CN101981572A - 请求路由 - Google Patents

请求路由 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101981572A
CN101981572A CN2009801114223A CN200980111422A CN101981572A CN 101981572 A CN101981572 A CN 101981572A CN 2009801114223 A CN2009801114223 A CN 2009801114223A CN 200980111422 A CN200980111422 A CN 200980111422A CN 101981572 A CN101981572 A CN 101981572A
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content
dns
service provider
resource identifier
computing device
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CN101981572B (zh
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大卫·R·理查森
约翰·科米
布拉德利·E·马歇尔
埃尔莫尔·尤金·波普
斯瓦米纳坦·斯瓦苏布拉马尼亚恩
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Amazon Technologies Inc
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Amazon Technologies Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/30—Managing network names, e.g. use of aliases or nicknames
    • H04L61/301—Name conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
    • H04L61/4505—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
    • H04L61/4511—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
    • H04L67/1036—Load balancing of requests to servers for services different from user content provisioning, e.g. load balancing across domain name servers

Abstract

一种请求路由系统、方法和计算机可读介质。对所请求内容的资源标识符进行处理的客户请求向内容传递网络服务提供商发送第一DNS查询。内容传递网络服务提供商响应于客户计算设备DNS查询而发送备选资源标识符。然后客户计算设备向相同的内容传递网络服务提供商发起第二DNS查询。内容传递网络服务提供商然后可以利用高速缓存组件的IP地址来解析第二DNS查询，或者把将要解析的另一备选资源标识符发送至内容传递网络服务提供商。可以利用内容传递网络服务提供商的网络来重复该过程，直到DNS服务器解析来自客户计算设备的DNS查询。

Description

请求路由
背景技术
一般而言，可以利用计算设备和通信网络来交换信息。在通常应用中，计算设备可以经由通信网络向另一计算设备请求内容。例如，个人计算设备处的用户可以利用软件浏览器应用经由互联网向服务器计算设备请求网页。在这种情况下，用户计算设备可以称作客户计算设备，服务器计算设备可以称作内容提供商。
通常，考虑到向客户计算设备有效地发送所请求的内容和/或在考虑到与内容的发送相关联的成本，一般激发内容提供商将所请求的内容提供给客户计算设备。对于大规模的实现，内容提供商可以从大量的客户计算设备接收内容请求，大量的客户计算设备可以使内容提供商的计算资源紧张。另外，客户计算设备所请求的内容可以具有多个组成部分，这些组成部分可以进一步使内容提供商的计算资源紧张。
参考示例，所请求的网页或初始内容可以与将用网页来显示的多个附加资源(如，图像或视频)相关联。在一个具体实施例中，网页的附加资源由多个嵌入式资源标识符(如，统一资源定位符“URL”)来标识。客户计算设备上的软件典型地处理嵌入式资源标识符以产生对内容的请求。通常，与嵌入式资源相关的资源标识符引用与内容提供商相关联的计算设备，使得客户计算设备向所引用的内容提供商计算设备发送对附加资源的请求。因此，为满足内容请求，内容提供商将提供与网页相关联的客户计算设备数据以及与嵌入式资源相关联的数据。
一些内容提供商尝试通过使用内容传递网络(“CDN”)服务提供商来便于传送对所请求的内容(如，网页和/或在网页中标识的资源)。CDN服务器提供商典型地在通信网络中维持多个计算设备，通信网络可以维持来自不同内容提供商的内容。内容提供商可以命令或者建议客户计算设备向CDN服务器提供商的计算设备请求内容提供商的内容的一些或者全部。
参考前述说明性示例，内容提供商可以通过修改或替换与嵌入式资源相关联的资源标识符来影响CDN服务提供商。具体地，资源标识符可以引用于CDN服务提供商相关联的计算设备，使得客户计算设备向所引用的CDN服务提供商计算设备发送对附加资源的请求。典型地，内容提供商通过将CDN提供商特定资源标识符包含在所请求的内容(例如，网页)中来便于CDN提供商的使用。该方法通常与在从客户计算设备接收到对原始内容的请求之前由内容提供商实现的“离线”过程相对应。相应地，对资源标识符的修改(例如为相同的CDN服务提供商提供备选的资源标识符，以提供在处理对内容的请求的过程中由CDN服务提供商使用的附加信息，和/或标识备选的CDN服务提供商)可以变得无效，因为这些修改典型地需要内容提供商实现的“离线”过程。
附图说明
通过结合附图参考以下的详细说明，本发明的上述方面和许多伴随的优点将变得显而易见，从而得到更好地理解，在附图中：
图1示出了包括多个客户计算设备、内容提供商和内容传递网络服务提供商的内容传递环境的框图；
图2是图1的内容传递环境的框图，示出了内容提供商向内容传递服务提供商的注册；
