CN102395983B - 用于对电池进行充电的无线电力装置的优化 - Google Patents

用于对电池进行充电的无线电力装置的优化 Download PDF

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CN102395983B
CN102395983B CN201080016838.XA CN201080016838A CN102395983B CN 102395983 B CN102395983 B CN 102395983B CN 201080016838 A CN201080016838 A CN 201080016838A CN 102395983 B CN102395983 B CN 102395983B
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antenna
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wireless field
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CN102395983A (zh
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斯蒂芬·弗兰克兰
约翰·伊利安
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Qualcomm Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

示范性实施例是针对无线电力。一种可充电装置可包括接收电路，其用于耦合到接收天线。所述接收电路可包括至少一个传感器，其用以感测与所述可充电装置相关联的一个或一个以上参数。另外，所述接收电路可包括调谐控制器，其可操作地耦合到所述至少一个传感器，以响应于所述一个或一个以上感测到的参数而产生一个或一个以上调谐值。另外，所述接收电路可包括匹配电路，其可操作地耦合到所述调谐控制器，以用于根据所述一个或一个以上调谐值来调谐所述接收天线。

Description

用于对电池进行充电的无线电力装置的优化
根据35U.S.C.§119主张优先权
本申请案根据35U.S.C.§119(e)主张以下各项的优先权：
2009年3月25日申请的标题为“用于电力消耗的无线能量提取(WIRELESSENERGYEXTRACTIONFORPOWERCONSUMPTION)”的第61/163,383号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
2009年3月27日申请的标题为“无线电能传送优化(WIRELESSPOWERENERGYTRANSFEROPTIMIZATION)”的第61/164,355号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
2009年3月30日申请的标题为“基于来自充电参数的反馈的天线调谐(ANTENNATUNINGBASEDONFEEDBACKFROMCHARGINGPARAMETERS)”的第61/164,744号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
2009年6月12日申请的标题为“在充电的同时请求改变RF场的调谐(REQUESTINGCHANGEINTUNINGOFRFFIELDWHILECHARGING)”的第61/186,770号美国临时专利申请案，其揭示内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及无线电力，且更具体地说，涉及例如无线充电器和可无线充电的装置等无线电力装置的优化。
背景技术
通常，每一以电池供电的装置需要其自己的充电器和电源，所述电源通常为AC电力插座。当许多装置需要充电时，这变得不便。
正在开发使用发射器与待充电的装置之间的空中电力发射的途径。这些途径通常分为两类。一类是基于发射天线与待充电的装置上的接收天线(其收集所辐射的电力并对其进行整流以用于对电池进行充电)之间的平面波辐射(也称为远场辐射)的耦合。天线通常具有谐振长度，以便改进耦合效率。此途径遭受以下事实：电力耦合随着天线之间的距离增大而快速下降。因此，超过合理距离(例如，＞1m到2m)的充电变得困难。另外，由于系统辐射平面波，因此无意的辐射如果不通过滤波加以适当控制就可能干扰其它系统。
其它途径是基于(例如)嵌入“充电”垫或表面中的发射天线与嵌入待充电的主机装置中的接收天线加整流电路之间的电感耦合。此途径具有以下缺点：发射天线与接收天线之间的间距必须非常靠近(例如，数mm)。尽管此途径确实具有同时对同一区域内的多个装置进行充电的能力，但此区域通常较小，因此用户必须将装置定位到特定区域。
需要经配置以优化无线电力充电的装置。更具体地说，需要一种经配置以实现借以接收的最佳量的电力的可无线充电的装置。另外，需要一种经配置以修改所发射的RF场以实现可充电装置的增强的充电效率的无线充电器。
发明内容
在一个方面中，提供一种用于从充电器无线接收充电电力的装置，其包含天线，其经配置以从无线场接收充电电力，所述充电电力处于足以对电池充电的等级；调谐控制器，其经配置以产生针对所述充电器的调谐值以提高充电电力的效率水平，所述调谐控制器进一步经配置以将所产生的调谐值发送给所述充电器，所述调谐控制器进一步经配置以响应于所述所产生的调谐值而从所述充电器接收回复信号，所述回复信号指示对所述无线场的修改；及，所述天线进一步经配置以基于所述所产生的调谐值而耦合到经修改的无线场。
在另一创新方面中，提供一种从充电器接收无线充电电力的方法。所述方法包含用电子装置的天线经由无线场接收所述充电电力。所述方法还包含产生针对所述充电器的调谐值，以提高充电电力的效率水平；将所产生的调谐值发送给所述充电器；响应于所述所产生的调谐值而从所述充电器接收回复信号，所述回复信号指示对所述无线场的修改。所述方法还包含基于所述所产生的调谐值而耦合到经修改的无线场。
在又一创新方面中，提供另一种装置。所述装置包含用于经由无线场接收充电电力的装置。所述装置包含用于产生针对充电器的调谐值以提高充电电力的效率水平的装置；用于将所产生的调谐值发送给所述充电器的装置；用于响应于所述所产生的调谐值而从所述充电器接收回复信号的装置，所述回复信号指示对所述无线场的修改；以及用于基于所述所产生的调谐值而耦合到经修改的无线场的装置。
在再一创新方面中，提供一种用于经由无线场向无线电力接收器发送电力的充电器。所述充电器包含天线，其经配置以经由所述无线场发送所述电力。所述充电器包含发射器，其经配置以将所述电力提供给所述天线。所述充电器包含接收器，其经配置以从所述无线电力接收器接收包括对所述无线场进行修改的请求的数据信号，所述发射器进一步经配置以基于所述请求而修改所述无线场，并响应于所述请求而向所述无线电力接收器发射回复信号，所述回复信号指示基于所述请求的对所述无线场的修改。
在另一创新方面中，提供另一种方法。所述方法包含经由无线场向无线电力接收器发射充电电力。所述方法进一步包含从所述无线电力接收器接收包括对所述无线场进行修改的请求的数据信号。所述方法还包含基于所述请求而修改所述无线场；以及响应于所述请求而向所述无线电力接收器发射回复信号，所述回复信号指示基于所述请求的对所述无线场的修改。
在一个创新方面中，提供另一种充电器。所述充电器包含用于经由无线场向无线电力接收器发射充电电力的装置。所述充电器还包含用于从所述无线电力接收器接收包括对所述无线场进行修改的请求的数据信号的装置。所述充电器进一步包含用于基于所述请求而修改所述无线场的装置；以及用于响应于所述请求而向所述无线电力接收器发射回复信号的装置，所述回复信号指示基于所述请求的对所述无线场的修改。
