CN102384874B - Method and pressure chamber for measuring crack characteristics of damaged rock - Google Patents
Method and pressure chamber for measuring crack characteristics of damaged rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN102384874B CN102384874B CN201110243790.2A CN201110243790A CN102384874B CN 102384874 B CN102384874 B CN 102384874B CN 201110243790 A CN201110243790 A CN 201110243790A CN 102384874 B CN102384874 B CN 102384874B
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Abstract
A method and a pressure chamber for measuring the crack characteristics of damaged rock are provided, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) the preparation of a rock test sample; (2) the mounting of the rock test sample: applying a rubber sleeve to the prepared test sample on which upper and lower water permeable conductive press plates and upper and lower waterproof gaskets are mounted previously, respectively, and then mounting the test sample in the pressure chamber so that the lower part of the test sample is flatly connected with the base of the pressure chamber while the upper part thereof is connected to a compression bar through a pressing cap; connecting a lead to the outside, and connecting upstream and downstream water pipes with water inlet and outlet pressure sensors, respectively; and finally, tightly connecting the outer cover of the pressure chamber with the base; (3) the application of a confining pressure and a back pressure: applying the confining pressure to 2-3 MPa according to the sealing requirements of the pressure chamber, so that a rubber film is tightly fitted in with the test sample; next, applying the back pressure of 1 MPa; (4) the hierarchical application of axial pressures: applying the axial pressures step by step according to the intensity of the rock test sample, and testing the stress-strain relationship of the rock under the axial pressure each time and the alternating-current impedance spectroscopy of the rock after the application of the axial pressure each time; and (5) the analysis of damage crack characteristics: analyzing the change law of the damage micro-cracks of the rock according to the characteristic parameters of impedance arcs on alternating-current impedance spectroscopy Nyquist curve. The method and the device are simple, clear in train of thought and convenient to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the problem of rock stability in rock mechanics and engineering, specifically a kind of method and pressure chamber of measuring rock crack damage feature in loading process.
Background technology
Rock is as a kind of hard brittle material, and its destructive process is actually underbead crack and produces, expands, merges until the process connecting.The generation of rock interior micro-crack, expansion are to affect the principal element that rock macroscope deformation destroys.The foundation to rock crackle forming model investigation and Basic Structural Relations of Rocks is studied in the measurement of Developing Process of Rock Cracks, and rock deformation and failure mechanism is all significant with rock engineering estimation of stability.
From the 6O age in 20th century, people's Developing Process of Rock Cracks that begun one's study, optical microphotograph observation method is applied in rock crackle forming research subsequently.So far, some modern physics and test mechanics method are also widely used in rock and carefully see in experimental measurement, as X-ray diffraction, rock CT, real-time holographic interferometry and by the digital image processing techniques of scanning electron microscope etc.But, due to the complicacy of rock composition, structure and load-bearing environment and the temporary transient limitation of test method, at present also not nearly enough about the visual understanding of Developing Process of Rock Cracks.For this reason, the continuous dynamic tracing that explore more effective test observation method, realizes Developing Process of Rock Cracks is still one of problem of paying close attention to of rock mechanics and engineering circle.
Summary of the invention
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The pressure chamber of measurement damage rock crackle forming feature of the present invention, comprise pressure chamber's base and pressure chamber's outer cover, this pressure chamber also comprises a pressure chamber, sample to be tested is placed in pressure chamber, sample top is provided with permeable conductive pressing plate and upper water proof pad successively, upper water proof pad top is provided with and adds pressure cap, adds pressure cap and is connected with the depression bar of testing machine, and depression bar coordinates with pressure chamber's outer cover top slide; Sample bottom is provided with lower permeable conductive pressing plate and lower water proof pad successively, and sample outer race is provided with rubber membrane; On upper permeable conductive pressing plate and lower permeable conductive pressing plate, be respectively equipped with external wire; The termination of upstream water pipe contacts with upper permeable conductive pressing plate, be connected and be provided with discharge pressure sensor with upstream water pipe, the termination of downstream water pipe and lower permeable conductive pressing plate joint, be connected and be provided with intake pressure sensor with downstream water pipe, pressure chamber's base is provided with confined pressure water inlet, the external pressure tester of confined pressure water inlet.
In the present invention, between pressure chamber's outer cover and base, sealing is fixing.
