CN102176195B - 触敏计算系统、电容性触摸传感板及相关屏蔽方法 - Google Patents

触敏计算系统、电容性触摸传感板及相关屏蔽方法 Download PDF

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CN102176195B
CN102176195B CN201110151312.9A CN201110151312A CN102176195B CN 102176195 B CN102176195 B CN 102176195B CN 201110151312 A CN201110151312 A CN 201110151312A CN 102176195 B CN102176195 B CN 102176195B
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S·P·霍特林
B·R·兰德
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有保护层和组合驱动层的双面触敏板。使用在基底每面上形成列和行迹线的基底生成多触摸电容性触摸传感板。为了将列(传感)迹线从邻近的液晶显示器(LCD)中的调制的Vcom层电容耦合或任何电容耦合源的影响中屏蔽开，可加宽所述行迹线以屏蔽列迹线，并且可以将行迹线接近于LCD而设置。具体地，可以加宽行使得在邻近的行迹线间有大约30微米的空间。以这种方式，行迹线起到双重功能：驱动触摸传感板，以及将较为敏感的列(传感)迹线从电容耦合的影响屏蔽开。

Description

触敏计算系统、电容性触摸传感板及相关屏蔽方法
本申请是申请号为200810125849.6，申请日为2008年1月3日、发明名称为“具有保护层和组合驱动层的双面触敏板”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及触摸传感板(touch sensor panel)，并且更具体地，涉及在同一基底的两面形成行和列的电容性多触摸传感板。
背景技术
在计算机系统中，现在可以获得多种执行各种操作的输入设备，例如，按钮或者按键，鼠标，跟踪球，触摸板，操纵杆，触摸屏等等。触摸屏，特别地，由于其操作的简单和多样性以及价格的降低已经越来越流行了。触摸屏可以包括一个触摸板，其可以是具有触敏表面的清晰的板。可以将触摸板放在显示屏前面，使得触敏表面覆盖显示屏的可观察区域。触摸屏能够允许用户通过仅仅使用手指或者触摸笔来接触该显示屏来作出选择以及移动光标。大体上讲，触摸屏能够识别在显示屏上的触摸以及触摸的位置，并且计算系统能够解释该触摸，然后基于触摸事件执行一个动作。
触摸板可以包括能够检测触摸事件(使用手指或者其他物体在触敏表面的触摸)的触摸传感器阵列。未来的触摸板能够检测多重触摸(使用手指或者其他物体大约在同一时间在触敏表面不同位置的触摸)以及相近触摸(手指或者其他物体在触摸传感器检测能力范围内相近区域)，并且识别和跟踪其位置。多触摸板的例子在申请人的同样未决的名为“多点触摸屏”的美国申请NO.10/842,862中描述，其于2004年5月6日提交并且于2006年5月11日被公开为美国公开申请NO.2006/0097991，其内容在此处被引用。
电容性的触摸传感板由绝缘体的相对两面上的行和列的迹线构成。在这些迹线彼此上下穿越(但是它们彼此并不发生直接的电接触)的“交叉点”上，这些迹线实际上构成了两个电极。在显示设备上使用的传统的触摸板典型地具有一个玻璃质的上层，其上蚀刻有氧化锡铟(ITO)或氧化锡锑(ATO)的透明列迹线，还具有一个玻璃的下层，其上蚀刻有ITO的行迹线。然而如果导电材料足够薄(在30微米数量级上)，则不需要使用透明迹线。而且，如果不需要透明的触摸板(例如，触摸板没有用在显示设备上)，则可以使用例如铜的不透明材料来制作导电材料。上层和下层玻璃质层被透明聚合物制成的间隔层分开，所述间隔层在行和列迹线之间作为绝缘材料。上层和下层玻璃质层的迹线可具有大约5mm的间距。