在另一创新方面中，提供一种计算机可读存储媒体，其包括指令，所述指令可由设备的处理器执行，所述指令致使所述设备经由无线场发射充电电力。所述指令进一步致使所述设备接收包括对所述无线场的修改的请求的数据信号。所述指令还致使所述设备基于所述请求而更改所述无线场。
在再一创新方面中，提供另一种计算机可读存储媒体，其包括指令，所述指令可由设备的处理器执行，所述指令致使所述设备用电子装置的天线经由无线场接收充电电力。所述指令进一步致使所述设备部分地基于与所述电子装置相关联的电池的属性而产生调谐值。所述指令进一步致使所述设备基于所述所产生的调谐值而调谐所述天线。
附图说明
图1展示无线电力传送系统的简化框图。
图2展示无线电力传送系统的简化示意图。
图3A说明用于本发明的示范性实施例中的环形天线的示意图。
图3B说明用于本发明的示范性实施例中的差分天线的替代实施例。
图4为根据本发明的示范性实施例的发射器的简化框图。
图5为根据本发明的示范性实施例的接收器的简化框图。
图6展示用于进行发射器与接收器之间的消息接发的发射电路的一部分的简化示意图。
图7描绘根据本发明的示范性实施例的电子装置的一部分的框图。
图8说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的天线调谐单元。
图9为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的方法的流程图。
图10说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的包含多个电子装置的系统。
图11说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的系统过程图。
图12为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的另一方法的流程图。
图13为根据本发明的示范性实施例的另一电子装置的一部分。
图14说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的包含多个电子装置的另一系统。
图15说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的包含多个电子装置的又一系统。
图16为说明根据本发明的示范性实施例的另一方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
词语“示范性”在本文中用于意指“充当实例、例子或说明”。本文中描述为“示范性”的任何实施例不必被解释为比其它实施例优选或有利。
下文结合附图陈述的详细描述既定作为对本发明的示范性实施例的描述，且不希望表示可实践本发明的仅有实施例。在此描述各处所使用的术语“示范性”意指“充当实例、例子或说明”，且不必被解释为比其它示范性实施例优选或有利。具体实施方式包括特定细节以便实现提供对本发明的示范性实施例的透彻理解的目的。所属领域的技术人员将明白，可在无这些特定细节的情况下实践本发明的示范性实施例。在一些例子中，以框图形式展示众所周知的结构和装置，以便避免模糊本文中所呈现的示范性实施例的新颖性。
词语“无线电力”在本文中用于意指与电场、磁场、电磁场相关联或在不使用物理电磁导体的情况下在从发射器到接收器之间发射的任何形式的能量。
图1说明根据本发明的各种示范性实施例的无线发射或充电系统100。向发射器104提供输入电力102，用于产生辐射场106以用于提供能量传送。接收器108耦合到辐射场106，且产生输出电力110以用于供耦合到输出电力110的装置(未图示)储存或消耗。发射器104和接收器108两者分开距离112。在一个示范性实施例中，根据相互谐振关系来配置发射器104和接收器108，且当接收器108的谐振频率与发射器104的谐振频率非常接近时，在接收器108位于辐射场106的“近场”中时，发射器104与接收器108之间的发射损失最小。
发射器104进一步包含用于提供能量发射途径的发射天线114，且接收器108进一步包含用于提供能量接收途径的接收天线118。根据待与之相关联的应用和装置来设计发射和接收天线的大小。如所陈述，高效的能量传送是通过将发射天线的近场中的能量的大部分耦合到接收天线而不是将电磁波中的能量的大部分传播到远场而发生的。当在此近场中时，发射天线114与接收天线118之间可形成耦合模式。天线114和118周围的区域(其中可发生此近场耦合)在本文中被称为耦合模式区。
图2展示无线电力传送系统的简化示意图。发射器104包含振荡器122、功率放大器124以及滤波器与匹配电路126。所述振荡器经配置以在所要频率下进行产生，所述所要频率可响应于调整信号123而调整。振荡器信号可由功率放大器124放大响应于控制信号125的放大量。可包含滤波器与匹配电路126以滤除谐波或其它不想要的频率，并使发射器104的阻抗与发射天线114匹配。
接收器108可包含匹配电路132以及整流器与切换电路134来产生DC电力输出，以对如图2所示的电池136进行充电或向耦合到接收器的装置(未图示)供电。可包含匹配电路132以使接收器108的阻抗与接收天线118匹配。接收器108和发射器104可在单独的通信信道119(例如，蓝牙、紫蜂、蜂窝式等)上通信。
如图3A中所说明，示范性实施例中所使用的天线可配置为“环形”天线150，其在本文中还可称为“磁性”天线。环形天线可经配置以包含空气芯或物理芯，例如铁氧体芯。空气芯环形天线可对放置于所述芯附近的外来物理装置更具容忍性。此外，空气芯环形天线允许将其它组件放置在芯区域内。另外，空气芯环可更容易地实现接收天线118(图2)在发射天线114(图2)的平面内的放置，在所述平面中发射天线114(图2)的耦合模式区可较为强大。
如所陈述，发射器104与接收器108之间的高效能量传送是在发射器104与接收器108之间的匹配或几乎匹配的谐振期间发生。然而，即使在发射器104与接收器108之间的谐振不匹配时，能量也可以较低效率传送。能量的传送是通过将来自发射天线的近场的能量耦合到驻存在建立此近场的邻域中的接收天线而发生，而不是通过将能量从发射天线传播到自由空间中而发生。
环形或磁性天线的谐振频率是基于电感和电容。环形天线中的电感通常仅为由环产生的电感，而电容通常加到环形天线的电感以形成所要谐振频率下的谐振结构。作为非限制性实例，可将电容器152和电容器154加到天线以形成产生谐振信号156的谐振电路。因此，对于较大直径的环形天线，引起谐振所需的电容的大小随着环的直径或电感增加而减小。此外，随着环形或磁性天线的直径增加，近场的高效能量传送区域增加。当然，其它谐振电路也是可能的。作为另一非限制性实例，可将电容器并联放置在环形天线的两个端子之间。另外，所属领域的技术人员将认识到，对于发射天线，谐振信号156可为对环形天线150的输入。
图3B说明用于本发明的示范性实施例中的差分天线250的替代实施例。天线250可配置为差分线圈天线。在差分天线配置中，天线250的中心连接到接地。天线250的每一端连接到接收器/发射器单元(未图示)中，而不是如在图3A中使一端连接到接地。可将电容器252、253、254加到天线250，以形成产生差分谐振信号的谐振电路。差分天线配置在通信为双向的且需要到线圈中的发射时的情形下可为有用的。一种此类情形可针对近场通信(NFC)系统。
