CN102144239A - 双向无线功率发射 - Google Patents

双向无线功率发射 Download PDF

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CN102144239A
CN102144239A CN2009801343468A CN200980134346A CN102144239A CN 102144239 A CN102144239 A CN 102144239A CN 2009801343468 A CN2009801343468 A CN 2009801343468A CN 200980134346 A CN200980134346 A CN 200980134346A CN 102144239 A CN102144239 A CN 102144239A
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antenna
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CN102144239B (zh
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奈杰尔·P·库克
卢卡斯·西贝尔
汉斯彼得·威德默
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    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10198—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves setting parameters for the interrogator, e.g. programming parameters and operating modes
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Abstract

示范性实施例是针对无线功率传送。一种无线功率收发器和装置包括天线，所述天线包含经配置以响应于大体上未经调制的载波频率而谐振的并联谐振器。所述无线功率收发器进一步包括耦合到所述并联谐振器的双向功率转换电路。所述双向功率转换电路可重新配置以将在所述天线处接收到的感应电流整流成DC功率，且响应于DC功率而在所述天线处引发谐振。

Description

双向无线功率发射
根据35 U.S.C.§119主张优先权
本申请案根据35 U.S.C.§119(e)主张以下申请案的优先权：
2008年9月2日申请的标题为“双向无线能量传送(BIDIRECTIONAL WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER)”的第61/093,692号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容特此以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
2008年9月17日申请的标题为“高频下的高效技术(HIGH EFFICIENCY TECHNIQUES AT HIGH FREQUENCY)”的第61/097,859号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容特此以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
2008年10月9日申请的标题为“双半桥功率转换器(DUAL HALF BRIDGE POWER CONVERTER)”的第61/104,218号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容特此以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
2009年1月24日申请的标题为“无线功率电子电路(WIRELESS POWER ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT)”的第61/147,081号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容特此以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
