CN1050043C - 药物颗粒 - Google Patents

药物颗粒 Download PDF

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CN1050043C
CN1050043C CN93121510A CN93121510A CN1050043C CN 1050043 C CN1050043 C CN 1050043C CN 93121510 A CN93121510 A CN 93121510A CN 93121510 A CN93121510 A CN 93121510A CN 1050043 C CN1050043 C CN 1050043C
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desogestrel
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CN1104487A (zh
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J·H·多普尔
C·J·M·范德文
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Merck Sharp and Dohme BV
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Akzo N
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Priority to US07/941,026 priority Critical patent/US5395627A/en
Priority to EP93203476A priority patent/EP0657161B1/en
Priority to DK93203476T priority patent/DK0657161T3/da
Priority to AT93203476T priority patent/ATE173918T1/de
Priority to DE69322396T priority patent/DE69322396T2/de
Priority to ES93203476T priority patent/ES2125300T3/es
Priority to FI935584A priority patent/FI111221B/fi
Priority to NO934584A priority patent/NO306928B1/no
Priority to NZ250443A priority patent/NZ250443A/en
Priority to ZA939337A priority patent/ZA939337B/xx
Priority to CA002111320A priority patent/CA2111320A1/en
Priority to AU52391/93A priority patent/AU672447B2/en
Priority to JP32229093A priority patent/JP3720385B2/ja
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Priority to CN93121510A priority patent/CN1050043C/zh
Priority to US08/366,348 priority patent/US5527543A/en
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Priority to GR990400353T priority patent/GR3029273T3/el
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/565Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
    • A61K31/568Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol substituted in positions 10 and 13 by a chain having at least one carbon atom, e.g. androstanes, e.g. testosterone
    • A61K31/569Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol substituted in positions 10 and 13 by a chain having at least one carbon atom, e.g. androstanes, e.g. testosterone substituted in position 17 alpha, e.g. ethisterone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/565Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol
    • A61K31/567Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids not substituted in position 17 beta by a carbon atom, e.g. estrane, estradiol substituted in position 17 alpha, e.g. mestranol, norethandrolone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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    • A61K31/575Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of three or more carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, ergosterol, sitosterol
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/167Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
    • A61K9/1676Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface having a drug-free core with discrete complete coating layer containing drug

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Abstract

本文说明制备颗粒的方法,其包括首先制得含稀释剂、粘合剂,和任选的崩解剂的载体。在另一容器中,甾体,润滑剂,任选抗氧剂溶于预热的有机溶媒。溶液加入到有载体的容器如真空混合器中,继续混匀,除去有机溶媒,搅拌制得颗粒。此过程可包括加入助流剂,如胶态SiO2。制备药物剂型颗粒特征在于它包括a)含稀释剂和粘合剂的载体;b)包衣载体的薄膜,该膜包括去氧孕烯及润滑剂,且在150mbar,70℃,放置约72小时,去氧孕烯含量可保留90%以上。

