respectively equipped with one at the forward and backward of sample receiver, makes two side guides to move along horizontally-guided bar 5 respectively.On the other hand, the rotation that loads cover plate 33 can influence the stress distribution of specimen surface equally, and test accuracy is had certain influence.Therefore same wherein, the upper end of axially directed bar 6 is fixed on the lower surface of the upper plate of framework 2 at many axial axially directed bars 6 of framework 2 internal fixation, and its lower end is fixed on the base plate of framework 2, and alternatively, the quantity of axially directed bar 6 is 4.The two ends that load cover plate 33 are connected on 4 axially directed bars slidably, and like this, 4 axially directed bars can limit the rotation that loads cover plate 33.Test shows, uses axially directed bar 6 and horizontally-guided bar 5, the rotation of left side pressing plate 321, right side pressing plate 322 and loading cover plate 33 all can be limited in 1 °, satisfies the test accuracy requirement.
Further, the friction of sample boundary also can be introduced error to test findings in the material test.The frictional resistance that this pilot system may exist appears at two places: between sample end, two side guides and the horizontally-guided bar 5.For reducing the influence of end frictional resistance, as shown in Figure 1, in an example of the present invention, be provided with as shown in Figure 2 rolling pin and straight formula motion retainer assembly between the base plate of container floor 31 and framework 2.And in another example of the present invention, be respectively equipped with needle roller axle sleeve 9 between horizontally-guided bar 5 and the left and right side pressing plate, and as shown in Figure 4, can reduce the suffered friction force of left and right side pressing plate, corresponding friction factor can be reduced to about 0.01.
Thus, in the two-shaft compression test equipment of embodiments of the invention, xial feed charger 1, loading cover plate 33, container floor 31 and axially directed bar 6 have constituted the axial loading and the load transfer device of this pilot system jointly, the main strain control that forms in the axial direction material sample 8, wherein xial feed charger 1 is used for providing in the axial direction and adjusting load, and loading cover plate 33 and container floor 31 are passed to material sample 8 with axial load, and axially directed bar 6 is used to prevent to load cover plate 33 and rotates.And the level that has constituted this pilot system by the first horizontal loading charger 41 and left side pressing plate 321, the second horizontal loading charger 42 and right side pressing plate 322 and horizontally-guided bar 5 jointly to loading and load transfer device, wherein, and first, second horizontal loading charger is used to provide and the adjustment level to load, and left side pressing plate 321 and right side pressing plate 322 with level to loading transfer to material sample 8, horizontally-guided bar 5 is used to prevent that two side guides from rotating.In addition, quadra is used for fixing fixed parts such as first cylinder 412, second cylinder 422, axially directed bar 6 and horizontally-guided bar 5, and is respectively first cylinder 412 and second cylinder 422 provides level to counter-force.
In the loading procedure, loading cover plate 33 axial locations at sample top can be constant; The base plate of quadra 2 together with sample 8 (and left and right side pressing plate and container floor 31) with axial weighted platform 13 liftings, the height of sample 8 (promptly loading the distance between cover plate 33 and the container floor 31) changes thereupon, so Control Shaft is the axial force load of may command sample 8 to the lifting of weighted platform 13.
Shown in the table 1 is main loading performance index according to two-shaft compression test equipment of the present invention.
Table 1
Two-shaft compression test equipment according to another embodiment of the invention, set up the partial data acquisition system of forming by sensor, data collecting card and data processing software, be used for gathering automatically the data such as stressed and distortion of sample on level and axial both direction.Therefore, this system also further comprises the first force transducer FTV that is arranged on the loading cover plate, and is installed in the second force transducer FTL and the 3rd force transducer FTR on two side guides respectively.Wherein, in one example, also comprise at least one shaft position sensor at least one horizontal displacement sensors that is arranged on the side guide and the base plate that is arranged on framework 2, and the data collecting card that is used to gather each sensor signal, data collecting card is to send to calculation element after the digital signal to handle with the conversion of signals of each sensor.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 5, the suffered axle pressure P of sample is delivered on the framework 2 and measures by the force transducer FTV that places framework 2 tops, and horizontal direction pressure FL and FR measure by force transducer FTL and the FTR that is installed in the left and right side pressing plate outside respectively.DT1～DT6 totally 6 displacement sensors are passed through in displacement.Wherein DT1～DT4 is a horizontal displacement sensors, and DT5, DT6 are shaft position sensor, promptly uses two its displacements of displacement sensor on three movable borders of material sample 8 respectively, reduces because the measuring error that the border rotates and causes.The sensor measurement precision is 0.1%FS.