2009年6月19日申请的标题为“HF功率转换电子器件的开发(DEVELOPMENT OF HF POWER CONVERSION ELECTRONICS)”的第61/218,838号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容特此以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及无线充电，且更具体地说，涉及与无线充电系统有关的装置、系统和方法。
背景技术
通常，例如无线电子装置等每种被供电的装置均需要其自身的有线充电器和电源，所述电源通常为交流电(AC)电源插座。当许多装置需要充电时，此有线配置变得不便操作。正在开发使用发射器与耦合到待充电电子装置的接收器之间的空中或无线功率发射的方法。接收天线收集辐射的功率，并将其整流为用于为所述装置供电或为所述装置的电池充电的可用功率。
可能存在以下情形：在若干可充电无线装置之中，一个无线可充电装置耗尽了操作电荷，而另一无线可充电装置具有充足的操作电荷。因此，需要允许从一个无线可充电装置到另一无线可充电装置的无线功率交换。
附图说明
图1说明无线功率发射系统的简化框图。
图2说明无线功率发射系统的简化示意图。
图3说明根据示范性实施例的环形天线的示意图。
图4说明根据示范性实施例的无线功率发射系统的功能框图。
图5A和图5B说明根据示范性实施例的双向无线功率装置。
图6A和图6B说明根据示范性实施例的经配置以用于双向无线功率发射的电子装置的各种操作情形。
图7说明根据示范性实施例的经配置以用于双向无线功率发射的电子装置的框图。
图8说明半桥整流器的电路图。
图9说明根据示范性实施例的无线功率发射系统的电路图。
图10说明根据另一示范性实施例的无线功率发射系统的电路图。
图11说明根据示范性实施例的用于收发无线功率的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
词语“示范性的”在本文中意味着“充当实例、例子或说明”。本文中被描述为“示范性的”任何实施例不一定要被理解为比其它实施例优选或有利。
希望下文结合附图阐述的详细描述是对本发明的示范性实施例的描述，且并不希望表示可实践本发明的仅有实施例。贯穿此描述所使用的术语“示范性”意味着“充当实例、例子或说明”，且应不一定将其解释为比其它示范性实施例优选或有利。出于提供对本发明的示范性实施例的透彻理解的目的，详细描述包括特定细节。所属领域的技术人员将显而易见，可在无这些特定细节的情况下实践本发明的示范性实施例。在一些情况下，以框图形式展示众所周知的结构及装置以避免使本文中所呈现的示范性实施例的新颖性模糊不清。
本文使用术语“无线功率”来表示在不使用物理电磁导体的情况下从发射器发射到接收器的与电场、磁场、电磁场或其它相关联的任何形式的能量。本文中描述系统中的功率转换以用无线方式为包含(例如)移动电话、无绳电话、iPod、MP3播放器、头戴耳机等的装置充电。一般来说，无线能量传送的一个基本原理包含使用例如30MHz以下的频率的磁性耦合谐振(即，谐振电感)。然而，可采用各种频率，包含准许相对高辐射电平下的免许可(license-exempt)操作的频率，例如135kHz(LF)以下或13.56MHz(HF)。在通常由射频识别(RFID)系统使用的这些频率下，系统必须遵守例如欧洲EN300330或美国FCC第15部分规范等干扰和安全标准。作为说明而非限制，本文使用缩写词LF和HF，其中“LF”指代f0＝135kHz且“HF”指代f0＝13.56MHz。
术语“NFC”还可包含RFID的功能性，且术语“NFC”与“RFID”可在兼容功能性允许此替换的情况下互换。一个术语或另一术语的使用不会被视为具有限制性。
术语“收发器”还可包含转发器的功能性，且术语“收发器”与“转发器”可在兼容功能性允许此替换的情况下互换。一个术语或另一术语的使用不应被视为具有限制性。
图1说明根据各种示范性实施例的无线功率发射系统100。将输入功率102提供到发射器104，以用于产生磁场106，用于提供能量传送。接收器108耦合到磁场106并产生输出功率110供耦合到输出功率110的装置(未图示)储存或消耗。发射器104与接收器108两者分开距离112。在一个示范性实施例中，发射器104和接收器108根据相互谐振关系而配置，且当接收器108的谐振频率与发射器104的谐振频率匹配时，当接收器108位于磁场106的“近场”时，发射器104与接收器108之间的发射损耗极小。