图3是图1的内容传递环境的框图，示出了从客户计算设备到内容提供商的内容请求的产生和处理；
图4是图1的内容传递环境的框图，示出了从客户计算设备到内容传递网络服务提供商的与嵌入式资源相对应的DNS查询的产生和处理；
图5是图1的内容传递环境的框图，示出了备选从客户计算设备到内容传递网络服务提供商的与第一备选资源标识符相对应的DNS查询的产生和处理；
图6是图1的内容传递环境的框图，示出了备选从客户计算设备到内容传递网络服务提供商的与第二备选资源标识符相对应的DNS查询的产生和处理；
图7是图1的内容传递环境的框图，示出了从客户计算设备到内容传递网络服务提供商的嵌入式资源请求的产生和处理；以及
图8的流程图示出了由内容传递网络服务提供商使用一系列备选资源标识符来实现的请求路由例程。
具体实施方式
一般而言，本公开涉及诸如内容传递网络(“CDN”)服务提供商之类的网络资源对来自与内容请求相对应的客户计算设备的DNS查询进行路由。具体地，将关于以下内容来描述本公开的不同方面：客户计算设备使用一个或多个备选资源标识符，在内容传递网络服务提供商域内，对DNS查询的路由。尽管通过示例和实施例来描述本公开的不同方面，但本领域技术人员将应该理解所公开的实施例和示例不应被理解为是限制性的。
图1示出了用于管理和处理内容请求的内容传递环境100的框图。如图1所示，内容传递环境100包括用于向内容提供商和/或CDN服务提供商请求内容的多个客户计算设备102(通常称作客户端)。在说明性实施例中，客户计算设备102可以对应于多种计算设备，包括个人计算设备、膝上型计算设备、手持计算设备、终端计算设备、移动设备、无线设备、多种电子设备和装置等等。在说明性实施例中，客户计算设备102包括用于在诸如广域网或局域网等通信网络108上建立通信的必要硬件和软件组件。例如，客户计算设备102可以配备有便于经由互联网或内联网来通信的连网装置和浏览器软件应用。
尽管图1中没有示出，每个客户计算设备102使用某种类型的本地DNS解析器组件，如，DNS名称服务器，该本地DNS解析器组件产生属于客户计算设备的DNS查询。在一个实施例中，本地DNS解析器组件可以由客户计算设备102所属的企业网来提供。在另一实施例中，本地DNS解析器组件可以由互联网服务提供商(ISP)来提供，互联网服务提供商(ISP)向客户计算设备102提供网络连接。
内容传递环境100还可以包括内容提供商104，内容提供商104经由通信网络108与一个或多个客户计算设备102通信。图1所示的内容提供商104与跟内容提供商相关联的一个或多个计算设备的逻辑关联性相对应。具体地，内容提供商104可以包括web服务器组件110，web服务器组件110与用于获得和处理来自客户计算设备102的对内容(如，网页)的请求的一个或多个服务器计算设备相对应。内容提供商104还可以包括原始服务器组件112和关联的存储组件114，原始服务器组件112和关联的存储组件114与用于获得和处理来自CDN服务提供商的对网络资源的请求的一个或多个计算设备相对应。相关领域技术人员应理解，内容提供商104可以与多种附加计算资源相关联，如，用于内容和资源管理的附加计算设备、DNS名称服务器等等。例如，尽管图1中未示出，然而内容提供商104可以一个或多个DNS名称服务器相关联，所述一个或多个DNS名称服务器将有权解析与内容提供商的域相对应的客户计算设备DNS查询。
继续参考图1，内容传递环境100还可以包括CDN服务提供商106，CDN服务提供商106经由通信网络108与一个或多个客户计算设备102和内容提供商104通信。图1所示的CDN服务提供商106与跟CDN服务提供商相关联的一个或多个计算设备的逻辑关联性相对应。具体地，CDN服务提供商106可以包括与通信网络108上的结点相对应的多个存在点(“POP”)位置116、122。每个POP116、122还包括DNS组件118、124、130，DNS组件118、124、130由用于对来自客户计算机102的DNS查询进行解析的多个DNS服务器计算设备构成。每个POP116、122、128还包括资源高速缓存组件120、126、132，资源高速缓存组件120、126、132用于存储来自内容提供商的资源并将所请求的不同资源发送至不同客户计算机。DNS组件118、124、130和资源高速缓存组件120、126、132还可以包括便于通信的附加软件和/或硬件组件，包括但不限于负载平衡或负载共享软件/硬件组件。
在说明性实施例中，认为DNS组件118、124、130和资源高速缓存组件120、126、132是被逻辑分组的，而不管组件或组件的部分是否是物理分离的。此外，尽管POP 116、122、128在图1中被示为逻辑地与CDN提供商106相关联，然而POP以最适合客户计算设备102的各种人口统计特征的方式，在地理上遍及通信网络108而分布。此外，相关领域技术人员应理解，CDN服务提供商106可以与多种附加计算资源相关联，如，用于内容和资源管理的附加计算设备等。
现在参考图2至7，将示出图1的内容传递环境100的不同组件之间的交互。然而，为示例的目的，图已经被简化，使得许多用于便于通信的组件并没有被示出。相关领域技术人员应理解，可以使用这种组件，相应地在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下，将发生另外的交互。
参考图2，将描述内容提供商104向CDN服务提供商106的注册的说明性交互。如图2所示，CDN内容注册过程开始于内容提供商104向CDN服务提供商106的注册。在说明性实施例中，内容提供商104利用注册应用程序界面(“API”)来向CDN服务提供商106注册，使得CDN服务提供商106可以代表内容提供商104来提供内容。注册API包括内容提供商104的原始服务器112的标识，内容提供商104将把所请求的资源提供给CDN服务提供商106。
相关领域技术人员应理解，当识别合适的原始服务器112时，内容提供商104可以开始将来自客户计算设备102的对内容的请求发往CDN服务提供商106。具体地，根据DNS路由原则，与资源标识符相对应的客户计算设备请求最终将被发往与CDN服务提供商106相关联的POP 116、122、128。如果所选择的POP的资源高速缓存组件120、126、132没有客户计算设备102所请求的资源的副本，则资源高速缓存组件将向先前由内容提供商104所注册的原始服务器112请求资源。
