CN101944857B - Power adapter including power reducer - Google Patents
Power adapter including power reducer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101944857B CN101944857B CN201010250715.4A CN201010250715A CN101944857B CN 101944857 B CN101944857 B CN 101944857B CN 201010250715 A CN201010250715 A CN 201010250715A CN 101944857 B CN101944857 B CN 101944857B
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Abstract
A power adapter including a power reducer for no-load or light load applications and method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the power adapter includes a capacitor coupled to an input of the power adapter, and a bleeder switch coupled in parallel with the capacitor. The power adapter also includes a detection circuit configured to sense an ac mains voltage at the input of the power adapter and turn on the bleeder switch upon detection of a loss of the ac mains voltage. In addition to or in lieu of, the power adapter may include a power converter, and a disconnect switch configured to disconnect the ac mains voltage from the power converter in response to a signal from a load.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to power electronics, more specifically, relate to the power adapters that comprises power lowering device and method of operation thereof for zero load or underloading equipment.
Background technology
The power converter of switching mode (also claiming " power converter " or " adjuster ") is input voltage waveform to be converted to power supply or the Power Processing circuit of specific output voltage waveforms.DC-DC power converter is converted to dc output voltage by direct current (" dc ") input voltage.The controller being associated with power converter is managed its operation by the turn-on cycle of using in power ratio control switch.Conventionally, controller is coupling between the input and output of power converter in feedback loop configuration (also claiming " control loop " or " close loop control circuit ").
Conventionally, controller is measured the output characteristic (for example, output voltage, output current, or the combination of output voltage and output current) of power converter, and revises on this basis the duty ratio of the power switch of power converter.Duty ratio " D " means the turn-on cycle of power switch and the ratio of its switch periods.Therefore,, if power switch conducting reaches switch periods half, the duty ratio of this power switch will be 0.5 (or percent 50).In addition, along with system (for example, the microprocessor of being powered by power converter) in, the dynamic change of voltage or electric current (for example, variation due to computational load on microprocessor), controller should be configured to dynamically improve or reduce the wherein duty ratio of power switch, to the output characteristic of for example output voltage and so on is maintained to the value of expectation.
Be designed for and for example will exchange that (" ac ") rail voltage is converted to dc output voltage after adjusting, to be electronic load (printer, modulator-demodulator, or personal computer) power supply, the power converter with low rated power is commonly referred to " ac power adapters " or " power adapters ", or is called more compactly " adapter " here.Industrial standard requires to continue to reduce unloaded current supply loss, to reduce the power that power adapters consumed that keeps inserting but do not used by millions of.From the angle of the Several Typical Load of the electronic equipment representative in free time or park mode (mode of operation of this kind equipment Zhe Shi family or working environment in most time), set up the efficiency requirements at very low power output level place.
The no-load power consumption of power adapters is arranged by three kinds of phenomenons conventionally.Electric current in order to provide power to draw from high-voltage power bus to from the controller to adapter is provided the first phenomenon.When adapter is operating and can provide power from the ancillary coil of transformer, high-voltage power draws sometimes and cuts off.For example, yet when adapter does not operate (, the situation that startup situation or controller are closed completely), high pressure supply bus is directly for controller provides power.May be less although startup or retentive control device operate required electric current, its this fact from high-voltage bus causes the optimum power draw that surpasses from adapter input.
The second phenomenon relates to " X-capacitor " (that is, safe rated capacity device) across adapter and electric current in the bleeder resistor of coupling.X-capacitor is ac input power main line (also referred to as " ac main line ") across power converter and the capacitor of coupling produces and led back the electromagnetic interference (" EMI ") of ac main line in order to reduce by power converter." Y-capacitor " (that is, safe rated capacity device) is that the ac main line and the EMI-between input side earthing conductor that are coupling in power converter reduce capacitor.The two feature of X-capacitor and Y-capacitor is all the relevant safe rated voltages of crest voltage that need to maintain to respective electrical container.When disconnecting from ac main line, X-capacitor should divide at short notice to let out and is reduced to low-voltage.Divide the voltage of the low X-capacitor of drop-down conventionally to utilize the bleeder resistor across capacitor-coupled to complete.
The third phenomenon relates to grid and drives and other continuation power consumptions that do not change because of load.The third phenomenon is solved by the operation with burst mode conventionally, its middle controller is for example, disabled within a period of time (, 1 second), by the short pulse of high power operation (for example follows, 10 milliseconds (" ms ")), so that lower average output power to be provided.The solution of the second phenomenon is normally by reducing the EMI of generation to allow to reduce the variety of way of X-capacitor sizes, this allows to reduce bleeder resistor electric current.Above-mentioned the first phenomenon is not solved conventionally.
