Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, and provide a kind of structure very simple, device cheap, that need is few, efficient is high, low in energy consumption, circuit stable and reliable operation, motor direct current speeder and circuit diagram thereof based on the dihedral ripple that the electromotor velocity governing response is fast.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of motor direct current speeder based on the dihedral ripple, it comprises control module, described control module is connected with division module, load blocks and display module, and described control module comprises dihedral ripple generation unit and the speed adjustment unit that matches with dihedral ripple generation unit.
Described control module adopts LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit, LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit is connected with two fixed value resistances and adjustable resistance and field effect transistor, LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit is comprised of four amplifiers, in described four amplifiers wherein three form dihedral ripple generating units, another in described four amplifiers and two fixed value resistances, adjustable resistance and field effect transistor composition speed adjustment unit.
Described load blocks comprises motor, electric capacity and diode.
Described display terminal comprises fixed value resistance and reflective diode.
Described division module adopts two fixed value resistances.
A kind of circuit diagram of the motor direct current speeder based on the dihedral ripple, it comprises the operational amplifier U1a that forms LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit, operational amplifier U1b, operational amplifier U1c and operational amplifier U1d and resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, resistance R 8, adjustable resistance RV1, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 3, diode D1, LED 1, field effect transistor IRF521, described resistance R 1, resistance R 2 series connection, the outer end of resistance R 1 connects power supply, the outer end ground connection of resistance R 2, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1c and resistance R 1, wire between the resistance R 2 connects, the inverting input of operational amplifier U1c and output all are connected inverting input with the inverting input of operational amplifier U1a and are connected with operational amplifier U1d, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1a is connected with the output of self by resistance R 3, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1a is connected with the output of operational amplifier U1d and the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1b by resistance R 5, the output of operational amplifier U1a is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier U1d by resistance R 4, the inverting input of operational amplifier U1d and output are parallel with capacitor C 1, the output of operational amplifier U1b is connected with field effect transistor IRF521, the minus earth of described LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit, the positive pole of LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit is connected with resistance R 7 in turn by power connection, adjustable resistance VR1, resistance R 6 and power connection, the adjustable side of adjustable resistance VR1 is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier U1b, the grid of field effect transistor IRF521 is connected with the output of operational amplifier U1b, the source ground of field effect transistor IRF521, the drain electrode of field effect transistor IRF521 is connected with capacitor C 3 and power supply in turn, the two ends of capacitor C 3 are parallel with diode D1, LED 1 and direct current machine interface, diode D1, be in series with resistance R 8 between the LED 1.
Realization principle of the present invention:
Take the size of dihedral wave voltage and reference voltage as reference, when dihedral wave voltage output high level during greater than reference voltage, when dihedral wave voltage output low level during less than reference voltage, thereby can obtain a series of pulse signals.Under impulse action, switch on and off power supply by a fixing frequency, just can control in real time the running speed of motor.Speed increases when motor is switched on; Speed reduces during electric motor circuit breaking.If when motor directly connects power supply (duty ratio is 100%), motor speed is Vm, establishing duty ratio is D=t/T, and then the average speed of motor is
Ve =Vm×D (1)
In the formula: Ve---average speed;
Vm---at full speed (speed when being direct-electrifying);
D=t/T---duty ratio (0-100%).
By formula (1) as seen, the speed when Vm is the DC motor direct-electrifying (at full speed), only the characteristic with motor itself is relevant, motor one timing, Vm is a definite value.Change duty ratio D=t/T, just can obtain different average speed, thereby just can control in real time the rotating speed of motor.Thereby change the rotating speed that reference voltage namely can change duty ratio regulating electric machine by adjustable resistance.
