CN102077189B - 使用网络计算组件的请求路由 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
- G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
- G06F9/4416—Network booting; Remote initial program loading [RIPL]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4505—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
- H04L61/4511—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4552—Lookup mechanisms between a plurality of directories; Synchronisation of directories, e.g. metadirectories
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
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- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
- H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F8/00—Arrangements for software engineering
- G06F8/60—Software deployment
- G06F8/65—Updates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
Abstract
本发明提供了一种请求路由的系统、方法和计算机可读介质。内容传递网络服务提供商处的DNS服务器获取与客户计算设备请求并且与第一资源标识符相关联的资源相对应的DNS查询。第一资源标识符包括具有DNS信息的第一部分以及具有路径信息的第二部分。DNS服务器基于资源标识符的DNS部分来选择用于对所请求的资源进行处理的网络计算组件,并将对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息发送至客户计算设备。
Description
背景技术
一般而言,可以利用计算设备和通信网络来交换信息。在通常应用中,计算设备可以经由通信网络向另一计算设备请求内容。例如,个人计算设备处的用户可以利用软件浏览器应用,经由互联网向服务器计算设备请求网页。在这种情况下,用户计算设备可以称作客户计算设备,服务器计算设备可以称作内容提供商。
通常,考虑到向客户计算设备有效地发送所请求的内容和/或考虑到与内容的发送相关联的成本,一般促使内容提供商将所请求的内容提供给客户计算设备。对于大规模的实现,内容提供商可以从大量的客户计算设备接收内容请求,大量的客户计算设备可以使内容提供商的计算资源紧张。另外,客户计算设备所请求的内容可以具有多个组成部分,这些组成部分可以进一步使内容提供商的计算资源紧张。
参考示意性示例,所请求的网页或原始内容可以与将随网页一起显示的多个附加资源(如,图像或视频)相关联。在一个具体实施例中,网页的附加资源由多个嵌入式资源标识符(如,统一资源定位符“URL”)来标识。客户计算设备上的软件典型地处理嵌入式资源标识符以产生对内容的请求。通常,与嵌入式资源相关的资源标识符引用与内容提供商相关联的计算设备,使得客户计算设备向所引用的内容提供商计算设备发送对附加资源的请求。因此,为满足内容请求,内容提供商将为客户计算设备提供与网页相关联的数据以及与嵌入式资源相关联的数据。
一些内容提供商尝试通过使用内容传递网络(“CDN”)服务提供商来便于传送对所请求的内容(如,网页和/或在网页中标识的资源)。CDN服务器提供商典型地在通信网络中维持多个计算设备,通信网络可以维持来自不同内容提供商的内容。内容提供商可以命令或者建议客户计算设备向CDN服务提供商的计算设备请求内容提供商的内容的一些或者全部。
参考前述示意性示例,内容提供商可以通过修改或替换与嵌入式资源相关联的资源标识符来影响CDN服务提供商。具体地,资源标识符可以引用与CDN服务提供商相关联的计算设备,使得客户计算设备向所引用的CDN服务提供商计算设备发送对附加资源的请求。典型地,内容提供商通过将CDN提供商特定资源标识符包含在所请求的内容(例如,网页)中来便于CDN提供商的使用。该方法通常与在从客户计算设备接收到对原始内容的请求之前由内容提供商实现的“离线”过程相对应。相应地,对资源标识符的修改(例如,提供相同的CDN服务提供商的备选的资源标识符,以提供在处理对内容的请求的过程中由CDN服务提供商使用的附加信息,和/或标识备选的CDN服务提供商)可能会变得无效,因为这些修改典型地需要内容提供商实现的“离线”过程。
关于内容提供商,通常考虑到向客户计算设备有效地发送所请求的内容和/或考虑到与内容的发送相关联的成本,一般同样促使CDN提供商向客户计算设备提供所请求的内容。因此,CDN服务提供商常常考虑例诸如传递所请求内容的等待时间等因素,以便满足服务水平协定或总体上提高传递服务的质量。
附图说明
参考以下的详细说明并结合附图,本发明的上述方面和许多伴随的优点将变得更容易理解,在附图中:
图1示出了包括多个客户计算设备、内容提供商、内容传递网络服务提供商以及网络计算和存储提供商的内容传递环境的框图;
图2是图1的内容传递环境的框图,示出了内容提供商向内容传递服务提供商的注册;
图3是图1的内容传递环境的框图,示出了从客户计算设备到内容提供商的内容请求的产生和处理;
图4是图1的内容传递环境的框图,示出了从客户计算设备到内容传递网络服务提供商的与嵌入式资源相对应的DNS查询的产生和处理的一个实施例;
图5A-5C是图1的内容传递环境的框图,示出了从客户计算设备到内容传递网络服务提供商的与嵌入式资源相对应的DNS查询的产生和处理、以及从客户计算设备到内容传递网络的与第一和第二备选资源标识符相对应的DNS查询的产生和处理的另一实施例;
图6A-6B是图1的内容传递环境的框图,示出了从客户计算设备到内容传递网络服务提供商的嵌入式资源请求的产生和处理;
图7示出了由内容传递网络服务提供商实现以选择高速缓存服务器或网络计算组件的请求路由例程的流程图;以及
图8示出了由内容传递网络服务提供商实现以选择高速缓存服务器或网络计算组件的请求路由例程的流程图。
具体实施方式
一般而言,本公开涉及经由内容传递网络(“CDN”)从客户计算设备向网络计算组件路由DNS查询,以处理与该DNS查询相关联的所请求的内容。具体地,将关于使用一个或多个资源标识符在CDN服务提供商域内路由客户计算设备DNS查询,来描述本公开的不同方面,其中在资源标识符的DNS部分中包括应用标识符。尽管通过示例和实施例来描述本公开的不同方面,但相关领域技术人员应理解,所公开的实施例和示例不应被理解为是限制性的。
图1示出了用于管理和处理内容请求的内容传递环境100的框图。如图1所示,内容传递环境100包括用于向内容提供商和/或CDN服务提供商请求内容的多个客户计算设备102(通常称作客户端)。在示意性实施例中,客户计算设备102可以对应于多种计算设备,包括个人计算设备、膝上型计算设备、手持计算设备、终端计算设备、移动设备、无线设备、多种电子设备和装置等等。在示意性实施例中,客户计算设备102包括用于在诸如广域网或局域网等通信网络108上建立通信的必要硬件和软件组件。例如,客户计算设备102可以配备有便于经由互联网或内联网来通信的连网装置和浏览器软件应用。
