CN104136849A - Cooled electrode and burner system including a cooled electrode - Google Patents

Cooled electrode and burner system including a cooled electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104136849A
CN104136849A CN201280070553.3A CN201280070553A CN104136849A CN 104136849 A CN104136849 A CN 104136849A CN 201280070553 A CN201280070553 A CN 201280070553A CN 104136849 A CN104136849 A CN 104136849A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrode
flame
cooling
heat
cooling fluid
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201280070553.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
约瑟夫·科兰尼诺
克里斯多佛·A·威克洛夫
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Clearsign Technologies Corp
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Clearsign Combustion Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of CN104136849A publication Critical patent/CN104136849A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/68—Treating the combustion air or gas, e.g. by filtering, or moistening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/001—Applying electric means or magnetism to combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/15044—Preheating combustion air by heat recovery means using solar or other clean energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/13003—Energy recovery by thermoelectric elements, e.g. by Peltier/Seebeck effect, arranged in the combustion plant

Abstract

According to an embodiment, an electrode system for a burner may include a thermally coupled electrode configured to apply an electric field to a region corresponding to a flame or combustion gas produced by the flame and to receive heat from the flame or the combustion gas. A cooling apparatus may be operatively coupled to the thermally coupled electrode and configured to remove the heat received by the electrode from the flame or the combustion gas. According to another embodiment, a method of cooling an electrode subject to heating by a flame or a combustion gas produced by the flame may include applying an electric field to a flame or combustion gas produced by the flame with an electrode.

Description

Cooling electrode and the buner system that comprises cooling electrode
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the autograph submitted on February 22nd, 2012 benefit of priority for " COOLED ELECTRODEAND BURNER SYSTEM INCLUDING A COOLED ELECTRODE " and the sequence number U.S. Provisional Patent Application that is 61/601,920; Wherein with disclose consistent range section herein and be incorporated to by reference.
Summary of the invention
According to embodiment, the electrode system of burner can comprise thermal coupling electrode, and thermal coupling electrode is configured to region corresponding to burning gases that electric field is applied to flame or is produced by flame, and receives the heat from flame or burning gases.Cooling device can be operationally coupled to thermal coupling electrode and be configured to remove the heat being received from flame or burning gases by electrode.
According to another embodiment, the method for the electrode of the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or flame generation can comprise: use electrode electric field to be applied to the burning gases of flame or flame generation; Cause the detected response in response to electric field in flame or burning gases; Use electrode to receive the heat from flame or burning gases; And cooling electrode is to remove from the heat of flame or burning gases reception.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows according to the burner of embodiment with for the figure of the cooling electrode system of burner.
Fig. 2 show according to embodiment with the figure of electrode of Fig. 1 of thermoelectric (al) cooler that is configured to the heat of removing self-electrode.
Fig. 3 show according to embodiment with the figure of electrode of Fig. 1 of cooling device that comprises heat pipe.
Fig. 4 shows according to the figure of the electrode of Fig. 1 of embodiment, and wherein electrode comprises for the flow channel of cooling fluid with for exporting the cooling fluid of heating to the hole of flame or burning gases.
Fig. 5 shows according to the figure of the electrode of Fig. 1 of embodiment, and wherein electrode comprises for carrying cooling fluid by the first and second fluid flowing passages of electrode.
Fig. 6 shows according to embodiment and is configured to provide the figure of cooling fluid to the electricity isolation cooling fluid source of thermal coupling electrode.
Fig. 7 is that explaination is according to the flow chart of the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or flame generation of embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
In the following detailed description, with reference to the drawings, these accompanying drawings have formed a part herein.In the accompanying drawings, unless context separately has regulation, otherwise similar symbol is demarcated similar assembly conventionally.The illustrated embodiment of describing in detailed description, accompanying drawing and claim is not meant to be restrictive.Other embodiment can be utilized, and can carry out other variation, and does not depart from the spirit or scope of theme in this paper.
According to embodiment, Fig. 1 shows and is configured to the burner 102 of flame support 106 and the figure for the cooling electrode system 101 of burner 102.Can comprise thermal coupling electrode 104 for the electrode system 101 of burner 102, thermal coupling electrode 104 is configured to the region of burning gases 108 correspondences that using electric field or jet band electron ion produce to flame 106 or flame 106.Thermal coupling electrode 104 can receive heat from flame 106 and/or burning gases 108.Cooling device 110 can operationally be coupled to thermal coupling electrode 104 and be configured to remove the heat being received from flame 106 or burning gases 108 by electrode 104.
The volume that flame 106 and burning gases 108 at least temporarily remain on wherein can be called as combustion volume 111.Electrode 104 can be arranged in combustion volume 111 at least in part to receive heat from flame 106 and/or burning gases 108.Or electrode 104 can be in the outside of combustion volume 111, but be thermally coupled to flame 106 or burning gases 108 to receive therefrom heat.
Electrode 104 and cooling device 110 are illustrated with the form of block diagram.Their physical form and position can change according to the form that may show in Fig. 1 and position.As from the following description by understanding, cooling device 110 can be arranged in fact in electrode 104, can and/or can comprise and the relative device widely of electrode 104 separation adjacent to electrode 104.
According to embodiment, the heat that at least most of heat of being removed from thermal coupling electrode 104 by cooling device 110 may receive corresponding to the burning gases 108 that produce from flame 106 and/or flame 106.In addition or alternatively, the heat of removing from thermal coupling electrode 104 by cooling device 110 can comprise: the heat that the electric regulation loss of origin self-heating coupling electrode 104 causes and the heat receiving from flame 106.Selectively, burner and electrode system 101 can comprise multiple thermal coupling electrodes 104 and/or additional one or more non-thermal coupling electrode (not shown).