继续参考图2，当接收注册API时，CDN服务提供商106获取并处理注册信息。在说明性实施例中，CDN服务提供商106可以产生将由客户计算设备102使用的附加信息作为内容请求的一部分。附加信息可以包括而不限于客户标识符(如，客户标识码)、内容提供商标识符(如，内容提供商标识码)、用于处理资源标识符的可执行代码(如，基于脚本的指令)等等。相关领域技术人员应理解的是，不同类型的附加信息可以由CDN服务提供商106产生，并且附加信息可以以任何一种格式来体现。
CDN服务提供商106向内容提供商104返回CDN服务提供商的可应用域的标识(除非先前已经为提供过了)以及任何附加信息。内容提供商104可以利用内容提供商特定信息来处理所存储的内容。在一个示例中，如图2所示，内容提供商104将最初发往原始服务器112的域的资源标识符变换到与CDN服务提供商相对应的域。变换后的URL嵌入所请求的内容，使得变换后的URL的DNS查询将解析到与CDN服务提供商106相对应的DNS服务器而不是与内容提供商104相对应的DNS服务器。尽管图2示出了变换过程，然而在一些实施例中，可以以以下更详细地描述的方式省略变换过程。
通常，最初发往内容提供商104的资源的标识将是可以由客户计算设备102(如，通过浏览器软件应用)来处理的资源标识符的形式的。在说明性实施例中，资源标识符可以是统一资源定位符(“URL”)的形式的。因为资源标识符包括在发往所提供的内容的所请求内容中，所以资源标识符通常可以称作“内容提供商URL”。为说明性示例的目的，内容提供商URL可以标识内容提供商104的域(例如contentprovider.com)、要请求的资源的名称(例如“resource.xxx”)以及在其中将找到资源的路径(例如“path”)。在该说明性实施例中，内容提供商URL具有以下形式：
http://www.contentprovider.com/path/resource.xxx
在说明性变换过程期间，修改内容提供商URL，使得对与变换后的URL相关联的资源的请求解析到与CDN服务提供商106相关联的POP。在一个实施例中，变换后的URL标识CDN服务提供商106的域(例如“cdnprovider.com”)、要请求的资源的相同名称(例如“resource.xxx”)以及在其中将找到资源的相同路径(例如“path”)。此外，原始URL可以包括附加处理信息(例如“additional information”)。原始URL可以具有以下形式：
http://additional_information.cdnprovider.com/path/resources.xxx
在另一实施例中，与CDN服务提供商106相关联的信息包括在修改后的URL中(例如通过预先计划或其他技术)，使得变换后的URL可以保留与原始URL相关联的所有信息。在该实施例中，变换后的URL可以具有以下形式：
http://additional_information.cdnprovider.com/www.contentprovider. com/path/resource.xxx
现在参考图3，在图2所示的注册和变换过程完成之后，客户计算设备102随后产生由内容提供商104(例如通过web服务器110)接收和处理的内容请求。根据说明性实施例，对内容的请求可以根据公共网络协议，例如超文本传送协议(“HTTP”)。当接收到内容请求时，内容提供商104标识合适的响应内容。在说明性实施例中，所请求的内容可以与经由信息处理(例如超文本置标语言(“HTML”)、可扩展置标语言(“XML”)等等)显示在客户计算设备102上的网页相对应。所请求的内容还可以包括上述多个嵌入式资源标识符，所述嵌入式资源标识符与应该作为所请求内容的处理的一部分由客户计算设备102获得的资源对象相对应。嵌入式资源标识符通常可以称作原始资源标识符或原始URL。
当接收到所请求的内容时，客户计算设备102例如经由浏览器软件应用开始处理包括在内容中的任何置标码并尝试获取由嵌入式资源标识符标识的资源。因此，获取内容的第一步骤对应于客户计算设备102(通过其本地DNS解析器)发起针对原始URL资源标识符的DNS查询，这使得识别出对于变换后的URL的“.”和“com”部分而言是有权威的DNS服务器。在解析嵌入式URL的“.”和“com”部分之后，然后客户计算设备102发起对资源URL的DNS查询，这使得识别出对嵌入式URL的“.cdnprovider”部分而言是有权威的DNS服务器。与URL的“.”和“com”部分相对应的DNS查询的发起是公知并且没有示出。
现在参考图4，在说明性实施例中，原始URL的“cdnprovider”部分的成功解析标识了与CDN服务提供商106相关联的DNS服务器的网络地址(如，IP地址)。在一个实施例中，IP地址是对POP的DNS服务器组件而言唯一的特定网络地址。在另一实施例中，IP地址可以被一个或多个POP共享。在该实施例中，对共享的IP地址的DNS查询使用一到多网络路由方案(如，任播)，这种特定的POP将根据网络拓扑来接收请求。例如，在任播实现中，客户计算设备102向共享IP地址发起的DNS查询将到达逻辑上与客户计算设备具有最短网络拓扑距离(常常称作网络跃距)的DNS服务器组件。网络拓扑距离不必须与地理距离相对应。然而，在一些实施例中，可以推断网络拓扑距离是客户计算设备102与POP之间的最短网络距离。
继续参考图4，在上述任一实施例(或任何其他实施例)中，POP116的DNS组件118中的特定DNS服务器从客户计算设备102接收与原始URL相对应的DNS查询。一旦DNS组件118中的DNS服务器之一接收到请求，特定的DNS服务器就尝试解析请求。在说明性实施例中，特定的DNS服务器可以通过标识将处理对所请求资源的请求的高速缓存服务器组件的IP地址，来解析DNS查询。如上所述，所选择的资源高速缓存组件可以通过在可能的情况下提供所请求的资源，或者通过尝试从另一来源(例如对等高速缓存服务器计算设备或内容提供商104的原始服务器112)获得所请求的资源，来处理请求。
作为选择高速缓存服务器组件的替代，CDN服务提供商106可以维持不同的备选资源标识符组。CDN服务提供商106可以将备选资源标识符提供给客户计算设备102，使得备选资源标识符上的后续DNS查询将解析到CDN服务提供商的网络内不同的DNS服务器组件。在说明性实施例中，备选资源标识符是一个或多个规范名(“CNAME”)记录的形式的。在一个实施例中，每个CNAME记录标识了CDN服务提供商106的域(例如“cdnprovider.com”或“cdnprovider-1.com”)。如以下将更详细描述的，CNAME中的域不需要与在原始URL中或先前的CNAME记录中找到的域是相同的域。另外，每个CNAME记录包括附加信息，如，请求路由信息(例如“request routing information”)。说明性CNAME记录可以具有以下形式：