尽管图1中没有示出,每个客户计算设备102使用某种类型的本地DNS解析器组件,如,DNS名称服务器,该本地DNS解析器组件产生由客户计算设备引起的DNS查询。在一个实施例中,本地DNS解析器组件可以由客户计算设备102所属的企业网来提供。在另一实施例中,本地DNS解析器组件可以由互联网服务提供商(ISP)来提供,互联网服务提供商(ISP)向客户计算设备102提供通信网络连接。
内容传递环境100还可以包括内容提供商104,内容提供商104经由通信网络108与一个或多个客户计算设备102通信。图1所示的内容提供商104与跟内容提供商相关联的一个或多个计算设备的逻辑关联性相对应。具体地,内容提供商104可以包括web服务器组件110,web服务器组件110与用于获得和处理来自客户计算设备102的对内容(如,网页)的请求的一个或多个服务器计算设备相对应。内容提供商104还可以包括原始服务器组件112和关联的存储组件114,原始服务器组件112和关联的存储组件114与用于获得和处理来自CDN服务提供商的对网络资源的请求的一个或多个计算设备相对应。内容提供商104还可以包括用于处理流内容请求的应用服务器计算设备111,如,数据流服务器。相关领域技术人员应理解,内容提供商104可以与多种附加计算资源相关联,如,用于管理内容和资源的附加计算设备、DNS名称服务器等。例如,尽管图1中未示出,然而内容提供商104可以与一个或多个DNS名称服务器组件相关联,所述一个或多个DNS名称服务器组件将有权解析与内容提供商的域相对应的客户计算设备DNS查询。
继续参考图1,内容传递环境100还可以包括CDN服务提供商106,CDN服务提供商106经由通信网络108与一个或多个客户计算设备102以及内容提供商104通信。图1所示的CDN服务提供商106与跟CDN服务提供商相关联的一个或多个计算设备的逻辑关联性相对应。具体地,CDN服务提供商106可以包括与通信网络108上的节点相对应的多个存在点(“POP”)位置116、122、128。每个CDN POP 116、122、128包括DNS组件118、124、130,DNS组件118、124、130由用于对来自客户计算机102的DNS查询进行解析的多个DNS服务器计算设备构成。每个CDN POP 116、122、128还包括资源高速缓存组件120、126、132,资源高速缓存组件120、126、132由用于存储来自内容提供商的资源并将所请求的不同资源发送至不同客户计算机的多个高速缓存服务器计算设备构成。DNS组件118、124、130和资源高速缓存组件120、126、132还可以包括便于通信的附加软件和/或硬件组件,包括但不限于负载平衡或负载共享软件/硬件组件。
在示意性实施例中,认为DNS组件118、124、130和资源高速缓存组件120、126、132是被逻辑分组的,而不管组件或组件的部分是否是物理分离的。此外,尽管CDN POP 116、122、128在图1中被示为逻辑地与CDN提供商106相关联,然而CDN POP以最适合客户计算设备102的各种人口统计特征的方式,在地理上遍及通信网络108而分布。此外,相关领域技术人员应理解,CDN服务提供商106可以与多种附加计算资源相关联,如,用于管理内容和资源的附加计算设备等。
进一步继续参考图1,内容传递环境100还可以包括网络计算和存储提供商107,网络计算和存储提供商107经由通信网络108与一个或多个客户计算设备102、CDN服务提供商105以及内容提供商104通信。图1所示的网络计算和存储提供商107还同或多个计算设备的逻辑关联性相对应。具体地,网络计算和存储提供商107可以包括与通信网络108上的节点相对应的多个存在点(“POP”)位置134、142、148。每个POP134、142、148包括网络计算组件(NCC)136、144、150,网络计算组件(NCC)136、144、150用于经由多个虚拟机实例(通常称作NCC的实例)来主持诸如数据流应用之类的应用。本领域技术人员将理解,NCC 136、144、150可以包括物理计算设备资源和软件,以提供多个虚拟机实例或动态地导致创建虚拟机的实例。这样的创建可以基于特定请求,例如来自客户计算设备的请求,或者NCC可以自己发起虚拟机实例的动态创建。每个NCC POP 134、142、148还包括存储组件140、146、152,存储组件140、146、152由多个存储器件构成,用于存储来自内容提供商的资源,这些资源将由NCC 136、144、150的实例来处理并且被发送至各个客户计算机。NCC 136、144、150和存储组件140、146、152还可以包括便于通信的附加软件和/或硬件组件,所述附加软件和/或硬件组件包括但不限于负载平衡或负载共享软件/硬件组件,用于选择支持所请求的应用的虚拟机实例和/或向DNS名称服务器提供信息以便于请求路由。
在示意性实施例中,认为NCC 136、144、150和存储组件140、146、152是逻辑上分组的,而与组件或组件的部分是否物理上分离无关。此外,尽管NCC POP 134、142、148在图1中被示为与网络计算和存储提供商107逻辑上相关联,然而NCC POP将以最适合客户计算设备102的各种人口统计特征的方式,在地理上遍及通信网络108而分布。此外,相关领域技术人员应理解,网络计算和存储提供商107可以与多种附加计算资源相关联,如,用于管理内容和资源的附加计算设备等。此外,相关领域技术人员应理解,网络计算和存储提供商107的组件和CDN服务提供商106的组件可以由相同或不同实体来管理。
现在参考图2至6,将说明图1的内容传递环境100的不同组件之间的交互。然而,为示例的目的,图已经被简化,使得许多用于便于通信的组件并没有被示出。相关领域技术人员应理解,可以使用这种组件,相应地,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,将发生另外的交互。
参考图2,将描述内容提供商104向CDN服务提供商106的注册的示意性交互。如图2所示,CDN内容注册过程开始于内容提供商104向CDN服务提供商106的注册。在示意性实施例中,内容提供商104利用注册应用程序界面(“API”)来向CDN服务提供商106注册,使得CDN服务提供商106可以代表内容提供商104来提供内容。注册API包括内容提供商104的原始服务器112的标识,内容提供商104将把所请求的资源提供给CDN服务提供商106。
相关领域技术人员应理解,当识别合适的原始服务器112时,内容提供商104可以开始将来自客户计算设备102的对内容的请求定向至CDN服务提供商106。具体地,根据DNS路由原则,与资源标识符相对应的客户计算设备请求最终将被定向至与CDN服务提供商106相关联的CDN POP 116、122、128。如果所选择的CDN POP的资源高速缓存组件120、126、132,或者随后选择的NCC 136、144、150的实例的存储组件140、146、152(稍后将进行描述)不具有客户计算设备102所请求的资源的副本,则资源高速缓存组件或存储组件140、146、152将向内容提供商104先前注册的原始服务器112请求资源。
继续参考图2,当接收注册API时,CDN服务提供商106获取并处理注册信息。在示意性实施例中,CDN服务提供商106可以产生将由客户计算设备102使用的附加信息,作为内容请求的一部分。附加信息可以包括而不限于客户标识符(如,客户标识码)、内容提供商标识符(如,内容提供商标识码)、用于处理资源标识符的可执行代码(如,基于脚本的指令)等等。在其他实施例中,附加地或备选地,附加信息可以包括文件类型标识符和/或应用标识符,所述文件类型标识符和/或应用标识符可以包括文件类型信息、以及与用于处理所请求的内容的应用类型或处理所请求的内容所需的应用的特定实例相关的信息。应用标识符还可以包括其他附加信息或需求或与所述其他附加信息或需求相关联,所述其他附加信息或需求用于选择对所请求的内容进行处理的应用实例,例如,服务标准的质量,所述服务标准的质量可以包括与压缩比、处理能力、处理速度和/或NCC的带宽等有关的信息。相关领域技术人员应理解的是,不同类型的附加信息可以由CDN服务提供商106产生,并且附加信息可以以多种格式中的任何一种格式来体现。