本发明的示范性实施例包含在处于彼此的近场中的两个天线之间耦合电力。如所陈述，近场为天线周围的区域，其中存在电磁场，但电磁场不能传播或辐射离开天线。电磁场通常限于在天线的物理体积附近的体积。在本发明的示范性实施例中，例如单匝和多匝环形天线等磁型天线用于发射(Tx)和接收(Rx)天线系统两者，因为磁近场振幅对于磁型天线来说与电型天线(例如，小型偶极子)的电近场相比往往较高。这允许在配对之间具有潜在较高的耦合。此外，还预期“电性”天线(例如，偶极子和单极子)或磁性天线与电性天线的组合。
Tx天线可在足够低的频率下操作，且具有足够大以在比早先所提到的远场和电感途径所允许的距离显著要大的距离处实现与小Rx天线的良好耦合(例如，＞-4dB)的天线大小。如果Tx天线的大小经正确设计，那么可在将主机装置上的Rx天线放置在被驱动的Tx环形天线的耦合模式区内(即，在近场中)时实现高耦合电平(例如，-2dB到-4dB)。
图4为根据本发明的示范性实施例的发射器200的简化框图。发射器200包含发射电路202和发射天线204。通常，发射电路202通过提供振荡信号来向发射天线204提供RF电力，所述振荡信号导致在发射天线204周围产生近场能量。举例来说，发射器200可在13.56MHzISM频带下操作。
示范性发射电路202包含：固定阻抗匹配电路206，其用于使发射电路202的阻抗(例如，50欧姆)与发射天线204匹配；以及低通滤波器(LPF)208，其经配置以使谐波发射减少到用以防止耦合到接收器108(图1)的装置的自干扰的电平。其它示范性实施例可包含不同的滤波器拓扑，包含(但不限于)陷波滤波器，其使特定频率衰减，同时使其它频率通过，且可包含自适应阻抗匹配，其可基于可测量的发射度量(例如对天线的输出电力或由功率放大器汲取的DC电流)而变化。发射电路202进一步包含功率放大器210，其经配置以驱动如由振荡器212确定的RF信号。发射电路可由离散装置或电路组成，或者可由集成组合件组成。从发射天线204输出的示范性RF电力可约为2.5瓦。
发射电路202进一步包含控制器214，用于在针对特定接收器的发射阶段(或工作循环)期间启用振荡器212，用于调整振荡器的频率，且用于调整输出电力电平以用于实施用于通过其所附接的接收器与相邻装置交互的通信协议。
发射电路202可进一步包含负载感测电路216，用于检测在由发射天线204产生的近场附近存在或不存在作用中接收器。举例来说，负载感测电路216监视流动到功率放大器210的电流，其受在由发射天线204产生的近场附近存在或不存在作用中接收器的影响。对功率放大器210上的负载的变化的检测由控制器214监视，用于确定是否启用振荡器212以用于发射能量以与作用中接收器通信。
可将发射天线204实施为具有经选择以使电阻损耗保持较低的厚度、宽度和金属类型的天线条带。在常规实施方案中，发射天线204通常可经配置以用于与例如桌子、垫子、灯或其它便携性较小的配置等较大结构相关联。因此，发射天线204通常将不需要“匝”以便具有实用尺寸。发射天线204的示范性实施方案可为“电方面较小”(即，波长的分数)，且经调谐以通过使用电容器界定谐振频率而在较低可用频率下谐振。在发射天线204的直径或边长(如果为正方形环)相对于接收天线可为较大(例如，0.50米)的示范性应用中，发射天线204将不一定需要较大数目的匝来获得合理的电容。
发射器200可搜集和跟踪关于可与发射器200相关联的接收器装置的行踪和状态的信息。因此，发射器电路202可包含连接到控制器214(本文也称为处理器)的存在检测器280、封闭检测器290或其组合。控制器214可响应于来自存在检测器280和封闭检测器290的存在信号而调整由放大器210递送的电力的量。发射器可通过若干电源接收电力，例如用以转换建筑物中存在的常规AC电力的AC/DC转换器(未图示)、用以将常规DC电源转换为适合发射器200的电压的DC/DC转换器(未图示)，或直接从常规DC电源(未图示)接收。
作为非限制性实例，存在检测器280可为用于感测插入到发射器的覆盖区域中的待充电装置的初始存在的运动检测器。在检测之后，可接通发射器，且装置所接收到的RF电力可用于以预定方式双态触发Rx装置上的开关，这又导致发射器的驱动点阻抗的改变。
作为另一非限制性实例，存在检测器280可为能够(例如)通过红外线检测、运动检测或其它合适途径来检测人类的检测器。在一些示范性实施例中，可能存在限制发射天线在特定频率下可发射的电力的量的规定。在一些情况下，这些规定意在保护人类免于电磁辐射。然而，可能存在发射天线放置在未由人类占用或人类不常占用的区域(例如车库、厂区、商店等)中的环境。如果这些环境没有人类，那么可准许使发射天线的电力输出增加到高于正常的电力限制规定。换句话说，控制器214可响应于人类存在而将发射天线204的电力输出调整到规定电平或低于规定电平，且当人类在距发射天线204的电磁场规定距离之外时，将发射天线204的电力输出调整到高于规定电平的电平。
作为非限制性实例，封闭检测器290(本文还可称为封闭隔间检测器或封闭空间检测器)可为例如用于确定封闭体何时处于封闭或开放状态的感测开关等装置。当发射器位于处于封闭状态的封闭体中时，可增加发射器的电力电平。
在示范性实施例中，可使用发射器200借以并不无限期地保持接通的方法。在此情况下，发射器200可经编程以在用户确定的时间量之后关闭。此特征防止发射器200(特别是功率放大器210)在其周围的无线装置充满电之后长时间运行。此事件可归因于电路未能检测到从中继器或接收线圈发送的装置充满电的信号。为了防止发射器200在另一装置放置于其周围时自动关闭，发射器200的自动关闭特征可仅在其周围检测不到运动的设定周期之后被激活。用户可能够确定不活动时间间隔，并根据需要对其进行改变。作为非限制性实例，所述时间间隔可长于使特定类型的无线装置充满电所需的时间(假定装置最初是完全放电的)。
图5为根据本发明的示范性实施例的接收器300的简化框图。接收器300包含接收电路302和接收天线304。接收器300进一步耦合到装置350，用于向其提供所接收到的电力。应注意，将接收器300说明为在装置350外部，但其可集成到装置350中。通常，将能量以无线方式传播到接收天线304，且接着通过接收电路302耦合到装置350。
调谐接收天线304以在与发射天线204(图4)相同的频率或接近相同的频率下谐振。接收天线304的尺寸可与发射天线204的尺寸类似，或大小可基于相关联装置350的尺寸而不同。举例来说，装置350可为便携式电子装置，其具有小于发射天线204的直径或长度的直径或长度尺寸。在此实例中，可将接收天线304实施为多匝天线，以便减小调谐电容器(未图示)的电容值，且增加接收天线的阻抗。举例来说，可围绕装置350的大致圆周放置接收天线304，以便最大化天线直径，且减少接收天线的环形匝(即，绕组)的数目以及绕组间电容。
接收电路302提供与接收天线304的阻抗匹配。接收电路302包含电力转换电路306，用于将接收到的RF能量源转换为充电电力以供装置350使用。电力转换电路306包含RF/DC转换器308，且还可包含DC/DC转换器310。RF/DC转换器308将在接收天线304处接收到的RF能量信号整流为非交替电力，而DC/DC转换器310将经整流的RF能量信号转换为与装置350兼容的能量电位(例如，电压)。预期各种RF/DC转换器，包含部分或全波整流器、调节器、桥接器、倍增器以及线性与切换转换器。
接收电路302可进一步包含切换电路312，用于将接收天线304连接到电力转换电路306，或者用于断开电力转换电路306。使接收天线304从电力转换电路306断开不仅暂停装置350的充电，而且在发射器200(图2)“看来”改变“负载”。
如上文所揭示，发射器200包含负载感测电路216，其检测提供给发射器功率放大器210的偏置电流中的波动。因此，发射器200具有用于确定接收器何时存在于发射器的近场中的机制。
