CN1037824C - 填料元件 - Google Patents

填料元件 Download PDF

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CN1037824C
CN1037824C CN93108894A CN93108894A CN1037824C CN 1037824 C CN1037824 C CN 1037824C CN 93108894 A CN93108894 A CN 93108894A CN 93108894 A CN93108894 A CN 93108894A CN 1037824 C CN1037824 C CN 1037824C
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海森·S·尼克奈夫思
小享利·Ｇ·利克斯
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/08—Splashing boards or grids, e.g. for converting liquid sprays into liquid films; Elements or beds for increasing the area of the contact surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/30—Loose or shaped packing elements, e.g. Raschig rings or Berl saddles, for pouring into the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/302—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/30223—Cylinder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30408—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30416—Ceramic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/30—Details relating to random packing elements
    • B01J2219/304—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/30433—Glass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/72—Packing elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/139—Open-ended, self-supporting conduit, cylinder, or tube-type article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Abstract

一种带有一基本为四凸角管体结构的质量传递元件是特别有效的适用于质量传递塔的不规则倾堆的填料元件，它可提供一个具有大的表面积和低的压力降的组合效果。

Description

填料元件
本发明涉及用于化工设备中的填料元件，特别涉及具有一种在质量传递应用中的具有新颖而有利结构的不规则填料元件。
人们把“质量传递”定义为一种或多种成分从一种不溶混状态转变为另一种不溶混状态的过程。这种“成分”可以是一种化学成份或者它可以是热能。在所述成份是热量的情况时，这可以是在进一步处理前从反应流中或在流体可被收集或使用前从其热流中需要被去除的燃烧热量或反应热量。该成分还可以是一种化学成份，例如通过吸收方法从一种气体流中去除的一种气体成分或者通过蒸馏或分离处理已被处理的一种液体混合物的成份。对这种或别的数种含有质量传递的应用，传统的方法是使待处理的流体通过一含有不规则布置的填料元件的塔。为了简单起见，这些元件在下文中都称为质量传递元件，而不管与它们被实际使用时所联系的实际的过程情况如何。
很明显，最为有效的质量传递元件是那些所具有的与流体接触面积为最大的质量传递元件。因此人们已作出种种努力以求设计出具有这种表面积可达最大的特点的不规则的填料件。然而事实上发现别的特点也是相当需要的。例如，如果这些元件在塔内时不是相互套叠在一起，这也是有用的，因为套叠在一起会减小所暴露的有效表面积。另外一点也是很重要的，即这些元件不可以填得很紧以致限制了流体流动和在塔的进出口之间产生很大的压力降。
要平衡这些常常相互竞争的要求以加工出一个有效的质量传递元件是一件需要相当熟练技术的事情并且还包含有一些获得这些性能最佳组合的折衷办法。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有相当大的表面积，而又对流体通道具有尽可能小的堵塞的用于不规则的质量传递的填料元件的新设计，以获得一种所需要特性的非常有利的平衡。
本发明的所述的质量传递元件包含有一个基本为管形的结构，在此结构中，管壁在相互垂直的直径的相对端上向内变形以提供一个带有四个外凸角部分的横截面。
在各直径的相对端上的向内变形最好有相同的量以使每个变形内壁表面的凸面都具有相同的弯曲半径。在垂直的直径的相对端上的向内变形也相等，即该内壁表面的弯曲半径也是相等的，但在一个最佳实施例中，最理想是在一直径相对端上的向内变形与在另一直径两端的凹入的弯曲半径不同以使得四个外凸角部分形成元件的弓形带状的横截面。在此最佳实施例中，虽然两种弯曲半径比可有相当宽的变化范围，但是较好的范围是从1∶1至约4∶1，而使用最频繁的是约从2∶1至3∶1。在一种替代的形式中，两组内凸面的弯曲半径相同而由凸面末端所对着的角度，其中相对的一对要大于另一相对的一对。实际上，这意味着突入元件内部的空间，其大的一对凸面要大于另一对的凸面。在本实施例的一个极端形式中，两个较大的相对凸面伸入到这样程度以致该相对内表面相接触，并且使通过该元件的轴向通道被有效地分成两个。
在一个第二最佳实施例中，该四个变形的全部内表面的弯曲半径都相等并且四个向内突入部分都是相同的，以致形成一个基本上是交叉十字形的横截面的轴向内通道。
该元件的轴向长度可以是任何所需合适的长度但是通常这个长度为从约0.5厘米至3厘米而最好是从约1厘米至约2厘米。
其最大的横截面尺寸通常是大于其轴向长度，并且通常是大约2至6倍。该最大的横截面尺寸最常见的是该轴向长度的2至4倍。
该元件的外表面包括有四个凸圆状的凸角，并且这些凸角可由相应于在内表面上的凸圆弧的凹表面或由在两方向上略弯曲或不弯曲的连接表面所分开。一般连接表面的后一种形式最好是采用带有四个相等尺寸的凸角的元件。
在这些凸角被凹面分开的表面上，这些凹面可以设有沿该元件长度方向轴向延伸的肋条。在一个比较理想的结构中，设有约2至6个，而较理想是在每个凹面上，并且最理想是只在具有较大弯曲半径的凹面上设有3至4个肋条。
尽管本发明的这种元件形状，已描述的都为管形，但我们可以设想到，在不违背本发明基本构思的情况下，其横截面的形状可沿着管体长度方向变化。因此该管体可略成锥形或设有一个腰部，该腰部具有最大横截面尺寸而在管体长度中点附近具有最小尺寸。然而，应该联想到这种偏离可增加从床的一端至另一端的压降并且可能改变在床内的该元件的填充情况。因此，这样的偏离只在它们不显著地减小元件基本效果的范围内才被容许。
该元件沿着轴线两端可设有端壁，这些端壁与理论的曲表面相一致，它们可以是凸面的或最好是凹面的。因此，在这些最佳实施例中，填料元件两端是这样凹陷的以致轴向长度小于在其周边上的长度。这个凹陷量可以是这样的，即其沿轴线的轴向长度是在周边上的轴向长度的约60％至90％，而更常用的是75％。
制成管体的材料可以是那些适用于这样的典型用途中的任何材料。因此，较理想的材料是一种陶瓷或烧制粘土材料，虽然另外的材料例如一种玻璃或金属可被用于一定应用场合。一般这种材料对于其所接触的周围流体是惰性的。在包括有各种热传递使用时，它还应能够按加工要求吸收一定数量的能量。它还应在装填和使用过程中，能够承受热冲击物理冲击。
现通过一些具体实施例来具体说明本发明的目的和特点。
图1是根据本发明的第一实施例的填料元件的立体图；
图2示出一个第二实施例的立体图；
图3示出一个第三实施例的立体图；
图4示出一个第四实施例的立体图。
现参照附图来说明本发明，这些图仅是为了图示说明的目的，而并不意味着是对所要求的本发明的范围特别是在尺寸方面的实质性的限制。
在图1中，该管形填料元件具有四个尺寸相等的外凸角。它的内表面有四个相等间分设置的凸圆面。该填料元件的最大的横截面的外边直径是3.33厘米而最大长度是2.54厘米。在管体的各端上，填料元件表面是这样地成形构成理论凹圆弧面的一部分以致它们在该填料件轴线的最接近位置上，其相对理论表面分开1.91厘米。外凸角的弯曲半径为0.64厘米而内凸面的弯曲半径为0.60厘米。该外部的凸角由一具有1.03厘米的弯曲半径的凸面连接而内部的凸角由一具有0.95厘米的弯曲半径的凹面连接。
图2示出一个实施例，其中管体填料元件的壁厚基本保持不变，并且其内表面设有不同弯曲半径的凸弧面，其在第一直径的相对端上的相对的一对具有相同的(弯曲半径较大的)的凸弧面，而在与所述第一直径成直角的第二直径的两端上的相对的另一对具有较小角度的凸面。
所述较大的内凸面的每一外表面上，设有四个等间距分开设置的轴向延伸的肋条。
较大的内凸面的弯曲半径是2.31厘米而较小的凸面的弯曲半径是1.17厘米。该填料件的轴向长度是1.42厘米，其壁厚为0.28厘米而在相邻凸角的外表面之间的最大间距是5.31厘米。
图3示出类似于图2所示的一个结构，但该结构带有更为明显突出的外部凸角和并无什么不同的内凸角。这种结构也没有设置外部的轴向肋条。
两个较大的相对的内凸面的弯曲半径为1.25厘米，(0.89厘米是其相对的凹面的弯曲半径)，而该较小的相对外凸面的弯曲半径为0.89厘米，(0.53厘米是其相对的凹面的弯曲半径)。它的壁厚是0.36厘米而其轴向长度是1.42厘米。在相邻凸角的外表面间的最大间距是4.37厘米。
图4与图3的实施例相似，不同的只是其较大的内凸面大到以致它们在填料元件轴线上相遇。
在本实施例中，所有相应于所述内凸面的外表面的弯曲半径是1.91厘米，然而其相对的一对内凸面都是这样明显突出以致内表面相碰。该填料件的轴向长度是1.91厘米而壁厚是0.95厘米。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于质量传递的填料元件，它有一基本为管状的结构，在这种管状结构中管壁在其相互垂直的直径的相对端上向内地变形以提供一个具有四个外凸部的横截面。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种填料元件，其特征在于，其同一直径的相对端上的变形程度相同。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种填料元件，其特征在于，所述的四个外凸角具有相同的尺寸。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种填料元件，其特征在于，其相互垂直的直径的长度比为从1∶1至4∶1。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种填料元件，其特征在于，它有数个在其管体外表面上形成的轴向延伸的肋条。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种填料元件，其特征在于，该管体的两端设有端壁，所述端壁的形状为凹面，所述凹面与理论的凹表面相一致，以使管体的轴向长度小于在其周边上的长度。
CN93108894A 1992-07-16 1993-07-16 填料元件 Expired - Lifetime CN1037824C (zh)