CDN服务提供商106向内容提供商104返回CDN服务提供商的可应用域的标识(除非先前已经提供过了)以及任何附加信息。然后,内容提供商104可以利用内容提供商特定信息来处理所存储的内容。在一个示例中,如图2所示,内容提供商104将最初定向至原始服务器112的域的资源标识符变换到与CDN服务提供商相对应的域。变换后的URL被嵌入所请求的内容,使得针对变换后的URL的DNS查询将解析到与CDN服务提供商106相对应的DNS服务器,而不是与内容提供商104相对应的DNS服务器。尽管图2示出了变换过程,然而在一些实施例中,可以以以下更详细地描述的方式省略变换过程。
通常,最初定向至内容提供商104的资源的标识将具有可以由客户计算设备102(如,通过浏览器软件应用)来处理的资源标识符的形式。在示意性实施例中,资源标识符可以具有统一资源定位符(“URL”)的形式。因为资源标识符包括在定向至内容提供商的所请求内容中,所以资源标识符通常可以称作“内容提供商URL”。为示意性示例的目的,内容提供商URL可以标识内容提供商104的域(例如contentprovider.com)(一般称作URL的DNS部分)、要请求的资源的名称(例如“resource.jpg”)以及在其中将找到资源的路径(例如“path”),路径和资源通常被称作URL的路径部分。在该示意性实施例中,内容提供商URL具有以下形式:
http://www.contentprovider.com/path/resource.jpg
在示意性变换过程期间,修改内容提供商URL,使得对与变换后的URL相关联的资源的请求解析到与CDN服务提供商106相关联的CDN POP。在一个实施例中,变换后的URL标识CDN服务提供商106的域(例如“cdnprovider.com”)、要请求的资源的相同名称(例如“resource.jpg”)以及在其中将找到资源的相同路径(例如“path”)。此外,变换后的URL可以在URL的DNS部分中包括附加处理信息(例如“additional information”)。变换后的URL可以具有以下形式:
http://additional information.cdnprovider.com/path/resource.jpg
在另一实施例中,与CDN服务提供商106相关联的信息包括在修改后的URL中(例如通过预先计划(prepending)或其他技术),使得变换后的URL可以保持与原始URL相关联的所有信息。在该实施例中,变换后的URL可以具有以下形式:
http://additional information.cdnprovider.com/www.contentprovider.
com/path/resource.jpg
现在参考图3,在图2所示的注册和变换过程完成之后,客户计算设备102随后产生由内容提供商104(例如通过web服务器110)接收和处理的内容请求。根据示意性实施例,对内容的请求可以根据公共网络协议,例如超文本传送协议(“HTTP”)。当接收到内容请求时,内容提供商104标识合适的响应内容。在示意性实施例中,所请求的内容可以与通过信息(例如超文本置标语言(“HTML”)、可扩展置标语言(“XML”)等)处理而显示在客户计算设备102上的网页相对应。所请求的内容还可以包括上述多个嵌入式资源标识符,所述嵌入式资源标识符与应该作为所请求内容的处理的一部分由客户计算设备102获得的资源对象相对应。嵌入式资源标识符通常可以称作原始资源标识符或原始URL。
当接收到所请求的内容时,客户计算设备102例如通过浏览器软件应用,开始处理包括在内容中的任何置标码并尝试获取由嵌入式资源标识符标识的资源。因此,获取内容的第一步骤对应于客户计算设备102(通过其本地DNS解析器)发起针对原始URL资源标识符的DNS查询,这使得识别出对于变换后的URL的“.”和“com”部分而言是有权威的DNS服务器。在解析嵌入式URL的“.”和“com”部分之后,然后客户计算设备102发起对资源URL的DNS查询,这使得识别出对嵌入式URL的“.cdnprovider”部分而言是有权威的DNS服务器。与URL的“.”和“com”部分相对应的DNS查询的发起是公知的并且没有示出。
现在参考图4,在示意性实施例中,原始URL的“cdnprovider”部分的成功解析标识了与CDN服务提供商106相关联的DNS服务器的网络地址(如,IP地址)。在一个实施例中,IP地址可以是对POP的DNS服务器组件而言唯一的特定网络地址。在另一实施例中,IP地址可以被一个或多个CDN POP共享。在该实施例中,对共享的IP地址的另外的DNS查询使用一到多网络路由方案(如,任播(anycast)),使得特定的POP将根据网络拓扑来接收请求。例如,在任播实现中,客户计算设备102向共享IP地址发起的DNS查询将到达逻辑上与客户计算设备具有最短网络拓扑距离(常常称作网络跃距)的DNS服务器组件。网络拓扑距离不必须与地理距离相对应。然而,在一些实施例中,推断网络拓扑距离可以是指客户计算设备102与POP之间的最短网络距离。相关领域技术人员将理解,存在多种确定网络拓扑距离的方式。
进一步参考图4,在任一上述实施例(或任意其它实施例)中,CDN POP 116的DNS组件118中的特定DNS服务器从客户计算设备102接收与原始URL相对应的DNS查询。一旦DNS组件118中的DNS服务器之一接收到请求,则特定DNS服务器尝试解析该请求。在图4所示的示意性实施例中,特定DNS服务器通过识别高速缓存服务器组件或将对所请求资源的请求进行处理的NCC的实例的IP地址,来解析DNS查询。如上所述,并且将在下面参考图6A和6B进行描述,所选的资源高速缓存资源或与NCC的实例相关联的存储组件可以通过提供所请求资源(如果有的话),或尝试从另一源(例如对等高速缓存服务器计算设备或内容提供商104的原始服务器112)获得所请求资源,来处理请求。
进一步参考图4,在选择资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例的过程中,特定的DNS服务器可以使用多种信息。在一个示意性实施例中,DNS服务器可以使用资源标识符的DNS部分中的附加信息(用于利用DNS服务器来解析DNS查询)来返回资源高速缓存组件或NCC的实例的IP地址。如以上总体描述的,附加信息可以包括但不限于客户标识符(如,客户标识码)、内容提供商标识符(如,内容提供商标识码)、用于处理资源标识符的可执行代码(如,基于脚本的指令)等等。附加地或备选地,附加信息可以包括文件类型标识符和/或应用标识符,所述文件类型标识符和/或应用标识符可以包括文件类型信息以及与所主持的用于对所请求的内容加以处理的应用的类型或所主持的处理所请求的内容所需的应用的特定实例有关的信息。
如以下将参考图8进一步描述的,所请求的内容与流媒体文件相对应,例如,DNS服务器可以使用第一资源标识符的DNS部分中包含的应用标识符来选择用于处理流媒体文件的NCC的实例。在一个实施例中,应用标识符可以指定要处理的内容的文件类型信息,DNS服务器选择具有数据流应用的NCC的实例,所述数据流应用能够处理对所标识的文件类型(例如,MPEG或Flash媒体文件)的请求。在另一实施例中,应用标识符可以指定所主持的应用的类型(例如,Adobe Flash服务器流应用、或Real Network Helix服务器流应用),以用于处理所请求的内容。基于该信息,DNS服务器通过标识与所标识的应用类型相对应的NCC实例来解析DNS查询,其中所述应用用于对所请求的内容进行处理或者可以动态地引起这样的实例的创建。此外,在另一实施例中,应用标识符可以指定特定的应用实例,例如,由例如内容提供商指定的Company’s Flash服务器。基于该信息,DNS服务器可以通过标识具有处理所请求内容所需的应用的特定NCC实例的IP地址,来解析DNS查询。此外,在另一实施例中,第一资源标识符的DNS部分可以具有单独的文件类型标识符,该文件类型标识符提供了在选择用于为所请求的内容提供服务的NCC设备的适当实例中供DNS服务器使用的文件类型信息。