当多个接收器300存在于发射器的近场中时，可能需要对一个或一个以上接收器的加载和卸载进行时间多路复用，以使其它接收器能够更高效地耦合到发射器。接收器还可经遮盖以便消除耦合到其它附近接收器，或减少附近发射器上的负载。接收器的此“卸载”在本文中还称为“遮盖”。此外，由接收器300控制且由发射器200检测的卸载与加载之间的此切换提供从接收器300到发射器200的通信机制，如下文更全面地阐释。另外，协议可与实现消息从接收器300到发射器200的发送的切换相关联。举例来说，切换速度可约为100微秒。
在示范性实施例中，发射器与接收器之间的通信是指装置感测和充电控制机制，而不是常规的双向通信。换句话说，发射器使用所发射信号的开/关键控来调整能量是否在近场中可用。接收器将能量的这些变化解译为来自发射器的消息。从接收器侧，接收器使用接收天线的调谐和去谐来调整正从近场接受多少电力。发射器可检测从近场使用的电力的此差异，且将这些变化解译为来自接收器的消息。
接收电路302可进一步包含用于识别接收能量波动的信令检测器与信标电路314，其可对应于从发射器到接收器的信息信令。此外，信令与信标电路314还可用于检测减少的RF信号能量(即，信标信号)的发射，且将所述减少的RF信号能量整流为用于唤醒接收电路302内未经供电或电力耗尽的电路的标称电力，以便配置接收电路302用于无线充电。
接收电路302进一步包含处理器316，用于协调本文所描述的接收器300的处理，包含对本文所述的切换电路312的控制。接收器300的遮盖还可在发生其它事件后即刻发生，所述事件包含检测到向装置350提供充电电力的外部有线充电源(例如，壁式/USB电力)。除控制接收器的遮盖之外，处理器316还可监视信标电路314，以确定信标状态并提取从发射器发送的消息。处理器316还可调整DC/DC转换器310以获得改进的性能。
图6展示用于进行发射器与接收器之间的消息接发的发射电路的一部分的简化示意图。在本发明的一些示范性实施例中，可在发射器与接收器之间启用用于通信的途径。在图6中，功率放大器210驱动发射天线204以产生辐射场。功率放大器由载波信号220驱动，所述载波信号220正以发射天线204的所要频率进行振荡。发射调制信号224用于控制功率放大器210的输出。
发射电路可通过在功率放大器210上使用开/关键控过程来将信号发送到接收器。换句话说，当断言发射调制信号224时，功率放大器210将在发射天线204上驱逐出载波信号220的频率。当发射调制信号224被否定时，功率放大器将不在发射天线204上驱逐出任何频率。
图6的发射电路还包含负载感测电路216，其将电力供应到功率放大器210，且产生接收信号235输出。在负载感测电路216中，电阻器Rs上的电压降形成为介于信号226中的电力与对功率放大器210的电力供应228之间。由功率放大器210消耗的电力的任何改变均将导致电压降的改变，其将由差分放大器230放大。当发射天线处于与接收器(图6中未图示)中的接收天线的耦合模式中时，功率放大器210所汲取的电流的量将改变。换句话说，如果针对发射天线204不存在耦合模式谐振，那么驱动辐射场所需的电力将为第一量。如果存在耦合模式谐振，那么功率放大器210所消耗的电力的量将升高，因为大部分的电力正耦合到接收天线中。因此，接收信号235可指示耦合到发射天线235的接收天线的存在，且还可检测从接收天线发送的信号。另外，接收器电流汲取的改变将可在发射器的功率放大器电流汲取中观察到，且此改变可用于检测来自接收天线的信号。
遮盖信号、信标信号和用于产生这些信号的电路的一些示范性实施例的细节可见于2008年10月10日申请的标题为“经由接收天线阻抗调制的反向链路信令(REVERSELINKSIGNALINGVIARECEIVEANTENNAIMPEDANCEMODULATION)”的第12/249,873号美国实用新型专利申请案中；以及2008年10月10日申请的标题为“用于无线充电系统的发射电力控制(TRANSMITPOWERCONTROLFORAWIRELESSCHARGINGSYSTEM)”的第12/249,861号美国实用新型专利申请案中，上述两个申请案均以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
示范性通信机制和协议的细节可见于2008年10月10日申请的标题为“在无线电力环境中发信号通知充电(SIGNALINGCHARGINGINWIRELESSPOWERENVIRONMENT)”的第12/249,866号美国实用新型专利申请案中，所述申请案的内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
注意，在本文中使用时，术语“有源模式”包括其中电子装置正以有源方式发射信号(例如，数据信号)的操作模式。另外，在本文中使用时，术语“无源模式”包括其中电子装置能够被检测但不是正以有源方式发射信号的操作模式。
图7描绘电子装置700的一部分的框图，所述电子装置700可包括任何已知且合适的电子装置。作为非限制性实例，电子装置700可包括蜂窝式电话、便携式媒体播放器、相机、游戏装置、导航装置、头戴式耳机(例如，蓝牙头戴式耳机)、工具、玩具或其任何组合。如下文更全面地描述，电子装置700可经配置以无线接收从另一电子装置(例如无线充电器)发射的电力。更具体地说，电子装置700内的接收器701可经配置以接收从经配置以发射无线电力的装置发射的无线电力。另外，电子装置700可经配置以用接收到的电力对电子装置700的电池706进行充电。
另外，电子装置700可经配置以与至少一个其它电子装置无线通信。更具体地说，作为实例，电子装置700可经配置以建立与至少一个其它电子装置的通信链路(例如，近场通信(NFC)链路)，且在建立通信链路后，可即刻从所述至少一个其它电子装置无线接收数据(例如，音频文件、数据文件或视频文件)，将数据无线发射到所述至少一个其它电子装置，或进行所述两者。
电子装置700可包含接收器701，接收器701包括天线702，天线702可操作地耦合到接收电路704且经配置以用于接收RF场720，RF场720可包括(例如)无线电力、数据信号或其组合。接收电路704可包含匹配电路708、整流器710和调节器712。如所属领域的技术人员将理解，匹配电路708可经配置以使接收电路704的阻抗与天线702匹配。如所属领域的技术人员还将理解，整流器710可经配置以用于将AC电压转换为DC电压，且调节器712可经配置以用于输出经调节的电压电平。如图7中所说明，调节器712可以可操作地耦合到传感器716、电力管理系统714和调谐控制器718中的每一者。传感器716可包括经配置以感测接收电路704内的一个或一个以上参数值的一个或一个以上传感器，如下文更全面地描述。调谐控制器718可进一步可操作地耦合到传感器716和匹配电路708中的每一者，且可经配置以用于将一个或一个以上调谐值传达给匹配电路708，如下文更全面地描述。此外，电力管理系统714可以可操作地耦合到传感器716和电池706中的每一者，且可经配置以控制接收器701内的一个或一个以上组件的操作。
如所属领域的技术人员将理解，经由近场谐振的无线电力传送的效率至少部分地取决于发射器(例如，发射器104)与接收器(例如，接收器701)之间的耦合程度，所述发射器和接收器定位于彼此的近场内。另外，发射器与接收器之间的耦合程度可取决于一个或一个以上条件，其可变化、可为不可预料的，或两者。仅举例来说，发射器与接收器之间的耦合程度可取决于发射器的类型、接收器的类型、发射器与接收器的相对位置、与发射器和/或接收器相关联的频率波动、与发射器和/或接收器相关联的温度波动、发射器和/或接收器附近的其它材料的存在、环境变量或其任何组合。