http://request_routing_information.cdnprovider.com
在说明性实施例中，CNAME记录由DNS服务器产生和提供，以发往CDN服务提供商106的更合适的DNS服务器。如根据本公开所使用的，合适性可以由CDN服务提供商106对于不同目的以任何方法来限定。在一个示例中，CDN服务提供商106可以尝试根据地理标准将DNS查询发往DNS服务器。地理标准可以与在CDN服务提供商106与内容提供商104之间订立的基于地理的区域服务计划相对应，在基于地理的区域服务计划中不同CDN服务提供商106POP被分组成地理区域。因此，在不与内容提供商的区域计划相对应的区域中接收到的客户计算设备102DNS查询可以由在与内容提供商区域计划相对应的区域中的DNS服务器来更好地处理。在该示例中，DNS服务器组件118还可以从客户(例如由客户计算设备或ISP提供的信息)或间接地(例如通过客户计算设备的IP地址来推断的)获取地理信息。
在另一示例中，CDN服务提供商106可以尝试根据服务水平标准来将DNS查询发往DNS服务器。服务水平标准可以与在CDN服务提供商106和内容提供商104之间订立的服务或性能度量相对应。性能度量的示例可以包括CDN服务提供商POP与客户计算设备102之间的数据传输的等待时间、CDN服务提供商POP代表内容提供商104而提供的总数据、数据传输的错误率等等。
在另一示例中，CDN服务提供商106可以尝试根据网络性能标准将DNS查询发往DNS服务器。网络性能标准可以与用于从CDN服务提供商POP向客户计算设备102发送数据的网络性能的测量相对应。网络性能度量的示例可以包括网络数据传递等待时间(由客户计算设备或CDN服务提供商106来测量)、网络数据错误率等等。
根据说明性实施例，DNS服务器维持对不同原始URL的CNAME记录加以限定的数据存储。如果与具体的原始URL相对应的DNS查询与数据存储中的条目相匹配，则DNS服务器组件118返回如数据存储中所限定的CNAME记录。在说明性实施例中，数据存储可以包括与具体的原始URL相对应的多个CNAME记录。多个CNAME记录将限定可以返回给客户计算设备的可能候选集合。在这种实施例中，DNS服务器组件118可以直接地或经由基于网络的服务，在从可能的CNAME集合选择合适的CNAME的过程中，实现附加的逻辑。在说明性实施例中，每个DNS服务器组件118、124、130维持限定CNAME记录的相同数据存储，相同数据存储可以由CDN服务提供商106集中管理。备选地，每个DNS服务器组件118、124、130可以具有限定CNAME记录的POP特定数据存储，POP特定数据存储可以由CDN服务提供商106集中管理，或者在POP 116、122、128本地管理。
返回的CNAME还可以包括与当前DNS查询的URL/CNAME中提供的信息不同或是其补充的请求路由信息。例如，如果CNAME选择基于区域计划，则可以在特定的CNAME记录的“request_routing_information”部分中标识特定的区域计划。可以使用类似方法，通过将特定标识符包括在CNAME记录的“request_routing_information”部分中来标识服务水平计划和文件管理。在另一实施例中，可以在与当前URL/CNAME中找到的域不同的CDN服务提供商106域的标识中找到请求路由信息。例如，如果CNAME基于区域计划，则特定的区域计划域(例如“cdnprovider-region1.com”)可以用在特定CNAME记录的域名部分中。在当前URL/CNAME中，可以先于请求路由信息考虑任何附加的请求路由信息，使得先前的请求路由信息不会丢失(例如“http://serviceplan.regionalplan.cdnprovider.com”)。相关领域技术人员应理解，附加的或备选的技术和/或技术的结合可以用于将附加的请求路由信息包括在由DNS服务器组件118选择的CNAME记录中。
继续参考图4，相关领域技术人员应理解，DNS服务器组件118可以选择(或获取)用于解析到CDN服务提供商106的更合适的DNS服务器的CNAME记录。然而，相同的服务器也可以对于要提供给客户计算设备的CNAME的后续DNS查询是有权威的。例如，特定的DNS服务器可以对于特定的区域计划和服务水平计划都是有权威的。因此，返回CNAME将仍然引起达到相同DNS查询的DNS查询(可以部分地由于客户计算设备的地理)。在这种实施例中，DNS服务器(如，DNS服务器组件118)可以选择预先解析另外的DNS查询。
现在参考图5，当接收到来自DNS服务器组件118的CNAME时，客户计算设备102产生与CNAME相对应的后续DNS查询。如先前参考图4所述，DNS查询过程可以首先以“.”和“com”部分的DNS查询开始，随后是CNAME的“cdnprovider”部分的查询。然而，在先前的DNS查询的结果可以被高速缓存(并保持有效)的程度上，客户计算设备102可以使用存储起来的信息而不需要重复整个过程。然而，在某些时候，根据DNS服务器组件118(图4)提供的CNAME与先前的URL/CNAME是否共享共同的CDN服务提供商域，解析到CDN服务提供商106提供的不同的POP。如图5所示，基于DNS服务器组件118先前提供的当前CNAME中的不同信息，目前POP 122的DNS服务器组件124是有权威的。如先前所述，DNS服务器组件124可以确定是否利用将处理内容请求的高速缓存组件的IP地址来解析CNAME上的DNS查询，或者是否提供以上述方式选择的另一备选资源标识符。
为图示的目的，假定DNS服务器组件118确定，与当前CNAME(由DNS服务器组组件116提供的)相对应的DNS查询也与该DNS服务器组件118的数据存储中的CNAME记录相对应。在这种示例中，DNS服务器组件124将作出任何必要的处理以选择特定的CNAME并将CNAME返回给客户计算设备。现在参考图6，客户计算设备102现在将发送与DNS服务器组件124(图5)提供的CNAME相对应的第二后续DNS查询。根据已经描述的DNS查询过程，DNS查询将示例性地由POP 128的DNS服务器组件130接收。再次地，DNS服务器组件130可以确定是否利用将处理内容请求的高速缓存组件的IP地址来解析CNAME上的DNS查询，或者是否提供以上述方式选择的另一备选资源标识符。在该示例中，DNS服务器组件130返回IP地址。