Burner 102 can comprise the fuels sources 112 and the oxidizer source 116 that is configured to provide oxidant to flame 106 that are configured to provide fuel to flame 106.Electrical isolation portion 114 can be configured to fuels sources 112 and ground or the voltage electrical isolation except the voltage corresponding to thermal coupling electrode 104.
Electrode controller 118 can be configured to the voltage corresponding to electric field to be applied to thermal coupling electrode 104 through one or more electrical leads 120.Electrode controller 118 can comprise waveform generator 122 and amplifier 124.Time variant voltage when waveform generator 122 can be configured to provide.Time time variant voltage can be periodic at least in part, and for example can there is the approximately frequency between 50Hz and 10kHz.Amplifier 124 can be amplified to operating voltage by the time time variant voltage receiving from waveform generator 122.Operating voltage can be transported to thermal coupling electrode 104 by one or more electrical leads 120.Operating voltage can approximately ± 1000V (for example, along with time be formed on+1kV of time variant voltage and-sine wave or the square wave that circulate between 1kV) to approximately ± 500, variation between 000V (± 500kV).Experiment be by inventor use ± 4kV and ± voltage-operated between 40kV.Under normal circumstances, the electric current of electrode 104 losses is low, for example, and 50 milliamperes or lower.Therefore, the common any significant Joule heating without undergoing the electrical waveform in response to applied amplification of electrode 104.On the contrary, the major part of all in fact heats by cooling removal may be all owing to from flame 106 or burning gases 108, radiation and/or the advection heat to electrode 104 shifts.
Cooling device 110 can operationally be coupled to electrode controller 118, and is controlled by electrode controller 118.Or cooling device 110 can not controlled by electrode controller 118.When there is no exercisable coupling between cooling device 110 and electrode controller 118 time, the block diagram between the electrode controller 118 shown in Fig. 1 and cooling device 110 connects 126 and can be omitted.
Radiator (not shown) can operationally be coupled to cooling device 110, and is configured to receive by thermal coupling electrode 104 from flame 106 or burning gases 108 receive and the heat removed from thermal coupling electrode 104 by cooling device 110.For example, cooling device 110 can be configured to the heat of self-heating coupling electrode 104 in the future and output to radiator (not shown), radiator comprises heat exchange surface (not shown), and heat exchange surface is configured to preheating and is supplied to oxidant 116 or the gas of flame 106.For example, oxidant 116 can comprise the oxygen carrying in air.Radiator (not shown) can comprise fin, and fin is configured to preheated air before air flows into and passes through flame 106.
Selectively or additionally, cooling device 110 can be configured to from thermal coupling electrode 104 to radiator (not shown) quantity of heat given up, radiator comprises heat exchange surface (not shown), and heat exchange surface is configured to preheating and is supplied to the fuel of flame 106.For example, radiator (not shown) can comprise fin (not shown), and fin is arranged along the non-conductive part 114 of fuel supply pipe.For example, this radiator and fin (not shown) can be by being embedded into radiator and/or fin in casting fuel supply pipe 114 or by radiator and/or fin are molded into formation in thermoplastic fuel supply pipe 114 jointly.In addition or selectively, radiator (not shown) can be formed as the current-carrying part 112 of fuel supply.This layout may be particularly suitable for gaseous fuel.
According to another example, radiator (not shown) can be configured to be immersed at least in part in liquid fuel, for example, and fuel oil or marine fuel.According to embodiment, radiator (not shown) can be configured at least a portion of fuel absorption mechanism (not shown), and fuel is taken in mechanism's preheated liquid fuel and passed through with easier pumping with through nozzle 112.This layout may be particularly suitable for viscosity fuel, for example marine fuel.
Cooling device 110 can be configured to from thermal coupling electrode 104 to combustion volume 111 quantities of heat given up corresponding to flame 106 or burning gases 108.For example, cooling device 110 can comprise to be forced or free convection system (not shown), and contracurrent system is configured to mistake combustion (overfire) air to transmit through hollow thermal coupling electrode 104.Cross and fire air and can and leave the aperture open end of electrode (for example, such as) of firing air eject position crossing through electrode.In this case, cross combustion air (or through other fluid of the thermal coupling electrode 104) and can self serve as radiator.This method is described more fully in conjunction with Fig. 4 below.
Cooling device 110 can be configured to from thermal coupling electrode 104 to liquid, gas or solid radiator (not shown) quantity of heat given up, and radiator is not to be thermally coupled to flame 106 or burning gases 108.For example, liquid, gas or solid radiator can be isolated with the second cooling agent (not shown) electricity, and the second cooling agent is configured to remove heat from radiator.
According to embodiment, electricity shielding system (not shown) can be configured to reduce or avoid in fact the electric leakage from thermal coupling electrode 104 to radiator (not shown), radiator to be configured to receive the heat of removing from thermal coupling electrode by cooling device 110.
Various types of cooling devices 110 are expected.
According to embodiment, Fig. 2 shows the Figure 20 1 with the thermal coupling electrode of Fig. 1 of thermoelectric (al) cooler 202, and thermoelectric (al) cooler 202 is configured to operationally be coupled to thermal coupling electrode 104 and removes heat from thermal coupling electrode 104.Thermoelectric (al) cooler typically can move according to peltier effect.
According to embodiment, thermal coupling electrode 104 can be configured to by fluid cooling.Fluid is cooling can adopt various ways, comprising: gas cooled, liquid cools, Phase cooling; Opening and closing top (allow respectively and do not allow fluid to be transmitted into flame 106); And/or various heat dissipating methods.Generally speaking, common theme can comprise that electrode is with respect to external fluid system and/or with respect to the electricity isolation of the ground connection of burner 102 and the device that is associated.In the non-conductive radiator situation of for example combustion air, electrode isolation may be intrinsic, otherwise may comprise the partition method of relative complex.