Even when controller is disabled, it still draws a small amount of still important quantity of power.And, no matter load level how, is drawn continuous power with the bleeder resistor of X-Parallel-connected Capacitor coupling.When the size of X-capacitor reduces to a certain extent due to good EMI PRACTICE OF DESIGN, all adapters at least need little X-capacitor to meet EMI demand, bleeder resistor loss when this causes zero load.
Along with industrial requirement all becomes strict all the more every year, relatively little this two class power consumptions have become the substantive obstacle that reduces no-load loss now.Therefore,, although developed in order to reduce the various strategies of power adapters power consumption, when adapter provides minimum power or do not provide power to load, not yet there is providing the strategy of substantive power-dissipation-reduced.Thus, need design and correlation technique for power adapters in this area, it is supported in further reduction power converter loss in the situation of not sacrificing final products performance, and can be applicable to valuably high yield manufacturing technology.
Summary of the invention
By useful execution mode of the present invention, these and other problems and be resolved and overcome, and realized technical advantage, wherein embodiments of the present invention comprise a kind of power adapters and method of operation thereof, this power adapters comprises the power lowering device for zero load or underloading application.In one embodiment, this power adapters comprises: with the capacitor of the input coupling of this power adapters; And let out switch with dividing of this Parallel-connected Capacitor coupling.This power adapters also comprises testing circuit, and it is configured for the ac rail voltage of the input of this power adapters of sensing, and minute lets out switch based on the detection of the loss of ac rail voltage is connected.In addition or as an alternative, this power adapters can comprise: power converter; And cut-off switch, it is configured in response to the signal from load ac rail voltage is disconnected from power converter.Capacitor, minute let out switch, testing circuit and cut-off switch and formed at least a portion for the power lowering device of power converter.
Feature of the present invention and technical advantage have quite broadly been sketched the contours of above, to can understand better next detailed description of the present invention.Other Characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be described subsequently, and it has formed the theme of the claims in the present invention.Those skilled in the art should be able to understand, and disclosed concept can easily realize other structures of the identical object of the present invention or the basis of flow process with making an amendment or being designed for specific implementations.Those skilled in the art should be further appreciated that these equivalent structures do not have to depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that propose as claims.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, now in connection with accompanying drawing by reference to the following description, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows according to the schematic diagram of the execution mode of the power adapters of principles of construction of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the part schematic diagram according to the execution mode of the power adapters of principles of construction of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the chart of selected voltage of the power adapters of presentation graphs 2;
Fig. 4 shows the part schematic diagram according to the execution mode of the power adapters of principles of construction of the present invention; And
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B show the chart of selected voltage of the power adapters of presentation graphs 4.
Unless there are other indications, in different accompanying drawings, corresponding numbers and symbols refers generally to corresponding part of generation, and for simplicity, after the first example, is no longer repeated in this description.Drawing accompanying drawing is for the related fields of illustrative embodiments are shown.
Embodiment
The following will discuss manufacture and the use of exemplary embodiment of the invention.It should be understood, however, that and the present invention proposes a lot of creationary concepts applicatory, these concepts can be specialized according to multiple specific context.The specific implementations of discussing only shows the ad hoc fashion of manufacture of the present invention and use, is not limitation of the scope of the invention.
The present invention describes with reference to the illustrative embodiments in specific context,, comprises the power adapters for the power lowering device of zero load or underloading application that is.Although principle of the present invention is to describe under the environment of power adapters, but any application (for example, power amplifier or motor controller) that can be benefited from comprise the power converter of power lowering device is same in wide in range scope of the present invention.
Because it is easy and low-cost, flyback (flyback) power converter is often used in such as the low power applications such as power adapters for printer.The power adapters of employing retrace power converter is conventionally designed in high-output power level and operates constantly.Note, the load of power adapters (for example, the load being provided by printer and personal computer) normally variable, and conventionally can be at maximum power level long-play, the design of the power adapters of this type of application will be considered the power conversion efficiency when unloaded and underloading.