在说明性实施例中，DNS服务器组件(如，DNS服务器组件130)可以在选择资源高速缓存组件中使用多种信息。在一个示例中，DNS服务器组件可以默认选择相同POP的资源高速缓存组件。在另一示例中，DNS服务器组件可以基于不同的负载平衡或负载共享算法来选择资源高速缓存组件。此外，DNS服务器组件可以使用网络性能度量或测量来分派特定的资源高速缓存组件。由DNS服务器组件选择的IP地址可以与资源高速缓存中特定的存储服务器相对应。备选地，IP地址可以与硬件/软件选择组件(如，负载平衡器)相对应。
现在参考图7，在说明性示例中，假定DNS服务器组件130已经选择了POP 128的资源高速缓存组件132。当接收到用于资源高速缓存组件132的IP地址时，客户计算设备102向资源高速缓存组件132发送针对请求内容的请求。资源高速缓存组件132以上述方式处理请求并将所请求的内容发送至客户计算设备102。
现在参考图8，将描述由CDN提供商106实现的请求例程800。相关领域技术人员应理解，例程800所概述的动作/步骤可以由与CDN服务提供商106相关联的一个或多个计算设备/组件来执实现。因此，例程800在逻辑关系上如同由CDN服务提供商106来执行一样。
在框802中，DNS服务器组件118、124、130之一接收与资源标识符相对应的DNS查询。如先前所述，资源标识符可以是已经嵌入由客户计算设备102请求并由内容提供商104先前提供的的内容中URL。备选地，资源标识符也可以与内容提供商DNS服务器响应于先前从客户计算设备102接收的DNS查询而提供的CNAME相对应。在判定框804中，进行测试以确定当前的DNS服务器是否有权解析DNS查询。在说明性实施例中，如果没有与接收到的资源标识符相对应的CNAME，则DNS服务器可以确定其是否有权解析DNS查询。也可以实践备选的或附加的方法以确定DNS服务器是否是有权威的。
如果当前的DNS服务器是有权威的(包括确定相同DNS服务器将对于后续DNS查询是有权威的)，则当前的DNS服务器通过返回高速缓存服务器组件的IP地址来解析DNS查询。以非限制性方式，先前已经讨论了选择合适资源高速缓存组件的多种方法。此外，如上所述，IP地址可以与资源高速缓存组件的特定高速缓存服务器相对应，或通常与高速缓存服务器组相对应。
备选地，如果在判定框804处DNS服务器不是有权威的，则在框808，DNS服务器组件选择并发送备选的资源标识符。如上所述，DNS服务器组件可以使用数据存储根据当前DNS查询来标识合适的CNAME。此外，DNS服务器组件还可以实现附加的逻辑处理以从潜在CNAME集合中选择。在框810，不同的DNS服务器组件118、124、130接收与CNAME相对应的DNS查询。然后例程800返回至判定框804并视情况继续重复。
尽管公开和讨论了说明性实施例，然而相关领域技术人员应理解，可以在本发明的精神和范围之内实现附加的或备选的实施例。此外，尽管已指出许多实施例是说明性的，然而相关领域技术人员应理解，说明性实施例不需要组合或一起实现。这样，根据本公开的变体的范围，一些说明性实施例是不需要被使用或实现的。
诸如“能够”、“可能”或“可以”等条件式语言，除非特别声明或在上下文中理解，否则通常用于表达的意思是：特定实施例包括特定的特性、元件和/或步骤，而其他实施例不包括。因此，这种条件式语言通常并不表示一个或多个实施例无论如何需要这些特性、元件和/或步骤，也不表示一个或多个实施例有必要包括用于在有或没有用户输入或提示的情况下判定是否包括或在任何具体实施例中执行这些特性、元件和/或步骤的逻辑。
本文所描述的和/或附图中描绘的流程图中的任何过程描述、元件或块应当被理解为，可以表示代码的模块、片段或部分，代码的模块、片段或部分包括用于在过程中实现特定逻辑功能或步骤的一个或多个可执行指令。本领域技术人员应理解，备选的实现在此包括本文描述的实施例的范围之内，其中，根据涉及的功能，元件或功能可以被删除或不按所示或所述的顺序来执行，包括实质上同时执行或按相反顺序来执行。还应理解，可以使用与存储计算机可执行组件的计算机可读介质(如，CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、或网络接口)相关联的驱动机制，将上述数据和/或组件存储在计算机可读介质上并加载到计算设备的存储器中，此外，组件和/或数据可以包括在单一设备中或以任何方式分布。因此，通用计算设备可以被配置为，通过执行和/或处理上述不同数据和/或组件，来执行本公开的处理、算法和方法。
应强调的是，可以对上述实施例做出许多变化和修改，变化和修改的元素应被理解为在其他可接受的示例中。这里所有这样的修改和变化在本公开的范围之内并且且由权利要求来保护。
条款1.一种请求路由方法，包括：
在第一DNS服务器中从客户计算设备获取DNS查询，其中，DNS查询与跟内容提供商提供的原始资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第一DNS服务器与不同于内容提供商的内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
确定第一DNS服务器是否对于DNS查询是有权威的；
如果确定DNS服务器不是有权威的，则基于与客户计算设备和内容提供商相关联的信息获取备选资源标识符，其中备选资源标识符包括用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息，以及不包括在原始资源标识符中的请求路由信息；
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备；
在第二DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取后续DNS查询，其中后续DNS查询与内容传递网络服务提供商提供的备选资源标识符相对应，第二DNS服务器与不同于内容提供商的内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
确定第二DNS服务器是否对于后续DNS查询是有权威的；以及
如果第二DNS服务器对于第二DNS查询是有权威的，则选择用于提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的高速缓存组件；以及
