CN1037270A - 薄而柔软的卫生巾 - Google Patents
薄而柔软的卫生巾 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1037270A CN1037270A CN89103118A CN89103118A CN1037270A CN 1037270 A CN1037270 A CN 1037270A CN 89103118 A CN89103118 A CN 89103118A CN 89103118 A CN89103118 A CN 89103118A CN 1037270 A CN1037270 A CN 1037270A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sanitary towel
- layer
- top layer
- absorbent cores
- grams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
本发明提供了一个具有身体表面和一个服装表
面的卫生巾,这个卫生巾有一个叠放在液体阻挡件上
面的吸收件。该卫生巾是高度柔软并具有足够大的
容量去处理大量的月经流介质。在一个推荐的实施
例中,卫生巾从身体表面向下包括:一个多孔的成型
薄膜顶层、一个多孔的非纺织擦获层、一个湿铺棉纸、
一个超吸收芯和一个阻挡层。吸收物的中心宽度最
好至少约6.5厘米。卫生巾作为整体的厚度最好小
于2.6cm。
Description
本发明涉及妇女用的卫生巾,特别是涉及一种通过一个促进卫生巾与戴用者的解剖学配合不断自适应的结构,从而获得更好吻合和舒适的薄而柔软的卫生巾。
为吸收体液、如月经、尿和粪便而设计的所有方法和各种吸收物品当然都是众所周知的。对于妇女保健用品,已经形成了两种基本的类型:卫生巾被发展用于阴部区域的外部戴用;而阴道栓被发展用于阴道腔内部使用,以阻止月经从中流出。1983年11月1日Weigner等人的题为“阴道栓施用器”的美国专利4,412,833和1983年11月8日Jacobs的题为“具有无菌放入器具的阴道栓组件”的美国专利4,413,986都公开这样的阴道栓器具。
还已提出了试图将卫生巾和阴道栓的结构特征融合于独单一个器具的混合型器具。1937年9月7日Arone的题为“月经垫”的美国专利2,092,346和1975年9月16日Deukinger的题为“妇女卫生保护罩”都公开了这样的混合型器具。其它较少侵入的混合型器具被称为唇或唇间卫生巾,它们的特征是具有至少部分地放在使用者阴道内的部分和至少部分地放在使用者阴道外的部分。1953年12月15日Jacks的题为“卫生垫”的美国专利2,662,527和1986年12月23日Lassen等人的题为“阴唇卫生巾”的美国专利4,631,062都公开了这样一些器具。
关于卫生巾,至少有两大类是与本发明有关系的。一类是用于吸收大量的月经流介质。这些卫生巾具有相当高的吸收能力。吸收能力通常是依靠具有相当厚和疏松的吸收材料(一般为绒毛纸浆)的卫生巾实现的。1966年12月27日Morse的题为“卫生巾”的美国专利3,294,091,1987年3月31日Luceri的题为“具有光滑边缘的造型卫生巾”的4,654,040号美国专利和1987年8月18日Van Tilburg的题为“带襟片的卫生巾”的美国专利4,687,478都公开了这类卫生巾。这样一些卫生巾从理论上讲具有高的吸收能力,但是当卫生巾在使用时受到使用者大腿和阴部区的压缩力时,绒毛纸浆芯会被压实或聚束成任意形状、通常是绳形。这种卫生巾在使用时通常会从其原始位置发生移位,以致于仅在戴上后一个短时间后,无论由于什么原因,它都可能只是部分地处于戴用者的阴道口或阴道前庭下。因此在实际使用中,这类卫生巾有时只提供极少的吸收作用。而且,这些卫生巾的侧滚和扭转会弄脏戴用者的内裤和皮肤表面。此外,这些卫生巾庞大的体积引起高度的戴用意识,并在穿紧身宽松裤、连体服或泳装时,使它们十分显露。
第二类卫生巾是用于少量的月经流,通常被称为内裤衬或内裤护罩。Anderson和Brandt1987年7月21日的题为“有通风区的内裤衬”的美国专利4,681,578公开了这类卫生巾。这类卫生巾,以整个类来讲,多少要比第一类更薄、更柔软,所以一般也更舒适。但是这些卫生巾缺乏第一类卫生巾的吸收能力。
因此,存在着这样一个用户的实际的需要:要求卫生巾薄而柔软,由此提供更好的吻合和舒适感;同时对大量的月经流介质具有足够的流体容纳力,从而克服使用者对漏出和污染的恐惧。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种薄而柔软,并具有足够的吸收能力去吸收和容纳大量月经流的卫生巾。
本发明一个附加的目的是提供一种与女性各种泌尿生殖区和臀部解剖学形状紧密一致的卫生巾。
本发明一个附加目的是提供一种薄而柔软的卫生巾,该卫生巾有横向延伸的、形状适合于盖住戴用者内裤裤档二侧边的襟片,因而使襟片被放置在戴用者内裤裤档的边沿和大腿之间。
本发明的一个附加目的是提供一种在其面对服装的表面上具有连接装置的侧向延伸的襟片,使它们可以绕戴用者内裤裤档的二侧边沿包起来、并连接到戴用者内裤面对服装的一侧,以防止弄脏和保持卫生巾适当定位于戴用者的内裤上。
本发明的这些和其它一些目的在参考下列说明和附图后将成为更加明显。
本发明提供的卫生巾具有一个身体表面和一个服装表面,并包括一个放在流体阻挡件上面的吸收装置。这种卫生巾相对来说是高度柔软和具有足够的容量去容纳大量月经流介质。在一个优选的实施例中,自身体表面向下,这种卫生巾包括一个多孔的成型薄膜顶层,一个多孔的非纺织的擦获层,一个湿铺棉纸,一个超吸收芯和一个阻挡层。吸收层的中心宽度最好是约7.0厘米,卫生巾作为一个整体的厚度至少大约2.5毫米。在一个推荐的实施例中,卫生巾具有二个侧向延伸的襟片,用于盖住戴用者内裤裤档的边沿,并可连接到戴用者内裤的服装侧上。
图1是本发明卫生巾的一个推荐实施例的俯视图,图中部分被撕去以显示下层的结构。
图2是图1所示的卫生巾实施例沿图1中线2-2所作的横截面图。
图3是推荐的顶层和擦获叠层的俯视图,图中部分顶层被撕去以显示下层的结构。