发射器104进一步包含用于提供用于能量发射的装置的发射天线114，且接收器108进一步包含用于提供用于能量接收或耦合的装置的接收天线118。发射天线和接收天线的大小根据应用和待与之相关联的装置来确定。如所陈述，通过将发射天线的近场中的能量的大部分耦合到接收天线而不是将电磁波中的大部分能量传播到远场而发生有效能量传送。在此近场中，可在发射天线114与接收天线118之间建立耦合。天线114和118周围的可能发生此近场耦合的区域在本文中称为耦合模式区。
图2展示无线功率发射系统的简化示意图。由输入功率102驱动的发射器104包含振荡器122、功率放大器或功率级124和滤波器及匹配电路126。振荡器经配置以产生所需频率，所述所需频率可响应于调节信号123来调节。振荡器信号可由功率放大器124用响应于控制信号125的功率输出放大。可包含滤波器及匹配电路126以滤除谐波或其它不想要的频率，且使发射器104的阻抗与发射天线114匹配。
电子装置120耦合到或包含接收器108。接收器108可包含匹配电路132和整流器及开关电路134以产生DC功率输出，用来为如图2所示的电池136充电或为装置120中耦合到接收器108的主机电子器件供电。可包含匹配电路132以使接收器108的阻抗与接收天线118匹配。
发射器104与接收器108之间也可存在通信信道119。如本文所描述，通信信道119可为近场通信(NFC)的形式。在本文所述的一个示范性实施例中，将通信信道119实施为与磁场106分离的信道，且在另一示范性实施例中，将通信信道119与磁场106组合。
如图3中说明，示范性实施例中使用的天线可配置为“环形”天线150，其在本文中也可称为“磁性”、“谐振”或“磁谐振”天线。环形天线可经配置以包含空气磁心或例如铁氧体磁心等物理磁心。此外，空气磁心环形天线允许将其它组件放置在磁心区域内。另外，空气磁心环可容易实现将接收天线118(图2)放置在发射天线114(图2)的耦合模式区可更有效的发射天线114(图2)的平面内。
如所陈述，发射器104与接收器108之间的能量的有效传送在发射器104与接收器108之间的匹配或近乎匹配的谐振期间发生。然而，即使当发射器104与接收器108之间的谐振不匹配时，能量也可在较低效率下传送。通过将来自发射天线的近场的能量耦合到驻留在建立此近场的邻域中的接收天线而不是将来自发射天线的能量传播到自由空间中而发生能量的传送。
环形天线的谐振频率是基于电感和电容。环形天线中的电感通常为环所形成的电感，而电容通常被添加到环形天线的电感以在所需谐振频率下形成谐振结构。作为一非限制性实例，可将电容器152和电容器154添加到天线以形成产生正弦或准正弦信号156的谐振电路。因此，对于较大直径的环形天线，引发谐振所需的电容大小随环的直径或电感的增加而减小。此外，随着环形天线的直径增加，近场的有效能量传送区域针对“短距离”耦合装置增加。当然，其它谐振电路也是可能的。作为另一非限制性实例，电容器可并联放置在环形天线的两个端子之间。另外，所属领域的一般技术人员将认识到，对于发射天线，谐振信号156可为对环形天线150的输入。
本发明的示范性实施例包含处于彼此的近场的两个天线之间的耦合功率。如所陈述，近场是天线周围存在电磁场但电磁场可能不会从天线传播或辐射出去的区域。其通常限于接近天线的物理体积的体积。在本发明的示范性实施例中，例如单匝或多匝环形天线等天线用于发射(Tx)和接收(Rx)天线系统两者，因为可能围绕天线的环境大部分为电介质且因此对磁场的影响比对电场小。此外，还预期主要配置为“电”天线(例如，偶极和单极)或磁性天线与电天线的组合的天线。
Tx天线可在足够低的频率下操作，且其天线大小足够大以实现在比早先提及的远场和电感方法所允许的显著更大的距离处到小Rx天线的良好耦合效率(例如，＞10％)。如果正确地确定了Tx天线的大小，则可在主机装置上的Rx天线放置在被驱动的Tx环形天线的耦合模式区(即，在近场或强耦合体系中)内时实现高耦合效率(例如，30％)。