发送标识了在确定第二DNS服务器是有权威时所选的高速缓存组件的信息。
条款2.如条款1所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符与内容提供商提供的统一资源定位符相对应，使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
条款3.如条款1所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符与内容提供商先前提供的备选资源标识符相对应，使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
条款4.如条款1所述的方法，其中，备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
条款5.如条款1所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符和备选资源标识符包括标识与内容传递服务提供商相对应的相同域的信息。
条款6.如条款1所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符包括标识与内容传递服务提供商相对应的第一域的信息，备选资源标识符包括标识与内容传递服务提供商相对应的第二域的信息。
条款7.如条款1所述的方法，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括区域服务信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的区域服务计划的信息。
条款8.如条款1所述的方法，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括服务水平信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的服务水平计划的信息。
条款9.如条款1所述的方法，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括与所请求内容相对应的文件信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的文件处理计划的信息。
条款10.如条款1所述的方法，其中，与客户计算设备相关联的信息与客户计算设备的地理位置相对应。
条款11.如条款1所述的方法，还包括：
如果确定第二DNS服务器对后续DNS查询不是有权威的，则基于与客户计算设备和内容提供商相关联的信息获取第二备选资源标识符，其中，第二备选资源标识符包括用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息和不包括在原始资源标识符或备选资源标识符中的请求路由信息；
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备；
在第三DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取第二后续DNS查询，其中，第二后续DNS查询与有内容传递网络服务提供商提供的第二备选资源标识符相对应，第三DNS服务器与不同于内容提供商的内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
确定第三DNS服务器是否对于第二随后DNS查询是有权威的；以及
如果第三DNS服务器对于第二随后DNS查询是有权威的，则选择用于提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的高速缓存组件；以及
发送标识了在确定第三DNS服务器对于第二随后DNS查询是有权威时所选的高速缓存组件的信息。
条款12.如条款1所述的方法，还包括：
从客户计算设备获取对所请求内容的请求；
响应于来自客户计算设备的请求从所选的高速缓存组件发送所请求的内容。
条款13.如条款1所述的方法，其中，标识所选的高速缓存组件的信息包括与所选的高速缓存组件相对应的网络地址。
条款14.一种请求路由方法，包括：
在第一DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取DNS查询，其中，DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第一DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联；
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备，其中，备选资源标识符包括用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息以及不包括在第一资源标识符中的补充请求路由信息；
在第二DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取后续DNS查询，其中，后续DNS查询与内容传递网络服务提供商提供的备选资源标识符相对应，第二DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
在第二DNS服务器处解析后续DNS查询，以识别用于提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的高速缓存组件；以及
将标识所识别的高速缓存组件的信息发送至客户计算设备。
条款15.如条款8所述的方法，其中，第一资源标识符与统一资源定位符相对应，使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
条款16.如条款8所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符与备选资源标识符相对应，使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
条款17.如条款8所述的方法，其中，备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
条款18.如条款8所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符和备选资源标识符包括标识与内容传递服务提供商相对应的相同域的信息。