图4是本发明卫生巾另一个推荐实施例的俯视图,图中顶层被撕去一部分以显示下层的结构。
图5是本发明卫生巾的另一个推荐实施例的俯视图。图中,一些部分被撕去以显示下层结构。
本发明涉及一种妇女卫生巾,特别是涉及薄而柔软,且提供高度吻合、舒适和高容量的卫生巾。
术语“卫生巾”用在这里是指妇女戴用于阴部附近、用于吸收和容纳各种身体的排出液(如血、月经和尿)并在一次使用后丢弃(即不打算进行洗涤、或用别的方法复原或再使用)的物品。部分放在使用者阴道内、部分放在阴道外的唇间器具也在本发明的范围之中。这里所用的术语“阴部”是指从外部可见的女性生殖器,并限于大、小阴唇、阴蒂和外阴道。
图1和图2显示了本发明卫生巾10的一个推荐实施例。如图1和图2所示,推荐的卫生巾10主要包括一个吸收部件13和一个不透流体的阻挡部件16。吸收部件13可以是通常可压缩、形态顺从的、对使用者皮肤无刺激的、并可吸收和包容身体排出液(如月经、血和尿)的任何一种材料。吸收部件13使用中最好能保持湿后的完整性。吸收部件13有一个第一主表面19和一个第二主表面22。阻挡部件16紧靠着吸收部件13的第二主表面22。阻挡部件16可以是任何柔软的不透液体的材料,用于阻止由吸收部件13吸收和包容的身体排出液弄湿接触卫生巾10的物品(如内裤)。
在图1和图2显示的推荐实施例中,吸收部件13包括一个可透液体的顶层25,一个可透液体的擦获层28,一个湿铺棉纸层31和吸收芯34。在图1和2所示的推荐实施例中,阻挡部件16是一个阻挡层。吸收芯34包括有放在两层气铺棉纸层40和43之间的水凝胶形成材料37。卫生巾10有侧向边沿11和端边沿12,它们一起形成了卫生巾10的周边15。卫生巾10有一个通常由顶层25形成的身体表面26;和一个通常由阻挡层16形成的服装表面17。
更仔细地来观察卫生巾10的某些组成部分,吸收芯34可以是通常可压缩的、形态顺从的、对使用者皮肤无刺激的、并可吸收和包容身体排出液的任何一种材料。吸收芯34具有一个第一主表面46,一个第二主表面49,一对端边沿52和一对侧边沿55。吸收芯34可被做成各种各样的尺寸和形状(如长方形、沙漏形等)。吸收芯34一个推荐的形状是图1所示的狗骨形。这一推荐的吸收芯大约22.0厘米长(沿纵轴中心线58的纵向尺寸),中心部分宽度约7.0厘米(沿横向中心线61的横向尺寸)和8.0厘米的最宽部分的宽度(横向尺寸)。吸收芯34具有对称的结构形状,以便于制造,并使得戴用者不必有意识地在它戴用的方向上去努力适当安放好卫生巾。中间部分的结构形状基本上与使用者的二条大腿及戴用者内裤较窄的裤档部分相一致,从而防止其过分的聚束。吸收芯34的尺寸可以变化以适合戴用者的尺寸范围和预期的排出流体量。吸收芯34的第一或第二主表面46和49可以分别连在相邻的部件上、如连在顶层25和阻挡层16上。连接方法可用该技术领域中公知的方法,如喷胶粘结、线或点粘接等。这样的连接有利于该吸收材料在使用中的完整性和可恢复性以保持最佳的吸收度。吸收芯34最好在横向具有一个至少约每厘米100.0克的湿拉伸强度。湿拉伸强度可用ASTM标准D829-49来测定。
吸收芯34可以由通常用于一次性卫生巾、尿布和其它吸收物品中的各种流体吸收材料制成。合适的吸收材料的例子有:通常被称为含气毡的细木纸浆、皱纹纤维填料、吸收性泡沫、吸收性海绵、人造毛棉、聚合纤维、形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂或任何相当的材料或这些材料的组合。最好的吸收材料是聚合凝胶剂、聚合凝胶剂是那些一接触流体(即液体)如水或体液,即吸收液体形成水凝胶的材料。用这种方法,进入吸收芯34的液体即被聚合凝胶剂捕获和保持,从而使该物品具有高度的吸收能力和/或改善的液体保留性能。
吸收芯34中的聚合凝胶剂一般将包括一些基本不溶于水,轻微交链的和部分中和化的形成水凝胶的聚合材料颗粒。这种聚合材料可由可聚合的、不饱和的含酸单体制取。在本发明中用于制造聚合凝胶剂的最适合的不饱和酸性单体是Brandt,Goldman和Inglin1987年3月31日的题为“吸收结构中使用的形成水凝胶的聚合化合物”的美国专利4,654,039中列出的那些材料。该专利通过引用被结合到本申请中。最好的单体包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸。丙烯酸本身特别适合于制造这种聚合凝胶剂材料。
在形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂中,由不饱和的含酸单体形成的聚合成分可以接枝到如淀粉或纤维素这样的其它类型的聚合物分子部分上。聚丙烯酸酯接枝的淀粉材料特别适合用于此。
推荐的可由常规类型单体制备的聚合凝胶剂包括:水解的丙烯腈接枝的淀粉,聚丙烯酸酯接枝的淀粉、聚丙烯酸酯、顺式丁烯二酐为基础的共聚物以及它们的组合。特别推荐的是聚丙烯酸酯和聚丙烯酸酯接枝的淀粉。
不论这里的吸收芯34所使用的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂的基本聚合成分的性质如何,一般,这种材料会有轻微的交链。交链使得用于本发明中的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂基本不溶于水,这种部分交链决定了凝胶的容积和由所使用的聚合凝胶剂形成的水凝胶可提取的聚合物特性。适当的交链剂是该技术中众所周知的,并且包括例如Masuda等人1978年2月28日的美国专利4,076,663中具体描述的那些交链剂,该专利通过引用被结合到本申请中。推荐的交链剂是具有多元醇的不饱和的单或多羟基酸的双酯或多酯,二丙烯酰胺和双或三烯丙基胺,N,N'-亚甲双丙烯酰胺,三羟甲基丙三丙烯酸酯和三烯丙基胺是特别推荐的交链剂。这种交链剂包括得到的形成水凝胶的聚合材料的约0.001摩尔百分比至5.0摩尔百分比。这种交链剂最好是用在这里的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂的约0.01摩尔百分比至3.0摩尔百分比。