此外,DNS服务器还可以使用直接从客户计算设备获得的信息(如,由客户计算设备或ISP提供的信息)或间接获得的信息(如,通过客户计算设备的IP地址推断出的信息)来选择资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例。例如,这样的客户计算设备信息可以是地理信息。此外,DNS服务器组件可以使用网络性能度量或测量来分派特定的资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例。DNS服务器组件所选的IP地址可以与资源高速缓存中的特定高速缓存服务器或NCC设备的特定实例相对应。备选地,IP地址可以与特定CDN POP或NCC POP处的用于选择特定高速缓存组件或NCC实例的硬件/软件选择组件(如,负载平衡器)相对应。
此外,对于NCC实例的选择,DNS服务器组件可以使用从网络计算和存储提供商107向CDN服务提供商106提供的附加选择信息。这样的选择信息可以包括典型地与诸如NCC的计算能力度量、压缩比、处理能力、处理速度、带宽等服务质量有关的信息,这些信息可以直接与跟创建和/或使用具体NCC实例相关联的成本有关。可以在网络计算和存储提供商107与CDN服务提供商106之间的通信信道上提供这种附加选择信息,如图4中在不同时刻大体示出的。此外,相关领域技术人员将理解,可以以多种方式中的任何一种方式来发送附加选择信息,例如,基于来自CDN服务提供商106的独立请求、由CDN服务提供商或网络计算和存储提供商发起的批量处理等。
进一步参考图4,一旦识别了IP地址,DNS服务器118就将资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例的IP地址提供给客户计算设备102以供进一步处理,如以下将参考图6A和6B进一步讨论的。
在另一示意性实施例中,如将参考图5A-5C进一步描述的,资源标识符的DNS部分中包含的附加信息可以用于标识DNS服务器组件,所述DNS服务器组件可以缺省为选择相同CDN POP的资源高速缓存组件或关联的NCC POP的NCC实例。这种关联性可以与地理或网络接近性相对应。
现在参考图5A至5C,作为当接收到如参考图4所描述的DNS查询时选择高速缓存服务器组件或NCC实例的备选,CDN服务提供商106可以维持不同备选资源标识符的集合,这些备选资源标识符与跟高速缓存组件或NCC实例相关联的DNS服务器组件相对应,所述高速缓存组件或NCC实例满足资源标识符的DNS部分中(例如,应用标识符中)提供的标准,并且将基于附加请求路由标准被进一步选择。备选资源标识符可以由CDN服务提供商106来提供给客户计算设备102,使得对备选资源标识符的后续DNS查询将解析到CDN服务提供商的网络内的不同DNS服务器组件。在示意性实施例中,备选资源标识符具有一个或多个规范名(“CNAME”)记录的形式。在一个实施例中,每个CNAME记录标识CDN服务提供商106的域(例如“cdnprovider.com”或“cdnprovider-1.com”)。如以下将更详细描述的,CNAME中的域不需要与原始URL中或先前的CNAME记录中找到的域相同。另外,每个CNAME记录包括附加信息,例如请求路由信息(例如“requestrouting information”)。示意性CNAME记录可以具有以下形式:
request routing information.cdnprovider.com
在示意性实施例中,CNAME记录由DNS服务器产生和提供,以标识CDN服务提供商106的更合适的DNS服务器。
在一个实施例中,如果第一DNS服务器确定其是合适的DNS服务器(例如,该DNS服务器可以通过提供高速缓存组件或NCC实例的IP地址来解析DNS查询),则该DNS服务器识别缺省的相关高速缓存组件或NCC POP实例以解析请求。备选地,如以下将更详细描述的,即使DNS服务器可以解析请求,DNS服务器也可以基于附加请求路由标准来确定另一DNS服务器是否也可以为该请求提供服务。
在一个示例中,CDN服务提供商106还可以尝试根据地理标准将DNS查询定向至DNS服务器。地理标准可以与在CDN服务提供商106与内容提供商104之间约定的基于地理的区域服务计划相对应,其中将不同的CND服务提供商106 POP分组为地理区域。相应地,在与内容提供商的区域计划相对应的区域中的DNS服务器可以更好地处理在不与内容提供商的区域计划相对应的区域中接收到的客户计算设备102的DNS查询。在该示例中,DNS服务器组件118还可以直接地(如,由客户计算设备或ISP提供的信息)或间接地(如,通过客户计算设备的IP地址推断出的信息)从客户获得地理信息。
在另一示例中,CDN服务提供商106还可以尝试根据服务水平标准将DNS查询定向至DNS服务器。服务水平标准可以与CDN服务提供商106与内容提供商104之间约定的服务或性能度量相对应。性能度量的示例可以包括在CND服务提供商POP与客户计算设备102之间的数据传输等待时间、CDN服务提供商POP代表内容提供商104提供的总数据、数据传输的误差率等。
在另一示例中,CDN服务提供商106可以尝试根据网络性能标准将DNS查询定向至DNS服务器。网络性能标准可以与从CDN服务提供商POP向客户计算设备102发送数据的网络性能的测量相对应。网络性能度量的示例可以包括(由客户计算设备或CDN服务提供商106测量的)网络数据传递等待时间、网络数据误差率等。
在另一示例中,接收DNS服务器可以尝试出于负载平衡或负载共享的目的将DNS查询定向至另一合适的DNS查询。接收DNS可以获得定义了这种负载平衡/负载共享的命令的其他CDN POP的指示。列表可以是动态的或基于当前网络情况来周期性地更新的。
在另一示例中,CDN服务提供商106可以尝试根据网络计算和存储提供商107提供的选择信息标准,将与供NCC实例处理的资源请求相关联的DNS查询定向至DNS服务器。如以上类似地阐述的,这种选择信息可以包括典型地与诸如NCC的计算能力测量、压缩比、处理能力、处理速度、带宽等服务质量有关的信息,该信息可以直接与跟创建和/或使用具体NCC实例相关联的成本有关。可以在不同时刻在网络计算和存储提供商107与CDN服务提供商106之间的通信信道上提供这种选择信息。此外,相关领域技术人员将理解,可以以多种方式来发送选择信息,如,基于来自CDN服务提供商106的独立请求、由CDN服务提供商或网络计算和存储提供商发起的批量处理等等。
根据示意性实施例,DNS服务器维持对不同输入DNS查询的CNAME记录加以限定的数据存储器。如果与具体DNS查询相对应的DNS查询与数据存储器中的条目相匹配,则DNS服务器返回如数据存储器中所限定的CNAME记录。在示意性实施例中,数据存储器可以包括与具体DNS查询相对应的多个CNAME记录。多个CNAME记录将限定可以返回给客户计算设备的可能候选集合。在这种实施例中,如上所述,DNS服务器可以基于对第一资源标识符的DNS部分中包含的信息按因素划分(factor)的逻辑,直接地或经由基于网络的服务,来选择数据存储器中限定的CNAME记录之一,作为更合适的路由信息。本领域和其他领域技术人员将意识到,在从可能CNAME集合中选择合适的CNAME的过程中,DNS服务器可以实现另外的附加逻辑。在示意性实施例中,每个DNS服务器组件118、124、130维持限定CNAME记录的相同数据存储器,相同数据存储器可以由CDN服务提供商106集中管理。备选地,每个DNS服务器组件118、124、130可以具有限定CNAME记录的POP特定数据存储器,POP特定数据存储器可以由CDN服务提供商106集中管理,或者在POP 116、122、128本地管理。此外,DNS服务器组件118、124、130内的每个DNS服务器计算设备可以使用由相应的POP来管理的共享数据存储器或者独立DNS服务器计算设备特定的本地数据存储器。