此外，无线功率发射方法可能受包含装置定位的发射范围(例如，用于在几乎零距离处的充电解决方案的接近“超短距离”耦合，或用于短程无线功率解决方案的“短距离”耦合)影响。接近超短距离耦合应用(即，强耦合体系，耦合因数通常为k＞0.1)依据天线大小提供通常大约数毫米或数厘米的短或极短距离上的能量传送。短距离耦合应用(即，松散耦合体系，耦合因数通常为k＜0.1)依据天线大小提供通常10cm到2m范围内的距离上的相对低效率的能量传送。
图4说明根据示范性实施例的经配置以用于发射器与接收器之间的直接场耦合的无线功率发射系统的功能框图。无线功率发射系统200包含发射器204和接收器208。将输入功率PTXin提供给输入端口202处的发射器204，用于产生具有直接场耦合k的主要非辐射的场206，以用于提供能量传送。接收器208直接耦合到非辐射场206，且产生输出功率PRXout，用于供耦合到输出端口210的电池或负载236储存或消耗。发射器204和接收器208两者隔开某一距离。在一个示范性实施例中，发射器204和接收器208根据相互谐振关系而配置，且当接收器208的谐振频率f0与发射器204的谐振频率匹配时，在接收器208位于发射器204所产生的辐射场的“近场”中时，发射器204与接收器208之间的发射损耗极小。
发射器204进一步包含发射天线214，用于提供用于能量发射的装置，且接收器208进一步包含接收天线218，用于提供用于能量接收的装置。发射器204进一步包含发射功率转换电路220，其至少部分地充当AC/AC转换器。接收器208进一步包含接收功率转换电路222，其至少部分地充当AC/DC转换器。
本文描述的各种发射和接收天线配置使用形成谐振结构的电容性负载的线环或多匝线圈，所述谐振结构能够在发射天线214和接收天线218两者均调谐到共用谐振频率f0的情况下，经由磁场将来自发射天线214的能量高效地耦合到接收天线218。因此，描述在强耦合体系中对电子装置(例如移动电话)的高效无线充电，其中发射天线214和接收天线218非常靠近，从而产生通常高于30％的耦合因数。因此，本文描述由线环/线圈天线以及功率转换电路组成的各种发射器和接收器功率转换概念。
虽然无线功率发射可在无线功率发射系统中的一个装置包含发射器且另一装置包含接收器时发生，但单个装置可包含无线功率发射器和无线功率接收器两者。因此，此实施例可经配置以包含专用发射电路(例如，发射功率转换电路和发射天线)和专用接收器电路(例如，接收天线和接收功率转换电路)。由于装置不同时配置为无线功率发射器和无线功率接收器，因此包含天线的共用电路的再用是合乎需要的。因此，本文所揭示的各种示范性实施例识别双向功率发射，即，装置既在所述装置处接收无线功率又从所述装置发射无线功率的能力。
此配置的各种益处包含装置接收和储存无线功率且接着随后将所储存的功率发射或“捐赠”给另一接收或“吸收”装置的能力。因此，此配置也可被视为“同级”“慈善”充电配置。此装置充电布置在发生充电的地方提供相当大的便利(即，接收器或“吸收”装置无需从位于不便之处或不可用的充电垫接收电荷)。
图5A和图5B说明根据示范性实施例的双向无线功率装置。揭示电子装置(例如移动电话、头戴式耳机、MP3播放器等)的双向无线供电和充电，其中如图5A中所说明，电能可从功率基座302(例如充电垫)的功率转换电路220和发射天线214无线传送到如图5B中所说明的电子装置300的包含收发器天线306和双向功率转换电路308的双向无线功率收发器318。接着，如参看图5B所说明，将无线发射的功率储存在说明为电池310的负载中。接着通过电子装置300的双向功率转换电路308和收发器天线306将储存在电池310中的功率捐赠给另一电子装置304的接收天线312和功率转换电路314，以供消耗或储存在负载或电池316中。
如本文所描述，无线功率传送使用耦合谐振(例如，具有电容性负载的线环/线圈)，其能够在发射器和接收器均调谐到共用谐振频率的情况下，经由磁场或电场将来自发射器的能量高效地耦合到接收器。本文所描述的各种示范性实施例包含无线功率收发器，其包含谐振天线306和双向功率转换电路308，双向功率转换电路308可在至少两个象限中操作，这意味着双向功率转换电路308可用作功率吸收器(即，正向功率流)或用作电源(即，负向功率流)。集成到电子装置中的无线功率收发器300实现电能在类似配置的电子装置之间的无线交换。如本文所描述，双向功率转换电路308可包含同步整流器。
如所陈述，电子装置300经配置以用于双向无线功率发射。进一步参看图5A，在接收或“吸收”模式下，电池(例如功率储存装置)310可从AC电源线供电的功率基座(例如充电垫)302无线充电。进一步参看图5B，电子装置300可在发射或“施体”模式下反过来操作，以将无线功率发射到另一电子装置304以供在用于为电子装置304供电的电池316处操作及储存。