用在本发明物品中的轻微交链的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂通常是以其部分中和化的形式被使用。对于本发明的目的来说,当至少有25.0摩尔百分比、最好是50.0摩尔百分比的用于形成聚合物的单体是已用成盐阳离子中和化的含酸基团单体时,就认为这种材料是部分中和化的。适当的成盐阳离子包括碱金属、铵、取代的铵和胺。这些被利用的中和化的含酸基团的全部单体的百分比在此被称为“中和度”。
用于这里的吸收物品中的聚合凝胶材料必须有相对高的吸收它遇到的液体的吸收容量。这些材料的吸收容量可由选用于本发明中的聚合凝胶剂的“凝胶容积”来定量表示。
对本发明的目的来说,凝胶容积可由任一给定的聚合凝胶剂所吸收的人造尿量来定义,并由每克聚合凝胶剂的人造尿的克数确定。以人造尿表示的凝胶容积可以通过形成一个有约0.1-0.2份待试验的干燥聚合凝胶剂和20份人造尿的悬浊液来测定。置该悬浊液于室温下,轻轻搅动足以达到膨胀平衡的时间(如一小时)。以每克聚合凝胶剂中人造尿的克数表示的聚合凝胶剂的凝胶容积就可以由聚合凝胶剂在悬浊液中占的重量部分以及除去形成的水凝胶后的液体容积与悬浊液总容积之比算出。
用于这里的吸收芯34中的凝胶剂的凝胶容积一般是至少约每克聚合凝胶剂20.0克的人造尿。材料的凝胶容积较好为约20.0至约60.0克,最好是每克聚合凝胶剂约22.0至约35.0克人造尿。
在形成吸收芯34那些层的纤维网中的聚合凝胶剂颗粒应该完全地分散在其中,但可以是均匀或不均匀地分布。尤其是这些芯层可以有一些凝胶剂颗粒含量高于这些层的其它区或段的区或段。
在一个推荐的实施例中,本发明卫生巾10上的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂至少分布于卫生巾的约17.0厘米2的面积上,50.0厘米2更好,最好是100.0厘米2。推荐的形成水旱哪杭烈栽?.001克/厘米2至0.009克/厘米2的量分布,0.003克/厘米2至约0.008克/厘米2更好,最好是约0.004克/厘米2至约0.007克/厘米2。吸收芯34推荐含有约5.0%到约85%重量的形成水凝胶的凝胶剂,约10.0%至约70.0%更好,最好是约15.0%至约55.0%。
在图2所示的推荐实施例中,吸收芯34是一个叠层结构,它包括一层放在两层气铺棉纸40和43之间的超吸收聚合材料37。合适的叠层是从Iowa,Muscatine的颗粒加工公司得到的WATER-LOCK L-535超吸收叠层(WATER-LOCK是颗粒加工公司登记的商标)。Pedersen 1984年8月21日的题为“用于吸收薄层的组合物及其制备方法”的美国专利4,467,012和Lindsay 1981年4月7日的题为“叠层吸收剂的制造方法”的美国专利4,260,443都公开了这种超吸收叠层。这两个专利通过引用被结合到本申请中。在WATER-LOCK L-535上每平方厘米装有0.005克水凝胶聚合物,但是已发现每平方厘米0.001至0.009克都是可以接受的。第一、第二棉纸层40和43包容了超吸收聚合材料37,它们提高了整个吸收芯34上被吸收的排出液的侧向分散,并提供一定的吸收度。在可以成型于纤维层、泡沫或薄膜中的非颗粒性的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂的情况下,非颗粒的凝胶剂可组成吸收芯34的约15%至约100%,较好为约40%至约100%,最好为约60%至100%。这种非颗粒的超吸收剂的基础重量可以是约每平方厘米0.002至约0.028克,较好为约0.003至约0.018克,最好为约0.004至约0.010克。两种合适的、商业上可得到的用于吸收芯34的颗粒吸收材料是日本Osaka,Higashi的Choli有限公司的商品名为Lanseal F的双层丙烯酸纤维材料和Delaware,Wilmingon的Hercules公司的商品名为Aqualon C的羟甲基纤维素纤维材料。
吸收芯34的总吸收容量应与准备用卫生巾承受的设计排出液的量相适应。此外,吸收芯34的吸收容量可以是各种各样的以适合使用者预期排出流体容积量的变化范围。例如,与准备夜间使用的卫生巾相比,准备在白天使用的卫生巾可以具有不同的吸收容量;或者与用于更成熟妇女的卫生巾相比,准备用于少女的卫生巾可以具有不同的吸收容量。
应该注意到,本发明的范围不准备扩展到这样一些卫生巾,它们没有超吸收材料,并且它们有一个只由非纺织材料叠成的中心吸收件、并在后面规定的厚度测试中该非纺织材料的厚度小于0.50毫米。
叠放在吸收芯34上并从吸收芯34的边缘52和55伸出大约3.0毫米的是湿铺棉纸层31。湿铺棉纸层31是透液体的。满意的湿铺棉纸层31的基础重量是大约15.8克/米2,透气能力在约12.8毫米水压的压差下约为每分钟每平方米30.5米3。使用时湿铺棉纸层31在湿后最好能保持完整性。湿铺棉纸层31最好有一个至少大约15.0克/厘米的横向湿拉伸强度。合适的棉纸31及其制造方法在Sanford和Sisson1967年1月31日的题为“在干燥之前在其上加纤维接头图案形成吸收纸的方法及这种纸”的美国专利3,301,746中被公开。该专利通过引用被结合到本申请中。在一个推荐的实施例中,湿铺棉纸31伸出吸收芯34边缘52和55外的部分是与阻挡层16联在一起的。湿铺棉纸层31可由该技术中众所周知的连接方式(如喷胶粘接、线或点粘接)与阻挡层16相连接。湿铺棉纸31起好几个作用。棉纸31起限制棉纸31与阻挡层之间的超吸收材料37松动的作用,从而阻止发生超吸收材料和使用者皮肤的接触。棉纸31也提高了吸收芯34上吸收的排出液的横向分散性,从而使排出液更均匀地分布于整个吸收芯34中。此外,棉纸31具有一定程度的吸收性,并限制已到达吸收芯34并为其吸收的排出液再次弄湿使用者的皮肤。