返回的CNAME还可以包括与当前DNS查询的URL/CNAME中提供的信息不同或是其补充的请求路由信息。例如,如果除了与第一资源标识符中包含的应用标识符相关联的信息之外,CNAME选择还基于服务水平计划,则可以在CNAME记录的“request_routing_information”部分中包含特定的其他标识符。该特定示例中的示意性记CNAME录可以具有以下形式:
serviceplan.appID.cdnprovider.com
在另一实施例中,可以在与当前URL/CNAME中找到的域不同的CDN服务提供商106域的标识中找到请求路由信息。例如,如果CNAME基于区域计划,则特定的区域计划域(例如“cdnprovider-region1.com”)可以用在特定CNAME记录的域名部分中。相关领域技术人员应理解,附加的或备选的技术和/或技术的结合可以用于将附加的请求路由信息包括在由DNS服务器组件118选择的CNAME记录中。
继续参考图5A,根据上述实施例,DNS服务器可以选择(或获取)用于解析到CDN服务提供商106的更合适的DNS服务器的CNAME记录。然而,相同的服务器也可以对于要提供给客户计算设备的CNAME的后续DNS查询是有权威的。例如,特定的DNS服务器可以对于特定的区域计划和服务水平计划都是有权威的。因此,返回CNAME将仍然引起达到相同DNS查询的DNS查询(可以部分地由于客户计算设备的地理位置)。在这种实施例中,DNS服务器(如,DNS服务器组件118)可以选择预先解析未来的DNS查询。
现在参考图5B,当接收到来自DNS服务器组件118的CNAME时,客户计算设备102产生与CNAME相对应的后续DNS查询。如先前参考图4所述,DNS查询过程可以首先以“.”和“com”部分的DNS查询开始,随后是CNAME的“cdnprovider”部分的查询。然而,在先前的DNS查询的结果可以被高速缓存(并保持有效)的程度上,客户计算设备102可以使用高速缓存的信息而不需要重复整个过程。然而,在某些时候,根据DNS服务器组件118(图5A)提供的CNAME与先前的URL/CNAME是否共享共同的CDN服务提供商域,当前CNAME DNS查询解析到由CDN服务提供商106提供的不同的POP。如图5B所示,基于DNS服务器组件118先前提供的当前CNAME中的不同信息,CDNPOP 122的DNS服务器组件124接收当前CNAME。如先前所述,DNS服务器组件124然后可以确定是否利用将处理内容请求的高速缓存组件或NCC实例的IP地址来解析针对CNAME的DNS查询,或者是否提供以上述方式选择的另一备选资源标识符。
为说明的目的,假定DNS服务器组件124确定与当前CNAME(由DNS服务器组组件118提供的)相对应的DNS查询也与该DNS服务器组件124的数据存储器中的CNAME记录相对应。在这种示例中,DNS服务器组件124将如上所述作出任何必要的处理以选择特定的CNAME并将CNAME返回给客户计算设备。现在参考图5C,客户计算设备102现在将发送与DNS服务器组件124(图5B)提供的CNAME相对应的第二后续DNS查询。根据已经描述的DNS查询过程,DNS查询将示例性地由CDN POP 128的DNS服务器组件130接收。再次地,DNS服务器组件130然后可以确定是否利用将处理内容请求的高速缓存组件或NCC实例的IP地址来解析针对CNAME的DNS查询,或者是否提供以上述方式选择的另一备选资源标识符。在该示例中,DNS服务器组件130返回IP地址。
继续参考图5C,在示意性实施例中,如以上类似地阐述的,DNS服务器组件(如,DNS服务器组件130)可以在选择资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例中使用多种信息。在一个示例中,DNS服务器组件可以缺省地选择相同CDN POP的资源高速缓存组件或与相同CDN POP相关联的NCC实例。
现在参考图6A,在示意性示例中,假定DNS服务器组件130已经选择了POP 116的资源高速缓存组件120。当接收到资源高速缓存组件120的IP地址时,客户计算设备102向资源高速缓存组件120发送针对所请求内容的请求。资源高速缓存组件120以上述方式处理请求,将所请求的内容发送至客户计算设备102。
现在参考图6B,在另一示意性示例中,假定DNS服务器组件130已经选择了NCC POP 134的NCC实例136。当接收到NCC实例136的IP地址时,客户计算设备102向NCC实例136发送针对所请求内容的请求。NCC实例136以上述方式处理请求,将所请求的内容发送至客户计算设备102。例如,对于流媒体,NCC实例将开始对内容进行流传输。
现在参考图7,将描述由CDN提供商106实现的请求例程700。相关领域技术人员应理解,针对例程700而概述的动作/步骤可以由与CDN服务提供商106相关联的一个或多个计算设备/组件来实现。因此,例程700在逻辑关系上如同由CDN服务提供商106来执行一样。
在框702中,DNS服务器组件118、124、130之一接收与资源标识符相对应的DNS查询。如先前所述,资源标识符可以是已经嵌入由客户计算设备102所请求、并由内容提供商104先前提供的内容中的URL。备选地,资源标识符也可以与内容提供商DNS服务器响应于先前从客户计算设备102接收到的DNS查询而提供的CNAME相对应。在判定框704中,执行测试以确定当前DNS服务器是否有权解析DNS查询。在备选实施例中,如果没有CNAME记录与接收到的资源标识符相对应,则DNS服务器可以确定该DNS服务器是否有权解析DNS查询。也可以执行其他方法来确定DNS服务器是否是有权威的。
如果当前DNS服务器是有权威的(包括确定该DNS服务器将对后续DNS查询是有权威的),则当前DNS服务器通过返回缺省高速缓存服务器组件或缺省NCC实例的IP地址来解析DNS查询。以非限制性方式,先前已经讨论了许多选择合适资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例的方法。此外,如上所述,IP地址可以与特定CDN POP或NCC POP处的用于选择特定高速缓存组件或NCC实例的硬件/软件选择组件(如,负载平衡器)相对应。
备选地,如果在判定框704处DNS服务器不是有权威的,则在框808,DNS服务器组件选择并发送备选的资源标识符。如上所述,DNS服务器组件可以使用数据存储器,根据当前DNS查询,包括例如URL或CNAME的DNS部分中的应用标识符,来标识合适的CNAME。此外,DNS服务器组件还可以实现附加的逻辑处理,以在可能CNAME集合中进行选择。在框710,不同的DNS服务器组件118、124、130接收与CNAME相对应的DNS查询。例程700然后返回判定框704并根据需要继续重复。
现在参考图8,将描述由CND服务提供商106实现的请求例程800。相关领域技术人员应理解,针对例程800而概述的动作/步骤可以由与CDN服务提供商106相关联的一个或多个计算设备/组件来实现。因此,例程800在逻辑关系上如同由CDN服务提供商106来执行一样。
在框802处,DNS服务器组件118、124、130之一接收与资源标识符相对应的DNS查询。再次地,如先前讨论的,资源标识符可以是已嵌入由客户计算设备102请求并由内容提供商104先前提供的内容中的URL。备选地,资源标识符也可以与内容提供商DNS服务器响应于先前从客户计算设备102接收到的DNS查询而提供的CNAME相对应。在框804,当前DNS服务器选择用于为与DNS查询相关联的请求提供服务的资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例。如上所述,DNS服务器根据与DNS查询相关联的资源标识符的DNS部分来进行这种选择。作为示例,资源标识符的DNS部分可以指定与所请求的资源的文件类型或用于处理所请求资源的应用的应用类型或特定实例相关联的信息。如以上进一步阐述的,还可以考虑多个其他因素来选择用于为资源请求提供服务的合适高速缓存组件或NCC实例。