Turn to now Fig. 1, it shows according to the schematic diagram of the execution mode of the power adapters of principles of construction of the present invention.The power train of power converter (also referred to as " retrace power converter ") (for example, retrace power chain) comprising: with the power switch Q of ac main line 110 couplings
main; Electromagnetic interference (" the EMI ") filter 120 that can comprise X-capacitor and Y-capacitor (described below); Bridge rectifier 130; And for example, in order to magnetropism equipment (, isolating transformer or transformer T
1) the dc input voltage V through abundant filtering is provided
ininput filter condenser C
in.Although the electromagnetic interface filter 120 shown in Fig. 1 is positioned between ac main line 110 and bridge rectifier 130, electromagnetic interface filter 120 can comprise and is positioned at bridge rectifier 130 and transformer T
1between filtering unit.Transformer T
1having turn ratio is n: 1 armature winding N
pwith secondary winding N
s, the selection of turn ratio is in the situation that consider that the pressure on gained duty ratio and power train assembly provides output voltage V
out.
Power switch Q
main(for example, n-slot field-effect transistor) controlled by pulse-width modulation (" PWM ") controller 140, this controller 140 power ratio control switch Q
mainconducting in duty ratio.Power switch Q
mainin response to the gate drive signal V being produced by PWM controller 140
gand (be typically expressed as " f with switching frequency
s") conducting.Duty ratio is controlled (for example, regulating) by PWM controller 140, for example, with the output characteristic of regulating power transducer, output voltage V
out.Output current I
outor its combination.Feedback path 150 allows PWM controller 140 to control duty ratio, with the output characteristic of regulating power transducer.Certainly, as known in the art, in feedback path 150, can adopt for example circuit isolated component of optical isolator and so on, to keep the input-output isolation of power converter.Transformer T
1secondary winding N
sthe ac voltage of upper appearance is by diode D
1carry out rectification, and the dc component of gained waveform is coupled to output by low pass output filter, wherein low pass output filter comprises output filter capacitor C
outin order to produce output voltage V
out.
During the first of duty ratio, transformer T flows through
1armature winding N
pelectric current I
pri(for example, inductor current) along with electric current from inlet flow through power switch Q
mainand increase.(common and power switch Q during the complementary portion of duty ratio
maincomplementary duty cycle 1-D coexist), power switch Q
mainsaltus step is nonconducting state.As power switch Q
mainduring shutoff, be stored in transformer T
1interior residual magnetic energy causes by diode D
1current lead-through.With output filter capacitor C
outthe diode D of coupling
1maintenance transformer T is provided
1the successional path of magnetizing current.During the complementary portion of duty ratio, transformer T flows through
1secondary winding N
smagnetizing current reduce.Conventionally, can control (for example, regulating) power switch Q
mainduty ratio, to keep the output voltage V to power converter
outadjusting or the output voltage V of regulating power transducer
out.
For regulation output voltage V
out, use error amplifier (not shown) is to output voltage V conventionally
outvalue or through the value of convergent-divergent and the reference voltage in PWM controller 140, compare, to control duty ratio.This has formed negative feedback layout, in order to by output voltage V
outbe adjusted to reference voltage (through convergent-divergent) value.Larger duty ratio means: power switch Q
mainin the longer part of the switching cycle of power converter, be closed.
As presented here, the zero load of power adapters (also claim underloading or reduce load) loss is solved.In one embodiment, when adapter from external power source (for example, from being coupled to the load of adapter) while receiving signal, the power converter of power adapters (for example, being coupled to the circuit for power conversion of dc side that ac rail voltage is carried out to the bridge rectifier of rectification) disconnects substantially.For example, personal computer can, to adapter signal transmission, indicate this adapter should enter no-load running state.In response to this signal, adapter, by opening the switch such as mos field effect transistor (" MOSFET "), disconnects the power converter of adapter.The power converter that disconnects adapter has removed loss the loss causing except X-capacitor bleeder resistor, that be associated with adapter.
In another embodiment, initiatively minute letting out device (bleeder) is coupled across the X-capacitor of adapter.When providing ac rail voltage to adapter, initiatively divide and let out device shutoff.When ac rail voltage turn-offs, initiatively divide and let out device connection, so that fast to X-discharging capacitors.Use initiatively and minute to let out device and removed most of loss that the bleeder resistor due to X-capacitor causes.