叠在湿铺棉纸31上的是一个透液体的擦获层28。在一个推荐的实施例中,层28是射流喷网的70%/30%的人造丝/聚酯纤维层。这类射流喷网的非纺织纤维是由Delaware Wilmington的E.I.Dupont Nemours公司生产,使用的商品名为“SONTARA”(SONTARA是E.I.Dupont Nemours公司注册商标)。这些纤维有一些合适的类型,但是,最好是多孔的8407型,基础重量为约0.005克/厘米2、厚度约为0.04毫米。擦获层28伸出湿铺棉纸31边缘之外,在那里也与阻挡层16连接。擦获层28极大地改善了身体排出液在吸收芯34上的横向分散,从而使排出液在整个吸收芯34上更均匀地分布。由于以下原因,擦获层28的横向分散作用是重要的。许多体积大的已有技术卫生巾在排出液最初附着时依赖于高度的垂直吸收作用,换句话说,因为庑┪郎淼奈招鞠嗟焙瘢运强梢栽谡龊穸饶诟叨任张懦鲆海挥盟呛苄〕潭鹊谋砻婷婊蚝嵯蛭漳芰Α5牵痉⒚飨喽越媳〉奈郎?0具有较小程度的垂直吸收作用。因此,对于要吸收比较大量的排出液的情况,一个可以横向分散排出液到吸收芯34的一个大的表面面积上、在那里排出液可以更好、更快地垂直吸收的擦获层是高度令人希望的。而且,该擦获层28在排出液附着到顶层25到被吸收芯34吸收的时间内,提供了相当高的初始吸收。这一性能将在后面详细描述。
叠在擦获层28上的是可透液体的顶层25。在一个推荐的实施例中,用喷胶把顶层25粘接到擦获层28表面上,使它们连接在一起。顶层25是形态顺从的、感觉柔软的和对使用者的皮肤无刺激性的。此外,顶层25是可透液体的,允许液体容易地通过它的厚度传递。合适的顶层25可以由范围很广的材料制造,如聚合材料,成型热塑性薄膜,多孔塑料薄膜,多孔泡沫、网状泡沫、天然纤维(如木或棉花纤维),人造纤维(如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或人造纤维与天然纤维的混合物,最好是多孔成型薄膜。由于成型薄膜可以透过液体而并不吸收液体,所以作为顶层25是很理想的。这样,接触人体的顶层表面保持干燥,从而减少污染人体,并使使用者得到更舒适的感觉。Thompson 1975年12月30日题为“有锥形毛细管的吸收结构”的美国专利3,929,135,Mullane和Smith 1982年4月13日的题为“有抗沾污顶层的一次性吸收物品”的美国专利4,324,246,Radel和Thompson1982年8月3日的题为“呈纤维状特性的弹性塑料网织物”的美国专利4,342,314和Ahr,Louis,Mullane和Ouellete 1984年7月31日的题为“呈非光滑表面和布状感觉的宏观多孔的三维塑料网织物”的美国专利4,463,045都描述了适用的成型薄膜。所有这些专利通过引用被结合到本申请中。
在本发明一个推荐的实施例中,顶层25的身体表面26是亲水性的,亲水性表面26比非亲水性表面更快地帮助液体传递通过顶层25。这减少了月经流出顶层25、而不被吸收芯34吸收的可能。在一个推荐的实施例中,顶层25的身体表面26用表面活化剂处理该表面使其具有亲水性。表面活化剂最好是基本均匀地和完全地分布于顶层25的身体表面26上。这可以由该技术领域的专业人员用公知的任何一种方法去完成。例如,表面活化剂可由喷涂、浸润、或用传送辊加到顶层25上。此外,表面活化剂也可加到成型薄膜顶层的聚合材料中,或加在非纺织顶层的纤维中或纤维之间。
阻挡部件16紧靠在吸收部件13的第二主表面22上。在一个推荐的实施例中,可以将吸收部件13的第二主表面22固定到阻挡层16上。任何一种本技术领域中公知的常用技术(如喷胶粘接、点或线粘接)都可用于此目的。通常阻挡部件16形成了卫生巾10的服装表面17。阻挡部件16可以是任何一种不透液体的材料,阻止被吸收和包容于吸收部件13中的排出液污染与卫生巾10的服装表面17接触的物品(如内裤)。在图1和2所示的本发明的推荐实施例中,阻挡部件16是一个薄的塑料膜制成的阻挡层。也可以使用其它不透液体的柔软材料。最好使用厚度约0.012至约0.051毫米的聚乙烯薄膜作为阻挡层16。术语“柔软”用在这里是指形态顺从而且容易适合人体一般形状和轮廓的材料。
一种合适的聚乙烯薄膜是由Monsanto化学公司制造的、商业中称为8020号的薄膜。阻挡层16最好是压花和/或经无光泽表面处理,使它更像布的样子。此外,在阻止排出液通过阻挡层16的同时,阻挡层16可以允许水汽从吸收部件13中排出。
顶层25和阻挡层16在长和宽的尺寸上最好都大于吸收芯34,以便使它们可以延伸到吸收芯34的边沿52和55以外,在那里它们以适当方式被联合在一起。术语“联合”在这里包括直接将第一件连接到第二件上的结构,也包括将第一件连到一个中间件上,再将该中间件连接到第二件上的结构。顶层25和/或阻挡层16在吸收芯34的芯端边沿52及芯侧边沿55以外的延伸部份分别形成了卫生巾10的端边沿11和侧边沿12。在一个推荐的实施例中,顶层25和阻挡层16是一个椭园形,并且从吸收芯34伸出至少1.0厘米,在这些伸出的地方,它们用本技术领域中公知的连接方法彼此连接。连接方法例如可以是用一层均匀连续的粘合剂层,一定形状的粘合剂层,离散的线或点的粘合剂阵列。
本发明卫生巾10有一个低的抗弯强度。因此,本发明卫生巾10是高度柔软的,且可以很好地符合于妇女泌尿生殖区的各种形状。推荐本发明卫生巾10具有约小于300.0克的抗弯强度,250.0克较好,最好是小于约175.0克,小于约130.0克尤其好。
卫生巾的抗弯性是用最大弯曲刚度来度量的。最大弯曲刚度是仿照ASTM D 4032-82圆弯曲规程(CIRCULAR BEND PROCEDURE)的试验来确定的。这一规程被作较大的修改并如下进行的,圆弯曲规程是材料同时进行多方向变形,其中样品的一个面变凹,而另一面变凸。圆弯曲规程给出了与抗弯强度有关的力的数值,同时对所有方向的刚度取平均值。
设备:
圆弯曲规程需要的设备是一台改进的圆弯曲刚度试验机,它具有如下部分:
一个被抛光的钢板平台,它的尺寸是102.0×102.0×6.35毫米,并有一个直径18.75毫米的小孔,这个小孔的抛光沿边应是45°和4.75毫米深。
一根全长72.2毫米、直径为6.25毫米的冲棒,冲棒有一个2.97毫米半径的球突和一个从其上伸出0.88毫米、底直径0.33毫米的针尖,和一个半径小于0.5毫米的尖。安置该冲棒与小孔同轴,并在所有侧面上都有相等的间隙。注意,针尖仅是为了在试验时防止测试样品的横向移动。因此,如果针尖对试验样品起严重的不利影响(如刺穿可膨胀的结构),则不应使用针尖。冲棒的底应在孔平台顶部的较上方。从这一位置,球突向下冲击达到台孔准确的底部。
一个测力表,具体地说是一个Instron变换压力负荷单元,该单元可承受0.0至约2000.0克的压力。
一个致动器,具体地说是带有一个变换压力负荷单元的Instron 112型。Instron 112型是Massachusetts Canton的Instron工程公司制造的。
