CN1034639A - 模铸外壳断路器的固态跳闸装置 - Google Patents

模铸外壳断路器的固态跳闸装置 Download PDF

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CN1034639A
CN1034639A CN88105639A CN88105639A CN1034639A CN 1034639 A CN1034639 A CN 1034639A CN 88105639 A CN88105639 A CN 88105639A CN 88105639 A CN88105639 A CN 88105639A CN 1034639 A CN1034639 A CN 1034639A
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circuit breaker
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fault
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CN1018878B (zh
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尼伯丁-彼尔
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Schneider Electric SE
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Merlin Gerin SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015Using arc detectors
    • H02H1/0023Using arc detectors sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/093Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means
    • H02H3/0935Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means the timing being determined by numerical means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2418Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism
    • H01H2071/2427Electromagnetic mechanisms combined with an electrodynamic current limiting mechanism with blow-off movement tripping mechanism, e.g. electrodynamic effect on contacts trips the traditional trip device before it can unlatch the spring mechanism by itself

Abstract

一个固态跳闸装置包含有一个瞬时跳闸装置,该 瞬时跳闸装置由位于断路器10的主触点17R、17S、 17T邻近处的电弧检测器46R、46S、46T所形成。由 电弧检测器46R、46S、46T发出的光信号通过光纤 48而传输给光敏电子器件,光敏电子器件发射一个 电弧信号。该电弧信号仅当存在有故障信号时才引 起断路器跳闸。

