CN102452776A - Method for treating oil sludge - Google Patents
Method for treating oil sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102452776A CN102452776A CN201010514040XA CN201010514040A CN102452776A CN 102452776 A CN102452776 A CN 102452776A CN 201010514040X A CN201010514040X A CN 201010514040XA CN 201010514040 A CN201010514040 A CN 201010514040A CN 102452776 A CN102452776 A CN 102452776A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating oil sludge. The method realizes oil sludge integrated treatment by utilization of microwave demulsification dehydration, heat treatment flash evaporation and steam distillation. Concretely, the method comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out a microwave pretreatment demulsification dehydration process on oil sludge to reduce water content of the oil sludge, 2, heating the oil sludge subjected to the microwave pretreatment demulsification dehydration process to a temperature of 100 to 300 DEG C in an oxygen-free environment, feeding the heated oil sludge into a separating column, carrying out a heat treatment flash evaporation process, through condensation, recovering a light oil component and water separated by the heat treatment flash evaporation, and taking out sludge comprising a heavy oil component and solids from the separating column, and 3, carrying out solid-liquid separation of the sludge in the bottom of the separating column, recovering the heavy oil component as a coking or catalytic cracking raw material, and carrying out a steam distillation process on the solids to further recover an oil component from the solids. The method can realize full recovery of various valuable components of oil sludge and has good industrial application economical efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of treatment process of oily sludge.
Background technology
Greasy filth mainly is meant because the oily sludge of formation such as the crude oil that causes of a variety of causes or other oil product and earth, and the oily sediment that system takes out of in the ordinary production of oil field etc., be a kind of solid waste that is rich in MO, staple is crude oil, Ni Heshui.The solid particulate size can be from not enough micron to several inches, and great majority are between 1 to 100 micron, and crude oil kind, refinery structure and operational condition are depended in oil composition, and the composition of mud possibly change in time and change.Usually contain certain crude oil (concentration quality 5%～80%), heavy metal ion (like iron, copper, nickel etc.) and inorganic salts (concentration quality 5%～20%) compound etc. in the mud.Generally contain materials such as benzene series thing, phenols in these greasy filth; And follow stench and toxicity; If directly contact with physical environment, can make that the soil poisons, acidifying or alkalization, cause the change of soil and soil structure; Hinder plant root growth and can cause bigger pollution, also mean the waste of petroleum resources simultaneously water body and vegetation.
By national Hazardous wastes register, greasy filth is classified as Hazardous wastes, and it just attracts great attention to the chronicity and the potentiality of environmental hazard.Carrying out greasy filth management and Study of Prevention Technology is a vital task of present national environmental protection work.Therefore, how carrying out innoxious and recycling to these oily sludges, also is the important environmental issue that pendulum needs to be resolved hurrily in face of oil refining industry.
The technology of handling oily sludge at present mainly contains resource recovery, harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization technique etc.Resource recycling technology comprises solvent extration, WATER-WASHING METHOD, micro emulsion washing, breakdown of emulsion method etc.Greasy filth harmless treatment treatment technology comprises immobilization processing, technology such as biological treatment, burning.Comprehensive utilization technique comprises that thermolysis, brickmaking are paved the way and other purposes.The treatment technology of greasy filth is varied, and every kind of method all has separately the relative merits and the scope of application.Along with the increasingly stringent of environmental regulation and perfect, oil field oil-containing silt particle treatment technology will attract great attention, the inexorable trend that oily sandy sludge is innoxious, resource utilization, comprehensive utilization treatment technology will become the development of oil sludge and sand treatment technology.
Solvent extration is use always in the greasy filth treatment technology a kind of; Its utilization " similar mixing " principle; Select appropriate organic solvent to make extraction agent; After organism come out by solvent extraction from greasy filth, from mixture, separate solvent through distillation and to recycle, the crude oil of recovery then is used for freshening.US484271 adopts extraction oxidation oxidation style that oily sludge is handled, and in mud, adds a kind of light hydrocarbon earlier and makes extraction agent, and after extraction, oily and most of organism is removed, and residual mud is used HNO
3Oxide treatment under 200～375 ℃ and condition of normal pressure.