样品的数目和制备:
为了进行这一试验规程,如下所述,我们需要五个有代表性的样品卫生巾。从这五个之中的一个卫生巾上切下“Y”个37.5×37.5毫米的样品。样品具有好些部分,其中直接与阻挡层连接的部分或者是顶层、二层或更少的棉纸层及阻挡层组成的叠层不应当被试验。不试验这些样品的理由是由于认识到已有技术卫生巾中已经存在顶层和阻挡层在卫生巾周边超出吸收芯外是彼此连接的,而且卫生巾的这些部分有很高的柔软性。但是本发明更关心卫生巾整体的柔软性,而不仅仅只是其周边部分,因此本发明的柔软性更侧重于卫生巾重要的吸收部分的柔软性。如果卫生巾上任何一个这些重要的吸收部分都满足这一试验的参数,则该卫生巾是满足该试验的。因此,应当试验每个卫生巾的一些不同的试样。当然,除去上述被排除的部分,应试验结构上最柔软的部分。试验员不应当折叠或弯曲试验样品,尽可能少地提取样品,并且只拿样品的边缘,从而避免影响抗弯曲特性。从剩下的四个卫生巾上切下与第一个卫生巾上切下一样的相等的“Y”个37.5×37.5毫米的样品。这样,试验员应当有“Y”个五个相同试样的组。
规程:
圆弯曲规程的过程如下:置样品于21±1℃室温、50±2%相对湿度的室内两小时,使它处于正常状态。将试验台调成水平。冲棒速度设定为每个全冲程长度每分钟50.0厘米。将一个样品放在冲棒下方的有孔平台中央,使得样品的身体表面26面向冲棒;而服装表面17面向平台。如需要的话,检查并调整指示器的零点。驱动冲棒。在试验期间应当避免接触样品,以最接近的克数记录最大的力读数。重复上述步骤,直至做完全部5个相同样品的试验。
计算:
每个样品的最大弯曲刚度是该样品最大力的读数。记住我们切下了“Y”个五个相同样品的组。在每组五个样品被测试后,将得到的五个数值取平均。这样,试验员就得到被试验的“Y”组的每一组的一个平均值。记住,如卫生巾重要的吸收部分中任何一个都达到必需的抗弯曲性,则该卫生巾符合这一试验的参数。因此,一个特别设计的卫生巾的抗弯曲性是这些平均后的最大弯曲刚度的最大值。
像以前提到过的那样,顶层25与擦获层28的组合为卫生巾10提供了某些有利的特性。具体地说,将一个多孔的成型薄膜顶层25叠在多孔非纺织的擦获层28上是有盖的。擦获层28最好是前面描述过的SONTARA8407。图3显示了这种安排的放大图。当非纺织的擦癫?8被成形或安置得使成型薄膜顶层25的一些孔83下面没有层28的纤维束89(即在层25和28上的孔是对齐的),而在成型薄膜顶层25的另一些孔83下面出现非纺织层28的纤维束89(即层25和28上的孔未对齐)时,这样的组合更加有利。图3显然是这样一种布置,其中非纺织层28的孔86大于成型薄膜顶层25的孔83。这种安排至少给卫生巾10带来两个有利的特性:提高了涌流捕获和擦拭捕获。在顶层25的孔83与非纺织的擦获层28的孔86对齐的那些区域,提高了涌流捕获。对齐的那些孔83和86为排出液从顶层25的身体表面流到卫生巾的中间吸收材料提供了一条直接的通道,而且,孔83和86他们也能在排出液被吸收之前,一定程度地将液体容纳在它们的壁内和边界内。擦获是将液体从戴用者皮肤吸收进卫生巾10的吸收材料中的能力。在非纺织的擦获层28的纤维束89被排成使这些纤维束在顶层25孔83的开口下面时,擦拭捕获能力被加强。
如刚才提到过的那样,在顶层25与戴用者皮肤上的排出液接触的区域,擦获是很重要的。在这些区域,卫生巾10多半处于使用者身体的压缩力之下。在这种情况下,顶层25的孔83之下的非纺织的擦获层25的纤维束89受力而多少升到顶层25的孔83上面,从而更靠近戴用者的皮肤。很明显,纤维束89与孔83壁之间的空隙或纤维束89它们自己的纤维之间的空隙要小于孔83壁间的空隙。这些空隙是许多个毛细管。如本技术领域中都知道的那样,当毛细管空隙减小时,毛细作用或抽吸作用将加强。这样,在有纤维束89的那些地方,孔83中的毛细作用增强,所以卫生巾10可以更好地将戴用者皮肤上的排出物吸入这些毛细管中,并最终吸入到卫生巾10的中心吸收材料中。
虽然顶层25所有的孔83都用数字“83”来表示,但是为了以下讲解的目的,我们特指的是图3中标记和指定为“83”的孔。这个特定的标记83的孔是顶层25的孔83与非纺织擦获层28的孔86对齐的一个例子。理论上讲,因为排出液不受阻断地从顶层25的身体表面26流向中心吸收材料(未画出),所以,这样一个孔对涌流捕获是有用的。接着,注意力放到紧邻刚在提到的这个特定孔83右侧的孔83,可以看到,这种孔83是重叠在非纺织的擦获层28的纤维束89上的。从理论上讲,进入这个孔83的排出液将进入纤维束89的毛细管中。排出液然后再被抽进或吸进中心吸收材料,或者被分散到交叉纤维束89中,然后再进一步被分散到别的交叉纤维束89等等,直到排出液被横向更远距离的中心吸收材料部分吸收。因此,能够利用吸收材料总吸收容量的大部分。
如前所述,本发明的卫生巾10具有大到足够吸收大量月经流介质的液体容量。可以测定出两种容量(它们依赖于卫生带的尺寸,可以是相同的):试验容量和总容量。
本发明卫生巾10所具有的试验容量至少为约8.0克,较好的是至少为约15.0克,最好至少为约18.0克。本发明卫生巾10所具有的总容量至少约为20.0克,至少为约30.0克较好,最好为至少约40.0克。
卫生巾的试验容量和总容量可按下述方法确定。从待试验的卫生巾上取下内裤粘胶释放纸。为测定试验容量,要从卫生巾上将使用时对准阴道口正下方的部分切下4.75×14.0厘米部分或具有66.5厘米2的任意构形。用全部卫生巾去掉释放纸来测定总容量。将物品称重至最接近的0.1克,然后将该物品浸入无菌盐水的大烧杯(可从Illinois,Deerfield的Baxter Travenol公司获得),使得该物品全部浸入,并且不能被弯曲或其它任何的扭曲或折叠。物品浸泡10分钟。然后从盐水中取出该物品,并垂直悬挂2分钟排出盐水,然后将该物品的身体表面朝下放在吸墨纸上。吸墨纸可以是Pensylvania Mount Holly Springs的Eaton-Dikeman部门的过滤科学公司的滤纸#631。在被试物上加上均匀的17.6克/厘米2的压力榨出过多的流体,每30秒更换一次吸墨纸,直至在30秒中传输到吸墨纸上的液体小于0.5克为止。接着,称重该物品至最接近的0.1克,并减去其干重。根据情况,这一克数差就是该物品的试验容量或总容量。