Description

药物颗粒
一般来说本发明涉及药物组合物,更具体地说涉及药物颗粒及制备它们的方法。
制备片剂和其他固体或干燥药物制剂的方法是众所周知的。例如在Gennaro等的标准原文Remington′s PharmaceuticalSciences,1633-1665页(18版,1980,Mack Publ.Co.of East-on,PA,U.S.A)(“Remington′s”)中描述了制备片剂,胶囊,丸剂和它们相关组分的方法。制备片剂的三种方法包括“湿法制粒”,“干法制粒”,和直接压片法。
湿法制粒包括称重组分(包括溶剂),将其混合,粒化、湿筛,干燥,干筛,润滑,然后把所得掺合物压成片剂。例如见比利时专利No.773,064。此方法一般得到适当均匀性的片剂。
虽然按这些方法制得的粒剂对很多药剂是足够的,但是它们对某些药剂和其应用并不完全合适(如对制备含低剂量强效力甾类化合物的片剂)。
人们发现某些甾类化合物如去氧孕烯从片剂上转移到局部周围环境。如果甾类化合物从片剂上转移不能被阻止,含在剂型中的甾类化合物量可能在相对短时间内下降到所述水平。
本发明中,一种简便、经济而非显而易见的新溶液可以解决这一问题。当甾类化合物和润滑剂溶于有机溶媒,可制备的颗粒表面的薄膜衣(或基质)中就有上述的甾类化合物及润滑剂。令人惊奇的是,薄膜衣阻止了甾体的转移。例如,当使用硬脂酸为润滑剂时,对去氧孕烯来说,被阻转移的结果极佳。这种新型(非转移型)颗粒的优点显而易见,并且这种颗粒可通过测定去氧孕烯从上述颗粒中的转移性质而容易从已有技术中常规颗粒区分。
此项发明还包括颗粒制备方法,这些颗粒在各种情形下,甚至极端条件时,能保留化合物如去氧孕烯。方法的第一步是将内含稀释剂、粘合剂和任选崩解剂的载体混合。载体可在混合器制备,或在其它容器中制备,然后再加入混合器中。另与含载体的容器分开的容器中,甾体、润滑剂及任选的抗氧剂溶于适宜的有机溶媒中。将制备好的溶液转入载体中或载体已不存在时加入到前述的混合器中。这样把载体和溶媒混合,有机溶媒可除去(例如通过蒸发),混合物料继续混合以形成载甾体的颗粒(即:颗粒中含甾体)。
除去有机溶媒之后,载甾体颗粒可与助流剂如胶态SiO2混合。
所制得的颗粒具有高度均一性,甾体化合物均匀分布于颗粒中。用颗粒压制的片剂难于分离;此方法也形成了非聚集型药物,它不必使用微粒化材料,是简便、经济的制粒方法。用此颗粒制成的片剂具有良好的溶出速率,整个方法相对易于放大。
各种甾体药物可用于此发明,最好用于本发明组合物和方法中的甾类化合物是雌激素类,孕激素类或两者混合物。它对于非极性甾体药物有特殊意义。
用于本发明孕激素类包括非极性孕激素,尤其优选的是去氧孕烯。
优选的雌激素类有:乙炔雌二醇、乙炔雌二醇-3-甲醚(mestranol)、17-α-乙炔雌二醇3-甲醚、乙基雌醇(ethyl estra-nol)及它具雌激素活性的药物。
按此发明制得的颗粒由a)有薄膜衣载体,最好,b)含稀释剂和粘合剂载体组成。薄膜衣至少由去氧孕烯和一种分布于载体上的润滑剂组成。这些颗粒,和用它们制成的药物剂型,可阻止药物从剂型中转移。例如这里所用的,“转移”包括药物提前释放的任何过程。
按本发明制得的含去氧孕烯的颗粒特征是当贮存于150mbar压力下,70℃,约72小时后,可保留多于90%,最好多于95%,甚至最好97%以上的去氧孕烯。
这种颗粒最好用于制备稳定的固体剂型,如片剂、囊剂、丸剂、糖锭剂或粉剂。包衣双凸片是目前最适宜的剂型。用含去氧孕烯的颗粒制得片剂具有在150mbar压力下,70℃,放置约72小时可保留90%以上,最好95%以上,甚至最好98%以上去氧孕烯的特征。
术语“剂型”和“药用剂型”一般是指适用于人或动物的单剂量自然离散形式,而每一个都含有为达到所需药效计算的预测量活性物质(如雌激素或孕激素)。这样剂型的例子是片剂、胶囊、粉剂和丸剂。
应用颗粒制备不同剂型的组合物和方法对于此技术领域的熟练人员是熟知的。例如,用颗粒压片、装囊、制丸的方法和组合物于Remington′s(P.1633-P.1665)被描述,包衣药物剂型的方法见此参考文献的P.1666-P.1675。
颗粒中和最后在剂型中的甾体浓度取决于甾体的效价、预期用途、及最后的剂型质量。用在剂型中甾类化合物量对本技术领域熟练人员将是周知的。
本发明典型的载体是含稀释剂和粘合剂的基本颗粒,最好载体也能有崩解剂。
加到剂型中稀释剂和“填充赋形剂”用来增加颗粒和所得剂型体积。这方面所用优选的稀释剂是乳糖,其它的稀释剂有:甘露糖醇、山梨醇、纤维素、木糖醇、右旋糖酐、果糖酐、磷酸钙、NaCaPO4、蔗糖及其混合物。一般稀释剂占载甾体颗粒重量的70%-95%。
粘合剂用于增进颗粒间的粘合作用,提高剂型物理稳定性,包括羟丙基纤维素、支链淀粉、淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、明胶及淀粉为主的粘合剂。用于本发明的优选粘合剂是Povidone(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)。一般粘合剂占载甾体颗粒重量的0.5%-5%。
崩解剂是加到片剂中给药后促进片剂裂解或崩解的化合物或混合物。常用有:改性或未改性的淀粉,粘土,交联PVP,改性或未改性的纤维素,树胶或藻酸铵。目前最优选崩解剂是玉米淀粉、土豆淀粉及小麦淀粉。崩解剂用量一般占所得颗粒重量的5%-50%,最好5%-15%。
载体可在混合器中制备,这样能避免不必要的步骤,如将载体转入到混合器中,也可防止可能的浪费。然而,载体最好能在流化床粒化器内制备,而后再转入到混合器中以备载药。
本发明所用混合器很容易买到,它能将含甾类化合物的有机溶媒和干组分混合均匀。与外部环境隔绝的真空混合器,溶媒不挥发到空气中,有利于工人安全及环境保护,且溶媒可回收再利用。真空混合器带有加热套和真空连接,除此之外,和普通混合器大致相同。真空混合过程缩短了干燥时间、降低了干燥温度,排除了混合过程的氧,这对于对氧及热敏感的药物极为有利。
加入载体中的“湿”部分最好由溶于有机溶媒中的甾体、抗氧剂、及润滑剂组成。