CN02133117.0 adopts the technical finesse oily sludge of " extraction heat-dehydration-solid-liquid separation "; Oily sludge is carried out mechanical dehydration, mix and preheating with extraction solvent oil then, carry out extraction heat-processed after mixing; Carry out solid-liquid separation then; Liquid phase gets into coker, and solid phase can be used as fuel, and the vapour phase of extraction heat-dehydration is carried out oily water separation after condensation.This procedure is simple, need not specific installation; Investment and process cost are low; Not only effectively handled oily sludge, and wherein valuable components is fully utilized, can give the after-treatment device deleterious impact simultaneously; But energy consumption is higher, and centimetre does not utilize the various valuable constituents in the greasy filth.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of treatment process of greasy filth, can fully reclaim the various valuable constituents in the greasy filth, the industrial application good economy performance.
The treatment process of greasy filth of the present invention comprises microwave demulsifying dehydration-thermal treatment flash distillation-vapor distillation method synthesis processing greasy filth, and concrete steps are following:
(1) greasy filth is adopted the Microwave Pretreatment breaking emulsion and dewatering, reduce water cut in the greasy filth.The microwave radiation frequency is 300MHz～300GHz, preferred 2450MHz, and power is 500～3000W, radiated time 10～60min/m
3(treatment time of every cubic metre of greasy filth).
(2) greasy filth behind the microwave dehydration is heated to 100～300 ℃ under anoxic condition, preferred 150～250 ℃, gets into knockout tower then and carry out the heat-lightening steaming.Lightweight oil content that flashes off and water reclaim through the mode of condensation.Heavy oil content and solids are taken out in knockout tower with the form of mud.
(3) tower bed mud slurry is carried out after the solid-liquid separation heavy oil content being reclaimed, as coking or catalytically cracked material.Solids adopts vapor distillation further to reclaim oil content.Solid-liquid separation adopts modes such as vacuum filtration, pressure filtration or centrifuging.Vapor distillation carries out oil gas wherein with water vapor under 320～480 ℃ hot conditions, steam distilled pressure-controlling is at 0.2～0.4MPa.Handling the back solids acts as a fuel or landfill with solidifying agent curing.
Microwave dehydration, heat-lightening are steamed in the present invention and the vapor distillation process combines, and makes that greasy filth obtains fully effectively handling.Microwave chemical is an emerging forward position cross discipline that in microwave field, grows up on substance characteristics and the repercussion study basis thereof.Microwave is a kind of frequency electromagnetic waves of frequency about 300MHz～300GHz.Microwave frequency commonly used is 2450MHz.It has electromagnetic such as wave characteristics such as reflection, transmission, interference, diffraction, polarization and energy transmission.In recent years, the further exploitation of the efficient heat generation characteristic of microwave, its application turns to fields such as catalytic chemistry, materials processed, pollution control from traditional communication field.Wherein, polluting the control field, particularly obtaining bigger progress aspect the processing of solid waste such as industrial sludge, medical waste, junked tire, electronic waste and building waste.The characteristics of microwave heating effect are that rate of heating is fast, are quick on the draw, and homogeneous heating, efficient is high, and selectivity is better.Utilize this characteristic of microwave, can dewater, the water-oil emulsion breakdown of emulsion in the mud is separated, realize oil, water, the triphasic recycling of mud mud.The evaporation energy input helps the greasy filth breakdown of emulsion and separates directly to water in microwave treatment processing greasy filth process.
It is that greasy filth is heated to more than 100 ℃ that heat-lightening steams treatment technology, carries out flash distillation at knockout tower then, and steam and hydrocarbons are separated out from knockout tower.Heavy constituent hydrocarbon and inorganics can carry out solid-liquid separation after discharging flashing tower as bed mud, and solid separated adopts the vapor distillation method further to reclaim.