图6A和图6B说明根据示范性实施例的经配置以用于双向无线功率发射的电子装置的各种操作情形。具体地说，经配置以用于双向无线功率发射的电子装置300参加功率基座302的无线功率发射，其中电子装置300接收无线功率，且将接收到的功率储存在电池中。随后，电子装置300受到请求、自愿或以其它方式被招募作为所储存功率的施体。因此，一个或一个以上电子装置304A、304B通过无线功率发射过程从电子装置300接收功率。
预期在施体模式下操作的电子装置300的无线发射过程可为(例如)在紧急情况下将功率补给提供给另一装置304B(或至少为其提供临时充电)，或对微功率装置304A(例如头戴耳机、MP3播放器等)进行充电。为此，经由用户接口或响应于所允许的请求将装置A设置为施体模式。此外，施体电子装置300还可对其自身的可用功率执行能量管理，以避免施体电子装置300的电池内所储存的功率的过度损耗。因此，假定标准化的无线功率接口，装置可几乎在任何地方从可充当施体电子装置且提供充足电池容量的任何无线功率装置再充电或部分地再充电。
图7说明根据示范性实施例的经配置以用于双向无线功率发射的电子装置的框图。电子装置300包含天线306、双向功率转换电路308和开关326，开关326用于将功率供应给电池310或直接供应给主机装置电子器件324。双向功率转换电路308包含有源整流器(其实例为同步整流器320)，且可在VI平面的至少两个象限中操作。
双向功率转换电路308进一步包含频率产生和控制电路322，用于产生在所要(发射或接收)模式下操作同步整流器320且控制电子装置在施体模式下时共享其储存在电池310中的功率的程度所需的切换波形328。频率产生和控制电路322由主机装置电子器件324内的控件控制，所述控件还执行电池管理，且提供用于选择施体模式的用户接口。此外，当来自电池310的功率耗尽或以其它方式不可用时，同步整流器320也可将功率提供给频率产生和控制电路322。
如所描述，双向功率转换电路306中的有源整流器可配置为同步整流器。图8说明半桥整流器拓扑400的电路图，半桥整流器拓扑400包含串联谐振磁性天线及其双重拓扑420，其包含并联谐振磁性天线，其中“双重”是指电气工程中众所周知的电路的二重性。下文进一步描述的同步整流器电路是基于进一步布置成双重配置的半桥反相器(推拉D类放大器)拓扑。所述双重配置在较高频率(在HF下，例如＞1MHz)下相对于切换损耗和软切换提供性能益处，且适用于发射和接收功率转换。
如电路400中所说明，常规的半桥反相器设计包含与影响由切换晶体管的结电容引起的天线406的谐振的切换损耗有关的缺点。如图8中所说明，即使在应用零电流控制下的软切换时，在每一切换事件时结电容Cj 402也需要充电且结电容Cj′404也需要放电，或反之亦然，从而导致较高频率下的显著损耗。这与其对应的双重方案(即，串联到并联转换)相反，在其对应的双重方案中，可将结电容Cj 422和Cj′424视为合并成由C1以及结电容Cj 422和Cj′424组成的总电容。接着，调整总电容以在所要频率下实现天线426中的谐振。
电路420的电路拓扑以开关S1、S1′上的低dV/dt电压来执行，且实现零电压切换，类似于E类放大器电路。图9说明根据示范性实施例的无线功率发射系统的电路图。无线功率发射系统450包含双向无线功率收发器318T(其中“T”指示发射器配置)，其具有半桥有源整流器以及接收器454，所述半桥有源整流器配置成开关Q1和Q1′的切换电容合并成谐振电容C1。
双向无线功率收发器318T包含双向功率转换电路308T和天线306T。在双向功率转换电路308T中，半桥有源整流器包含开关Q1和Q1′，例如具有适当电压和电流额定值的一对匹配的场效晶体管(FET)。FET开关Q1和Q1′由频率产生和控制电路322T驱动并准确地控制，并由用于感测FET开关Q1和Q1′两者上的电压和电流的传感器470进一步监视。此外，低损耗零电压切换还依靠发射天线的槽电路L1和C1的准确调谐来消除槽电压与FET矩形电流波形之间的任何相移。在示范性实施例中，此调谐可通过调整电容器C1来执行。
尽管偶次谐波可能受对称拓扑(推拉)抑制，但串联谐振L-C电路(例如，调谐到第3次谐波)的形式的奇次谐波滤波可能额外地有用。这可使用调谐到发射天线的槽电路(L1和C1)上的谐波频率的额外的串联谐振(说明为谐波滤波器458T)来实现。