接下来,在框806,DNS服务器向客户计算设备提供对所选资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例加以指示的信息。在该实施例中,该信息包括资源高速缓存组件或NCC实例的IP地址。此后,客户计算设备可以使用该信息来请求和接收所请求的内容。例程800在框806处结束。
尽管公开了并讨论了示意性实施例,然而相关领域技术人员将理解,在本发明的精神和范围之内可以实现附加的或备选的实施例。此外,尽管许多实施例被指示为是示意性的,然而相关领域技术人员将理解,这些示意性实施例不需要组合或一起实现。这样,根据本公开的变体的范围,一些示意性实施例是不需要使用或实现的。
诸如“能够”、“可能”或“可以”等条件式语言,除非特别声明或在所使用的上下文中理解,否则通常用于表达的意思是:特定实施例包括特定的特性、元件和/或步骤,而其他实施例不包括。因此,这种条件式语言通常并不表示一个或多个实施例无论如何需要这些特性、元件和/或步骤,也不表示一个或多个实施例有必要包括用于在有或没有用户输入或提示的情况下判定这些特性、元件和/或步骤是否包含在任何具体实施例中或在该实施例中执行的逻辑。
本文所描述的和/或附图中描绘的流程图中的任何过程描述、元件或块应当被理解为,可以表示代码的模块、片段或部分,代码的模块、片段或部分包括用于实现过程中特定逻辑功能或步骤的一个或多个可执行指令。本领域技术人员应理解,备选的实现包括在本文描述的实施例的范围之内,其中,根据涉及的功能,元件或功能可以被删除或不按所示或所述的顺序来执行,包括实质上同时执行或按相反顺序来执行。还应理解,可以使用与存储计算机可执行组件的计算机可读介质(如,CD-ROM、DVD-ROM、或网络接口)相关联的驱动机制,将上述数据和/或组件存储在计算机可读介质上并加载到计算设备的存储器中,此外,组件和/或数据可以包括在单一设备中或以任何方式分布。相应地,通用计算设备可以被配置为通过上述各种数据和/或组件的处理和/或执行来实现本公开的处理、算法和方法。
条款1、一种请求路由的方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟内容提供商提供的原始资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一DNS服务器与跟内容提供商不同的内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
确定第一DNS服务器是否对DNS查询是有权威的;
如果确定DNS服务器不是有权威的,则基于原始资源标识符中包含的应用标识符来获取备选资源标识符,其中备选资源标识符包括用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息、以及没有包含在原始资源标识符中的请求路由信息;
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备;
在第二DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的后续DNS查询,其中,后续DNS查询与内容传递网络服务提供商提供的备选资源标识符相对应,第二DNS服务器与跟内容提供商不同的内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
确定第二DNS服务器是否对后续DNS查询是有权威的;
如果第二DNS服务器对第二DNS查询是有权威的,则选择用于对与原始资源请求相关联的内容进行处理的网络计算组件;以及
如果确定第二DNS服务器是有权威的,则发送对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息。
条款2、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,原始资源标识符与内容提供商提供的统一资源定位符相对应,使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
条款3、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
条款4、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,原始资源标识符和备选资源标识符包括对与内容传递服务提供商相对应的相同域加以标识的信息。
条款5、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,原始资源标识符包括对与内容传递服务提供商相对应的第一域加以标识的信息,备选资源标识符包括对与内容传递服务提供商相对应的第二域加以标识的信息。
条款6、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件包括用于对所请求的资源进行处理的应用。
条款7、根据条款6所述的方法,其中,应用是数据流应用。
条款8、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件可操作用于动态地引起用于处理所请求的资源的虚拟机实例的创建。
条款9、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与所请求的资源的文件类型相关联的信息。
条款10、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与用于处理所请求的资源的应用类型相关联的信息。
条款11、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与用于处理所请求的资源的应用实例相关联的信息。
条款12、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与用于处理所请求的资源的应用类型或应用实例相关联的网络计算组件选择信息。
条款13、根据条款12所述的方法,其中,选择信息包括服务质量信息。
条款14、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,获取备选资源标识符还基于与客户计算设备的地理位置相关联的信息。
条款15、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,获取备选资源标识符还基于与内容提供商相关联的信息,所述信息包括区域服务信息,备选资源标识符包括对内容传递网络服务提供商提供的区域服务计划加以标识的信息。
条款16、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,获取备选资源标识符还基于与内容提供商相关联的信息,所述信息包括服务水平信息,备选资源标识符包括对内容传递网络服务提供商提供的服务水平计划加以标识的信息。
条款17、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,获取备选资源标识符还基于与网络计算资源相关联的信息,所述信息包括网络计算组件选择信息。
条款18、根据条款17所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件选择信息包括与一个或多个网络计算组件相关联的性能度量。
条款19、根据条款1所述的方法,还包括:
获取来自客户计算设备的对所请求的内容的请求;以及
响应于来自客户计算设备的请求,来处理和发送来自所选网络计算组件的所请求的内容。
条款20、根据条款1所述的方法,其中,对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息包括与所选网络计算组件相对应的网络地址。