条款19.如条款8所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符包括标识与内容传递服务提供商相对应的第一域的信息，备选资源标识符包括标识与内容传递服务提供商相对应的第二域的信息。
条款20.如条款8所述的方法，其中，确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联包括：
获取与跟所请求的内容相关联的内容提供商相对应的资源路由信息；
根据与跟所请求的内容相关联的内容提供商相对应的资源路由信息，来选择备选资源标识符。
条款21.如条款11所述的方法，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括区域服务信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的区域服务计划的信息。
条款22.如条款11所述的方法，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括服务水平信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的服务水平计划的信息。
条23.如条款11所述的方法，还包括：获取与跟DNS查询相关联的客户计算设备相对应的资源路由信息。
条款24.一种请求路由系统，包括：
与内容传递网络服务提供商相关联的第一网络存在点，其中，第一网络存在点包括从客户计算设备接收DNS查询的DNS服务器组件，DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第一网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于：
确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联；以及
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备，其中，备选资源标识符包括：用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息，以及不包括在第一资源标识符中的补充的请求路由信息；
与内容传递网络服务提供商相关联的第二网络存在点，其中，第二网络存在点包括从客户计算设备接收后续DNS查询的DNS服务器组件，后续DNS查询与跟备选资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第二网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于：
解析后续DNS查询，以识别用于提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的高速缓存组件；以及
将标识所识别的高速缓存组件的信息发送至客户计算设备。
条款25.如条款12所述的系统，其中，原始资源标识符与内容提供商提供的统一资源定位符相对应，使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
条款26.如条款12所述的系统，其中，备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
条款27.如条款12所述的系统，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括区域服务信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的区域服务计划的信息。
条款28.如条款12所述的系统，其中，第一网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于获取与内容提供商相关联的信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的服务水平计划的信息。
条款29.如条款12所述的系统，其中，第一网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于获取与内容提供商相关联的信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的文件处理计划的信息。
条款30.如条款12所述的系统，其中，第一网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于获取与客户计算设备的地理位置相对应的信息。
条款31.如条款12所述的系统，其中，标识所识别的高速缓存组件的、至客户计算设备的信息包括：在第二网络存在点中的高速缓存组件的网络地址。
条款32.如条款12所述的系统，其中，标识所识别的高速缓存组件的、至客户计算设备的信息包括：在另一网络存在点中的高速缓存组件的网络地址。

Claims (15)

1.一种请求路由方法，包括：
在第一DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取DNS查询，其中，DNS查询与跟内容提供商提供的原始资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第一DNS服务器与不同于内容提供商的内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
确定第一DNS服务器对于DNS查询是否是有权威的；
如果确定DNS服务器不是有权威的，则基于与客户计算设备和内容提供商相关联的信息，获取备选资源标识符，其中备选资源标识符包括用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息、以及不包括在原始资源标识符中的请求路由信息；
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备；
在第二DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取后续DNS查询，其中，后续DNS查询与内容传递网络服务提供商提供的备选资源标识符相对应，第二DNS服务器与不同于内容提供商的内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