在单向装置(接收器)454中，半桥无源二极管整流器460对于电池462(例如Li离子)的低电压/高电流充电特别合适。半桥无源二极管整流器460将电池462的低负载电阻变换为较高的阻抗，从而使天线槽电路能够具有可实现的L-C比率，以改进接收器效率。
图10说明根据另一示范性实施例的无线功率发射系统的电路图。此示范性实施例在两个方向上同等地实现从一个依靠电池操作的装置到另一依靠电池操作的装置的能量交换。无线功率发射系统500包含双向无线功率收发器318T(其中“T”指示发射器配置或发射模式)和双向无线功率收发器318R(其中“R”指示接收器配置或接收模式)。
双向无线功率收发器318T包含双向功率转换电路308T和天线306T。在双向功率转换电路308T中，半桥有源整流器包含开关Q1和Q1′，例如具有适当电压和电流额定值的一对匹配的场效晶体管(FET)。FET开关Q1和Q1′由频率产生和控制电路322T驱动并准确地控制，且由用于感测FET开关Q1和Q1′两者上的电压和电流的传感器470进一步监视。此外，低损耗零电压切换还依靠发射天线306T的槽电路L1和C1的准确调谐来消除槽电压与FET矩形电流波形之间的任何相移。在示范性实施例中，此调谐可通过调整电容器C1来执行。
尽管偶次谐波可能受对称拓扑(推拉)抑制，但串联谐振L-C电路(例如，调谐到第3次谐波)的形式的奇次谐波滤波可能额外地有用。这可使用调谐到发射天线的槽电路(L1和C1)上的谐波频率的额外的串联谐振(说明为谐波滤波器458T)来实现。
双向无线功率收发器318R包含双向功率转换电路308R和天线306R。在双向功率转换电路308R中，半桥有源整流器包含开关Q2和Q2′，例如具有适当电压和电流额定值的一对匹配的场效晶体管(FET)。FET开关Q2和Q2′由频率产生和控制电路322R驱动并准确地控制，且由用于感测FET开关Q2和Q2′两者上的电压和电流的传感器470进一步监视。可用锁相环的方式不断地调整驱动波形，以达到与天线感应电流的频率和相位同步，以便提供最大或所要的DC功率输出。不同于对调谐接收天线的槽电路L2和C2的发射模式要求的是，在接收模式下要求不太高，且可容忍与谐振的某些偏差。因此，对(例如)电容器C2的调整可以不太准确或压根不使用。
尽管偶次谐波可能受对称拓扑(推拉)抑制，但串联谐振L-C电路(例如，调谐到第3次谐波)的形式的奇次谐波滤波可能额外地有用。这可使用调谐到发射天线的槽电路(L1和C1)上的谐波频率的额外的串联谐振(说明为谐波滤波器458R)来实现。
在接收或吸收模式下，双向功率转换电路308充当同步整流器，且是基于感测到的电压来控制开关。示范性实施例还可包含跨越开关Q1和Q1′的分路二极管(未图示)。这些开关Q1和Q1′确保所述电路在电池被耗尽的情况下自恢复。具体地说，电路开始对接收到的高频功率进行整流，以将功率提供给频率产生和控制电路322。
图11说明根据示范性实施例的用于收发无线功率的方法的流程图。用于收发无线功率的方法600由本文所描述的各种结构和电路支持。方法600包含步骤602，用于从响应于磁近场而谐振的天线接收感应电流，且在双向功率转换电路配置为接收模式时，通过双向功率转换电路将感应电流整流成DC功率。方法600进一步包含步骤604，用于通过双向功率转换电路在谐振频率下从所储存的DC功率产生进入天线中的感应电流，且在双向功率转换电路配置为发射模式时从所述天线产生磁近场。
所属领域的技术人员将理解，可使用多种不同技术和技法中的任一者来表示控制信息和信号。举例来说，可由电压、电流、电磁波、磁场或磁粒子、光场或光粒子或其任何组合来表示可贯穿以上描述而参考的数据、指令、命令、信息、信号、位、符号和码片。
所属领域的技术人员将进一步了解，结合本文中所揭示的实施例而描述的各种说明性逻辑块、模块、电路和算法步骤可实施为电子硬件，且由计算机软件控制，或上述两者的组合。为清楚说明硬件与软件的这种可互换性，上文已大致关于其功能性而描述了各种说明性组件、块、模块、电路和步骤。将此功能性作为硬件还是软件来实施和控制取决于特定应用以及强加于整个系统的设计约束。所属领域的技术人员可针对每一特定应用以不同方式实施所描述的功能性，但此些实施决策不应被解释为会导致脱离本发明的示范性实施例的范围。