为了扫描传感板，向一行施加一激励，而其他行保持DC电压电平。当一个行被激发，一个被调制的输出信号会电容性耦合到该传感板的列上。所述列会连接到模拟通道上(此处也称为事件检测和解调电路)。对于被激发的每一行，与列相连的每一个模拟通道都生成一个输出值，其代表着由于触摸或者停留事件而引起的在经调制的输出信号中的变化量，所述触摸或者停留事件在位于被激发的行和与其相连的列的交叉点的传感器上发生。当获得了传感板每一列的模拟通道输出值之后，激发一个新行(其他行重新保持在DC电压电平)，于是获得另外的模拟通道输出值。当所有的行都被激发并获得模拟通道输出值时，传感板被称为“已扫描”，并且获得了在整个传感板上的关于触摸或者停留的完整“图像”。触摸或者停留的图像可包含板上每个像素(行和列)的模拟通道输出值，每一个输出值代表在特定位置上检测到的触摸或者停留的数量。
由于行必须或者是被AC信号激发或者是被维持在一个DC电压电平上，并且由于列必须连接到模拟通道上使得经调制的输出信号能够被检测到、解调并转化成输出值，必须在传感板绝缘材料的两面以行和列形成电连接。由于行和列彼此垂直，连接这些行和列的最直接的方法就是在传感板的一个边缘(例如四边形板的短边)粘接挠性电路用以提供到列的连接，并且在传感板的相邻边缘(例如四边形板的长边)粘接另外的挠性电路用以提供到行的连接。然而，由于这些挠性 电路连接区域不在传感板的同一边并且它们不是绝缘材料的直接相对的两面，因此传感板必须做得大一些以容纳这两个不重叠的连接区域。
进一步地，当一个透明电容性触摸传感板被粘接到液晶显示器(LCD)上时，LCD上的调制的Vcom层会耦合到传感板的列上，这样在列上引起了噪声。
发明内容
使用具有用新的制造工艺在基底两面形成有行和列迹线的基底来生成一种多触摸传感板。可使用挠性电路将传感板两面的行和列迹线连接到与其相关联的传感板电路。所述迹线使用铜或其他高导电性金属制成，其沿着基底的边缘延伸，可被用于将行迹线引到基底上与列迹线相同的边缘，使得挠性电路可在基底的直接相对的两面上被连接到同一边缘上，最小化了连接所需要的区域并且降低了传感板的总体尺寸。单一挠性电路能够被制成，以连接到基底的同一边缘处直接相对两面上的行和列。进一步地，行迹线可以加宽以屏蔽来自被调制的Vcom层的列迹线。
能够用多种制作方法在DITO基底的两面都形成列和行的ITO迹线。在一个实施例中，基底被放置在制造机器的滚轮上并且ITO层被喷射到DITO基底的第一面上，接着进行蚀刻(例如使用光刻工艺)来形成列迹线。然后在列迹线上涂覆光刻胶保护涂层(例如，两层光刻胶)，并且翻转DITO基底使得滚轮仅与涂覆在第一面上的光刻胶接触而不与形成的列迹线接触。之后将ITO的另一层喷射到现在暴露的DITO基底的背面，并且刻蚀以形成行迹线508。
如果不需要金属迹线，那么第一面上的光刻胶可被剥去以结束制作过程。然而，如果在边缘需要金属迹线以连接到行迹线上并且将它们引到基底的特定边缘上，则可以在行迹线上涂覆光刻胶保护涂层(例如两层光刻胶)，所述的边缘暴露在外。然后在光刻胶和暴露的边缘上喷涂金属层，接着对金属层进行蚀刻从而在边缘上形成金属迹线。最后，剥掉所有剩余的光刻胶层。
在单一挠性电路上形成挠性电路部分以在DITO基底的两面分别地连接到行和列迹线，并且连接到主机处理器。挠性电路还能够包括 一个电路区域，在其上可以安装并连接多触摸子系统，多触摸板处理器，高电压驱动器和解码电路，EEPROM和一些重要的小电路元件例如旁路电容等，以节省空间。
根据本发明的实施例，为了屏蔽的目的，以及为了提供统一的外观，也可以加宽DITO基底上的行。为了避免调制的Vcom层电容耦合到基底的列上，可以加宽行。行的数量不变，但是可以宽很多，在它们彼此中间仅留大约30微米间距。由于这些较宽的行并不绝缘，而是保持在DC电压上或者用激发电压来激发，因此这些较宽的行起屏蔽作用，避免经调制的Vcom层电容耦合到列上。另外，由于它们之间的间距窄，较宽的行提供了一个统一的外观。于是，单一ITO层提供了屏蔽、调制和统一的外观。
附图说明
图1示出了示例性计算系统，其可使用根据本发明一个实施例的电容多触摸传感板进行操作。