As presented here, initiatively divide the electric discharge of letting out device capacitor sensor (high-voltage capacitor that for example, signal notice ac rail voltage exists).When ac rail voltage is from being coupled to the ac main line of adapter and removing, there is the electric discharge of capacitor.Power adapters can be carried out removing of sensing ac rail voltage by pulse detector, and wherein pulse detector is for example in response to the fundamental frequency of ac rail voltage or the pulse detector of its harmonic wave of going to adapter.Each pulse detector and corresponding rectifier diode coupling, and rectifier diode is transferred and the coupling of ac main line end.Be coupled to pulse train loss that the diode of ac main line end produces and be considered to the removing of adapter indication ac rail voltage, and the active being coupled across X-capacitor divides and lets out device (for example, divide and let out device MOSFET) connection.Each of two diodes produces its oneself pulse train in response to ac rail voltage.The single X-capacitor having charged may oneself produce the reliable signal that indication ac rail voltage exists.By requiring two diodes to produce pulse train separately, circuit needs hot junction and neutral end is regular has a positive high voltage, thereby keep pulse train active, only at ac rail voltage on the basis in rule during switch polarity, (, on capacitor, the existence of dc voltage can not produce the rub-out signal that indication ac rail voltage exists) just can occur for this.Thereby, for initiatively minute letting out the testing circuit of device, can be configured for the loss that adopts a plurality of diodes of two polarity that are suitable for sensing ac rail voltage to detect ac rail voltage.
Turn to now Fig. 2, it shows according to the schematic diagram of the part of the execution mode of the power adapters of principles of construction of the present invention.Power adapters comprises cut-off switch Q2, and it is lossy that it removes institute substantially outside the loss that the bleeder resistor R1 except for example, being associated with capacitor (, X-capacitor C3) causes, that be associated with power adapters.Resistor R3 represents to be coupled to the Power leakage (comprising its unloaded leakage) of the isolated power converter of bridge rectifier 101, and the load (personal computer that for example, comprises battery) that is coupled to power converter.Thus, even if personal computer is disabled or from adapter disconnection, due to the high frequency switching action of the power converter in power adapters and the ACTIVE CONTROL assembly in power converter, resistor R3 still represents positive leakage.
(for example, MOSFET) Q2 is the cut-off switch for resistor R3 to cut-off switch.Paired diode D4, D5 is charged to high-voltage capacitor C1 the peak value of ac rail voltage V1.Bleeder resistor R1 and Zener diode Z1 produce the source of 12 volts of the grid that is coupled to cut-off switch Q2, and it connects cut-off switch Q2 in response to the ac rail voltage to adapter.
When the load of for example personal computer enters zero load or shutdown operation pattern, it produces primary side (that is, load-side) the signal V2 of high level (for example, being greater than 3 volts), for example, with (, the MOSFET) shutoff of Q3 of signal notice switch.By being coupled to the signal V2 of inverter INV1, carry out stopcock Q3, this will enable the operation of the oscillator (for example, relaxation oscillator 102) for example, being formed by anti-phase Schmidt trigger U1, resistor R4 and capacitor C2 (, 10 nanofarad capacitors).Anti-phase Schmidt trigger produces high output signal in response to low input-signal.When being activated by stopcock Q3, primary side relaxation oscillator 102 produces 3.3V square wave at the circuit node N1 place of its output, it pass the high pressure border on the high pressure border (wherein, primary and secondary earth potential is by " p " or " s " expression that closes on earth potential symbol) between the primary and secondary earth potential of adapter by Y-capacitor CY.Voltage multiplie 103 is then by this square wave supercharging be adjusted into the dc level of about 6.6 volts.This dc level of 6.6 volts connection power switch (for example, MOSFET) Q1, it will be coupled to the source of 12 volts (across the Zener diode Z1) short circuit of the cut-off switch Q2 canopy utmost point, thereby turn-offs cut-off switch Q2.If the square wave that circuit node N1 place produces has enough amplitudes of connecting power switch Q1, can omit voltage multiplie 103.Inverter INV1 and Schmidt trigger U1 are coupled to the independent current source (for example, the battery V3 of personal computer) of load.
Although being configured for, power adapters shown in Fig. 2 and that next illustrate and describe with reference to Fig. 4 (for example there is signal coupling capacitor, Y-capacitor CY) in order to stride across isolation boundary signal transmission between primary and secondary side earth potential, but in the alternative, can adopt other isolated components such as pulse transformer or optical isolator as known in the art, in order to transmit square-wave signal (or other waveforms) across isolation boundary.Y-capacitor CY shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 provides the low-cost and energy-conservation mechanism of transmission square-wave signal.
Such as personal computer even load, generally include the battery that can drive internal load circuit.When power adapters is forbidden by load, load can be set to the low operation that reactivates power adapters by signal V2.When load enters to live, fall use state or when its battery need to recharge, can transmit this type of signal of being produced by load to again power adapters is connected.The cut-off switch Q2 of the dc side of the bridge rectifier 101 of power adapters is configured for: for example, signal V2 in response to carrying out the load of self-contained independent current source (, battery V3), disconnects ac rail voltage V1 from power converter.Independent current source in load (for example, battery V3) provides signal power for being used for disconnecting or reconnecting the circuit of ac rail voltage V1 in power adapters.For example, this signal power being provided by load can be used to for example, circuit supply such as oscillator 102 (, its Schmidt trigger U1) and inverter INV1.When independent current source cannot provide signal power, cut-off switch Q2 is configured for ac rail voltage V1 is connected to power converter.