条款21、一种请求路由的方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联;
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备,其中备选资源标识符包括:用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息、以及没有包含在第一资源标识符中的补充请求路由信息;
在第二DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的后续DNS查询,其中,后续DNS查询与内容传递网络服务提供商提供的备选资源标识符相对应,第二DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
在第二DNS服务器处解析后续DNS查询,以识别用于处理和提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的网络计算组件;以及
将标识所识别的网络计算组件的信息发送至客户计算设备。
条款22、根据条款21所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符与统一资源定位符相对应,使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
条款23、根据条款21所述的方法,其中,备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
条款24、根据条款21所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件包括用于对所请求的资源进行处理的应用。
条款25、根据条款24所述的方法,其中,应用是数据流应用。
条款26、根据条款21所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件可操作用于动态地引起用于处理所请求的资源的虚拟机实例的创建。
条款27、根据条款21所述的方法,其中,确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联包括:
获取与第一资源标识符中包含的应用标识符相对应的资源路由信息;
根据与应用标识符相对应的资源路由信息来选择备选资源标识符。
条款28、根据条款27所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与所请求的资源的文件类型相关联的信息,备选资源标识符是根据所请求的资源的文件类型来选择的。
条款29、根据条款27所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与用于处理所请求的资源的应用类型相关联的信息,备选资源标识符是根据应用类型来选择的。
条款30、根据条款27所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括对用于处理所请求的资源的应用实例加以标识的信息,备选资源标识符是根据应用实例来选择的。
条款31、根据条款27所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与用于处理所请求的资源的应用类型或应用实例相关联的网络计算组件选择信息。
条款32、根据条款31所述的方法,其中,选择信息包括服务质量信息。
条款33、根据条款27所述的方法,还包括获取与跟DNS查询相关联的客户计算设备相对应的资源路由信息,其中,与客户计算设备相对应的信息与客户计算设备的地理位置相关联,选择备选资源标识符还基于与客户计算设备的地理位置相关联的信息。
条款34、一种请求路由的方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
基于第一资源标识符,从多个网络计算组件中选择用于处理所请求的资源的网络计算组件;以及
从第一DNS服务器向客户计算设备发送对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息。
条款35、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件包括用于处理所请求的资源的应用。
条款36、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,应用是数据流应用。
条款37、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件可操作用于动态地引起用于处理所请求的资源的虚拟机实例的创建。
条款38、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符包括用于对与内容提供商提供的服务计划相关联的信息加以标识的第一部分,基于所述第一部分来选择网络计算组件。
条款39、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符包括对与所请求的资源的文件类型相关联的信息加以标识的第一部分,在第一DNS服务器处基于所述文件类型来选择网络计算组件。
条款40、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符包括DNS部分和路径部分,其中每个部分包括文件标识符,在第一DNS服务器处基于第一资源标识符的DNS部分中包含的文件标识符来选择网络计算组件。
条款41、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符包括对与网络计算组件选择信息相关联的信息加以标识的第一部分,选择信息包括服务质量信息。
条款42、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,选择网络计算组件还基于与客户计算设备的地理位置相关联的信息。
条款43、根据条款34所述的方法,其中,选择网络计算组件还基于与一个或多个网络计算组件相关联的性能度量。
条款44、一种请求路由方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一资源标识符包括具有DNS信息的第一部分以及具有路径信息的第二部分,DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
基于第一资源标识符的第一部分来选择用于处理所请求的资源的网络计算组件;以及
从第一DNS服务器向客户计算设备发送对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息。
条款45、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件包括用于对所请求的资源进行处理的应用。
条款46、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,应用是数据流应用。
条款47、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件可操作用于动态地引起用于处理所请求的资源的虚拟机实例的创建。
条款48、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符的第一部分和第二部分各自都包括文件标识符。
条款49、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符的第一部分包括文件标识符,根据所述文件标识符来选择网络计算组件。
条款50、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符的第一部分包括应用标识符,根据应用标识符来选择网络计算组件。