本文所描述的本发明的各种示范性实施例是针对增加接收器701的无线电力充电效率。根据一个示范性实施例，电子装置700，且更具体地说，接收器701可经配置以用于感测且(任选地)跟踪与接收电路704相关联的各种参数(例如，电压电平或电流电平)。另外，接收器701可经配置以用于监视与电池706有关的数据。所述参数、电池数据或其组合可用于确定接收器701的充电效率。另外，响应于一个或一个以上所感测到的参数，接收器701可经配置以用于调谐天线702以实现对电池706的最佳电力供应。
继续参看图7，电力管理系统714可经配置以将数据(即，与电池706有关的数据)发射到传感器716。更具体地说，例如，电力管理系统714可经配置以将与电池706的充电等级、电池706的类型、电池706所完成的充电循环的数目或其任何组合有关的数据发射到传感器716。另外，传感器716可经配置以感测接收器701内的各个位置处的电压电平、接收器701内的各个位置处的电流电平或其任何组合。更具体地说，传感器716可经配置以感测正从调节器712供应到电池706的电压电平、正从调节器712供应到电池706的电流电平或其任何组合。另外，注意，传感器716可经配置以测量一个或一个以上所感测到的参数的平均值，监视(即，跟踪)一个或一个以上所感测到的参数的变化，或其任何组合。传感器716可进一步经配置以将所感测到的数据发射到调谐控制器718。
响应于从传感器716接收到的数据，调谐控制器718可经配置以执行一个或一个以上算法以产生一个或一个以上调谐值，其可用于调谐天线702以用于维持对电池706的最佳电力供应。注意，可选择所述一个或一个以上算法以适合特定应用。作为一个实例，调谐控制器718可包括比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器。如所属领域的技术人员将理解，PID控制器可经配置以在从传感器716接收到一个或一个以上输入信号(即，数据)后，即刻执行PID算法且输出一个或一个以上调谐值。作为另一实例，调谐控制器718可经配置以在从传感器716接收到一个或一个以上输入信号(即，数据)后，即刻执行逐次逼近算法以产生一个或一个以上调谐值，如所属领域的技术人员也将理解。此外，在确定一个或一个以上调谐值之后，调谐控制器718可经配置以将一个或一个以上指示所述一个或一个以上调谐值的信号(例如，控制信号)发射到匹配电路708。在接收到所述一个或一个以上信号后，匹配电路708，且更具体地说，天线调谐单元720(见图8)可经配置以即刻相应地调谐天线702以实现对电池706的最佳电力供应。
图8说明天线调谐单元720的实例，其可耦合到接收天线702，且可包含一个或一个以上可变电阻器721、一个或一个以上可变电容器723或其任何组合。天线调谐单元720可经配置以从调谐控制器718接收一个或一个以上信号，且响应于此，可相应地调谐天线702以实现对电池706的最佳电力供应。
现在将描述电子装置700的预期操作。最初，天线702可接收信号，所述信号根据此实例包括无线电力。此后，天线702可将接收到的信号传达给匹配电路708，匹配电路708可将接收到的信号的AC分量传达给整流器710。在接收到所述信号后，整流器710可即刻从所述信号提取DC分量，且此后将DC分量传达给电压调节器712。电压调节器712可接着将电压传达给电力管理系统714，其可接着将电压传达给电池706以用于对其进行充电。此外，在操作期间的任何时间，传感器716可感测接收器701内的一个或一个以上参数。举例来说，传感器716可感测正从调节器712供应到电池706的电压电平、正从调节器712供应到电池706的电流电平或其任何组合。此外，传感器716可监视(即，跟踪)一个或一个以上感测到的参数的变化，计算一个或一个以上感测到的参数的平均值，或其任何组合。此外，如上文所提到，与电池706有关的数据可从电力管理系统714传达到传感器716。此外，传感器716可将数据(例如，与电池706有关的数据和/或感测到的参数)传达到调谐控制器718，调谐控制器718可接着执行一个或一个以上合适的算法以确定一个或一个以上调谐值，以实现对电池706的最佳电力供应。此后，调谐控制器718可将指示所确定的一个或一个以上调谐值的一个或一个以上信号传达给匹配电路708。在接收到所述一个或一个以上信号后，匹配电路708可即刻相应地调谐天线702。
图9为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的方法680的流程图。方法680可包含用电子装置的天线接收RF场(由标号682描绘)。方法680可进一步包含感测与电子装置相关联的一个或一个以上参数(由标号684描绘)。另外，方法680可包含响应于所述一个或一个以上感测到的参数而产生一个或一个以上调谐值(由标号686描绘)。此外，方法680可包含根据所述一个或一个以上所产生的调谐值来调谐天线(由标号688描绘)。注意，可按照需要重复方法680，以维持对与电子装置相关联的电池的最佳电力供应。
如上文所述，本发明的示范性实施例可在潜在可变的充电条件(例如，电子装置700的移动、环境变量、发射器特性的波动、接收器特性的波动等)下实现对电池706的最佳电力供应。注意，上文所描述的示范性实施例的跟踪和自适应特征可减少可变充电条件的影响，且因此可减少充电时间，这对用户可为有益的。
除上文所述的其中无源装置可经配置以调谐其相关联的天线以实现增加的充电效率的示范性实施例之外，本发明的其它示范性实施例(如下文参看图10和图11所描述)是针对调谐有源装置的天线以实现增加的充电效率。
图10说明包括第一电子装置800的系统880，第一电子装置800可包括经配置以发射无线电力的任何已知且合适的充电器。第一电子装置800可包含至少一个发射天线802，其经配置以将电力无线发射到至少一个可充电装置(例如，第二电子装置850)。更具体地说，发射天线802和相关联的发射器(例如图2的发射器104)可经配置以将无线电力发射到相关联近场区内的接收器。注意，第一电子装置800在本文中还可称为“充电器”或“有源装置”。
系统880进一步包含第二电子装置850，其可包括经配置以接收无线电力的任何已知且合适的可充电装置。作为非限制性实例，电子装置850可包括蜂窝式电话、便携式媒体播放器、相机、游戏装置、导航装置、头戴式耳机(例如，蓝牙头戴式耳机)、工具、玩具或其任何组合。电子装置850可包含至少一个接收天线804，其经配置以接收从合适的无线电源(例如，第一电子装置800)无线发射的电力。更具体地说，根据一个示范性实施例，天线804和相关联接收器(例如图2的接收器108)可经配置以接收从相关联的近场区内的无线电源发射的无线电力。另外，电子装置850可经配置以用接收到的电力对电池852进行充电。注意，第二电子装置850在本文中还可称为“可充电装置”或“无源装置”。进一步注意，第二电子装置850可包括如上文参看图7和图8所述的电子装置700。
此外，电子装置800和电子装置850中的每一者可经配置以经由相关联的天线与至少一个其它电子装置无线通信。更具体地说，作为实例，电子装置800可经配置以建立与至少一个其它电子装置的通信链路，且在建立通信链路后，可即刻从所述至少一个其它电子装置无线接收数据(例如，音频文件、数据文件或视频文件)，将数据无线发射到所述至少一个其它电子装置，或进行所述两者。类似地，电子装置850可经配置以建立与至少一个其它电子装置的通信链路，且在建立通信链路后，可即刻从所述至少一个其它电子装置无线接收数据(例如，音频文件、数据文件或视频文件)，将数据无线发射到所述至少一个其它电子装置，或进行所述两者。如图10中所说明，通信链路810存在于第一电子装置800与第二电子装置850之间。