润滑剂可提高片剂粒化的流动性,防止片剂材料对冲模及冲床表面的粘附,减少颗粒间摩擦,促进片剂从模孔中推出。常用的润滑剂有:滑石粉、长链脂肪酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸、硬脂酸钙、聚乙二醇、棕榈酸、及氢化植物油。目前本发明所用最优选的润滑剂是硬脂酸,或化学修饰脂肪酸如棕榈酸。润滑剂用量占载药颗粒重量的0.25%-3%。
本发明所用有机溶媒最好是在真空混合物内压力下具有足够低沸点的溶剂,以便在此过程中蒸出。这些溶剂包括丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙醇、甲醇、异丙醇、及其混合物。粘合剂不一定要较好地溶解在有机溶媒中。
需有足够量的有机溶媒以溶解甾类化合物、润滑剂及抗氧剂,同时又能在不破坏流动性的条件下润湿载体。因此,此方法中所用有机溶媒的用量取决于特定溶剂中特定甾类化合物的效价和溶解度、溶剂中其它组分的溶解度、载体被润湿的量。一般有机溶媒占溶液和载体总重量的5%-20%。
有机溶媒最好预热到低于其沸点的温度。预热可加快溶剂中润滑剂、抗氧剂及甾体的溶解速率;可使组分更好地分散于载体中;且利于溶媒从颗粒中除去。对于含甾体和润滑剂的溶剂,最好在其转入到混合器过程中也持续预热。
在加入润湿剂之前,载体也可预热以缩短蒸发溶媒所需时间。
除去溶媒之后,助流剂最好与载药颗粒混合。助流剂(如胶态SiO2)作用是防止颗粒结块。一般助流剂占混合物料重约0.1%-3%。
可以考虑使用其它常用添加剂或“其它辅料”,如着色剂、稳定剂、抗氧剂。稳定剂如EDTA,聚乙二醇(PEG)及丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT),如需要也可加入,尽管这不被要求。目前本发明最优选的抗氧剂是dl-α生育酚。其它医用试剂(如17β-雌二醇)也可用于组合物中。
用本技术领域熟练人员公知的方法,然后把颗粒片剂化或胶囊化。用此发明颗粒制备的片剂,与按先有技术制备的含去氧孕烯片剂相比,相当少的去氧孕烯从片剂中转移。
通过参考下面实施例进一步解释本发明:
实施例I剂型(片剂)含:
赋型剂:去氧孕烯        150μgEE              30μgPVP             2.4mg硬脂酸          0.8mg玉米淀粉        6.5mgSiO2           0.8mgdl-α-生育酚    0.08mg乳糖(100M)      67.74mg
按下面方法制备:
首先制备载体,然后制备片剂。向真空混合器中加入4880g载体组分(87%乳糖,10%玉米淀粉,3%PVP)。将组分混合然后加热到35℃。在另一个容器中,把去氧孕烯(11..54g),乙炔雌乙醇(2.31g),硬脂酸(50.0g),dl-α-生育酚(6.17g)溶于350ml丙酮中,预热到45℃,然后此溶液在真空混合器(100mbar)中与载体混合,含丙酮溶液容器用丙酮冲洗,洗涤液亦转移到混合器中。搅拌混合物10分钟,加热到45℃,与加热套47℃相对应。停止混合,混合物冷却到15℃,真空逐渐调到低于25mbar,温度再升至45℃,同时继续搅拌以蒸发丙酮。混合物不加热情况下搅拌。
50g胺体SiO2加入到混合器中。
混合(min) 位置(position) 搅速(rpm)     方向
    10.510.5   90°约120°90°约45°     约14约14约14约14     左左右右
混合物在旋转压机上压成双凸片,片剂重量调至65mg/片。
实施例II
与实施例I的颗粒或片剂相比,下面片剂每个含有:去氧孕烯(微粉化)                150μgEE(微粉化)                      30μg淀粉1,2-乙二醇钠               1.2mg胶体SiO2                       0.9mg硬脂酸镁                        0.3mg喷雾干燥乳糖                    60.0mg(Pharmatose DCL-11)qsad片剂制备:将去氧孕烯和EE按适宜比例与乳糖(喷雾干燥)干燥混合3分钟。其它组份接着混入混合物,混合5分钟。然后把混合物直接压片。
片剂经受不同的条件,而药物自颗粒或片子的转移可以测得,结果如下:A.从剂型中的转移:
主体     保留百分比(重量)
实施例I颗粒片剂实施例II颗粒片剂 97986787
条件:150mbar压力,70℃,贮存72小时。B.向包封材料的转移
实施例II及实施例I片剂用下面包衣:羟丙基甲基纤维素E15     0.75mgPEG400                  0.15mg滑石粉                  0.19mg二氧化钛                0.11mg去离子水           到15μl
两种片剂均用PVC/铝箔包装,置于同等实验条件下进行试验,检测去氧孕烯从包衣片剂到包装材料中转移的程度。
于32℃,pH(相对湿度)70%,按实施例I制得的片剂放置19个月后,其甾体药物转移到周围PVC材料上的量小于总量的0.5%;与此相比较,按实施例II制得的片剂,于37℃,环境相对湿度下,放置在6个月,药物转移量达12.4%;37℃相对湿度95%时,6个月后,转移量可达16.2%。令人惊奇的是,甚至剂型的包衣未阻止去氧孕烯的转移。
实施例III.含量均一性
在按实施例I制各的片剂中,其去氧孕烯和EE的含量均一性被测定,表明相对标准偏差约为1%(0.5-1.5%),表明全部片剂中甾体含量极好的一致性。
实施例IV.离解稳定性
按实施例I制得的颗粒过以下筛:-0、75、90、150、300及500μm。测定不同粒径范围中活性组分含量,按重量并以百分比表示。用以下公式计算样品分开势(demixing potehntial)(DP%): DP % = 100 p - [ Σ i = 1 n w i 100 ( p i - p - ) 2 ] 1 2 其中Pi是在筛分i中药重量Wi与混合物的重量百分比。平均含量由下式测定: p - = Σ i = 1 n p i * w i Σ i = 1 n w i
乙炔雌二醇(EE)和去氧孕烯的计算分开势分别为8.17%和8.42%,都远低于安全限10%,表明了不易分离的良好稳定性,同时也说明了实施例III中含量的高度均一性。
实施例V
通过把实施例I的“赋形剂”部分并入胶囊中来制备胶囊。