确定第二DNS服务器对于后续DNS查询是否是有权威的；以及
如果第二DNS服务器对于第二DNS查询是有权威的，则选择用于提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的高速缓存组件；以及
发送标识了在确定第二DNS服务器是有权威时所选的高速缓存组件的信息。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符与内容提供商提供的统一资源定位符相对应，使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括区域服务信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的区域服务计划的信息。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，与内容提供商相关联的信息包括服务水平信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的服务水平计划的信息。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，与客户计算设备相关联的信息与客户计算设备的地理位置相对应。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
从客户计算设备获取对所请求的内容的请求；以及
响应于来自客户计算设备的请求，从所选的高速缓存组件发送所请求的内容。
8.一种请求路由方法，包括：
在第一DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取DNS查询，其中，DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第一DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联；
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备，其中，备选资源标识符包括用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息、以及不包括在第一资源标识符中的补充请求路由信息；
在第二DNS服务器处从客户计算设备获取后续DNS查询，其中，后续DNS查询与内容传递网络服务提供商提供的备选资源标识符相对应，第二DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应；
在第二DNS服务器处解析后续DNS查询，以识别用于提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的高速缓存组件；以及
将标识所识别的高速缓存组件的信息发送至客户计算设备。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符与备选资源标识符相对应，使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，原始资源标识符和备选资源标识符包括标识与内容传递服务提供商相对应的相同的域的信息。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联包括：
获取与跟所请求的内容相关联的内容提供商相对应的资源路由信息；
根据与跟所请求的内容相关联的内容提供商相对应的资源路由信息，来选择备选资源标识符。
12.一种请求路由系统，包括：
与内容传递网络服务提供商相关联的第一网络存在点，其中，第一网络存在点包括从客户计算设备接收DNS查询的DNS服务器组件，DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第一网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于：
确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联；以及
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备，其中，备选资源标识符包括用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息、以及不包括在第一资源标识符中的补充请求路由信息；
与内容传递网络服务提供商相关联的第二网络存在点，其中，第二网络存在点包括从客户计算设备接收后续DNS查询的DNS服务器组件，后续DNS查询与跟备选资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应，第二网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于：
解析后续DNS查询，以识别用于提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的高速缓存组件；以及
将标识所识别的高速缓存组件的信息发送至客户计算设备。
13.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中，备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
14.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中，第一网络存在点中的DNS服务器操作用于获取与内容提供商相关联的信息，备选资源标识符包括标识由内容传递网络服务提供商提供的服务水平计划的信息。
15.如权利要求12所述的系统，其中，标识所识别的高速缓存组件的、至客户计算设备的信息包括另一网络存在点中的高速缓存组件的网络地址。
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US9479476B2 (en) 2016-10-25
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US20120173677A1 (en) 2012-07-05
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