本发明卫生巾10的吸收材料的中心吸收宽度63是一个重要的参数。“中心吸收宽度”是指以下参照图5可确定的卫生巾10的一个特定的区域。置点64于卫生巾10戴用时位于阴道口中心下面的位置,面65位于点64向戴用者的耻骨方向3.75厘米处、并平行于横向中心线61,另一个面66平行于横向中心线61、但位于64向戴用者臀部方向5.0厘米处。在面65和66之间卫生巾10吸收材料的最大平坦的、未压缩的、未操作过的横向宽度是卫生巾10的中心吸收宽度。这与吸收材料是单层、叠层、交错层等无关,并与吸收材料是非纺织层、吸收顶层、吸收芯、棉健⒑铣啥滔宋任薰亍@纾痉⒚魑郎?0可以具有一个约7.75厘米宽的擦获层或湿铺棉纸31,和一个具有3.8厘米宽度的吸收芯。因此,在此例中,卫生巾10具有7.75厘米的中心吸收宽度。
卫生巾10最好应当按戴用者内裤的裤档宽度去度量。尤其是卫生巾10的中心吸收宽度63(吸收件13)正好与内裤裤档的两条边对齐最好。对相对更窄的约3.7至约6.4厘米宽的内裤裤档,具有大约3.7至6.4厘米中心吸收宽度63的卫生巾可以很好地工作。
卫生巾10的总宽度是与中心吸收宽度63成比例的,并且应该比中心吸收宽度大大约0.6至约1.0厘米。这是为了将顶层25和阻挡层16的边沿连接在一起所必须的附加余量。通常,为了将顶层25和阻挡层16连接起来,卫生巾10的每一边需要留出0.3至0.5厘米。于是,中心吸收宽度是约3.7至约6.4厘米的卫生巾要有大约4.3至大约4.7厘米到大约7.0至7.4厘米的总宽度。
打算用在相对较大裤档宽度的本发明实施例的卫生巾10应当有至少6.5厘米的中心吸收宽度63;较好为至少约7.0厘米,最好是至少约7.75厘米,尤其是至少约9.0厘米。
当卫生巾10的中心吸收宽度63缩小时,由前述试验规程测定的总容量也相应地减少,除非卫生巾10在纵长方向上加长。因为一个过分伸长的衬垫会造成穿戴不舒服,所以一个中心吸收宽度等于或小于6.2厘米(并且总容量也减小)的衬垫是可以接受的。按这样的安排,发现总容量约为14克的一个卫生巾10可以很好地工作。
因为下述理由,本发明卫生巾10的中心吸收宽度被认为是很重要的。如前所述,本发明卫生巾10与许多已有技术卫生巾依赖于高度的垂直吸收作用不同,它更加依赖于排出液在吸收芯34较大表面面积上的横向分布。因此,因为分布于顶层25上的排出液在穿越顶层25之前不可能被迅速吸收,所以,正在吸收时包容住这些排出液是重要的。本发明卫生巾10规定的中心吸收宽度63是以一个在阴道口区域的阴唇周围成杯状的柔软卫生巾为依据确定的,使得至少吸收材料的两边是处在戴用者大腿叉部的最上方。这样,卫生巾10和吸收材料在阴道口周围形成杯形,而排出液在这里被包容,直至被吸收为止。
由于本发明卫生巾10的柔软性要求,该卫生巾多半是较薄的。最好使本发明卫生巾10薄到在戴用时不显眼,并且使用者只有很低的穿戴意识。图1和2上的卫生巾10的厚度为1.9毫米。卫生巾10的厚度由下述试验测定。
一个比长仪,具体地说是Massachuselts WalthamB.C测微器公司的带有482型度盘式指示器的130型测微器,该比长仪应当有一个铝制圆形的比长仪脚,其重量为10.0克,并具有一个5.16平方厘米的接触表面。比长仪置零。一个80.0克的不锈钢重物加在伸出表盘上方的心轴上。升高比长仪的脚,将取掉内裤粘胶释放纸的卫生巾的服装表面向下放在基板上。卫生巾在基板上的位置使得脚被放下时正处在卫生巾的中心。慢慢将该脚放下到卫生巾上,在脚接触该卫生巾后30秒钟,读出比长仪度盘30上的读数,以确定卫生巾的厚度。从卫生巾中吸收材料每一端沿长轴中心线58为3.0厘米处测量一次。三次读数的平均值就是卫生巾的厚度。本发明卫生巾10优选具有小于约2.6毫米的厚度,较好为小于2.2毫米,最好是小于约2毫米。在次优的实施例中,本发明卫生巾的厚度也可以增加。如抗弯曲性增加至或大于400克、或甚至大于500克时,则厚度可增加至约4.0到约5.0毫米。但是,厚度最好不要大于3.0毫米。
图4是本发明卫生巾10的另一个实施例。在这个实施例中,卫生巾10在邻接吸收芯34的侧边55处有两个横向延伸的襟片70。襟片70的构形是用来包住戴用者内裤裤档的两个边沿,使得襟片70被置于戴用者内裤边沿和大腿之间。襟片70至少起两个作用。首先,襟片70起防止月经流弄脏使用者的内裤和身体的作用。第二,襟片70在其服装表面17上最好有一个连接件71,使得襟片70可以折到内裤下,并连接在内裤的服装侧表面上。这样,襟片70起保持卫生巾10在内裤上适当定位的作用。推荐的连接件71是该技术领域中公知的压敏胶。或者,襟片70可在内裤下侧面用连接件71彼此相连,而不必固定在内裤上。
在所示的推荐实施例中,襟片70包括顶层25、棉纸31和阻挡层16。此外,在所示的实施例中,襟片70与卫生巾10的叠层是一体化的。换句话说,顶层25、棉纸31和阻挡层16简单地只是横向延伸到芯34以外来形成襟片70。但襟片70不必与卫生巾10是一体化的,而梢允枪潭ǖ轿郎?0上的分开部件。进一步,襟片70可以是单独一个基底,也可以是其它叠层结构。但是,襟片70最好有一个不透液体的阻挡层16。阻挡层16防止到达襟片70的排出液弄脏戴用者内裤的边缘。此外,襟片70最好有一个吸收层,至少到超过戴用者内裤边沿外一点的地方。从理论上讲,只有相对少量的月经会到达襟片70,因此,在襟片70中只需要相对少量的吸收材料。但是为了防止到达襟片70的任何排出液流到未保护的区域,建议襟片70至少需要一些吸收材料。该吸收材料可以是像棉纸31这样的棉纸,或是像WATER-LOCK L-535这样的吸收芯34的延伸。然而,襟片70中的吸收材料应当是高度柔软的。已经知道一些卫生巾,它们具有适合于或可用于本发明卫生巾10的襟片。Van Tilburg 1987年8月18日的题为“带襟片的卫生巾”的美国专利4,687,478,Mattingly1986年8月26日的题为“卫生巾的连接装置”的美国专利4,608,047,Van Tilburg 1986年5月20日的题为“卫生巾”的美国专利4,589,876和McNair 1981年8月25日的题为“卫生巾”的美国专利4,285,343都公开了这样的襟片。所有上述专利通过引用被结合到本申请中。