Before power switch Q1 shown in Fig. 2, the secondary-side circuitry element of (also, before the grid of power switch Q1) is assumed that by the load that is coupled to power adapters and powers.If the battery in load is discharged, makes to load in the situation that there is no power adapters and cannot operate, will can not be oscillator 102 power supplies.Therefore, will can not produce signal at the grid place of power switch Q1, this is independent of signal V2.Thus, when the battery of load discharges completely, by 12 volts of bias voltages that produce across Zener diode Z1, and the existence of ac rail voltage can make cut-off switch Q2 connect, thereby the battery in load is charged again.In order to forbid cut-off switch Q2 when the battery of load is charged, signal V2 is set to high value.
Power adapters shown in Fig. 2 provides the Y-capacitor CY of a nanofarad, and it strides across the high voltage border between primary and secondary earth potential and is coupled.If the frequency of relaxation oscillator increases, can use less capacitor.For example, can adopt valuably the Y-capacitor at 100 pico farads of 50 kilo hertzs (" kHz ") operation, wherein the value of 2.2 nanofarads is used for capacitor C2, and the value of 10 kilo-ohms (" k Ω ") is for the resistor R4 as oscillator timing component.When personal computer or other loads exist low load or zero load operator scheme, signal V2 is set to low.Then forbid relaxation oscillator 102, this is by switch-off power switch Q1.Switch-off power switch Q1 allows the voltage recovery to 12 volt of Zener diode Z1, and this will connect cut-off switch Q2 then, thereby allow to power to the load.The canopy pole tension of power switch Q1 is expressed as Vg, and the ac rail voltage V1 that is coupled to power converter is for such as the load of personal computer or wherein need the powered battery of charging.
The example components value of the circuit element shown in Fig. 2 is listed as follows.
Turn to now Fig. 3, it shows the chart of the selected voltage of the power adapters in Fig. 2.The figure shows out by the grid voltage Vg of the power switch Q1 of resistor R7, the primary side of its power adapters after oscillator signal.When cut-off switch Q2 connects, the power that example adapter consumes is 727 milliwatts (" mW ").When cut-off switch Q2 turn-offs, the power that exemplary adapter consumes is 26 milliwatts.The power level of 26mW is determined by bleeder resistor R1.The power level of 727mW is any static load (being represented by resistor R3 at this) sum of the dc side of the 26mW that consumes of bleeder resistor R1 and bridge rectifier 101.In a lot of adapter design, owing to comprising pulse operation pattern, the equivalence value of resistor R3 may be much higher.If comprise pulse operation pattern, this numerical value of 727mW will reduce.The power level of 26mW is determined by the size of X-capacitor C3 and the security requirement of describing its discharge rate.
When ac rail voltage V1 disconnects, X-capacitor C3 (being coupled in parallel to ac main line in the input of power adapters) discharges by bleeder resistor R1, Zener diode Z1 and diode D5, D10 or diode D4, D7 (polarity of voltage that depends on X=capacitor C3).Bleeder resistor R1 is being shorter than percent 37 the voltage in 1 second, X-capacitor C3 being discharged into lower than initial value, to meet common safety requirements.
Turn to now Fig. 4, it shows according to the schematic diagram of the part of the execution mode of the power adapters of principles of construction of the present invention.The active of power adapters divides lets out device by forming in order to detect the 12 volts of power supplys that add that resistor R8 that the testing circuit 104 that ac rail voltage V1 exists and the identical high-voltage capacitor C1 using from the original 12 volts of power supplys that illustrate and describe with reference to figure 2 derive and Zener diode Z2 form.In addition, comprise and minute let out switch (for example, MOSFET) Q5 and current limliting bleeder resistor R9.By switch, (for example, MOSFET) Q4 and resistor R11 form inverter, by 12 volts of Power supplies that increase.Coupling circuit for example, is formed by capacitor C7, resistor R10 and Zener diode (, the Zener diode of 12 volts) Z3.In the power adapters shown in Fig. 4, the bleeder resistor R1 shown in Fig. 2 has been increased to 100M Ω now.Although the too high in resistance of bleeder resistor R1 is so that cannot make X-capacitor C3 repid discharge, but for example, within the acceptable time (, the being less than 1 second) electric discharge of X-capacitor C3 that switch Q5 allows parallel coupled is let out in dividing of connecting with Limited Current bleeder resistor R9.