图2a示出了根据本发明一个实施例的示例性电容多触摸传感板。
图2b是根据本发明一个实施例的稳定状态(没有触摸)条件下的示例性像素的侧视图。
图2c是根据本发明一个实施例的动态(触摸)条件下的示例性像素的侧视图。
图3是示例性电容触摸传感板的分解透视图，该电容触摸传感板由一个玻璃质的上层和一个玻璃质的下层构成，所述玻璃质的上层上蚀刻形成了透明的ITO列迹线，所述玻璃质的下层上蚀刻形成了ITO行迹线。
图4显示了根据本发明一个实施例的示例性的电容触摸传感板，其使用双面ITO(DITO)基底制造，在基底的两面都形成有列和行ITO迹线并且在覆盖层和LCD之间使用透明粘结剂结合。
图5是根据本发明一个实施例的示例性DITO基底(仅为了图示的目的将其厚度夸大)的分解透视图，在其每面都形成了行和列。
图6示出了根据本发明一个实施例的示例性挠性电路，包括用于在DITO基底的两面分别连接到行和列迹线的挠性电路部分，以及用于 连接到主机处理器的挠性电路部分。
图7是示例性DITO基底(仅为了图示的目的将其厚度夸大)的分解透视图，在其两面都形成了行和列，并且在行和列间有小片绝缘方块以提供统一的外观。
图8与覆盖层和液晶显示器(LCD)一起显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的示例性的双面触摸板的层叠结构。
图9是根据本发明的一个实施例的示例性的DITO基底的透视图(仅为了图示的目的将其厚度夸大)，显示了用于屏蔽目的和用于提供统一外观的加宽的行。
图10a显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的示例性移动电话，其可包括电容触摸传感板和能够与基底两面都连接的挠性电路。
图10b显示了根据本发明的实施例的示例性数字音频播放器，其可包括电容触摸传感板和能够与基底两面都连接的挠性电路。
具体实施方式
在下面对优选实施例的描述中，对构成了说明书一部分的附图进行了参考，在附图中以图示的方式显示了实现本发明的特定实施例。应该明白，也可以使用其他实施例并且在不偏离本发明优选实施例的基础上作出结构性的改变。
多触摸传感板和其相关的传感板电路能够检测几乎同时发生的多重触摸(触摸事件或者触点)，并且识别和跟踪它们的位置。图1显示了根据本发明实施例的示例性计算系统100，其可使用电容多触摸传感板124进行操作。使用新颖的制造方法在基底的两面形成列和行迹线，使用这样的基底生成多触摸传感板124。挠性电路用于将传感板两面的行和列迹线连接到与其相关的传感板电路。所述迹线使用铜或其他高导电性金属制成，其沿着基底的边缘延伸，可被用于将行迹线引到基底上与列迹线相同的边缘，使得挠性电路被连接到基底的直接相对两面的同一边缘上，最小化连接所需要的区域并且降低了传感板的总体尺寸。单一挠性电路能够被制成，以连接到基底的同一边缘的直接相对两面上的行和列。进一步地，行迹线可以加宽以屏蔽来自被调制的Vcom层的列迹线。
计算系统100可包括一个或多个板处理器102和外设104，以及板子系统(panel subsystem)106。所述一个或多个板处理器102可以包括，例如，ARM968处理器或者具有相似功能和能力的其他处理器。然而，在其他实施例中，板处理器功能可以由例如状态机的专用逻辑来替代实现。外设104能够包括，但是不限于，随机存取存储器(RAM)或者其他类型的存储和储存设备，监视定时器等。
板子系统106可以包括，但是不限于，一个或者多个模拟通道108，通道扫描逻辑110以及驱动逻辑114。通道扫描逻辑110能够访问RAM112，从模拟通道中自主读取数据并且为模拟通道提供控制。所述控制可包括将多触摸板124的列多路复用到模拟通道108。另外，通道扫描逻辑110能够控制驱动逻辑和有选择的施加在多触摸板124的行上的激发信号。在一些实施例中，板子系统106，板处理器102和外设104可以被集成在一个单一特定用途集成电路(ASIC)中。