为了说明的目的,图4所示卫生巾10的中心宽度将从一个襟片70上棉纸31的外边缘32横向延伸到另一个襟片70上棉纸31的外边缘32。
图5是本发明卫生巾10的另一个实施例。相似于图4所示的卫生巾10,这个卫生巾也有襟片70,只是结构形状有所不同。在该实施例中,襟片70只包括顶层25和阻挡层55。
为了说明起见,图5所示的卫生巾10的中心吸收宽度63从棉纸31的一个外边沿32横向延伸到棉纸31的另一个外边沿32。
虽然已图示和描述了本发明的一些具体的实施例,但是在不脱离本发明的构思和范围下,本技术领域的专业人员可以作出各种其它的变化和改进。
Claims (28)
1、一种有一个身体表面和一个服装表面的卫生巾,该卫生巾包括:
一个具有第一主表面和一个第二主表面的吸收件;和
一个紧邻着所说吸收件的第二主表面的不透液体的阻挡件,
所说的卫生巾的抗弯强度小于约300.0克,其试验容量至少为约8克,总容量至少为约20克。
2、如权利要求1的卫生巾,其中所说的卫生巾的中心吸收宽度至少为约3.7厘米。
3、如权利要求2的卫生巾,其中所说的卫生巾的厚度小于约2.6毫米。
4、如权利要求3的卫生巾,其中所说的吸收件进一步包含一种形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂。
5、如权利要求3或4的卫生巾,其中所述的阻挡件包含一个阻挡层,所说的吸收件包含一个透液体的顶层和一个吸收芯。
6、如权利要求4的卫生巾,其中所说的吸收件包括一个吸收芯,该吸收芯含有以重量计从约5%至85%的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂颗粒。
7、如权利要求4的卫生巾,其中所说的吸收件包含一个吸收芯,该吸收芯包含有以重量计的15%至100%的非颗粒的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂。
8、如权利要求4的卫生巾,其中所说的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂分布在所说卫生巾至少约17平方厘米上。
9、如权利要求8的卫生巾,其中所说的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂是颗粒的,且以约0.001克/厘米2至0.009克/厘米2的量分布。
10、如权利要求8的卫生巾,其中所说的形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂是非颗粒的,且其基础重量为约0.002克/厘米2至约0.01克/厘米2。
11、如权利要求3或4的卫生巾,进一步包括一个横向延伸的襟片,用于覆盖住戴用者内裤裤档的边缘,所以被置于戴用者内裤裤档的边缘与戴用者的大腿之间。
12、如权利要求11的卫生巾,其中所说的襟片有一个连接件紧靠着所说的服装表面,用来把所说的襟片连到戴用者内裤的服装表面上。
13、如权利要求11的卫生巾,包括有二个襟片,其中至少一个所说的襟片有一个连接件,用来把所说的两个襟片在戴用者内裤的服装表面上连接在一起。
14、如权利要求3的卫生巾,其中所说的阻挡件包括一个阻挡层,所说的吸收件包括一个铺在一擦获层上的透液体的聚合顶层,所说的擦获层铺在吸收芯上,所说的顶层与阻挡层相连接。
15、如权利要求3的卫生巾,其中所说的阻挡件包括一个阻挡层,所说的吸收件包括一个铺在吸收芯上的透液体的聚合顶层,所说的顶层与阻挡层相连接。
16、如权利要求14或15的卫生巾,其中所说的吸收芯进一步包括一个棉纸层和一种形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂。
17、如权利要求14或15的卫生巾,其中所说的擦获层是一个非纺织层。
18、如权利要求14的卫生巾,其中所说的吸收芯进一步包含一种形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂,顶层是一种多孔成型薄膜,所说的擦获层是一个由纤维束和孔组成的多孔非纺织层,所说的顶层和擦获层的一些孔被对齐,使得这些所说顶层的孔的下面没有擦获层的纤维束,同时,所说顶层和擦获层的另一些孔不被对齐,使得所说擦获层的纤维束处在所说顶层的这些孔的下面。
19、如权利要求14的卫生巾,其中所说的吸收芯进一步包含形成水凝胶的聚合凝胶剂,顶层是一个多孔非纺织层,所说的擦获层是一种由纤维束和孔组成的多孔非纺织层,所说的顶层和擦获层的一些孔被对齐,使得这些所说顶层的孔的下面没有擦获层的纤维束,而所说顶层和擦获层的另一些孔不被对齐,使得所说擦获层的纤维束处在所说顶层的这些孔的下面。
20、如权利要求3的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的抗弯强度小于约175克。
21、如权利要求2的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的厚度为约2.2毫米或更小。
22、如权利要求3的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的试验容量至少为约15克。
23、如权利要求3的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的抗弯强度小于约130克。
24、一种卫生巾,有一个身体表面和一个服装表面,包括:
一个具有一个第一主表面和第二主表面的吸收件;和
一个紧邻着所说吸收件的第二主表面的不透液体的阻挡件;
所说的卫生巾的抗弯强度小于约400克,试验容量至少约为8克,总容量至少约为14克,厚度小于约5毫米。
25、如权利要求1或24的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的总的衬垫宽度至少为约4.3厘米。
26、如权利要求25的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的总容量大于约20克。
27、如权利要求25的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的厚度小于约3毫米。