According to embodiment, Fig. 3 shows the figure with the thermal coupling electrode 104 of Fig. 1 of cooling device 110, and cooling device 110 comprises heat pipe 302.Heat pipe 302 can be configured to receive heat from flame 106 via the evaporation of evaporimeter end 304, and exports the heat from flame via the condensation at condenser ends 306 places.Heat pipe is self-contained cooler, does not receive any input of the energy from external source or fluid and flows.At evaporimeter 304 places, the working fluid of the liquid form contacting with hot conducting solid surface 312 is by becoming steam from Surface absorption heat.The working fluid of vapor form through the length of heat pipe (or the degree of depth of heat pipe depends on the special physical form of electrode 104) through the vapor space 308 to freezing machine 306.At freezing machine 306, steam condensation returns liquid, is released in the potential heat that evaporimeter 304 absorbs.Then liquid turn back to evaporimeter 304 through capillarity or Action of Gravity Field, and wherein it evaporates and repetitive cycling again.Typically, liquid turns back to evaporimeter via the wicking layer 310 adjacent to the vapor space 308 from freezing machine.
According to embodiment, the wall 312 of heat pipe 302 can form the conductive path of electrode 104.Electrode 104 and heat pipe 302 can comprise electrical wiring post 314, and electrical wiring post 314 is configured to operationally be coupled to the contact conductor 120 from electrode controller 118.Electrode 104 and heat pipe 302 also can comprise electric insulation coating layer 316, electric insulation coating layer 316 be configured to reduce or avoid on electrode 104 voltage that loads and ground, with another voltage or with receive and output to cooling fluid from cooling fluid inlet 320 and export being communicated with of 322 conduction cooling fluid.The wall 312 of heat pipe can comprise one or more smooth arc-shaped surfaces 318, and smooth arc-shaped surface 318 is configured to reduce or avoid the arc discharge of charge concentration and the arc discharge to flame 106 or process flame 106.
According to embodiment, Fig. 4 shows the figure of the thermal coupling electrode 104 of Fig. 1, and wherein electrode 104 comprises for the flow channel 404 of cooling fluid with for exporting the cooling fluid of heating to the hole 322 of flame 106 or burning gases.Thermal coupling electrode 104,401 can comprise and forms at least one hole 322 forming on electric conductor and the definition wall 402 of fluid flowing passage 404 and wall 402.Fluid flowing passage 404 can be configured to transport cooling fluid from cooling fluid inlet 408 to hole 322, to shift heat from wall 402 to cooling fluid, and the cooling fluid of heating is outputed to the burning gases 108 of flame 106 or flame generation.
Electrical wiring post 314 can be configured to operationally be coupling between conductive wall 402 and the contact conductor 120 from electrode controller 118.The electric insulation 410 that is coupled to fluid flowing passage 404 can be configured to reduce or avoid the voltage that loads on electrode 104 and ground, with another voltage or with being communicated with of the second cooling fluid (not shown) conducting electricity.
Wall 402 can comprise one or more smooth arc-shaped surfaces 318, and smooth arc-shaped surface 318 is configured to reduce or avoid the arc discharge of charge concentration and the arc discharge to flame 106 or process flame 106.Selectively, electric insulation coating 412 can be formed at least a portion adjacent to the wall 402 of flow channel 404, to reduce or eliminate the electric current that flows to cooling fluid.
Cooling liquid can comprise the gas such as air.For example, hole 322 can form combustion air port.According to other embodiment, cooling fluid can comprise liquid.
According to embodiment, Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the electrode 104 of Fig. 1, and wherein electrode 104 comprises for carrying cooling fluid by the first and second fluid flowing passages 504,506 of electrode 104.Wall 502 can define the electric conductor for carrying electrode voltage.First fluid flow channel 504 can be formed in wall 502, and can be configured to transport the cooling fluid receiving.Second fluid flow channel 506 can be formed in wall, and can be configured to transport the cooling fluid of output.
Fluid flowing passage 504,506 can be configured to transport respectively cooling fluid and export from cooling fluid inlet port 508 to cooling fluid at least a portion distance of the mobile distance of port 510.At least one of fluid flowing passage 504,506 can be configured to shift from wall 502 to cooling fluid heat.At least one accessory 512 can be configured to coupled fluid flow channel 504,506 respectively and export port 510 to cooling fluid inlet port 508 and cooling fluid.Accessory 512 can form cooling fluid inlet port 508 and cooling fluid outlet port 510.At least one accessory 512 electric insulation in fact.
Fluid flowing passage (for example, 504,506) can be arranged in every way.For example, fluid flowing passage 504,506 can be coaxial.Pipe or integrally formed wall 514 can define inner flow passage 506.The flow direction of instruction can be contrary.Or fluid flowing passage can comprise the out-of-alignment inner chamber that walks abreast.
Electrical wiring post 314 can be configured to operationally be coupling between conductive wall 502 and contact conductor 120, for electrode 104 is coupled to electrode controller 118.
Cooling fluid can be conduction or nonconducting.According to embodiment, cooling fluid can comprise the gas such as air or gaseous fuel.In other embodiments, cooling fluid can be conduction or potential conduction.Cooling fluid can comprise the liquid such as water or liquid fuel.
Some cooling fluids, for example, water and/or some fuel, can conduct electricity at least in part.Other cooling fluid, for example, carry the air of moisture, maybe may contain the insulating oil of water, can be potential conduction.As described above, relatively high voltage can be loaded on electrode 104.Therefore, guarantee electrode 104 is with the isolation of cooling fluid electricity or ensure cooling fluid and the electricity isolation of ground or other voltage, may be desirable at least in some embodiments.