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DE69305701D1 (de) 1996-12-05
CZ283374B6 (cs) 1998-04-15
DE69305701T2 (de) 1997-05-15
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AU656274B2 (en) 1995-01-27
DE69305701T3 (de) 2004-07-29
CA2100189A1 (en) 1994-01-17
CA2100189C (en) 1999-03-30
CZ143893A3 (en) 1994-01-19
SK76693A3 (en) 1994-05-11
BR9302883A (pt) 1994-02-16
PL299709A1 (en) 1994-02-21
CN1081935A (zh) 1994-02-16
KR100256153B1 (en) 2000-05-15
HUT68741A (en) 1995-04-26
AU4179893A (en) 1994-01-20
PL171912B1 (pl) 1997-06-30
TW280805B (zh) 1996-07-11
HU9302037D0 (en) 1993-10-28
US5304423A (en) 1994-04-19
KR940005315A (ko) 1994-03-21
JP2731102B2 (ja) 1998-03-25
HU211817B (en) 1995-12-28
ES2093330T5 (es) 2004-07-01
EP0579234B1 (en) 1996-10-30
EP0579234B2 (en) 2003-12-17
ES2093330T3 (es) 1996-12-16
ZA934847B (en) 1994-02-24
JPH06190273A (ja) 1994-07-12
EP0579234A1 (en) 1994-01-19
RU2114692C1 (ru) 1998-07-10
ATE144728T1 (de) 1996-11-15

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