参看图10和图11，现在将描述系统880的预期操作。最初，第一电子装置800可发射RF场(由图11中的标号870描绘)，其可由第二电子装置850接收。此外，在接收到RF场870后，第二电子装置850可经配置以即刻监视系统880的充电效率。举例来说，第二电子装置850可经配置以监视从RF场870接收到的能量的量。更具体地说，第二电子装置850可经配置以用于感测和跟踪与电子装置850内的组件或信号相关联的各种参数(例如，电压电平、电流电平、温度和频率)，以确定从RF场870接收到的能量的量。此外，作为实例，第二电子装置850可经配置以将从RF场870接收到的能量的量与一个或一个以上基准值进行比较，以确定系统880的充电效率。作为一个实例，第二电子装置850可经配置以从第一电子装置800接收指示用RF场870发射的能量的量的数据信号。此后，为了确定系统880的充电效率，第二电子装置850可将从RF场870接收到的能量的量与用RF场870发射的能量的量进行比较。
如果第二电子装置850确定系统880的充电效率可被改进，或接收到的RF场不足以有效地对电池852进行充电，那么第二电子装置850可经配置以经由链路810且根据任何合适的通信途径(例如，NFC)向第一电子装置800发射信号(由图11中的标号872描绘)，所述信号请求修改所发射的RF场。作为一个实例，第二电子装置850可经配置以向第一电子装置800发射信号，所述信号请求以所要方式修改天线802的调谐。天线802的所要修改可包含(但不限于)中心频率的改变、Q因子的改变、阻抗的改变、方向性的改变、所选匝数的改变或其任何组合。作为另一实例，第二电子装置850可经配置以向第一电子装置800发射信号，所述信号请求增加或减小所发射的RF场的振幅。注意，接收到的RF场可能因为一个或一个以上各种原因而不足，例如(仅举例来说)接收到的RF场的电流过高或过低以致无法对电池852进行充电、接收到的RF场的电压过高或过低以致无法对电池852进行充电，或其任何组合。
在从第二电子装置850接收到信号872(即，所述请求)后，第一电子装置800可经配置以即刻确定与所述请求的顺应或部分顺应是否可行。确定顺应是否可行可至少部分地取决于各种因素，例如(仅举例来说)规定约束、可用资源或其任何组合。注意，如果第一电子装置800确定其无法顺应所述请求，那么系统880的充电效率将莫过于此。另一方面，如果第一电子装置800可至少部分地顺应所述请求，那么系统880的充电效率可得以改进。
不管第一电子装置800确定其可完全顺应所述请求，无法顺应所述请求，还是只能部分地顺应所述请求，第一电子装置800均可向第二电子装置850发射回复信号(由图11中的标号874描绘)，告知第二电子装置850其确定以及(任选地)其确定的原因。注意，回复信号874对第二电子装置850可为有用的，以用于停止进一步请求或用于在确定较有效的充电为不可能的情况下决定使一个或一个以上相关联组件掉电。
如果第一电子装置800至少部分地顺应所述请求，那么可将包括无线电力的RF场(由图11中的标号876描绘)发射到第二电子装置850，所述RF场可具有一个或一个以上经修改的参数(例如，频率、Q因子、方向性、振幅等)。
图12为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的方法690的流程图。方法690可包含从RF源接收RF场(由标号692描绘)。方法690可进一步包含将请求对RF场的至少一个修改的信号发射到RF源(由标号694描绘)。此外，方法690可进一步包含在请求所述至少一个修改之后接收经修改的RF场(由标号696描绘)。
上文参看图10到图12所述的各种示范性实施例实现在原本可能困难(如果不是不可能的话)的情形下对可充电装置进行无线充电。作为一个实例，在其中接收天线(例如，天线804)与发射天线(例如，天线802)之间的失配导致低充电效率的情况下，发射天线可经调谐以实现增加的效率。作为另一实例，在其中可充电装置(例如，第二电子装置850)距RF源(例如，第一电子装置800)太远或太近以致无法高效耦合的情况下，可减小或增加所发射的RF场的电力电平以实现增加的耦合。
图13描绘另一电子装置900的框图，电子装置900可包括任何已知且合适的电子装置。仅举例来说，电子装置900可包括蜂窝式电话、便携式媒体播放器、相机、游戏装置、导航装置、头戴式耳机(例如，蓝牙头戴式耳机)、工具、玩具或其任何组合。如下文更全面地描述，电子装置900可经配置以无线接收从RF源发射的RF场。更具体地说，根据一个示范性实施例，电子装置900的接收器901可经配置以接收从无线充电器发射的无线电力。此外，根据另一示范性实施例，电子装置900可经配置以经由接收器901与至少一个其它电子装置无线通信。更具体地说，作为实例，电子装置900可经配置以建立与至少一个其它电子装置的通信链路(例如，近场通信(NFC)链路)，且在建立通信链路后，可即刻经由合适途径(例如，NFC途径)从所述至少一个其它电子装置无线接收数据(例如，音频文件、数据文件或视频文件)，经由合适途径(例如，NFC途径)将数据无线发射到所述至少一个其它电子装置，或进行所述两者。
如所属领域的技术人员将理解，虽然在无源模式下操作，但接收器901可从接收到的RF场(即，数据信号)提取充足量的能量，以使接收器901能够为经配置以用于与发射装置(例如，图2的发射器104)无源通信的通信电路供电。此外，与数据信号相关联的接收RF场可通常产生超过为接收器内的通信电路供电所需的能量的能量。根据本发明的一个或一个以上示范性实施例，电子装置900，且更具体地说，接收器901可经配置以用于经由合适的通信途径接收数据信号，从数据信号提取可用能量，且将所提取的能量传达给电池906。
如图13中所说明，接收器901包含天线902，其可操作地耦合到接收电路904，且经配置以用于接收无线电力。接收电路904可包含匹配电路908、整流器910、第一电压调节器912和数据处理器924。匹配电路908可以可操作地耦合到整流器910和数据处理器924中的每一者。此外，第一电压调节器912可以可操作地耦合到数据处理器924和整流器910中的每一者。接收电路904可进一步包含第二电压调节器926，其可操作地耦合到整流器910和电力管理系统914中的每一者，电力管理系统914可包括电力管理集成电路。电力管理系统914可以可操作地耦合到电池906。仅举例来说，第二电压调节器926可包括切换调节器。
现在将描述接收器901的预期操作。最初，天线902可经由合适途径(例如，NFC途径)接收数据信号，且此后，将接收到的信号传达给匹配电路908。匹配电路908此后可将接收到的信号的AC分量传达给数据处理器924和整流器910中的每一者。在接收到所述信号后，整流器910可即刻从所述信号提取DC分量，且将DC分量传达给第一电压调节器912。第一电压调节器912可接着将电压传达给数据处理器924，以用于为其中的组件供电。
此外，整流器910可将未经调节的电压Vunreg传达给第二电压调节器926。此外，第二电压调节器926可经配置以输出经调节的电压Vreg，其可具有适合对电池906进行充电的振幅。进一步注意，从整流器910发射到第二电压调节器926的未经调节的电压Vunreg的振幅可依据接收器901与相关联发射器(例如，图2的发射器104)之间的耦合程度而变化。此外，接收器901和相关联发射器(例如，图2的发射器104)的相对位置、相关联天线的调谐以及发射器和/或接收器901附近的其它材料的存在可影响未经调节的电压Vunreg的振幅。
在接收到经调节的电压Vreg后，电力管理系统914可将电力传达给电池906以用于对其进行充电。注意，第二电压调节器926可以如同有线充电器(未图示)曾正将电力传达到电力管理系统914的类似方式将经调节的电压Vreg传达到电力管理系统914的输入引脚(未图示)。