According to embodiment, electric insulation coating layer 412 can be formed on surperficial at least a portion of wall 502 or wall 502,514, and wall 502,514 has defined fluid flowing passage 504,506.Electric insulation coating layer 412 can be configured to reduce or eliminate the electric current that flows to cooling fluid.For example, electric insulation coating layer can comprise ceramic coating.For example, electric insulation coating layer can comprise the glass forming by crosslinked silane formation silicones pyrolysis silicones.
As noted above, some cooling fluids can be conduction or there is at least potentially electric conductivity.Even be do not expect in the situation that in electric conductivity, it is desirable providing such as the one or more extra electric isolation Levels for failure safe protection.
According to embodiment, Fig. 6 is configured to provide the schematic diagram of cooling fluid to the electricity isolation cooling fluid source 601 of thermal coupling electrode 104.Electric insulation case or electric insulation pond 602 can be configured to hold the cooling fluid 604 of storage.Cooling fluid supply system 606 can be configured to transport cooling fluid from the container 602 of cooling fluid 604 to cooling fluid inlet 320,408,508 (respectively Fig. 3-5), and cooling fluid inlet is operationally coupled to thermal coupling electrode 104.Electricity isolation or electric insulation cooling fluid supply system 601 can comprise isolated by electricity or the electric separate pump 608 that is configured to pumping cooling fluid.In addition or selectively, electricity isolation or electric insulation cooling fluid supply system 601 can be configured to carry in response to thermal siphon cooling fluid.
Reflux line 610 can be configured to return from cooling fluid outlet port 322,510 (seeing Fig. 3 and 5) cooling fluid of heating.
Cooling fluid supply department 612 can be configured to provide cooling fluid to electric insulation case or electric insulation pond 602 through anti-siphon layout 614, and anti-siphon is arranged and is configured to avoid electrical conduction to arrive fluid supply 612.Electricity isolation cooling fluid source 601 can comprise valve 616, and valve 616 is configured to cause cooling fluid to cross over anti-siphon with discontinuous flow form and arranges that 614 are supplied, thereby has avoided the electrical conduction from cooling fluid container 604 to cooling fluid supply department 612.
Secondary coolant case 618 can be configured to hold secondary coolant 620.Secondary coolant 620 may be arranged to through electric insulation case or electric insulation pond 602 and receives heat from cooling fluid container 604.
According to embodiment, Fig. 7 is the flow chart of explaination for the method 701 of the electrode of the cooling burning gases heating that suffers flame or flame generation.In step 704, can use electrode electric field to be applied to the burning gases of flame or flame generation.Proceed to step 706, electric field can cause detectable response in flame or burning gases.As other place herein stated, may be desirable and necessity at that electrodes, in step 708, electrode receives heat from flame or burning.Proceed to step 712, electrode can be cooled to remove the heat receiving from flame or burning gases.
According to some embodiments, can comprise the step (not shown) that produces heat by Joule heating in electrode.But, under these circumstances, in step 712 by most of heat of cooling removal typically corresponding to the heat receiving from flame.If not whole in the situation that, be also in many cases, the heat that is equivalent to receive from flame by all heats of cooling removal in fact.
Method 701 can comprise that supply fuel and oxidant are to burner (not shown), and supports to use the flame (not shown) of burner.For example, comprise that the electrode system of at least one thermal coupling electrode can be integrated one with burner or sell together with burner, make the product of single-vendor carry out these additional steps.In other situation, different suppliers can supplying electrode system and burner.
Method 701 can also comprise fuels sources and ground or the voltage (not shown) electrical isolation except the voltage corresponding to electrode.
Method 701 can comprise step 702, and wherein time, time variant voltage is applied to electrode.Step 702 can comprise and uses waveform generator to produce waveform, and time variant voltage when waveform is amplified to.Time time variant voltage be applied to corresponding to the electrode of electric field that is applied to flame or burning gases.Waveform can be selected to cause the detected response in flame or burning gases with the amount of the amplification that is applied to waveform.According to embodiment, waveform and time time variant voltage be selected as not producing the Joule heating of electrode.Waveform and time time variant voltage can be selected as avoiding causing the arc discharge between flame or other structure and electrode; And do not cause induction or the impedance heated of flame or burning gases.
Selectively, method 701 can comprise control cooling device, and cooling device utilizes controller to be operationally coupled to electrode, and controller is also for electrode produces waveform.
In step 712, cooling electrode can comprise operation thermoelectric (al) cooler.
Selectively, method 701 can comprise step 710, comprises and provides at least one electricity isolation cooling fluid or electric isolated radiator to receive heat from electrode.Step 710 can comprise transfer of heat to electricity isolation cooling fluid or electric isolated radiator.For example, provide electricity isolation cooling fluid or radiator can comprise the gas that provides non-conductive.Provide non-conductive gas can be included as flame primary air or oxidant are provided.In step 710, transfer of heat before can being included in fuel combination or flame, electricity isolation cooling fluid is used to heat preheating primary air or the oxidant removed from electrode.In addition or selectively, provide non-conductive gas can be included as flame combustion air or oxidant were provided.Transfer of heat can be comprised and uses the heat preheating of removing from electrode to cross combustion air or oxidant to electricity isolation cooling fluid.Combustion air excessively or the oxidant of preheating can be injected into flame or burning gases.For example, this method can be used to be used in conjunction with together with flowchart graph electrode corresponding to Fig. 4.
In addition or selectively, use the heat preheating of removing from electrode to cross combustion air or oxidant and can comprise that the one or more inner chamber transmission that form through electrode cross combustion air or oxidant, and convection current ground receives heats from one or more walls in one or more chambeies and has been combustion air or oxidant.Injecting preheated air or oxidant can comprise convection current and transmit from the air of the heating of one or more inner chambers or oxidant through one or more holes of forming on electrode and enter flame or burning gases to flame or burning gases.Provide non-conductive gas to comprise atmospheric air is provided.