结合本文所揭示的实施例而描述的各种说明性逻辑块、模块和电路可用经设计以执行本文所描述的功能的通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑装置、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件或其任何组合来控制。通用处理器可为微处理器，但在替代方案中，处理器可为任何常规的处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器还可实施为计算装置的组合，例如，DSP与微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、一个或一个以上微处理器与DSP核心的联合，或任何其它此配置。
结合本文中所揭示的实施例而描述的方法或算法的控制步骤可直接体现于硬件中、由处理器执行的软件模块中或所述两者的组合中。软件模块可驻存在随机存取存储器(RAM)、快闪存储器、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、寄存器、硬磁盘、可装卸磁盘、CD-ROM或此项技术中已知的任何其它形式的存储媒体中。将示范性存储媒体耦合到处理器，使得所述处理器可从存储媒体读取信息和将信息写入到存储媒体。在替代方案中，存储媒体可与处理器成一体式。处理器和存储媒体可驻存在ASIC中。ASIC可驻存在用户终端中。在替代方案中，处理器和存储媒体可作为离散组件驻存在用户终端中。
在一个或一个以上示范性实施例中，所描述的控制功能可实施于硬件、软件、固件或其任一组合中。如果实施于软件中，那么可将功能作为一个或一个以上指令或代码而在计算机可读媒体上存储或经由计算机可读媒体传输。计算机可读媒体包括计算机存储媒体与包括促进计算机程序从一处传递到另一处的任何媒体的通信媒体两者。存储媒体可为可由计算机存取的任何可用媒体。以实例方式(且并非限制)，所述计算机可读媒体可包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其它光盘存储装置、磁盘存储装置或其它磁性存储装置，或可用于载送或存储呈指令或数据结构的形式的所要程序代码且可由计算机存取的任何其它媒体。同样，可恰当地将任何连接称作计算机可读媒体。举例来说，如果使用同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线、数字订户线(DSL)或例如红外线、无线电和微波等无线技术从网站、服务器或其它远程源传输软件，那么同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线、DSL或例如红外线、无线电及微波等无线技术包括于媒体的定义中。本文中所使用的磁盘和光盘包括压缩光盘(CD)、激光光盘、光学光盘、数字多功能光盘(DVD)、软磁盘和蓝光光盘，其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再现数据，而光盘使用激光以光学方式再现数据。上述的组合也应包括在计算机可读媒体的范围内。
提供对所揭示的示范性实施例的先前描述是为了使所属领域的技术人员能够制作或使用本发明。所属领域的技术人员将易于了解对这些示范性实施例的各种修改，且在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，本文中界定的一般原理可应用于其它实施例。因此，本发明无意限于本文中所展示的实施例，而是将被赋予与本文所揭示的原理和新颖特征一致的最广范围。

Claims (21)

1.一种无线功率收发器，其包括：
天线，其包含谐振器，所述谐振器经配置以响应于大体上未经调制的载波频率而谐振；以及
双向功率转换电路，其耦合到并联谐振器，所述双向功率转换电路可重新配置以将在所述天线处接收到的感应电流整流成DC功率，且在谐振频率下从所储存的DC功率产生进入所述天线中的感应电流。
2.根据权利要求1所述的收发器，其中所述双向功率转换电路包括同步整流器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的收发器，其中所述同步整流器包含至少两个相反激活的开关，所述开关包含跨越其的分路二极管，以在激活所述开关之前对接收到的无线功率进行整流。
4.根据权利要求1所述的收发器，其中所述双向功率转换电路包含与所述并联谐振器中的电容相加的切换电容。
5.根据权利要求4所述的收发器，其中所述并联谐振器的谐振频率至少部分地基于所述切换电容来确定。