The present invention has following good effect: the present invention includes control module, control module is connected with division module, load blocks and display module, control module comprises dihedral ripple generation unit and the speed adjustment unit that matches with dihedral ripple generation unit; Have advantages of that devices simple in structure, cheap, that need are few, efficient is high, low in energy consumption; Take the size of dihedral wave voltage and reference voltage as reference, when the dihedral wave voltage greater than reference voltage time output high level, when dihedral wave voltage output low level during less than reference voltage, thereby can obtain a series of pulse signals, rotating speed by pulse signal control motor, the circuit stable and reliable operation, the electromotor velocity governing response is fast, can satisfy the requirement of practical engineering application.Control module adopts LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit and two fixed value resistances that are connected with LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit and adjustable resistance and field effect transistor, LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit has the supply voltage wide ranges, the advantages such as quiescent dissipation is little, and is cheap; In addition, the device of wanting required for the present invention is few, is convenient to implement and promote, and the cost of the maintenance in later stage is also lower.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of motor direct current speeder based on the dihedral ripple, it comprises control module, described control module is connected with division module, load blocks and display module, and described control module comprises dihedral ripple generation unit and the speed adjustment unit that matches with dihedral ripple generation unit.
Described control module adopts LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit, LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit is connected with two fixed value resistances and adjustable resistance and field effect transistor, LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit is comprised of four amplifiers, in described four amplifiers wherein three form dihedral ripple generating units, another in described four amplifiers and two fixed value resistances, adjustable resistance and field effect transistor composition speed adjustment unit.
Described load blocks comprises motor, electric capacity and diode.
Described display terminal comprises fixed value resistance and reflective diode.
Described division module adopts two fixed value resistances.
A kind of circuit diagram of the motor direct current speeder based on the dihedral ripple, it comprises the operational amplifier U1a that forms LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit, operational amplifier U1b, operational amplifier U1c and operational amplifier U1d and resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3, resistance R 4, resistance R 5, resistance R 6, resistance R 7, resistance R 8, adjustable resistance RV1, capacitor C 1, capacitor C 3, diode D1, LED 1, field effect transistor IRF521, described resistance R 1, resistance R 2 series connection, the outer end of resistance R 1 connects power supply, the outer end ground connection of resistance R 2, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1c and resistance R 1, wire between the resistance R 2 connects, the inverting input of operational amplifier U1c and output all are connected inverting input with the inverting input of operational amplifier U1a and are connected with operational amplifier U1d, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1a is connected with the output of self by resistance R 3, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1a is connected with the output of operational amplifier U1d and the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1b by resistance R 5, the output of operational amplifier U1a is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier U1d by resistance R 4, the inverting input of operational amplifier U1d and output are parallel with capacitor C 1, the output of operational amplifier U1b is connected with field effect transistor IRF521, the minus earth of described LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit, the positive pole of LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit is connected with resistance R 7 in turn by power connection, adjustable resistance VR1, resistance R 6 and power connection, the adjustable side of adjustable resistance VR1 is connected with the inverting input of operational amplifier U1b, the grid of field effect transistor IRF521 is connected with the output of operational amplifier U1b, the source ground of field effect transistor IRF521, the drain electrode of field effect transistor IRF521 is connected with capacitor C 3 and power supply in turn, the two ends of capacitor C 3 are parallel with diode D1, LED 1 and direct current machine interface, diode D1, be in series with resistance R 8 between the LED 1.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, U1a, U1b, U1c and U1d are four operational amplifiers of LM324,3,2,1 is respectively in-phase input end, inverting input, the output of operational amplifier U1a, 5,6,7 in-phase input end, inverting input, the outputs that are respectively operational amplifier U1b, 10,9,8 in-phase input end, inverting input, the outputs that are respectively operational amplifier U1c, 12,13,14 in-phase input end, inverting input, the outputs that are respectively operational amplifier U1d, 4,11 is respectively the positive and negative power end of LM324.G, S, D are respectively grid, source electrode, the drain electrodes of field effect transistor IRF521.The in-phase input end 10 of operational amplifier U1c links to each other with the positive pole of 12V power supply, the inverting input 2 of inverting input 9 and output 8 and operational amplifier U1a and the in-phase input end 12 of operational amplifier U1d are connected, the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1a links to each other with the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1b, the output of operational amplifier U1a links to each other with the inverting input of operational amplifier U1d, the output of operational amplifier U1d links to each other with the in-phase input end of operational amplifier U1b, the inverting input of operational amplifier U1b links to each other with a variable resistor VR1, the output of operational amplifier U1b links to each other with the grid G of field effect transistor IRF521, the positive pole of load motor is connected positive pole and is connected with the 12V power supply, the negative pole of motor is connected drain electrode and is connected the source ground of field effect transistor IRF521 with field effect transistor IRF521.