The inventive method processing efficiency is high, and required equipment scale is little, the industrial application good economy performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a greasy filth treatment process process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With greasy filth at the bottom of certain refinery's oil tank is the example explanation specific embodiment of the invention.The present invention is particularly suitable to the high greasy filth of water ratio, so the greasy filth of selecting is moisture 75.5%, and oil-containing 14.2%, all the other are solid matter (percentage composition that relates among the present invention is benchmark with weight).
Greasy filth is got into water knockout through pumping.The external microwave radiation device of water knockout.The microwave radiation frequency is 2450MHz, and power is 800W.Radiated time 40min/m
3Microwave demulsifying dehydration back greasy filth water ratio can drop to 32%.The greasy filth that will dewater is heated to 250 ℃, sends into flashing tower and carries out flash distillation.Cat head obtains water vapour and lighter hydrocarbons steam, and condensation obtains the lightweight oil content after water-and-oil separator separates, and sewage gets into Sewage treatment systems.At the bottom of the flash distillation Tata heavy oil content and solids blended mud.Mud reclaims the heavy oil content after vacuum filtration, as the delayed coking raw material.The mud of handling under 400 ℃ of conditions, carries out oil gas wherein with water vapor.The pressure-controlling that purges is at 0.2MPa.Final oil recovery rate is 98.7%.
Embodiment 2
With greasy filth at the bottom of certain refinery's oil tank is the example explanation specific embodiment of the invention.Greasy filth oil-containing 45%, moisture 41%, all the other are solid matter.Technical process is with embodiment 1.The microwave radiation frequency is 2450MHz, and power is 1500W.Radiated time 15min/m
3Microwave demulsifying dehydration back greasy filth water ratio can drop to 15%.It is 200 ℃ that Heating temperature is handled in flash distillation.Vapor distillation is under 450 ℃ of conditions, and pressure-controlling is at 0.3MPa.Final oil recovery rate is 97.4%.
Claims (6)
1. the treatment process of a greasy filth is characterized in that comprising microwave demulsifying dehydration-thermal treatment flash distillation-vapor distillation method synthesis processing greasy filth, and concrete steps are following:
(1) greasy filth is adopted the Microwave Pretreatment breaking emulsion and dewatering, reduce water cut in the greasy filth;
(2) greasy filth behind the microwave dehydration is heated to 100～300 ℃ under anoxic condition, gets into knockout tower then and carry out the heat-lightening steaming, lightweight oil content that flashes off and water reclaim through the mode of condensation, and heavy oil content and solids are taken out in knockout tower with the form of mud;
(3) tower bed mud slurry is carried out after the solid-liquid separation heavy oil content being reclaimed, as coking or catalytically cracked material, solids adopts vapor distillation further to reclaim oil content.
2. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the microwave irradiation power of step (1) Microwave Pretreatment breaking emulsion and dewatering is 500～3000W.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described methods, it is characterized in that: the microwave irradiation time of step (1) Microwave Pretreatment breaking emulsion and dewatering is 10～60min/m
3
4. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (2) is heated to 150～250 ℃ with the greasy filth behind the microwave dehydration under anoxic condition.
5. according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the solids vapor distillation of step (3) carries out under 320～480 ℃ hot conditions.
6. according to claim 1 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that: the steam distilled pressure-controlling of step (3) is at 0.2～0.4MPa.