Pressure chamber of the present invention can be arranged on usual pressure testing machine and use.
The method of measurement damage rock crackle forming feature of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of rock sample: grind and get the columned sample of 50mm × 100mm by drilling, then according to the full water of rock mechanics experiment specification;
(2) installation of rock sample: the sample making is in advance installed respectively after upper and lower permeable conductive pressing plate and upper and lower water proof pad up and down, additional rubber case, then be arranged in pressure chamber, bottom and pressure chamber's base flush, and top is connected with depression bar by adding pressure cap; Wire is connected with outside, and upstream and downstream water pipe is connected with water-in and water-out pressure transducer respectively; Finally pressure chamber's outer cover is closely connected with base;
(3) apply confined pressure back-pressure: according to the requirement of pressure chamber's sealing, apply confined pressure to 2-3MPa, rubber membrane and sample are suited closely, then apply opposite pressure 1MPa;
(4) classification applies axial compression: according to rock sample intensity, echelon applies axial compression, tests the stress-strain relation of rock under each axial compression, and rock ac impedance spectroscopy after each pressurization;
(5) crack damage signature analysis: the Changing Pattern of analyzing damage of rock micro-crack by the characteristic parameter of impedance arc on ac impedance spectroscopy Nyquist curve.
The method can be simulated the stressed operating mode of rock in different rock engineerings by the angle of size, rock sample and the stratum bedding of adjustment axial compression and confined pressure.The preparation of testing in said method, the concrete steps of exerting pressure test and interpretation of result all adopt process of the prior art.
Method of the present invention is placed on rock sample in special pressure chamber; by axial pressure, the mode of confined pressure protection, can simulation rock load-bearing Crack Extension; and by the electrochemical characteristic in connected up and down electrode test crack propagation process, thereby the feature of testing its Crack Extension.
Compare with prior art, its effect is actively with obvious.Can carry out classification axial compression to rock by the present invention; under the protection of confined pressure; the different actual conditions of simulation rock engineering safely; and measure in real time the expansion process of rock crackle forming by the electrochemical workstation connecting, significant for the stability analysis of study of rocks crack propagation law and rock engineering.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the pressure chamber in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the Nyquist curve of gained in the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The pressure chamber of measurement damage rock crackle forming feature of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, comprise pressure chamber's base 11 and pressure chamber's outer cover 17, this pressure chamber also comprises a pressure chamber, sample 5 to be tested is placed in pressure chamber, sample top is provided with permeable conductive pressing plate 4 and upper water proof pad 3 successively, upper water proof pad 3 tops are provided with and add pressure cap 2, add pressure cap 2 and are connected with the depression bar 1 of testing machine, and depression bar 1 coordinates with pressure chamber's outer cover 17 top slide; Sample bottom is provided with lower permeable conductive pressing plate 7 and lower water proof pad 8 successively, and sample outer race is provided with rubber membrane 6; On upper permeable conductive pressing plate and lower permeable conductive pressing plate, be respectively equipped with external wire 14; External wire 14 is connected with power supply.The termination of upstream water pipe 16 contacts with upper permeable conductive pressing plate 4, be connected and be provided with discharge pressure sensor 13 with upstream water pipe, the termination of downstream water pipe 15 contacts with lower permeable conductive pressing plate 7, be connected and be provided with intake pressure sensor 12 with downstream water pipe, on pressure chamber's base, 11 are provided with confined pressure water inlet 10, the external pressure tester of confined pressure water inlet.
The method of measurement damage rock crackle forming feature of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of rock sample: grind and get the columned sample of 50mm × 100mm by drilling, then according to the full water of rock mechanics experiment specification;
(2) installation of rock sample: the sample making is in advance installed respectively after upper and lower permeable conductive pressing plate and upper and lower water proof pad up and down, additional rubber case, then be arranged in pressure chamber, bottom and pressure chamber's base flush, and top is connected with depression bar by adding pressure cap; Wire is connected with outside, and upstream and downstream water pipe is connected with water-in and water-out pressure transducer respectively; Finally pressure chamber's outer cover is closely connected with base;
(3) apply confined pressure back-pressure: according to the requirement of pressure chamber's sealing, apply confined pressure to 2-3MPa, rubber membrane and sample are suited closely, then apply opposite pressure 1MPa;
(4) classification applies axial compression: according to rock sample intensity, echelon applies axial compression, tests the stress-strain relation of rock under each axial compression, and rock ac impedance spectroscopy after each pressurization;
(5) crack damage signature analysis: the Changing Pattern of analyzing damage of rock micro-crack by the characteristic parameter of impedance arc on ac impedance spectroscopy Nyquist curve.