In step 712, transfer of heat can be comprised heat is transferred to non-conductive gas from radiator through fin to electricity isolation cooling fluid.
Selectively, in step 710, provide electricity isolation cooling fluid or radiator can comprise the liquid coolant that provides non-conductive.For example, provide non-conductive liquid coolant to comprise liquid fuel is provided.In step 712, transfer of heat can be comprised transfer of heat is arrived to liquid fuel with preheated liquid fuel to electricity isolation cooling fluid.Method 701 can comprise the liquid fuel of preheating is transported to burner and the liquid fuel of preheating is supplied with to flame as fuel.
Selectively, step 710 can comprise provides conducting liquid cooling agent and by conducting liquid cooling agent and ground and voltage electrical isolation except being applied to the voltage on electrode.For example, provide conducting liquid fuel to comprise conducting liquid fuel, water or liquid metals are provided.Then method 701 can comprise by non-conductive wall, heat exchanger or case transfers to secondary coolant or radiator (for example, seeing the block diagram of Fig. 6) by heat from conducting liquid cooling agent.Provide electricity isolation cooling fluid or electric isolated radiator can comprise conducting liquid cooling agent from electricity isolation coolant container pumping and through being operationally coupled to the radiator of electrode in step 710.In addition or selectively, provide electricity isolation cooling fluid or electric isolated radiator can comprise conducting liquid cooling agent from electricity isolation coolant container pumping with or through at least one fluid passage electrode in step 710.Electrical isolation conductor fluid cooling agent can also comprise provides pump, this pump be electrical isolation or pump and pump drive motor electrical isolation.For example, peristaltic pump can be by using non-conductive flexible pipe to carry liquid through pump and by electricity isolation.Selectively, vane type, centrifugal, positive displacement or other pump can be by cutting off conduction axis and the isolation of pump drive motor electricity, and the electric power transfer between each end of conduction axis is provided through insulate universal joint or axle.
Conducting liquid cooling agent and ground and the voltage electrical isolation except being applied to the voltage of electrode can be comprised to the cooling fluid supply department from arranging through anti-siphon provides conducting liquid cooling agent to container, and the electrical conduction of having avoided between fluid supply and container is arranged in anti-siphon.For example, provide conducting liquid cooling agent to container from the cooling fluid supply department arranging through the anti-siphon of having avoided electrical conduction, can comprise and regulate liquid coolant flow to avoid the Continuous Flow of the conducting liquid cooling agent that anti-siphon is arranged from bridge joint.
In addition or selectively, electric isolation can be that electrode inherence provides or collaborative with electrode together with.For example, Electric insulator may be provided between electrode and one or more cooling fluid circulation road.For example, see Fig. 3 316,412 or Fig. 5 of Fig. 4 412.
Step 712 as mentioned above coupling apparatus figure is performed in a series of modes.For example, cooling electrode can comprise through electrodes transfer cooling fluid to remove the heat receiving from flame.In addition or selectively, cooling electrode can comprise that to remove the heat receiving from flame operation heat pipe is to remove the heat of self-electrode.Heat from heat pipe can be transferred to cooling fluid.For example, by heat from heat pipe transfer to cooling fluid can comprise transmit primary combustion oxidant, cross fire oxidant or fuel through the condenser portion of heat pipe with preheating primary combustion oxidant, cross combustion oxidant or fuel.Electric insulation (for example, 316 of Fig. 3) may be provided at least condenser portion of heat pipe to avoid electrode voltage to be transmitted to the cooling fluid through condenser.
Other method also can be used to heat of cooling coupling electrode and can fall within the scope of the claims.The phase-change material that absorbs heat during phase transformation can circulate through thermal coupling electrode, or can settle to respond the heat input instantaneous variation from flame or hot gas with solid forms.For example, certain metal alloy or salt mixture (eutectic) can be used at least provide the temporary protection to electrode 104 in addition or selectively.For example, lead/tin solder is a kind of eutectic mixture, and its fusing point is 360F left and right.Use salt, the eutectic mixture that approaches any temperature can be provided; For example, about 200 and 1600F between.One or more chambeies in electrode 104 can be full of to provide passive overtemperature protection at least one times with eutectic mixture because fused salt maintain it fusing point or melt temperature scope to the last point salt be liquefied.In cooling device fault or replace independent cooling device, the heat of the fusing in eutectic chamber can provide substantial radiator with protection thermal coupling electrode 104.
According to embodiment, eutectic mixture can be recycled, for example, with slurry form.People also can use liquid/vapor balance, so that overtemperature protection to be provided.According to embodiment, liquid can adulterate, to be formed on a series of evaporating temperatures instead of the single boiling point between bubble point and set point.If electrode receives enough heats and reach boiling point or the boiling range of circulating coolant from flame or burning gases, so extra evaporation heat can provide the higher coefficient of overall heat transmission of the coefficient of overall heat transmission that only uses the liquid carrying confession that obvious temperature raises than response.
In circulating coolant system, circulation can be passive alternatively, does not need pump or other movable part.For example, in the more intensive system of cooling phase, the upper end of the sealed tube that contains eutectic can be allowed to and surrounding environment heat-shift, and the lower end of sealed tube and stove heat-shift.In this situation, equipment can by colder dense phase circulation to high-temperature area and will hotter low dense phase circulation to cooled region.This method can be used with the form of heat pipe, for example, and such as the cooling system of Fig. 3 explaination.The material (for example, bismuth etc.) by use with density arranged side by side, conduit can be operated in rightabout.