条款51、根据条款50所述的方法,其中,应用标识符标识了用于处理所请求的资源的应用类型。
条款52、根据条款50所述的方法,其中,应用标识符标识了用于处理所请求的资源的应用实例。
条款53、根据条款50所述的方法,其中,应用标识符包括与用于处理所请求的资源的应用类型或应用实例相关联的网络计算组件选择信息。
条款54、根据条款53所述的方法,其中,选择信息包括服务质量信息。
条款55、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,选择网络计算组件还基于与客户计算设备的地理位置相关联的信息。
条款56、根据条款44所述的方法,其中,对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息是所选网络计算组件的IP地址。
应强调的是,可以对上述实施例做出许多变化和修改,变化和修改的元素应被理解为在其他可接受的示例中。所有这些修改和变化在此旨在包含在本公开的范围之内,并且受权利要求的保护。
Claims (13)
1.一种请求路由的方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
通过以下步骤确定第一资源标识符与备选资源标识符相关联:
获取与第一资源标识符中包含的应用标识符相对应的资源路由信息;
根据与应用标识符相对应的资源路由信息来选择备选资源标识符;
将备选资源标识符发送至客户计算设备,其中备选资源标识符包括:用于使DNS查询解析到与内容传递服务提供商相对应的域的信息、以及没有包含在第一资源标识符中的补充请求路由信息;
在第二DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的后续DNS查询,其中,后续DNS查询与内容传递网络服务提供商提供的备选资源标识符相对应,第二DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
在第二DNS服务器处解析后续DNS查询,以识别用于处理和提供与原始资源请求相关联的内容的网络计算组件;以及
将标识所识别的网络计算组件的信息发送至客户计算设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符与统一资源定位符相对应,使得DNS查询解析到与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应的域。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,备选资源标识符与规范名记录标识符相对应。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件包括用于对所请求的资源进行处理的应用。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,应用是数据流应用。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件可操作用于动态地引起用于处理所请求的资源的虚拟机实例的创建。
7.一种请求路由的方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
基于第一资源标识符中包括的应用标识符,从多个网络计算组件中选择用于处理所请求的资源的网络计算组件;以及
从第一DNS服务器向客户计算设备发送对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,网络计算组件包括用于处理所请求的资源的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,第一资源标识符包括用于对与内容提供商提供的服务计划相关联的信息加以标识的第一部分,基于所述第一部分来选择网络计算组件。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,选择网络计算组件还基于与一个或多个网络计算组件相关联的性能度量。
11.一种请求路由的方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应;
基于第一资源标识符,从多个网络计算组件中选择用于处理所请求的资源的网络计算组件;以及
从第一DNS服务器向客户计算设备发送对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息,
其中,第一资源标识符包括DNS部分和路径部分,每个部分包括文件标识符,在第一DNS服务器处基于第一资源标识符的DNS部分中包含的文件标识符来选择网络计算组件。
12.一种请求路由方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一资源标识符包括具有DNS信息的第一部分以及具有路径信息的第二部分,DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应,第一资源标识符的第一部分包括应用标识符;
基于第一资源标识符的第一部分来选择用于处理所请求的资源的网络计算组件,其中,所述网络计算组件是根据所述应用标识符选择的;以及
从第一DNS服务器向客户计算设备发送对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息。
13.一种请求路由方法,包括:
在第一DNS服务器处获取来自客户计算设备的DNS查询,其中,DNS查询与跟第一资源标识符相关联的所请求的资源相对应,第一资源标识符包括具有DNS信息的第一部分以及具有路径信息的第二部分,DNS服务器与内容传递网络服务提供商相对应,第一资源标识符的第一部分包括文件标识符,
基于第一资源标识符的第一部分来选择用于处理所请求的资源的网络计算组件,其中,所述网络计算组件是根据所述文件标识符选择的;以及
从第一DNS服务器向客户计算设备发送对所选网络计算组件加以标识的信息。
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CA2726915C (en) | 2016-01-12 |
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JP2011527043A (ja) | 2011-10-20 |
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KR101379864B1 (ko) | 2014-04-01 |
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EP2294515A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
US20090327517A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
CA2726915A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
US20120303785A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
EP2294515B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
EP2294515A4 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
KR20110040875A (ko) | 2011-04-20 |
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