Also comprise and minute let out switch Q5, it is connected with current limliting bleeder resistor R9, minute to let out fast on one's own initiative X-capacitor C3.In the normal operation period, 12 of increase volts of power supply maintained switch Q4 connect.Therefore, divide and let out switch Q5 and be maintained at off state.Power adapters operates as before, and difference is that minute let out electric current fully reduces during off state.When cut-off switch Q2 turn-offs, no-load power is reduced to only 5mW now.When ac rail voltage V1 disconnects, two 12 volts of power supplys draw electric current from high-voltage capacitor C1 and X-capacitor C3, thereby cause it slowly to discharge.Capacitor C7 serves as coupling capacitor, causes the change in voltage (for example, decline) of high-voltage capacitor C1 to appear at the grid place of switch Q4.When striding across approximately 9 volts of the voltage drops of high-voltage capacitor C1, the canopy pole tension VGQ4 of switch Q4 drops to 3 volts from 12 volts.Switch Q4 turn-offs then, and this lets out switch Q5 by connection minute, and to high-voltage capacitor C1 and X-capacitor C3 repid discharge.Testing circuit changes to detect the loss of ac rail voltage V1 by sensing across the voltage of high-voltage capacitor C1 or its.For example, the grid voltage of switch Q4 for example,, at higher ac rail voltage (, 264 volts of root mean square (" V RMS ")) V1 place, presents the voltage fluctuation of 5 to 9 volt range.At lower ac rail voltage place, the fluctuation of the grid voltage of switch Q4 will reduce pro rata.Zener diode Z3 is restricted to approximately 12 volts by the grid voltage VGQ4 of switch Q4.Thus, testing circuit 104 is configured for: for example, by utilizing peak detector (, diode D4, D5 and high-voltage capacitor C1) sensing detects the loss of ac rail voltage V1 across the voltage of X-capacitor C3, and adopt coupling capacitor C7 and switch Q4 to carry out the change in voltage of detection peak detector.
The exemplary thin tiltedly value of the circuit element shown in Fig. 4 is listed as follows.
| Thin part | Example values |
| R1 | 100MΩ |
| R8 | 100MΩ |
| Z2，Z3 | 12V |
| R9 | 10kΩ |
| R10 | 330MΩ |
| R11 | 4.7MΩ |
| C7 | 100nF |
The example components value of other elements shown in Fig. 4 is identical with those elements of describing with reference to figure 2.For consistency, the like in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 is used identical reference symbol.As shown in Figure 4, X-capacitor C3 and Y-capacitor CY, bleeder resistor R1 and R9, minute let out switch Q5, oscillator 102, voltage multiplie 103, testing circuit 104 and cut-off switch Q2 have formed at least a portion of the power lowering device of power adapters.
Turn to now Fig. 5, it shows the chart of selected voltage of the power adapters of presentation graphs 4.The figure shows the grid voltage VGQ4 of switch Q4, wherein power adapters normal running under the high ac rail voltage V1 of 264 volt AC (" VAC ").The grid voltage VGQ4 at switch Q4 grid place shows zigzag fluctuation waveform voltage, the frequency that it has the peak-to-peak fluctuation voltage of about 5 volts and doubles ac main line frequency.Canopy pole tension VGQ4 remains on the threshold voltage vt h of switch Q4, and this causes switch Q4 during the normal use of ac rail voltage V1, to keep constantly connecting.Therefore, divide and let out switch Q5 and keep constantly turn-offing.Thus, when applying ac rail voltage V1, at the normal operation period of power adapters, in current limliting bleeder resistor R9, do not assign power.
Turn to now Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B, it shows the chart of selected voltage of the power adapters of presentation graphs 4.The figure shows out the voltage VC3 (pecked line) of X-capacitor C3 (seeing Fig. 6 A), and minute let out the canopy pole tension VGQ4 (dash line) at switch Q4 grid place and minute let out the grid voltage VGQ5 (solid line) at switch Q5 (seeing Fig. 6 B) grid place, show when ac rail voltage V1 during in 0 shutoff constantly the active of power adapters divide and let out operation.When ac rail voltage V1 is when the moment 0 disconnects, the grid voltage VGQ4 at switch Q4 grid place slowly reduces, until it reaches the threshold voltage of switch Q4, this locates about 0.4 second (" s ").Now, switch Q4 turn-offs, and the grid voltage VGQ5 that minute lets out switch Q5 is raise, and connects to divide and lets out switch Q5.Divide the connection of letting out switch Q5 to make X-capacitor C3 by current limliting bleeder resistor R9 repid discharge, as shown in the voltage VC3 in Fig. 6 A.Before minute letting out switch Q5 conducting, within approximately 0.4 second, locate, voltage VC3 only slowly reduces by resistor R1, R8, R10 and Zener diode Z1, Z2, Z3.