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102949974A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-03-06 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Microwave heating device and application thereof |
| CN103771677A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method using hydrogen donor for thermal conversion processing of greasy filth |
| CN104087338A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-10-08 | 青岛东方循环能源有限公司 | A dehydrating method of tyre pyrolysis oil |
| CN104671621A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-06-03 | 徐明好 | Treatment method for sludge in municipal sewage treatment plant |
| CN105330124A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 东南大学 | Microwave radiation solvent extraction combination deep dehydration method and device applied to biological solid matter |
| CN105668961A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-06-15 | 北京天灏柯润环境科技有限公司 | Sludge treatment device and method |
| CN106434766A (en) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-02-22 | 易永强 | Method for producing biogas by soybean oil sludge fermentation |
| WO2017107157A1 (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | Cyc Machinery Inc. | Method and system for processing oily mixture |
| CN107118786A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-01 | 李苏卿 | For domestic sludge, the microwave cracking machine of stalk and microwave cracking method |
| CN109293204A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-01 | 东营华联石油化工厂有限公司 | A kind of sludge treatment system and its processing method |
| CN109399756A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The desalting and dewatering method and apparatus of oil-containing waste material |
| CN109399888A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The continuous desalting and dewatering method and apparatus of oily sludge |
| CN109761469A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-17 | 长沙如洋环保科技有限公司 | The separation method and sludge impurity of a kind of oily sludge are preparing the application in active carbon |
| CN111186981A (en) * | 2020-02-02 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏科威环保技术有限公司 | Multi-stage treatment system for oil sludge |
| CN111908743A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oil sludge hydrothermal treatment separation and recovery system and method |
| CN114506957A (en) * | 2022-02-27 | 2022-05-17 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | Method for deep dehydration of emulsified waste oil and fat and treatment of oil-containing wastewater |
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Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102949974A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2013-03-06 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Microwave heating device and application thereof |
| CN103771677A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method using hydrogen donor for thermal conversion processing of greasy filth |
| CN103771677B (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2015-06-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method using hydrogen donor for thermal conversion processing of greasy filth |
| CN104087338A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2014-10-08 | 青岛东方循环能源有限公司 | A dehydrating method of tyre pyrolysis oil |
| CN104671621A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-06-03 | 徐明好 | Treatment method for sludge in municipal sewage treatment plant |
| CN105330124A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-17 | 东南大学 | Microwave radiation solvent extraction combination deep dehydration method and device applied to biological solid matter |
| CN105330124B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-04-24 | 东南大学 | A kind of method and device of microwave radiation solvent extraction combination deep dehydration for biosolids material |
| WO2017107157A1 (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | Cyc Machinery Inc. | Method and system for processing oily mixture |
| CN105668961A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-06-15 | 北京天灏柯润环境科技有限公司 | Sludge treatment device and method |
| CN105668961B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2019-04-09 | 北京天灏柯润环境科技有限公司 | Sludge treatment equipment and method |
| CN106434766A (en) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-02-22 | 易永强 | Method for producing biogas by soybean oil sludge fermentation |
| CN107118786A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-01 | 李苏卿 | For domestic sludge, the microwave cracking machine of stalk and microwave cracking method |
| CN109399756A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The desalting and dewatering method and apparatus of oil-containing waste material |
| CN109399888A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-03-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The continuous desalting and dewatering method and apparatus of oily sludge |
| CN109399756B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2021-12-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for desalting and dewatering oil-containing waste |
| CN109399888B (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2021-12-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for continuous desalting and dewatering of oily sludge |
| CN109293204A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-02-01 | 东营华联石油化工厂有限公司 | A kind of sludge treatment system and its processing method |
| CN109293204B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2022-03-22 | 东营华联石油化工厂有限公司 | Oil sludge treatment system and treatment method thereof |
| CN109761469A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-05-17 | 长沙如洋环保科技有限公司 | The separation method and sludge impurity of a kind of oily sludge are preparing the application in active carbon |
| CN109761469B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-10-22 | 东营市康杰化工科技发展有限责任公司 | Separation method of oily sludge and application of sludge impurities in preparation of activated carbon |
| CN111908743A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oil sludge hydrothermal treatment separation and recovery system and method |
| CN111908743B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2023-02-10 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Oil sludge hydrothermal treatment separation and recovery system and method |
| CN111186981A (en) * | 2020-02-02 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏科威环保技术有限公司 | Multi-stage treatment system for oil sludge |
| CN114506957A (en) * | 2022-02-27 | 2022-05-17 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | Method for deep dehydration of emulsified waste oil and fat and treatment of oil-containing wastewater |
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