驱动逻辑114可提供多个板子系统输出116并且能够提供驱动高电压驱动器的专有界面，所述驱动器包括解码器120以及后续的电平转换器(level shifter)和驱动器级118，虽然电平转换功能可以在解码功能之前实现。电平转换器和驱动器118提供从低电压电平(例如CMOS电平)到较高电压电平的电平转换，为减少噪声提供了较好信号-噪声比(S/N)。解码器120可将该驱动界面信号解码为N个输出中的一个输出信号，其中N是板上的行的最大数目。解码器120可被用于减少在高电压驱动器和板124之间所需的驱动线数目。每一个板的行输入122能驱动板124上的一个或多个行。在一些实施例中，驱动器118和解码器120可以被集成到一个单一的ASIC上。然而，在另一些实施例中，驱动器118和解码器120可以被集成到驱动逻辑114中，并且在另一些实施例中，驱动器118和解码器120可以被完全省略。
计算系统100还可以包括主机处理器128以用于从板处理器102接收输出并且基于该输出执行动作，动作可以包括，但不限于，移动一个例如光标或指针的对象，滚动或扫视，调整控制设置，打开一个文件或者文档，查看菜单，作选择，执行指令，操作与主设备相连的外设，应答电话，打电话，结束电话，改变音量或者音频设置，存储与 电话通信相关的信息例如地址，常用拨号，已接电话，未接电话，登录计算机或者计算机网络，允许授权的个人访问计算机或者计算机网络的受限区域，加载用户喜爱的计算机桌面配置相关的用户配置文件，允许访问网络内容，运行特定程序，加密或解码消息，等等。主计算机128也可以执行其他与板处理不相关的功能，并且可与程序存储器132和例如液晶显示器(LCD)的显示设备130相耦合以便为设备的用户提供UI。
如上所述，多触摸板124在一些实施例中包括具有被绝缘材料分离的多个行迹线或驱动线以及多个列迹线或传感线的电容性传感介质(虽然也可以使用其他的传感介质)。在一些实施例中，绝缘材料可以是透明的，例如玻璃，或者可以由其他材料例如聚酯薄膜制成。行和列迹线可由例如ITO或者ATO的透明导电介质制成，但也可以使用其他透明或者不透明的材料例如铜。在一些实施例中，行和列迹线彼此垂直，而在其他实施例中，可以出现其他非直角和非笛卡儿方向的角度。例如，在极坐标系统中，传感线可以是同心圆并且驱动线可以是径向发散的线(或者相反)。应该明白，因此，此处使用的术语“行”和“列”，“第一维”和“第二维”，或者“第一轴”和“第二轴”意图包括不止是正交网格还包括其他具有第一和第二维度(例如极坐标布置中的同心和径向线)的其它几何结构的交叉迹线。
在迹线的“交叉”处，迹线在彼此之上或之下经过(但是彼此没有直接的电接触)，这些迹线实际上形成了两个电极(尽管也可能出现多于两个迹线的交叉)。每一个行和列迹线的交叉点表示了电容传感节点并且可以被看作是图像元素(像素)126，其在多触摸传感板124被视作捕捉触摸的“图像”时是非常有用的。(也就是说，多触摸子系统106确定了在多触摸板的每一个触摸传感器上是否检测到触摸事件后，在发生触摸事件的多触摸板上的触摸传感器的模式(pattern)被看作是触摸的“图像”(例如手指触摸该触摸板的模式)。)当给定行保持在DC时，在行和列电极间的电容可以看作是所有列上的寄生电容并且当给定行被AC信号激发时作为互电容Csig。在多触摸板上的手指或者其他物体的靠近或者触摸可通过测量Csig的改变来被检测。多触摸板124的列能够在多触摸子系统106中驱动一个或者多个模拟通道 108(在此也被称为事件检测和解调电路)。在一些实施例中，每一列耦合至一个专用模拟通道108。然而，在其他实施例中，所述列通过模拟开关耦合至少数几个模拟通道108。
图2a显示了示例性的电容多触摸板200。图2a显示了在位于行204和列206迹线交叉处的每个像素202上出现的寄生电容Cstray(为了图示简单的目的，在图2a中仅仅在一列上显示了Cstray)。请注意，尽管图2a示出的行204和列206基本上是垂直的，如上所述，它们不需要如此排列。在图2a的例子中，AC激发信号Vstim 214被施加在一行上，而所有其他的行连接到DC。所述激发信号通过交叉点的互电容将电荷注入到列电极上。所述电荷是Qsig＝Csig×Vstim。每一列206被有选择地连接到一个或者多个模拟通道上(见图1中的模拟通道108)。