Description

本发明涉及一种模铸外壳断路器的固态跳闸装置,该断路器具有每极一对触点,在断路器闭合位置时触点被弹性地推至接触,並在故障时通过自动操作机构的动作而分开,固态跳闸装置包含:故障信号传感器,该故障信号是断路器所保护的导体中所流电流的一个函数;还包含一个处理单元,在予置门限被超过时,所述故障信号被施加到处理单元而产生一个断路器的跳闸指令,所述的指令根据故障信号的数值而被延时。
断路器的触点必须清楚地断开,以避免任何接触排斥的中间位置,然而对于应被灭弧的触点间的拉弧来说就没有充分断开。部分地断开的触点间持续的燃弧会引起断路器过热和损坏。当电流超过予置排斥门限时,由于电动力作用便会产生触点排斥,该门限值取决于断路器中电流的波形和电极的安装特点。
要肯定的是一个断路器不保持在一个中间的接触排斥位置,故障跳闸门限一般被调定在一个低于排斥门限的数值上。要获得完全确定的排斥和跳闸门限的断路器是困难的、並且也是昂贵的。为了弥补这些方面的不精确性,经常选用一个低于排斥门限20%~50%的跳闸门限,不过这就会引起选择性方面可观的损失。
本发明的目的是要得到一个其跳闸门限和排斥门限相同的跳闸装置。
本发明另一个目的是要得到一个在断路器达到故障时能提供瞬时跳闸的跳闸装置。
按照本发明的跳闸装置,其特征在于,一种电弧检测器与每一对触点相关连,用以检测触点分离时拉弧而发出的光,在故障信号超过所述予置门限的同时,若所述的电弧检测器所发送的电弧信号亦正被施加于处理单元,则导致瞬时跳闸。
任何触点的分离,主要由电动排斥力造成,产生火花或电弧从而发出光亮,而光则易被光学传感器例如光电元件检测到,该光电元件适于布置在远离电弧区並用光导体例如光纤与光电元件连接起来。按照本发明,由于把弧光传感器或检测器布置在模铸外壳的内部,因而由外部光产生的干扰就用了一种特别简单的方法加以避免。使断路器的瞬时跳闸的进行发生在电弧信号和故障信号同时存在的情况下,可以防止当断路器执行正常接通和断开操作时,由于触点间拉弧而产生误跳闸。不难理解电弧检测和故障电流检测都不要求很高精度,因为由电弧发出的光是很强的,而一个能引起触点排斥的电流与断路器额定电流之间的差也是非常之大。按照电流的波形或电极的特点,在断路器的某单对触点上可能出现电动排斥,因而重要的是应通过把每一对断路器触点与一个电弧检测器相关连,从而检测出这种排斥。在采用一根光纤的情况下,可通过靠近各对触点的各弧室移动该光纤的方法,使断路器的任何一个电极所发出的光可以被收集起来,但下述方法也是可行的,即将检测器装在模铸外壳的某个位置,使任何一对触点所发出的光能通过设置在模铸外壳内部间壁上的诸小孔而被检测到。每一对触点可以和一根光纤相关连而把光传输到处理单元中。
用光检测接触排斥,可以防止触点在由于电动排斥作用而分断之前发生跳闸,相反地一旦任何一对断路器的触点发生排斥时,断路器就保证瞬时切断。接触排斥的跳闸装置有利地与下述常规的保护相联结或相补充而工作,即:在过负荷或故障幅值低于断路器排斥门限时, 执行通常的长延时和短延时保护的跳闸。
按照本发明的固态跳闸装置包含一个模拟和/或数字处理电路,接触排斥的瞬时跳闸电路适于采用模拟电路,以便得到一个非常短的响应时间。瞬时跳闸服务于电弧信号和故障信号同时存在的情况,这能借助于适当的方法完成,主要是采用与门(AMD)电路,在它的输入端接收电弧和故障两个信号。
按照本发明的固态跳闸装置也可对断路器在故障下接通时提供瞬时保护。在这一情况下,重要的是要获得断路器的立即断路,而並不依靠短延时或长延时的跳闸电路,后者电路所提供的时延是为了与跳闸的选择性相兼容的。故障下接通会在触点上自动产生一个上升的电弧,它可由电弧检测器检测到;同时产生一个上升的过电流,它由故障信号所标志,从而引起断路器断路。按照本发明的装置可方便地取代延时的接触,而延时接触会在一定时间后妨碍瞬时跳闸装置的作用。
其他优点和特点将从下面本发明所示的实施例的说明中得以更清楚地体现,所给出的仅作为一个不受限制的实例並体现在附图中,在附图中的简单的图形代表按照本发明的跳闸装置的方块图。
图中,是一个具有三个导体R、S、T的电力配电系统,供给着一个负载(未示出),该系统中包含一个断路器10,在其断路位置它能遮断电路。断路器10的机构12是被一个极化继电器控制的,在发生过负荷或短路情况下继电器14控制断路器跳闸。与断路器10的主触点17R、17S、17T相连的一个辅助触点16指示出这些主触点17R、17S、17T的位置。每个导体R、S、T已连有电流互感器,该电流互感器发送与所连导体中流动的电流成正比的信号,而该信号被加于全波整流桥20。3个整流桥20的输出 端串联于含有一个电阻22、一个齐纳二极管24和一个二极管26的电路中以便在电阻22端部产生电压信号,该信号则与导体R、S、T中流动的电流最大值成正比,並在二极管24端部产生一个供给电子电路的电压。上述电压信号被施加于放大器的输入端,放大器的输出端联结于模-数转换器30。模一数转换器30的输出端被连接于微处理机32的输入端1。微处理机还包括一个连续于极化继电器14的输出端2;一个接收从时钟34来的信号的输入端3;一个输入端4,连于带有键44的键板36;一个输入端6,连接于只读存储器ROM38;一个输入一输出端5,连于随机存取存储器NOVRAM40;一个输出端子,连于显示装置42;和一个端入端8,连接于辅助接点16。