Although disclose various aspects and embodiment herein, other aspect and embodiment are expected.Various aspects disclosed herein and embodiment are for illustrative purposes instead of are intended to restriction, and real scope and spirit are pointed out by claim below.

Claims (87)

1. for an electrode system for burner, comprising:
Thermal coupling electrode, it is configured to area applications electric field corresponding to the burning gases that produce with flame or by described flame or jet band electron ion, and receives the heat from described flame or described burning gases; And
Cooling device, it is operationally coupled to described thermal coupling electrode, and is configured to remove the described heat that described electrode receives from described flame or described burning gases.
2. the electrode system for burner according to claim 1, wherein, at least most of heat of being removed from described thermal coupling electrode by described cooling device is corresponding to the heat receiving from described flame.
3. buner system according to claim 1, wherein, the heat of removing from described thermal coupling electrode by described cooling device comprises: the heat that the loss being regulated by the electricity from described thermal coupling electrode causes and the heat receiving from described flame.
4. the electrode system for burner according to claim 1, also comprises:
Be configured to support the described burner of described flame.
5. the electrode system for burner according to claim 4, wherein, described burner also comprises:
Fuels sources, it is configured to provide fuel to described flame;
Electrical isolation portion, it is configured to fuels sources and ground or the voltage except the voltage corresponding to described thermal coupling electrode described in electrical isolation; And
Oxidizer source, it is configured to provide oxidant to described flame.
6. the electrode system for burner according to claim 1, also comprises:
Electrode controller, it is configured to the voltage corresponding to described electric field to be applied to described thermal coupling electrode through one or more electrical leads.
7. the electrode system for burner according to claim 6, wherein, described cooling device is operationally coupled to described electrode controller and is controlled by described electrode controller.
8. the electrode system for burner according to claim 6, wherein, described cooling device is not controlled by described electrode controller.
9. the electrode system for burner according to claim 1, also comprises:
Radiator, it is operationally coupled to described cooling device, and is configured to receive by described thermal coupling electrode from described flame or described burning gases receive and the described heat from the removal of described thermal coupling electrode by described cooling device.
10. the electrode system for burner according to claim 1, wherein, described cooling device is configured to from described thermal coupling electrode to radiator quantity of heat given up, described radiator comprises heat exchange surface, and described heat exchange surface is configured to preheating and is supplied to oxidant or the gas of described flame.
11. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein, described cooling device is configured to output to radiator from the heat of described thermal coupling electrode, described radiator comprises heat exchange surface, and described heat exchange surface is configured to preheating and is supplied to the fuel of described flame.
12. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein, described cooling device is configured to output to the combustion volume corresponding to described flame or described burning gases from the heat of described thermal coupling electrode.
13. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein, described cooling device is configured to the liquid, gas or the solid radiator that are not thermally coupled to described flame or described burning gases by outputing to from the heat of described thermal coupling electrode.
14. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, also comprise:
Electricity shielding system, it is configured to reduce or avoids in fact the electric leakage from described thermal coupling electrode to radiator, described radiator to be configured to receive by described cooling device the heat of removing from described thermal coupling electrode.
15. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein said cooling device comprises:
Thermoelectric (al) cooler, it is operationally coupled to remove described heat from described thermal coupling electrode.
16. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein, described thermal coupling electrode is configured to by fluid cooling.
17. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein, described cooling device comprises heat pipe, this heat pipe is configured to receive heat via the evaporation of evaporimeter end from described flame, and exports the described heat from described flame via the condensation at condenser ends place.
18. electrode systems for burner according to claim 17, wherein, the wall of described heat pipe forms the conductive path of described electrode.
19. electrode systems for burner according to claim 17, wherein, described electrode and described heat pipe also comprise:
Electrical wiring post, it is configured to operationally be coupled to described contact conductor.
20. electrode systems for burner according to claim 17, wherein, described electrode and described heat pipe also comprise:
Electric insulation coating layer, its be configured to reduce or avoid being communicated with of the voltage that loads on described electrode and ground, with being communicated with of another voltage, or with receive and output to being communicated with of conduction cooling fluid that cooling fluid exports from cooling fluid inlet.
21. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein, the wall of described heat pipe comprises one or more smooth arc-shaped surfaces, and it is configured to reduce or avoid the arc discharge of charge concentration and the arc discharge to described flame or the described flame of process.
22. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein, described thermal coupling electrode also comprises:
Form electric conductor and the wall that defines fluid flowing passage; And
At least one hole forming in described wall;
Wherein, described fluid flowing passage is configured to transport cooling fluid from cooling fluid inlet to described hole, with from described wall to described cooling fluid transfer of heat, and heated cooling fluid is outputed to the burning gases that described flame or described flame produce.
23. electrode systems for burner according to claim 22, wherein, described electrode also comprises:
Electrical wiring post, it is configured to operationally be coupling between described conductive wall and described contact conductor.
24. electrode systems for burner according to claim 22, also comprise:
Be coupled to the electric insulation portion of described fluid flowing passage, its be configured to reduce or avoid being communicated with of the voltage that loads on described electrode and ground, with another voltage be communicated with or with being communicated with of the second cooling fluid conducting electricity.
25. electrode systems for burner according to claim 22, wherein, described wall comprises one or more smooth arc-shaped surfaces, it is configured to reduce or avoid the arc discharge of charge concentration and the arc discharge to described flame or the described flame of process.
26. electrode systems for burner according to claim 22, wherein, described wall also comprises:
Electric insulation coating, it forms at least a portion of described wall, to reduce or eliminate the electric current that flows to described cooling fluid.
27. electrode systems for burner according to claim 22, wherein, described cooling fluid comprises gas.
28. electrode systems for burner according to claim 27, wherein, described cooling fluid comprises air.