图2b是稳定状态(没有触摸)条件下的示例性像素202的侧视图。在图2b中显示了在被绝缘材料210分开的列迹线206和行迹线204或电极之间的互电容的电场线208的电场。
图2c是动态(触摸)条件下的示例性像素202的侧视图。在图2c中，将手指212临近像素202放置。手指212是信号频率上的低阻抗对象，并且具有从列迹线204到身体的AC电容Cfinger。身体到地具有大约200pF的自电容Cbody，其中Cbody比Cfinger大得多。如果手指212在行和列电极之间阻挡了一些电场线208(那些离开绝缘材料并且穿过行电极上方的空气的边缘场)，则这些电场线通过手指和身体固有的电容路径被分流接地，并且结果，稳定状态信号电容Csig减少了ΔCsig。也就是说，相连的身体和手指的电容将Csig减去ΔCsig的数值(此处也可以被称为Csig_sense)，并且可以用作到地的分流或者动态回路，阻挡一些电场导致减少了净信号电容。所述像素上的信号电容变为Csig-ΔCsig，其中Csig表示稳定(无触摸)分量，而ΔCsig表示动态(有触摸)分量。注意，由于手指，手掌或其他物体不能阻挡所有电场，特别是全部留在绝缘材料中的那些电场，Csig-ΔCsig永远是非零的。另外，应该明白，当手指用力按压或者更完全地接触该多触板，手指可能会变得更平坦，阻挡越来越多的电场，那么ΔCsig是可变的并且表示了手指按压在所述板上的程度(例如，从 “无触摸”到“完全触摸”的范围)。
重新参考图2a，如上所述，Vstim信号214可被施加到多触摸板200的一行，使得当手指，手掌或者其他物体出现时能够检测到信号电容改变。可生成Vstim信号214作为特定频率的一个或者多个脉冲序列216，每个脉冲序列包括多个脉冲。尽管脉冲序列216被图示为方形波，也可以使用例如正弦波的其他波形。为了减少噪声的目的，可以发送不同频率的多个脉冲序列216来进行检测并且避免噪声频率。Vstim信号214实质上向行中注入了电荷，可以将上述Vstim信号214一次应用在多触摸板200的一行上，同时其他行都保持DC电平。然而，在其它实施例中，多触摸板可以被分为两个或者多个区域，在每一个区域的一行上同步应用Vstim信号214而在所述区域的所有其他行都保持DC电压。
耦合到某列上的每一个模拟通道测量在该列和行之间形成的互电容。所述互电容包括信号电容Csig和任何由手指，手掌或者身体的其他部分或者物体的出现引起的信号电容的改变Csig_sense。这些由模拟通道提供的列的值可以在单个行被激发时被并行提供，或也可以串行提供。如果获得了所有代表列的信号电容的值，则多触摸板200上另一行被激发，而其他行保持在DC电压，并且可重复列信号电容测量。最终，如果Vstim施加到所有行上，并且捕捉了所有行上的所有列的信号电容值(例如“扫描”了整个多触摸板200)，那么为整个多触摸板200获取了所有像素值的“快照”。这些快照数据首先可存放在多触摸子系统中，然后由例如主机处理器的计算系统中的其它设备传递输出用于解释。由于获得了多个快照，并由计算系统保存和解释，那么检测，跟踪以及利用多触摸执行其他功能就是可能的了。
如上所述，由于行能够被AC信号激发或者保持在DC电压电平，并且由于列需要连接到模拟通道使得调制的输出信号能够被检测、解调以及转化成输出值，在传感板绝缘材料的每面都必须形成行和列的电连接。
图3是示例性电容触摸传感板300的分解透视图，其由一个玻璃质的上层302和一个玻璃质的下层306构成，所述玻璃质的上层302上蚀刻形成了透明的ITO列迹线304，所述玻璃质的下层306上蚀刻形 成了ITO行迹线308。上层和下层玻璃质层302和306被透明聚合物间隔层310分隔，聚合物间隔层310用作行和列迹线之间的绝缘材料。由于行和列彼此垂直，连接这些行和列最直接的方式是在传感板的一个边缘粘接挠性电路312，而在传感板的相邻边缘粘接另一个挠性电路314。然而，挠性电路312和挠性电路314的连接区域不在传感板300的同一边缘上并且不是在绝缘材料310的直接相对两面上，所以传感板必须要做得更大以容纳这两个不重叠的连接区域。