按照图1的跳闸装置执行保护功能,主要是在导体R、S、T线路中发生过载或故障时分别执行长延时跳闸和/或短延时跳闸。代表着导体R、S、T中电流最大值的数字信号被施加于微处理机32输入端1並与储存于存储器中的门限作比较以检测对这些门限的任何超量並产生一个延时或瞬时的跳闸指令,该指令被传输到继电器14,致使断路器10开断。该跳闸装置自然还可能执行其他功能,主要如接地保护。所述的这种跳闸装置是本技术领域的专业人员所熟知的,并且在1987.8.7.申请的,专利号为87105402的中国专利申请中说明过,仅此作为例子,应优先予以查阅。
本发明可适用于任何固态跳闸装置而不限于上述类型的跳闸装置。列举一个本发明不受限制的例子:电流检测装置可以包括提供表示电流微分 (di)/(dt) 的模拟信号的电流传感器,並且传感器的输出端连接到积分电路上,从积分电路输出端来的信号经由模一数转换器被传送到微处 理机。固态跳闸装置也可以是模拟型的。按照本发明,断路器10包含一个模铸外壳型封闭外壳,三极断路器的主触点17R、17S、17T被安装在它里面,这三个极R、S、T被用间壁划分的模铸壳体的内部隔间所分开,並且每个电极都与位于主触点17R、17S、17T邻近处的电弧检测器46R、46S、46T相关连。由电弧检测器46R、46S、46T收集到的光通过光纤48传送到一个光电元件50,该光电元件发出一个与收集光成正比的电信号,该电信号被加到与门电路52的一个输入端。与门电路52的另一控制极连于门限电路54而电路54则连于放大器28的输出端。与门电路52的输出端经由二极管连于极化继电器14。二极管58插入並连接在微处理机32的输出端2和极化继电器14之间以避免在施加于极化继电器14的任何跳闸信号之间产生干扰,即分别是由微处理机32和瞬时电弧排斥跳闸电路之跳闸信号之间产生干扰。
按照本发明的固态跳闸装置按如下所述工作:当发生过载或故障时,微处理机使断路按常规方式和以可能的时间延迟跳闸。触点17R、17S、17T的分断引起光的发射,该光被电弧检测器检测到並由光纤传输到光电元件50,光电元件50施加一个信号到与门电路52。该与门的另一个输入端接受故障信号,该与门电路52即发送一个冗余的跳闸指令到极化继电器14,而后者此前就已经引起断路器10跳闸了。这一增添的指令却决不会干扰跳闸装置的工作。
在高强度的短路电流大于触点17R、17S、17T的或这些触点中任一个排斥门限时,触点的分断就会依据由传感器46R、46S、46T检测的电弧信号方式进行。电弧信号施加到与门电路52,而与此同时,与门电路52接受了由放大器28和门限电路 54传来的故障信号,从而产生一个跳闸指令传输到极化继电器14。这一跳闸瞬时地发生,並使断路器10的触点立即打开以避免肯定会对断路器10引起过热和损害的任何中间态的触点位置。位于模铸外壳里的检测器46R、46S、46T被遮蔽了外部光,因而它们挥幸鹞筇⒌奈O铡5堑倍下菲?0执行正常接通或断开操作时(主要是手动控制),检测器无疑可检测出发生在主触点17R、17S、17T上的火花或电弧,但电弧信号被与门52所封锁,由于在与门的另一输入端决未接收到故障信号。任何断路器10的误跳闸或重复开断就这样避免了,而瞬时跳闸则仅当主触点17R、17S、17T发生排斥时才会产生。按照本发明,短延时和长延时跳闸门限可以选择得接近于接触排斥门限,则任何手工操作的差错均可被电弧检测器所排除。
扼制电弧信号的瞬时跳闸当然也可以通过不同的方法来实现,主要是通过将电弧检测器独立于控制短延时和长延时跳闸的传感器的方法来实现。光导体可以是塑性材料做成的光纤,该光纤接近于主触点17R、17S、17T的末端有一段是裸露的,用来拾取弧光,光纤裸露的末端构成电弧检测器。当然可用三根独立的光纤,每一根与一对触点相关连,这三根光纤控制着光敏电子器件50,例如,它们可以是光电二极管或光电三极管。构成电弧检测器的光纤48末端最好安装在免遭电弧污染的地方,或该末端被这样安置:当每一次断路器工作时,可以用任何适用的方法加以清理,例如,用机械的方法作清理。
按照本发明的瞬时的电弧检测跳闸装置自然也可以用不同类型的标准跳闸装置,主要是模拟型的。
按照本发明的跳闸装置,当断路器在故障下接通时,也可以按下述方法提供瞬时保护:
当断路器10在故障条件下接通时,在主触点17R、17S、17T上便产生电弧,该电弧通过检测器46R、46S、46T被检测到,检测器发生的电弧信号施加到与门52上。而当故障条件下的接通一发生,电路54即可检测到故障电流,它也向与门发送一个故障信号,其结果是,引起断路器10瞬时跳闸。在正常运行条件下,检测器46R、46S、46T决不会发出任何信号,而仅有长延时和短延时跳闸装置提供保护作用。
本发明当然並不限于上述特殊说明的实施例。