28、如权利要求1的卫生巾,其中所说卫生巾的抗弯强度小于约250克。
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US07/293,606 US4950264A (en) | 1988-03-31 | 1989-01-04 | Thin, flexible sanitary napkin |
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CN1020848C CN1020848C (zh) | 1993-05-26 |
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-
1989
- 1989-01-04 US US07/293,606 patent/US4950264A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-15 EP EP00110684A patent/EP1029522A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-03-15 EP EP89302553A patent/EP0336578B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1989-03-15 AT AT89302553T patent/ATE198540T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-15 ES ES89302553T patent/ES2153813T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-15 DE DE68929278T patent/DE68929278T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1989-03-15 SG SG1996003026A patent/SG59938A1/en unknown
- 1989-03-27 PH PH38381A patent/PH25785A/en unknown
- 1989-03-28 MA MA21772A patent/MA21526A1/fr unknown
- 1989-03-28 AR AR89313510A patent/AR242107A1/es active
- 1989-03-29 EG EG15989A patent/EG19188A/xx active
- 1989-03-30 FI FI891520A patent/FI96478C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-30 CA CA000595266A patent/CA1317701C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-30 MX MX015466A patent/MX165671B/es unknown
- 1989-03-30 DK DK153889A patent/DK153889A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-03-30 NZ NZ228539A patent/NZ228539A/en unknown
- 1989-03-30 PT PT90160A patent/PT90160A/pt active IP Right Grant
- 1989-03-30 KR KR1019890004091A patent/KR970002923B1/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-03-30 AU AU32240/89A patent/AU629821B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-03-31 JP JP1081313A patent/JP2885821B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-31 BR BR898901522A patent/BR8901522A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-31 CN CN89103118A patent/CN1020848C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-04-08 PT PT9003U patent/PT9003U/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-12-21 HK HK98114287A patent/HK1016015A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-03-05 GR GR20010400361T patent/GR3035520T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101583330B (zh) * | 2007-01-12 | 2013-09-11 | 宝洁公司 | 具有改进结构的吸收芯 |
CN106389013A (zh) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-15 | 佛山市啟盛卫生用品有限公司 | 一种新型卫生巾 |
CN109475103A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-03-15 | 尤妮佳股份有限公司 | 带状体 |
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