The electric signal that sensor records passes to data collecting card and is converted to digital signal after amplifying, handled by data processing software after passing to computing machine again.Alternatively, adoptable data collecting card model is Altay USB2010A, has 12 precision, the input of 16 road both-ends, and data acquisition rate is per second 100k.Data processing software is to revise to form on the example procedure basis that Altay company provides, by the average method of repeatedly data acquisition result is reduced noise effect.According to each sensor voltage output result, by calculating the stress-strain diagram that can obtain sample.
According to two-shaft compression test equipment of the present invention, be applicable to the two-dimensional ideal bulk material, under the prerequisite of not considering principal axis of stress rotation, can apply normal stress respectively to realize different load paths at two orthogonal directionss, further, the thin sight group structure evolutionary process of the tracking sample that this two-shaft compression test equipment can be continuous in deformation process.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification that scope of the present invention is by claims and be equal to and limit to these embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. a two-shaft compression test equipment is characterized in that, comprising:
The xial feed charger, described xial feed charger comprises:
The upper and lower reaction frame that fixedly installs; With
Axial weighted platform, described axial weighted platform are arranged on described reaction frame below and the liftable gone up;
Quadra is arranged on the described axial weighted platform;
The sample receiver that is used for the loading material sample, described sample receiver comprises:
Place the container floor on the described quadra;
The left and right side pressing plate that both sides can move horizontally respectively; And
Be positioned at the top and vertically movably load cover plate, described axial weighted platform promotes the material sample of container floor in described sample receiver when promoting and applies xial feed;
The first horizontal loading charger is used to promote described left side pressing plate to apply horizontal loading to described material sample; And
The second horizontal loading charger is used to promote described right side pressing plate to apply horizontal loading to described material sample.
2. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Axially directed bar is arranged on the described quadra limiting the axial rotation of described loading cover plate, described loading cover plate along described axially directed bar axially move and
The horizontally-guided bar is arranged on the described quadra rotation with the horizontal direction that limits described left side pressing plate and right side pressing plate, and described side guide can flatly move along described horizontally-guided bar.
3. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, is respectively equipped with the needle roller axle sleeve between described horizontally-guided bar and the described left and right side pressing plate.
4. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt interlaced grating structure between described left side pressing plate, right side pressing plate, container floor and the described loading cover plate, thereby described loading cover plate and described container floor are axially movable between described left side pressing plate, right side pressing plate respectively, and described left side pressing plate, right side pressing plate respectively between described loading cover plate, container floor level removable.
5. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described first horizontal loading charger comprises first pressure gas source and first cylinder, and the second horizontal loading charger comprises second pressure gas source and second cylinder.
6. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the described first horizontal loading charger and the second horizontal loading charger further comprise first and second oil cylinders respectively, described first and second oil cylinders link to each other with first and second pressure gas sources respectively, are used to provide oil pressure.
7. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with tangential movement between described container floor and the described chassis base and keeps assembly, and described tangential movement keeps assembly to comprise:
Straight formula motion retainer; And
Rolling pin, described rolling pin remain in the described straight formula motion retainer.
8. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprises first force transducer that is arranged on the described loading cover plate, and is installed in second force transducer and the 3rd force transducer on two side guides respectively.
9. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, further comprises at least one horizontal displacement sensors that is arranged on the described side guide and at least one shaft position sensor that is arranged on the described chassis base.
10. two-shaft compression test equipment as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that, also comprise the data collecting card that is used to gather each sensor signal, described data collecting card is to send to calculation element after the digital signal to handle with the conversion of signals of each sensor.
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| CN102607946A (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-07-25 | 武汉大学 | Device for large-scale true tri-axial test of original grading rockfill body and use method of method |
| CN102607955A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-25 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Biaxial compression test device for fractured rock mass |
| CN102607961A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 山东大学 | Orthogonal bidirectional creep testing device and testing method of orthogonal bidirectional creep testing device |
| CN103439189A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-11 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock biaxial compression micromechanics testing device under stress-water current-chemical coupling actions |
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| CN102607955A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-25 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Biaxial compression test device for fractured rock mass |
| CN102607955B (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2014-09-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Biaxial compression test device for fractured rock mass |
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| CN102607946B (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-07-15 | 武汉大学 | Device for large-scale true tri-axial test of original grading rockfill body and use method of method |
| CN102607961A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 山东大学 | Orthogonal bidirectional creep testing device and testing method of orthogonal bidirectional creep testing device |
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Application publication date: 20101208 |