Claims (6)

1、一个模铸外壳断路器的固态跳闸装置,该断路器具有每极一对触点(17R、17S、17T),在断路器闭合位置时触点被弹性地推至接触,並在故障时通过自动操作机构的动作而分开,固态跳闸装置包含有,故障信号传感器(18),该故障信号是断路器所保护的导体中所流电流的函数;和一个处理单元(20~32、50~54),在予置门限被超过时,所述故障信号被施加到处理单元而产生一个断路器的跳闸指令,所述的指令根据故障信号的数值而被延时,本发明的特征在于:一个电弧检测器(46R、46S、46T)与每一对触点(17R、17S、17T)相关联以检测触点分离时由于拉弧所发射的光,由所述电弧检测器(46R、46S、46T)所发出的电弧信号被施加于所述处理单元(20~32、50~54),与此同时在故障信号超过所述予置门限时产生瞬时跳闸。
2、按照权利要求1的固态跳闸装置,其特征在于所述处理单元(20~32),除执行所述的瞬时跳闸以外,还执行长延时和短延时跳闸功能。
3、按照权利要求1或2的固态跳闸装置,其特征在于处理单元(50~54)包含一个与门电路(52),故障跳闸指令和电弧跳闸指令被分别地施加于其输入端。
4、按照上述任何一个权利要求的固态跳闸装置,其特征在于所述电弧检测器(46R、46S、46T)是由光纤(48)的裸露的末端所形成的,通过光纤将断路器电弧区的弧光传输到处理单元中。
5、按照上述任一个权利要求的固态跳闸装置,其特征在于所述的处理单元包含一个光敏电子器件(50),它通过一个或多个光导体(48),连于断路器的电弧区。
6、按照上述任一个权利要求的固态跳闸装置,其特征在于瞬时跳闸处理单元(50~54)是一个模拟电路。
CN88105639A 1987-10-09 1988-10-05 模铸外壳断路器的固态跳闸装置 Expired CN1018878B (zh)

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ZA (1) ZA887426B (zh)

Cited By (3)

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CN102403691A (zh) * 2010-09-08 2012-04-04 通用电气公司 用于使用光和时间鉴别来检测电弧闪光事件的方法、系统、和设备
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ES2032039T3 (es) 1993-01-01
FR2621748A1 (fr) 1989-04-14
JP2705952B2 (ja) 1998-01-28
ZA887426B (en) 1989-06-28
CN1018878B (zh) 1992-10-28
JPH01126129A (ja) 1989-05-18
DE3870397D1 (de) 1992-05-27
FR2621748B1 (fr) 1996-07-05
EP0313422A1 (fr) 1989-04-26
CA1310100C (en) 1992-11-10
SG134592G (en) 1993-03-12
EP0313422B1 (fr) 1992-04-22
US4878144A (en) 1989-10-31

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