由于在单一基底的两面形成列和行迹线还不能实际应用，因此电容触摸传感板典型地在如图3所示的两片玻璃上形成行和列迹线。在基底的一面形成ITO迹线的常规方法需要在制造过程中把基底放置在滚轮上。然而，如果接着将基底反过来在第二面上制造ITO迹线，那么滚轮将破坏在基底的第一面上已经制造好的任何迹线。另外，当使用蚀刻工艺蚀刻掉ITO的一部分以在基底的一面上制造迹线时，整个基底传统上被放置在蚀刻槽中，在基底的另一面上先前制造的任何迹线都会被蚀刻掉。
图4显示了根据本发明实施例的示例性的电容触摸传感板400，使用双面ITO(DITO)基底402制造，其在基底的每面都分别具有列和行ITO迹线404和406，并且在覆盖层408和LCD 410之间使用透明粘结剂412粘接。基底402可以使用玻璃，塑料，玻璃/塑料混合材料等等制造。覆盖层408可以使用玻璃，丙烯酸，蓝宝石等制造。为了分别地连接列和行迹线404和406，将两个挠性电路部分414粘接在DITO 402同一边缘上的直接相对的两面上，尽管也可以采用其他的粘接位置。
图5是根据本发明实施例的示例性DITO基底500(仅为了图示的目的将其厚度夸大)的分解透视图，在其每面都形成了列502和行508。在顶面上的一些列ITO迹线502被连接到颈端较小的连接器区域504，这里由挠性电路部分506引导它们分布在触摸传感板外，所述挠性电路部分506导电性地连接到DITO基底500的顶面。在一些实施例中，底面上的行ITO迹线508可以连接到沿着底面边缘延伸的较薄的金属迹线510上。金属迹线510导向到连接器区域512，其可与连接器区域504直接相对，或者至少在DITO基底500上与连接器区域504相 同的边缘上。在DITO基底500的同一边缘上提供连接器区域504和512可以使基底以及相应整个产品变小。可以使用另一个挠性电路部分514将行ITO迹线508引出触摸传感板。
列和行ITO迹线502和508可以使用多种制造方法形成在DITO基底500的两面上。在一个实施例中，将基底放置在制造机器的滚轮上并且将一层ITO喷射在DITO基底500的第一面上，并且进行蚀刻(例如使用光刻技术)以形成列迹线502。接着在列迹线502上涂覆光刻胶的保护涂层(例如两层光刻胶)，并且将DITO基底500翻过来，从而滚轮仅与第一面上施加的光刻胶接触而不与所形成的列迹线相接触。接着将另一层ITO喷射到现在暴露的DITO基底500的背面并且进行蚀刻以生成行迹线508。
如果不需要金属迹线510，第一面上的光刻胶可被剥去以结束整个过程。然而，如果在边缘上需要金属迹线510来连接行迹线508并且将它们引到基底的特定边缘，那么可以在行迹线508上施加光刻胶保护涂层(例如两层光刻胶)，而使边缘暴露。然后将金属层喷射到光刻胶和暴露的边缘上，然后在边缘上蚀刻金属层以形成金属迹线510。最后，剥去所有剩余的光刻胶层。
可以对上面描述的过程作些微小的变化。例如可以通过使用非常简单的几何学方法仅仅覆盖DITO基底第二面的内部区域同时使边缘区域暴露，而首先对光刻胶进行构图，从而形成DITO基底构图的第二面。为了这个变化，先喷射金属，然后剥离具有简单几何形状的光刻胶使得仅留下区域边缘中的金属。接着在DITO基底的整个第二面上喷射ITO。接着涂覆和构图第二光刻胶层以形成电极图案的掩膜。随后在最顶上的ITO层和其下的金属层上进行一系列蚀刻步骤以形成电极图案。第一个蚀刻步骤仅蚀刻ITO，第二蚀刻步骤仅蚀刻产生所需的电极几何图案的金属层。
图6示出了根据本发明实施例的示例性挠性电路600，包括挠性电路部分606和614以用于在DITO基底的每面分别连接到行和列迹线，以及用于连接到主机处理器的挠性电路部分608。挠性电路600包括电路区域602，在其上可以设置并连接多触摸子系统、多触摸板处理器、高电压驱动器和解码器电路(见图1)、EEPROM和一些重要的 小电路元件例如旁路电容等，以节省空间。电路区域602可以被EMI外盒(未示出)屏蔽，其使用上和下屏蔽部分围住电路区域602。下屏蔽部分可被连接到设备的结构上以保护电路区域。从该电路区域602中，挠性电路600通过挠性电路部分606可连接到DITO基底的顶面、通过挠性电路部分614连接到DITO基底的底面、并且通过挠性电路部分608连接到主机处理器。