29. electrode systems for burner according to claim 28, wherein said hole formed combustion air port.
30. electrode systems for burner according to claim 22, wherein, described cooling fluid comprises liquid.
31. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, wherein said thermal coupling electrode also comprises:
Define the wall of electric conductor;
First fluid flow channel, it is formed in described wall, and is configured to transport the cooling fluid receiving; And
Second fluid flow channel, it is formed in described wall, and is configured to transport the cooling fluid of output.
32. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, wherein, described fluid flowing passage is configured to transport respectively described cooling fluid and exports from cooling fluid inlet port to cooling fluid at least a portion distance of the mobile distance of port; And
At least one of wherein said fluid flowing passage is configured to from described wall to described cooling fluid transfer of heat.
33. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, also comprise:
At least one accessory, it is configured to respectively described fluid flowing passage is coupled to described cooling fluid inlet port and described cooling fluid outlet port;
Wherein said accessory forms described cooling fluid inlet port and described cooling fluid outlet port.
34. electrode systems for burner according to claim 33, wherein said at least one accessory electric insulation in fact.
35. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, wherein said fluid flowing passage is coaxial; And comprise:
Define pipe or the integrally formed wall of described inner flow passage.
36. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, wherein said fluid flowing passage comprises the out-of-alignment inner chamber that walks abreast.
37. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, also comprise:
Electrical wiring post, its be configured to operationally be coupled described conductive wall and described contact conductor.
38. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, wherein said cooling fluid is nonconducting.
39. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 38, and wherein said cooling fluid comprises gas.
40. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 39, and wherein said cooling fluid comprises air or gaseous fuel.
41. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, wherein said cooling fluid is conduction or potential conduction.
42. electrode systems for burner according to claim 31, wherein said cooling fluid comprises liquid.
43. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 41, and wherein said cooling fluid comprises water.
44. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 41, and wherein said cooling fluid comprises liquid fuel.
45. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 41, and wherein said wall also comprises:
Electric insulation coating layer, it forms in the surperficial at least a portion of wall that defines described fluid flowing passage;
Wherein said electric insulation coating layer is configured to reduce or eliminate the electric current that flows to described cooling fluid.
46. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 45, and wherein said electric insulation coating layer comprises ceramic coating.
47. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 46, and wherein said electric insulation coating layer comprises the glass forming by crosslinked silane formation silicones this silicones of pyrolysis.
48. electrode systems for burner according to claim 1, also comprise:
Electricity isolation cooling fluid source, it is configured to provide cooling fluid to described thermal coupling electrode.
49. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 48, and wherein said electricity isolation cooling fluid source comprises:
Electric insulation case or electric insulation pond, it is configured to hold the cooling fluid of storage.
50. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 49, also comprises:
Electric isolate or electric insulation cooling fluid supply system, it is configured to transport described cooling fluid from the cooling fluid of described storage to cooling fluid inlet, and described cooling fluid inlet is operationally coupled to described thermal coupling electrode.
51. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 50, wherein said electricity isolation or electric insulation cooling fluid supply system comprise the pump or the electric separate pump that are configured to the electricity isolation of cooling fluid described in pumping.
52. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 50, and wherein said electricity is isolated or electric insulation cooling fluid supply system is configured to carry in response to thermal siphon described cooling fluid.
53. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 49, and wherein said electricity isolation cooling fluid source also comprises:
Reflux line, it is configured to return from described cooling fluid outlet port the cooling fluid of heating.
54. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 49, and wherein said electricity isolation cooling fluid source also comprises:
Cooling fluid supply department, it is configured to arrange and provide cooling fluid to arrive described electric insulation case or electric insulation pond through anti-siphon, described anti-siphon is arranged and is configured to avoid electrical conduction to arrive described fluid supply department.
55. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 54, and wherein said electricity isolation cooling fluid source also comprises:
Valve, it is configured to cause described cooling fluid to cross over described anti-siphon with the form of discontinuous flow to arrange and be supplied, thereby has avoided the electrical conduction from described cooling fluid container to described cooling fluid supply department.
56. according to the electrode system for burner described in claim 49, and wherein said electricity isolation cooling fluid source also comprises:
Secondary coolant case, it is configured to hold secondary coolant;
Wherein said secondary coolant is arranged to through described electric insulation case or electric insulation pond and receives heat from described cooling fluid container.
57. 1 kinds of methods for the electrode of the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame, comprising:
Flame or the burning gases using electric field being produced by described flame or jet band electron ion described in use electrode pair;
Cause the detected response in response to described electric field in described flame or described burning gases;
Use described electrode to receive the heat from described flame or described burning gases; And
Cooling described electrode is to remove from the described heat of described flame or the reception of described burning gases.
58. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, also comprises:
In described electrode, produce heat by Joule heating;
Wherein by most of heat of cooling removal corresponding to the heat receiving from described flame.
59. according to the method for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in claim 58, wherein by all in fact heats of cooling removal corresponding to the heat receiving from described flame.
60. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, also comprises:
Supply fuel and oxidant are to burner; And
Use described burner to support described flame.
61. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 60, also comprises:
By described fuels sources and ground or the voltage electrical isolation except the voltage corresponding to described electrode.
62. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, also comprises:
Use waveform generator to produce waveform;
Time variant voltage when described waveform is amplified to; And
Time variant voltage is applied to described electrode when described;
While being wherein applied to described electrode described, time variant voltage is corresponding to the described electric field that is applied to described flame or described burning gases; And
Wherein said waveform and to be applied to the amount of amplification of described waveform selected to cause described in described flame or described burning gases to detect response.
63. according to the method for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in claim 62, wherein said waveform and when described time variant voltage be selected as not causing the Joule heating of described electrode.