图14说明系统950，其包含定位于电子装置960附近的电子装置900，电子装置960可经配置以用于经由任何合适途径将数据发射到电子装置900。电子装置900可经配置以从电子装置960接收RF场(即，数据信号)(由箭头792描绘)，并将数据信号传达到数据处理器(例如，图12的数据处理器924)。此外，根据上文所述的示范性实施例中的一者或一者以上，电子装置900可经配置以从接收到的RF场提取可用能量，并将所提取的能量传达到电池906(见图12)。
图15说明另一系统990，其包含定位于电子装置962附近的电子装置900，将电子装置962描绘为膝上型计算机。电子装置962可经配置以经由任何合适途径建立与电子装置900的通信链路。另外，在建立通信链路后，电子装置962可经配置以即刻将包含数据信号(例如，媒体文件或数据文件)的RF场发射到电子装置900。电子装置900可经配置以从电子装置962接收RF场(即，数据信号)，且将数据信号传达给电子装置900的数据处理器(即，图12的数据处理器924)。此外，根据上文所述的示范性实施例中的一者或一者以上，电子装置900可经配置以从RF场提取可用能量，并将所提取的能量传达到电池906(见图12)。注意，从一个电子装置(例如，电子装置962)到另一电子装置(例如，电子装置900)的数据传送(例如，文件的同步)可需要大量的时间，且因此可在数据传送期间将相当大量的能量传达给电池(例如，电池906)。
图16为说明根据一个或一个以上示范性实施例的方法980的流程图。方法980可包含用电子装置无线接收数据信号(由标号982描绘)。方法980可进一步包含从数据信号提取可用能量(由标号984描绘)。此外，方法980可包含将所提取的能量传达给与所述电子装置相关联的电池(由标号986描绘)。注意，可针对由电子装置接收到的每一数据信号重复方法980。
注意，参看图13到图16所述的示范性实施例可结合其它无线充电技术(例如较高电力专用无线充电器)来利用。然而，在独立配置中，参看图13到图16所述的示范性实施例可实现用于对电子装置进行充电的低成本、小型且可靠的途径。
所属领域的技术人员将理解，可使用多种不同技术和技艺中的任一者来表示信息和信号。举例来说，可由电压、电流、电磁波、磁场或磁性粒子、光场或光学粒子或其任何组合来表示可在以上描述中通篇参考的数据、指令、命令、信息、信号、位、符号和码片。
技术人员将进一步了解，结合本文中所揭示的示范性实施例而描述的各种说明性逻辑块、模块、电路及算法步骤可实施为电子硬件、计算机软件或两者的组合。为了清楚地说明硬件与软件的这种可互换性，上文已大体上按照其功能性而描述了各种说明性组件、块、模块、电路及步骤。将此功能性实施为硬件还是软件取决于特定应用及强加于整个系统的设计约束。熟练的技术人员可对于每一特定应用以不同的方式实施所描述的功能性，但此些实施决策不应被解释为导致脱离本发明的示范性实施例的范围。
结合本文所揭示的示范性实施例而描述的各种说明性逻辑块、模块和电路可用经设计以执行本文描述的功能的通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑装置、离散门或晶体管逻辑、离散硬件组件或其任何组合来实施或执行。通用处理器可为微处理器，但在替代方案中，处理器可为任何常规的处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器还可实施为计算装置的组合，例如，DSP与微处理器的组合、多个微处理器、结合DSP核心的一个或一个以上微处理器或任何其它此类配置。
结合本文所揭示的示范性实施例而描述的方法或算法的步骤可直接以硬件、以由处理器执行的软件模块或以所述两者的组合来体现。软件模块可驻存于随机存取存储器(RAM)、快闪存储器、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、寄存器、硬盘、可装卸盘、CD-ROM或此项技术中已知的任何其它形式的存储媒体中。将示范性存储媒体耦合到处理器，使得所述处理器可从存储媒体读取信息以及将信息写入到存储媒体。在替代方案中，存储媒体可与处理器成一体式。处理器及存储媒体可驻存于ASIC中。ASIC可驻存于用户终端中。在替代方案中，处理器和存储媒体可作为离散组件驻存于用户终端中。
在一个或一个以上示范性实施例中，所描述的功能可以硬件、软件、固件或其任何组合来实施。如果以软件来实施，那么可将功能作为一个或一个以上指令或代码存储在计算机可读媒体上或经由计算机可读媒体来传输。计算机可读媒体包括计算机存储媒体与通信媒体两者，通信媒体包括促进将计算机程序从一处传送到另一处的任何媒体。存储媒体可为可由计算机存取的任何可用媒体。借助于实例而非限制，所述计算机可读媒体可包含RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其它光盘存储装置、磁盘存储装置或其它磁性存储装置，或可用于携载或存储呈指令或数据结构的形式的所要程序代码且可由计算机存取的任何其它媒体。而且，任何连接被恰当地称作计算机可读媒体。举例来说，如果使用同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线、数字订户线(DSL)或例如红外线、无线电和微波等无线技术从网站、服务器或其它远程源传输软件，那么同轴电缆、光纤电缆、双绞线、DSL或例如红外线、无线电和微波等无线技术包含在媒体的定义中。如本文中所使用，磁盘和光盘包括压缩光盘(CD)、激光光盘、光学光盘、数字通用光盘(DVD)、软性磁盘及蓝光光盘，其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再现数据，而光盘使用激光以光学方式再现数据。以上各项的组合也应包含在计算机可读媒体的范围内。
提供对所揭示的示范性实施例的先前描述是为了使所属领域的技术人员能够制作或使用本发明。所属领域的技术人员将易于了解对这些示范性实施例的各种修改，且在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，本文中界定的一般原理可应用于其它实施例。因此，本发明不希望限于本文中所展示的示范性实施例，而是应被赋予与本文中所揭示的原理及新颖特征一致的最宽范围。

Claims (30)

1.一种用于从充电器无线接收充电电力的装置，所述装置包括：
天线，其经配置以从无线场接收充电电力，所述充电电力处于足以对电池充电的等级；以及
调谐控制器，其经配置以产生针对所述充电器的调谐值以提高充电电力的效率水平，所述调谐控制器进一步经配置以将所产生的调谐值发送给所述充电器，所述调谐控制器进一步经配置以响应于所述所产生的调谐值而从所述充电器接收回复信号，所述回复信号指示对所述充电器顺应修改所述无线场的请求的能力的确定及所述确定的原因，所述天线进一步经配置以基于所述所产生的调谐值而耦合到经修改的无线场。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述调谐控制器进一步经配置以产生所述调谐值所基于的值的比例-积分-微分PID，以及/或产生所述调谐值所基于的值的逐次逼近。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其进一步包括传感器，其中所述传感器经配置以检测以下各项中的至少一者：发送由所述天线接收的信号的发射器的类型；所述装置的类型；发送由所述天线接收的信号的发射器与所述装置的相对位置；与发送由所述天线接收的信号的发射器相关联的频率波动；与所述装置相关联的频率波动；与发送由所述天线接收的信号的发射器相关联的温度波动；与所述装置相关联的温度波动；由发送由所述天线接收的信号的发射器产生的无线场内的材料的存在；以及由发送由所述天线接收的信号的发射器产生的无线场内的环境因素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述调谐控制器至少部分地基于所述电池的属性而产生至少一个调谐值，其中所述电池的所述属性包括以下各项中的至少一者：所述电池的类型、所述电池的充电循环数目、所述电池的充电电平、供应到所述电池的电压电平、以及供应到所述电池的电流量。