图7是示例性DITO基底700(仅为了图示的目的将其厚度夸大)的分解透视图，在其每面形成了列702和行708。如图7所示，列迹线702可以是大约1mm宽，在迹线之间有大约4mm的间距，并且行迹线708可以是大约2mm宽，并且在行之间有大约3mm的间距。为了生成一个更加统一的外观，较小的绝缘的ITO 704的方块在DITO基底700的每面的列迹线702和行迹线708间形成，在ITO的绝缘方块之间有狭小的间距(例如大约30微米)，使得DITO基底的每面都能够提供与ITO固态片相似的统一的外观。
图8与覆盖层802和液晶显示器(LCD)804一起显示了根据本发明的实施例的示例性的双面触摸板800的层叠结构。从顶到底，LCD804可包括偏振层806，玻璃上层808，液晶层810，玻璃下层812，偏振层814，和背光层816。
从顶到底，液晶层810可以包括RGB滤色层818，平面化层820，称为Vcom层822的没有图案的ITO导电层，聚酰胺层824，液晶层826，以及聚酰胺层828。在聚酰胺层828下面是ITO矩形以及TFT的层(此处一起称为TFT层830)，其中每一个子像素(其中三个子像素构成一个像素)有一个ITO矩形和TFT。
滤色层818提供了当照明时构成每个像素的三种RGB颜色，其中颜色的比例确定了所述像素的颜色。平面化层820由透明的塑料构成以平滑滤色层818的表面。由于Vcom层822为TFT层830的ITO子像素Vcom层提供公共电压，因此它代表“公共电压”。Vcom层822可以保持在一个恒定电压(使用恒定Vcom电压的LCD可被称为DC或者恒定Vcom LCD)，或者使用AC信号调制。聚酰胺层824和828用作在液晶层826上的液晶的方向的预排列。为了为一个像素生成颜色，在TFT层830上的每个子像素的ITO方块上相对于Vcom层822 施加电压，其使液晶排列并且允许背光层816的光穿过液晶层826以及滤色层818中的RGB滤色器。
如上所述，尽管Vcom层822可以保持恒定，在一些实施例中，Vcom层也可以被一个调制信号驱动(例如从1伏到4伏的方波)。然而，当Vcom层822被调制信号驱动时，调制信号可以通过双面触摸板800的底面上的稀疏导体行836电容性的耦合到(参见参考特征834)列838，引起列上的噪声。注意即使包括多个紧挨着的ITO方块，行836也被称作“稀疏”，这是因为所述方块是绝缘的并且从屏蔽的立场考虑其影响可以被忽略。还注意到尽管调制的Vcom层822也电容性的耦合到行836，但由于行被具有低阻抗输出的驱动器电路所驱动，任何电容耦合都被分流到驱动器输出上，并且具有可以忽略的影响。然而列838被设计成感知触摸板上的AC电容的微小变化，所以在接收列信号的模拟通道处，从调制的Vcom层822耦合得到的电容容易被视为噪声。
图9是根据本发明的实施例的示例性的DITO基底900的透视图(仅为了图示的目的将其厚度夸大)，显示了为了屏蔽目的和为了提供统一外观而加宽行936。为了防止从调制Vcom层电容性耦合到列938，行936如图9所示可被加宽。行936的数量并没有改变，但它们现在更宽了(例如大约4.97mm)，在它们之间只留了大约30微米的间距。因为较宽的行936并不绝缘，而是相反保持在DC电压或者被激发电压所激发，这些较宽的行936用于屏蔽、防止调制的Vcom层电容性耦合到列938。另外，由于它们之间空间狭窄，行936提供了一个统一的外观。于是，从单一的ITO层可以获得屏蔽、调制和统一的外观。注意，尽管图9显示了在单一基底的相对两面上形成的行和列，但宽行也可以被用于图3所示的传统的触摸传感板上。这些宽行的另一个替代是在LCD和DITO之间加入另一层ITO作为屏蔽，但是这将引发额外的成本，额外的厚度，光损失以及不想要的颜色偏差。