Below in conjunction with concrete case, method of the present invention is further described: the middle sandstone of getting certain engineering, grind into the cylindric sample of 50mm × 50mm by drilling, be arranged in the pressure chamber of Fig. 1, install and connect water pipe and electrical wiring according to the regulation of above-mentioned test method (2), what especially note is that the sealing of pressure chamber's outer cover and bottom will be got well, and the pressure chamber connecting is placed on to the pressure measurement position of rock pressure testing machine.After one cutting apparatus is ready, first apply pressure in a small amount and make the depression bar close contact of rock sample and pressure testing machine by pressure testing machine, avoid the impact load of process of the test.Then apply by outer water pump and apply confined pressure to the load 2MPa specifying from country rock water inlet, observe the level of intimate of rock sample and rubber membrane.After meeting the demands, apply back-pressure 1MPa by outer water pump, observed and recorded back-pressure water delivering orifice sensor, has force value just can classification apply axial compression later.Be 47MPa according to materialsed single shaft intensity level, axial compression is divided into 5MPa, 20MPa, tri-grades of loads of 40MPa apply, after every one-level load finishes, the electrochemical workstation connecting by electric wire is tested its ac impedance spectroscopy, can draw Nyquist curve as shown in Figure 2, analyzes the Changing Pattern of damage of rock micro-crack according to the characteristic parameter of impedance arc.
Claims (2)
1. measure the pressure chamber of damage rock crackle forming feature for one kind, comprise pressure chamber's base (11) and pressure chamber's outer cover (17), it is characterized in that: this pressure chamber also comprises a pressure chamber, sample (5) to be tested is placed in pressure chamber, sample top is provided with permeable conductive pressing plate (4) and upper water proof pad (3) successively, upper water proof pad (3) top is provided with and adds pressure cap (2), add pressure cap (2) and be connected with the depression bar (1) of testing machine, depression bar (1) coordinates with pressure chamber's outer cover top slide; Sample bottom is provided with lower permeable conductive pressing plate (7) and lower water proof pad (8) successively, and sample outer race is provided with rubber membrane (6); On upper permeable conductive pressing plate (4) and lower permeable conductive pressing plate (7), be respectively equipped with external wire (14); The termination of upstream water pipe (16) contacts with upper permeable conductive pressing plate (4), be connected with upstream water pipe and be provided with discharge pressure sensor (13), the termination of downstream water pipe (15) contacts with lower permeable conductive pressing plate (7), be connected with downstream water pipe and be provided with intake pressure sensor (12), pressure chamber's base is provided with confined pressure water inlet (10), the external pressure tester of confined pressure water inlet.
2. the pressure chamber of measurement damage rock crackle forming feature according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between pressure chamber's outer cover and base, sealing is fixing.
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| CN201110243790.2A CN102384874B (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2011-08-24 | Method and pressure chamber for measuring crack characteristics of damaged rock |
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| CN201110243790.2A CN102384874B (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2011-08-24 | Method and pressure chamber for measuring crack characteristics of damaged rock |
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| CN102384874B true CN102384874B (en) | 2014-09-03 |
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| CN104236965B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2016-12-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Rock core crack preparation facilities and method |
| CN103802223B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-04-13 | 李衍远 | Utilize alternation tension that rock crack propagation is ruptured and prepare the method for flat-plate stone |
| CN106124565B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of sealing fixation measuring device for measuring tight rock impedance characteristic |
| CN108318528A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-07-24 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The determination method and apparatus of the running parameter of electric pulse pressure break |
| CN109142028B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-11-03 | 山东科技大学 | Coal seam deformation test device caused by working face tunneling |
| CN109443943B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-01-15 | 长江大学 | Method and equipment for constructing rock sample strength criterion material parameters |
| CN114136790A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-04 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Stress testing method for hydraulic fracturing overall process |
| CN114136791B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-12-12 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Rock damage degree testing method under fluid-solid coupling effect |
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