Above-mentioned active bleeder circuit can not have cut-off switch (for example cut-off switch Q2) in the situation that to use.Yet the circuit shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 is shared identical circuit element, and each can make no-load loss reduce the amplitude of similar magnitude.Thus, two circuit all can be effectively used to reduce zero load (or underloading) loss.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and previously describedly comprise that the adapter of circuit and the execution mode of related operating method thereof that reduce zero load (or underloading) loss are only to provide for exemplary purpose.For example, in other embodiments, use the adapter of half-wave rectifier bridge rather than full-wave rectification bridge also can adopt technology described herein.For example, the full-wave rectification bridge 101 shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 can be replaced by single diode, and this has eliminated the needs to diode D4.Although described the power adapters that adopts the power converter that comprises the circuit that reduces unloaded (or underloading) loss in the environment of power converter, but these processes can be applied in other system, such as but not limited to power amplifier or motor controller.
In order to understand better power converter, can be referring to " Modern DC-to-DC PowerSwitch-mode Power Converter Circuits ", Rudolph P.Severns and GordonBloom, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York (1985) and " Principles of Power Electronics ", J.G.Kassakian, M.F.Schlecht and G.C.Verghese, Addison-Wesley (1991).For related application, referring to Artusi etc. " Power Converter with Adaptively Optimized Controller andMethod of Controlling the Same " by name, in disclosed U.S. Patent Application Publication No. No.2008/0130321 on June 5th, 2008; By name " the Power System withPower Converters Having an Adaptive Controller " of Artusi etc., in disclosed U.S. Patent Application Publication No. No.2008/0130322 on June 5th, 2008; And Artusi etc. " Power Ssystem with Power Converters Having an AdaptiveController " by name, in disclosed U.S. Patent Application Publication No. No.2008/0232141 on September 25th, 2008.At this, be incorporated to by reference the full content of above-mentioned list of references.
Although described the present invention and advantage thereof in detail, should be appreciated that in the situation that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that are defined by the following claims, can make multiple change, displacement and replacement here.For example, several different methods discussed above can be realized by different modes and be replaced by other mode, or their combination.
And scope of the present invention do not mean that and is limited in this flow process, in the specific implementations of the combination of equipment, manufacture, things, mode, method and the step described in special case.As those skilled in the art can be easily from understanding disclosed by the invention, the combination of the flow process that has existed or will develop, equipment, manufacture, things, mode, method or step, they can be carried out in fact identical function with corresponding execution mode or reach in fact identical result, and corresponding execution mode described herein is used according to the present invention.Thereby claims are intended to the combination of such flow process, equipment, manufacture, things, mode, method or step to be included within the scope of it.
Claims (25)
1. a power adapters, comprising:
Capacitor with the input coupling of described power adapters;
Let out switch with dividing of described Parallel-connected Capacitor coupling;
Testing circuit, is configured for the ac rail voltage of the described input of power adapters described in sensing, and within described minute, lets out switch based on the detection of the loss of described ac rail voltage is connected;
Power converter, comprises power switch; And
Cut-off switch, is configured for when the signal from load is high value, and described ac rail voltage is disconnected from described power converter.
2. power adapters according to claim 1, wherein said capacitor is X-capacitor.
3. power adapters according to claim 1, further comprises: with the bleeder resistor of letting out switch series coupled for described minute.
4. power adapters according to claim 1, wherein said testing circuit is configured for by utilizing peak detector sensing across the voltage of described capacitor, detects the described loss of described ac rail voltage.
5. power adapters according to claim 4, wherein said testing circuit is configured for by the variation across the voltage of described peak detector according to coupling capacitor sensing, detects the described loss of described ac rail voltage.
6. power adapters according to claim 1, wherein said testing circuit is configured for according to a plurality of diodes that are suitable for the two poles of the earth of ac rail voltage described in sensing, detects the described loss of described ac rail voltage.
7. power adapters according to claim 1,
Wherein said power switch is configured to be controlled by controller.
8. power adapters according to claim 1, wherein said power converter is flyback converter.
9. power adapters according to claim 1, wherein the described signal from described load is coupled by signal coupling capacitor and described cut-off switch.
10. power adapters according to claim 9, further comprises: the oscillator that is coupled to described signal coupling capacitor.