64. according to the method for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in claim 62, wherein said waveform and when described time variant voltage be selected as avoiding causing the arc discharge between described flame or other structure and described electrode; And
Wherein said waveform and when described time variant voltage do not cause induction or the impedance heated of described flame or described burning gases.
65. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 62, also comprises:
Use controller control to be operationally coupled to the cooling device of described electrode, described controller produces described waveform.
66. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, and wherein cooling described electrode comprises operation thermoelectric (al) cooler.
67. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, also comprises:
Provide at least one in the radiator of electricity isolation cooling fluid or electricity isolation to receive heat from described electrode;
Wherein cooling described electrode comprises to remove from the described heat of described flame or the reception of described burning gases: the radiator by described transfer of heat to described electricity isolation cooling fluid or electricity isolation.
68. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 67, wherein provides electricity isolation cooling fluid or radiator to comprise on-conductive gas is provided.
69. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 68, wherein provides described on-conductive gas to be included as described flame primary air or oxidant are provided; And
Wherein described transfer of heat is also comprised to described electricity isolation cooling fluid:
Before mixing with fuel or described flame, use from primary air or oxidant described in the heat preheating of described electrode removal.
70. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 68, wherein provides described on-conductive gas to be included as described flame combustion air or oxidant were provided; And
Wherein described transfer of heat is also comprised to described electricity isolation cooling fluid:
Use described in the heat preheating of described electrode removal and cross combustion air or oxidant; And
Also comprise:
Combustion air excessively or the oxidant of institute's preheating are injected in described flame or described burning gases.
71. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 70, wherein use to cross described in the described heat preheating of removing from described electrode and fire air or oxidant and comprise that one or more inner chambers through forming described electrode transmit and describedly cross combustion air or oxidant, and convection current ground receives described heat to described combustion air or the oxidant crossed from one or more walls of described one or more inner chambers; And
Wherein inject described preheated air or oxidant and comprise that to described flame or described burning gases the one or more holes that form through described electrode transmit from the air through Convective Heating of described one or more inner chambers or oxidant and enter described flame or described burning gases.
72. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 68, wherein provides described on-conductive gas to comprise atmospheric air is provided.
73. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 68, wherein described transfer of heat is also comprised to described electricity isolation cooling fluid:
Through fin, heat is transferred to described on-conductive gas from described radiator.
74. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 67, wherein provides electricity isolation cooling fluid or radiator to comprise non-electrically conductive liquid cooling agent is provided.
75. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 74, wherein provides non-electrically conductive liquid cooling agent to comprise liquid fuel is provided; And
Wherein described transfer of heat is comprised described transfer of heat is arrived to described liquid fuel with liquid fuel described in preheating to described electricity isolation cooling fluid; And
Also comprise:
The liquid fuel of institute's preheating is transported to burner; And
The liquid fuel of institute's preheating is supplied to described flame as fuel.
76. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 67, wherein provides electricity isolation cooling fluid or radiator also to comprise:
Conducting liquid cooling agent is provided; And
By described conducting liquid cooling agent and ground and the voltage electrical isolation except being applied to the voltage of described electrode.
77. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 76, wherein provides described conducting liquid fuel to comprise conducting liquid fuel, water or liquid metals are provided.
78. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 76, also comprises:
Heat is transferred to secondary coolant or radiator by non-conductive wall, heat exchanger or case from described conducting liquid cooling agent.
79. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 76, wherein provides the radiator of described electricity isolation cooling fluid or electricity isolation also to comprise:
Pumping is from the described conducting liquid cooling agent of electricity isolation coolant container and it is passed can be operatively coupled to the radiator of described electrode or through at least one fluid passage in described electrode; And
Wherein described in electrical isolation, conductor fluid cooling agent also comprises:
Pump is provided, described pump be electrical isolation or pump and pump drive motor electrical isolation.
80. according to the method for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in claim 76, wherein described conducting liquid cooling agent and ground and the voltage electrical isolation except being applied to the voltage of described electrode is also comprised:
Arrange and provide described conducting liquid cooling agent to container from cooling fluid supply department through anti-siphon, the electrical conduction of having avoided between described fluid supply department and described container is arranged in described anti-siphon.
81. methods for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in 0 according to Claim 8, wherein provide described conducting liquid cooling agent to comprise to described container through avoiding the anti-siphon of conduction to arrange from described cooling fluid supply department: regulate liquid coolant flow to arrange from anti-siphon described in the Continuous Flow bridge joint of described conducting liquid cooling agent avoiding.
82. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, also comprises:
Between described electrode and one or more cooling fluid circulation road, provide Electric insulator.
83. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, and wherein cooling described electrode comprises through described electrodes transfer cooling fluid to remove the heat receiving from described flame.
84. according to the method for the electrode for the cooling burning gases heat effect that is subject to flame or the generation of described flame described in claim 57, and wherein cooling described electrode comprises that to remove the heat receiving from described flame operation heat pipe is to remove heat from described electrode.
85. methods for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in 4 according to Claim 8, also comprise:
Heat is transferred to cooling fluid from described heat pipe.
86. methods for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in 5 according to Claim 8, wherein heat is transferred to described cooling fluid from described heat pipe and also comprise:
Transmit primary combustion oxidant, cross fire oxidant or fuel through the condenser portion of described heat pipe with primary combustion oxidant described in preheating, cross combustion oxidant or fuel.
87. methods for the cooling electrode that is subject to the burning gases heat effect that flame or described flame produces described in 5 according to Claim 8, also comprise:
In at least condenser portion of described heat pipe, provide electric insulation to avoid electrode voltage to be transmitted to the cooling fluid through described condenser.
CN201280070553.3A 2012-02-22 2012-12-29 Cooled electrode and burner system including a cooled electrode Pending CN104136849A (en)

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