6.根据权利要求1所述的收发器，其中所述双向功率转换电路经配置以作为去往所述天线的电源和作为来自所述天线的功率吸收器而操作。
7.一种装置，其包括：
电池，其用于储存和捐赠功率；以及
无线功率收发器，其耦合到所述电池，且经配置以通过双向功率转换电路将从谐振磁近场接收到的无线接收的功率储存在所述电池中，且通过所述双向功率转换电路无线发射来自所述电池的功率以产生谐振磁近场。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中所述双向功率转换电路包括同步整流器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中所述同步整流器包含至少一个开关，其具有与之相关联的切换电容，所述同步整流器配置成使得所述切换电容补充与经配置以在所述磁近场中谐振的天线相关联的电容。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中所述天线的谐振频率至少部分地基于所述切换电容来确定。
11.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其中所述同步整流器包含至少两个相反激活的开关，所述开关包含跨越其的分路二极管，以在激活所述开关之前对接收到的无线功率进行整流。
12.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其进一步包括经配置以限制从所述电池捐赠过量功率的主机装置电子器件。
13.一种用于收发无线功率的方法，其包括：
从响应于磁近场而谐振的天线接收感应电流，且在双向功率转换电路配置为接收模式时，通过所述双向功率转换电路将所述感应电流整流成DC功率；以及
通过所述双向功率转换电路在谐振频率下从所储存的DC功率产生进入所述天线中的感应电流，且在所述双向功率转换电路配置为发射模式时，从所述天线产生磁近场。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述整流包括将所述感应电流有源切换为所述DC功率。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中基于所产生的波形而使所述整流和所述产生所述感应电流时间同步。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中产生所述感应电流进一步包含至少部分地基于所述双向功率转换电路中的加性切换电容来确定所述谐振频率。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其进一步包括在所述所储存的DC功率有限时，限制产生所述磁近场。
18.一种无线功率收发器，其包括：
用于从响应于磁近场而谐振的天线接收感应电流的装置，和用于在双向功率转换电路配置为接收模式时通过所述双向功率转换电路将所述感应电流整流成DC功率的装置；以及
用于通过所述双向功率转换电路在谐振频率下从所储存的DC功率产生进入所述天线中的感应电流的装置，和用于在所述双向功率转换电路配置为发射模式时从所述天线产生磁近场的装置。
19.根据权利要求18所述的无线功率收发器，其中所述整流包括将所述感应电流有源切换为所述DC功率。
20.根据权利要求18所述的无线功率收发器，其中所述整流和所述产生所述感应电流基于所产生的波形而时间同步。
21.根据权利要求18所述的无线功率收发器，其中产生所述感应电流进一步包含至少部分地基于所述双向功率转换电路中的加性切换电容来确定所述谐振频率。
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WO2010028092A1 (en) 2010-03-11
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US8947041B2 (en) 2015-02-03
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JP2012502612A (ja) 2012-01-26
JP2014239645A (ja) 2014-12-18
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