5.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中所述调谐控制器经配置以部分地基于所述所检测到的参数而产生调谐值。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其包括用于向所述充电器发送所述调谐值的发射器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述调谐控制器经配置以确定所述调谐值所基于的值的平均值，或跟踪所述调谐值所基于的值的变化。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其包括接收电路，所述接收电路经配置以：
从所述充电器接收指示所发射的无线场内的能量的量的数据信号；以及
将所发射的无线场内的能量的所述量与接收到的无线场内的能量的测得量进行比较。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其包括发射器，所述发射器经配置以将请求对从所述充电器发射的无线场的修改的数据信号发射到所述充电器，以提高充电电力的效率。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其包括：
电压调节器，其经配置以从所接收到的数据信号提取可用能量，电力管理系统经配置以将所述所提取的能量传达给所述电池。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，其包括数据处理器，所述数据处理器经配置以处理所述所接收到的数据信号。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述调谐控制器进一步经配置以产生针对所述天线的调谐值。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置，其进一步包括匹配电路，其与所述调谐控制器耦合，所述匹配电路经配置以基于针对所述天线的调谐值而调谐所述天线。
14.一种从充电器接收无线充电电力的方法，其包括：
用电子装置的天线经由无线场接收所述充电电力；
产生针对所述充电器的调谐值，以提高充电电力的效率水平；
将所产生的调谐值发送给所述充电器；
响应于所述所产生的调谐值而从所述充电器接收回复信号，所述回复信号指示对所述充电器顺应修改所述无线场的请求的能力的确定及所述确定的原因；以及
基于所述所产生的调谐值而耦合到经修改的无线场。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中发送所述所产生的调谐值包括请求对所述无线场的修改。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中发送所述所产生的调谐值包括将包含所述调谐值的信号发射到所述充电器。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中从所述充电器接收回复信号包括基于所述调谐值从所述充电器接收信号。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中耦合到经修改的无线场包括在请求所述对所述无线场的修改之后耦合到经修改的无线场。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其包括基于所述所产生的调谐值而调谐所述充电器的天线。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中调谐所述充电器的所述天线包括修改以下各项中的至少一者：所述天线的Q因子；所述天线的阻抗；所述天线所发射的中心频率；所述天线的方向性；以及所述天线的匝数。
21.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中耦合到经修改的无线场包括在将请求所述对所述无线场的修改的信号发射到所述充电器之后，耦合到来自所述充电器的经修改的无线场。
22.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中耦合到经修改的无线场包括耦合到具有增加的电力和减小的电力中的一者的经修改的无线场。
23.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其包括：
检测与同所述电子装置相关联的电池相关联的参数；以及
其中所产生的调谐值至少部分地基于同所述电子装置相关联的所述电池的属性，且其中所述电池的所述属性包括以下各项中的至少一者：供应到所述电池的电压；以及供应到所述电池的电流量。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中产生调谐值包括以下各项中的至少一者：部分地基于所述所检测到的参数而产生比例-积分-微分PID；以及部分地基于所述所检测到的参数而产生逐次逼近。
25.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其进一步包括：
针对所述天线产生调谐值；及
基于针对所述天线产生的调谐值而调谐所述天线。
26.一种装置，其包括：
用于经由无线场接收充电电力的装置；
用于产生针对充电器的调谐值以提高充电电力的效率水平的装置；
用于将所产生的调谐值发送给所述充电器的装置；
用于响应于所述所产生的调谐值而从所述充电器接收回复信号的装置，所述回复信号指示对所述充电器顺应修改所述无线场的请求的能力的确定及所述确定的原因；以及
用于基于所述所产生的调谐值而耦合到经修改的无线场的装置。
27.根据权利要求26所述的装置，其进一步包括：
用于针对用于接收所述经修改的无线场的装置而产生调谐值的装置；及
用于基于针对所述用于接收所述经修改的无线场的装置而产生的调谐值，而调谐所述用于接收所述经修改的无线场的装置的装置。
28.一种用于经由无线场向无线电力接收器发送电力的充电器，其包括：
天线，其经配置以经由所述无线场发送所述电力；
发射器，其经配置以将所述电力提供给所述天线；及
接收器，其经配置以从所述无线电力接收器接收包括对所述无线场进行修改的请求的数据信号，所述发射器进一步经配置以基于所述请求而修改所述无线场，并响应于所述请求而向所述无线电力接收器发射回复信号，所述回复信号指示基于所述请求的对所述充电器顺应所述请求的能力的确定及所述确定的原因。
29.一种方法，其包括：
经由无线场向无线电力接收器发射充电电力；
从所述无线电力接收器接收包括对所述无线场进行修改的请求的数据信号；
基于所述请求而修改所述无线场；以及
响应于所述请求而向所述无线电力接收器发射回复信号，所述回复信号指示基于所述请求的对顺应所述请求的能力的确定及所述确定的原因。
30.一种充电器，其包括：
用于经由无线场向无线电力接收器发射充电电力的装置；
用于从所述无线电力接收器接收包括对所述无线场进行修改的请求的数据信号的装置；
用于基于所述请求而修改所述无线场的装置；以及
用于响应于所述请求而向所述无线电力接收器发射回复信号的装置，所述回复信号指示基于所述请求的对所述充电器顺应所述请求的能力的确定及所述确定的原因。
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