在一些实施例中，示例性的DITO基底的顶面可以在列之间包括绝缘的ITO方块，而底面可包括宽行。底面上的行可通过沿底面的长边缘延伸的金属迹线导入挠性连接器区域。所述顶面和底面上的挠性连接区域可以在DITO基底的相同边缘上，但是导体自身可位于不重叠 的区域以容易地粘结这些挠性电路。
图10a显示了根据本发明的实施例的示例性移动电话1136，其可包括电容触摸传感板1124和能够与基底两面连接的挠性电路1134。传感板1124可以使用这样的基底制成：在基底的每面上形成列和行ITO迹线，并且沿着基底的一面的边缘形成金属迹线，使得允许在基底的同一边缘的相对两面上放置挠性电路连接区域。进一步，传感板1134可以被制成具有宽行，以提供调制的Vcom层屏蔽和统一的外观。图10b显示了根据本发明的实施例的示例性数字音频/视频播放器1138，其可包括电容触摸传感板1124和能够与基底两边连接的挠性电路1134。传感板1124可以使用这样的基底制成：在基底的每面上形成列和行ITO迹线，并且沿着基底的一面的边缘形成金属迹线，使得允许在基底的同一边缘的相对两面上放置挠性电路连接区域。进一步，传感板1134可以被制成具有宽行，以能够提供调制的Vcom层屏蔽和统一的外观。图10a和图10b的移动电话和数字音频/视频播放器可以从传感板1124中获益，这是因为使用了单个很薄并且尺寸小的传感板，以及仅需要一个ITO层提供来屏蔽和统一外观。总体上的作用是减少产品尺寸和生产成本。
尽管已参考附图结合实施例描述了本发明，应该注意对本领域普通技术人员来说各种修改和改变是显然的。这些修改和改变将被认为是包括在本发明所附权利要求的范围内的。

Claims (9)

1.一种电容性触摸传感板，包括：
在第一层上形成并且沿着二维坐标系的第一维排列的传感迹线；以及
在通过绝缘体与第一层空间分隔开的第二层上形成的驱动迹线，所述驱动迹线沿着二维坐标系的第二维排列；
其中，驱动迹线与传感迹线相比被加宽以基本上覆盖第二层，除了相邻驱动迹线间的缝隙以外，以使传感迹线与液晶显示器(LCD)基本上电隔离；并且
其中，传感器形成于传感迹线与驱动迹线交叉同时被所述绝缘体分隔开的位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的电容性触摸传感板，其中每条驱动迹线具有基本恒定的宽度。
3.一种用于将电容性触摸传感板与调制信号的耦合屏蔽开的方法，包括：
在第一层上形成第一组传感迹线；
沿二维坐标系的第一维定向传感迹线；
在与第一层空间分隔开的第二层上形成第二组加宽的驱动迹线，所述驱动迹线与传感迹线相比被加宽以基本上覆盖第二层，除了相邻驱动迹线间的缝隙以外，以使第一组传感迹线与液晶显示器(LCD)基本上电隔离；以及
沿二维坐标系的第二维定向驱动迹线，以在传感迹线与驱动迹线交叉的位置形成传感器。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中每条驱动迹线具有基本恒定的宽度。
5.一种触敏计算系统，包括：
触摸处理器；
显示器；
与显示器相邻并耦接到触摸处理器的触摸传感板，所述触摸传感板包括：
在第一层上形成的传感迹线，以及
在与第一层空间分隔开的第二层上形成的驱动迹线，所述驱动迹线与传感迹线相比被加宽以基本上覆盖第二层，除了相邻驱动迹线间的缝隙以外，以使传感迹线与液晶显示器(LCD)基本上电隔离，
其中，传感器形成于传感迹线与驱动迹线交叉的位置。
6.如权利要求5所述的触敏计算系统，其中每条驱动迹线具有基本恒定的宽度。
7.如权利要求5所述的触敏计算系统，其中所述触敏计算系统被结合到移动电话中。
8.如权利要求5所述的触敏计算系统，其中所述触敏计算系统被结合到媒体播放器中。
9.如权利要求5所述的触敏计算系统，其中所述触敏计算系统被结合到个人计算机中。
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US8884890B2 (en) 2014-11-11
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