Whole device shares the power supply of 12V, and resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 are division module; The integrated four high guaily unit LM324 of universal low-power consumption includes four independently high-gain, frequency compensated operational amplifier U1a, U1b, U1c, U1d, and wherein operational amplifier U1c, U1a, U1d form dihedral ripple generation module; Operational amplifier U1b and resistance R 6, R7, adjustable resistance VR1 and field effect transistor IRF521 form the speed adjustment module; R775 DC motor, capacitor C 3 and diode D1 are load blocks; Resistance R 8 and LED 1 are display module.The division module that resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 form makes operational amplifier U1c obtain 6V voltage by dividing potential drop, and then U1c does uncontrollable power supply use, is connected respectively to the inverting input of operational amplifier U1a and the in the same way input of operational amplifier U1d.Operational amplifier U1c, U1a, U1d form dihedral ripple generation module, and operational amplifier U1a and operational amplifier U1d form a function signal generator, at the output vibration generation triangular wave of operational amplifier U1d.Operational amplifier U1b and resistance R 6, R7, adjustable resistance VR1 and field effect transistor IRF521 form the speed adjustment module, the operational amplifier U1b device of making comparisons.Provide a reference voltage at integrated operational amplifier 6 ends, can change by regulating the variable resistor reference voltage.Integrated operational amplifier 5 ends inputs be the dihedral wave voltage, when the virtual voltage of integrated operational amplifier 5 ends input during greater than reference voltage, output positive level, when the virtual voltage of integrated operational amplifier 5 ends input output negative level during less than reference voltage.Field effect transistor IRF521 is connected in the DC Motor Load loop as electronic switch, and field effect transistor is connected motor and rotated motor circuit disconnection when comparator U1b output negative level when comparator U1b output positive level.Resistance R 8 and LED 1 are display module, the working condition of display circuit.
Based on dihedral ripple speed control principle: be the rotating speed of controlling motor by changing motor armature voltage turn-on time and the ratio (being duty ratio) in energising cycle.
Operational amplifier U1b its 6 termination reference voltage of device of making comparisons, its 5 termination dihedral wave voltage.Take the size of dihedral wave voltage and reference voltage as reference, when dihedral wave voltage output high level during greater than reference voltage, when dihedral wave voltage output low level during less than reference voltage, thereby can obtain a series of pulse signals.Under impulse action, switch on and off power supply by a fixing frequency, just can control in real time the running speed of motor.Speed increases when motor is switched on; Speed reduces during electric motor circuit breaking.If when motor directly connects power supply (duty ratio is 100%), motor speed is Vm, establishing duty ratio is D=t/T, and then the average speed of motor is
Ve =Vm×D (1)
In the formula: Ve---average speed;
Vm---at full speed (speed when being direct-electrifying);
D=t/T---duty ratio (0-100%).
By formula (1) as seen, the speed when Vm is the DC motor direct-electrifying (at full speed), only the characteristic with motor itself is relevant, motor one timing, Vm is a definite value.Change duty ratio D=t/T, just can obtain different average speed, thereby just can control in real time the rotating speed of motor.Thereby change the rotating speed that reference voltage namely can change duty ratio regulating electric machine by adjustable resistance.
The present invention includes control module, control module is connected with division module, load blocks and display module, control module comprises dihedral ripple generation unit and the speed adjustment unit that matches with dihedral ripple generation unit; Have advantages of that devices simple in structure, cheap, that need are few, efficient is high, low in energy consumption; Take the size of dihedral wave voltage and reference voltage as reference, when the dihedral wave voltage greater than reference voltage time output high level, when dihedral wave voltage output low level during less than reference voltage, thereby can obtain a series of pulse signals, rotating speed by pulse signal control motor, the circuit stable and reliable operation, the electromotor velocity governing response is fast, can satisfy the requirement of practical engineering application.Control module adopts LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit and two fixed value resistances that are connected with LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit and adjustable resistance and field effect transistor, LM324 four high guaily unit integrated circuit has the supply voltage wide ranges, the advantages such as quiescent dissipation is little, and is cheap; In addition, the device of wanting required for the present invention is few, is convenient to implement and promote, and the cost of the maintenance in later stage is also lower.