11. power adapters according to claim 10, further comprise: the voltage multiplie that is coupled to described oscillator and described signal coupling capacitor.
12. power adapters according to claim 1, further comprise and are coupled to the inverter of letting out switch for described minute.
13. 1 kinds of power adapters, comprising:
Rectifier;
With the power converter of dc side coupling that comprises the described rectifier of power switch; And
Cut-off switch in the described dc side of described rectifier, be configured in response to from comprise independent current source load signal and ac rail voltage is disconnected from described power converter, wherein said independent current source provides signal power to allow described disconnection to the circuit in described power adapters.
14. power adapters according to claim 13, further comprise:
Capacitor with the input coupling of described power adapters;
Let out switch with dividing of described Parallel-connected Capacitor coupling; And
Testing circuit, is configured for the described ac rail voltage of the described input of power adapters described in sensing, and within described minute, lets out switch based on the detection of the loss of described ac rail voltage is connected.
15. power adapters according to claim 13, wherein said power converter is flyback converter.
16. power adapters according to claim 13, wherein the described signal from described load passes through signal coupling capacitor-coupled to described cut-off switch.
17. power adapters according to claim 16, wherein said signal coupling capacitor is Y-capacitor.
18. power adapters according to claim 16, wherein said circuit comprises the oscillator that is coupled to described signal coupling capacitor.
19. power adapters according to claim 18, further comprise: the voltage multiplie that is coupled to described oscillator and described signal coupling capacitor.
20. power adapters according to claim 13, wherein said cut-off switch is configured for when described independent current source cannot provide described signal power described ac rail voltage is connected to described power converter.
21. 1 kinds of operations comprise with the method for the power adapters of the power converter of power switch, comprising:
Input by capacitor-coupled to described power adapters;
To divide and let out switch in parallel and be coupled to described capacitor;
The ac rail voltage of the described input of power adapters described in sensing;
Based on being connected, the detection of the loss of described ac rail voltage within described minute, lets out switch; And
When the signal from load is high value, use cut-off switch that described ac rail voltage is disconnected from described power converter.
22. methods according to claim 21, wherein said sensing comprises that sensing is across the variation of the voltage of described capacitor.
23. methods according to claim 21, wherein said sensing utilizes peak detector to carry out.
24. methods according to claim 21, wherein the described signal from described load arrives described cut-off switch by signal coupling capacitor-coupled.
25. methods according to claim 21, wherein in response to the described signal from described load, the dc side at the rectifier of described power adapters is carried out described disconnection, and wherein said load comprises the independent current source that signal power is provided to the circuit in described power adapters.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/486,493 | 2009-06-17 | ||
| US12/486,520 US8514593B2 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2009-06-17 | Power converter employing a variable switching frequency and a magnetic device with a non-uniform gap |
| US12/486,493 US8643222B2 (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2009-06-17 | Power adapter employing a power reducer |
| US12/486,520 | 2009-06-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101944857A CN101944857A (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| CN101944857B true CN101944857B (en) | 2014-09-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102420150A Pending CN101931333A (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-06-17 | The power converter that adopts changeable switch frequency and have the magnetic device in non-homogeneous gap |
| CN201010250715.4A Active CN101944857B (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-06-17 | Power adapter including power reducer |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2010102420150A Pending CN101931333A (en) | 2009-06-17 | 2010-06-17 | The power converter that adopts changeable switch frequency and have the magnetic device in non-homogeneous gap |
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| CN (2) | CN101931333A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9077258B2 (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2015-07-07 | System General Corp. | Regulation circuit associated with synchronous rectifier providing cable compensation for the power converter and method thereof |
| CN107026571A (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2017-08-08 | 国网江西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of switching power unit |
| JP2019041531A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-14 | オムロン株式会社 | LLC resonant converter |
| CN112019019A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-01 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Drive control method, device, household appliance and computer readable storage medium |
| CN111711341B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2021-07-27 | 江南大学 | Power converter control method based on P-D feedback |
| CN115514239A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-12-23 | 英诺赛科(苏州)半导体有限公司 | Switch mode power supply, electronic device charger and AC-to-DC converter |
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| US5999429A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-12-07 | Dell Usa, L.P. | Bulk filter capacitor discharge in a switching power supply |
| JP2002291260A (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2002-10-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Motor controller and compressor using it |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101944857A (en) | 2011-01-12 |
| CN101931333A (en) | 2010-12-29 |
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Effective date of registration: 20210826 Address after: Singapore City Patentee after: Maypark Holdings Ltd. Address before: California, USA Patentee before: FLEXTRONICS INTERNATIONAL USA, Inc. |