Claims (8)

1.制备载甾体颗粒的方法,其特征包括:
a)将一种甾体药物和润滑剂溶于足够的有机溶媒中形成溶液;
b)将溶液和带有稀释剂、粘合剂的载体混合,形成混合物;和
c)从混合物中除去有机溶媒同时搅拌混合物制成颗粒。
2.按权利要求1中方法,其中所述的有机溶媒在真空混合器中除去。
3.按权利要求1或2中的方法,其中所提到的甾体为去氧孕烯。
4.按权利要求1-3中任一个的方法,其中所提到的润滑剂为硬脂酸。
5.制备药用剂型的颗粒,其可由权利要求I方法得到,其特征在于它含有包括甾体和润滑剂的薄膜衣。
6.权利要求5中的颗粒,特征是其内含去氧孕烯及硬脂酸,而且,在150mbar压力下,70℃,放置约72小时后,去氧孕烯含量保留90%以上。
7.权利要求5或6中的颗粒,特征包括:
a)载体包括乳糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,崩解剂;和
b)薄膜包衣该载体,该膜包含去氧孕烯和硬脂酸。
8.片剂,特征是其包括权利要求5-7中任一个的颗粒。
CN93121510A 1992-09-04 1993-12-29 药物颗粒 Expired - Lifetime CN1050043C (zh)

Priority Applications (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/941,026 US5395627A (en) 1992-09-04 1992-09-04 Pharmaceutical granulate
DK93203476T DK0657161T3 (da) 1992-09-04 1993-12-10 Farmaceutisk granulat indeholdende steroider
AT93203476T ATE173918T1 (de) 1992-09-04 1993-12-10 Steroide enthaltende pharmazeutische granulate
DE69322396T DE69322396T2 (de) 1992-09-04 1993-12-10 Steroide enthaltende pharmazeutische Granulate
ES93203476T ES2125300T3 (es) 1992-09-04 1993-12-10 Granulados farmaceuticos que contienen esteroides.
EP93203476A EP0657161B1 (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-10 Pharmaceutical granulate containing steroids
NZ250443A NZ250443A (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Preparation of film coated, steroid-loaded granules
NO934584A NO306928B1 (no) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av steroidholdige granuler, samt granuler og tablett
FI935584A FI111221B (fi) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Menetelmä farmaseuttisten rakeiden valmistamiseksi
ZA939337A ZA939337B (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Pharmaceutical granulate
CA002111320A CA2111320A1 (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Pharmaceutical granulate
AU52391/93A AU672447B2 (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-14 Pharmaceutical granulate
JP32229093A JP3720385B2 (ja) 1992-09-04 1993-12-21 医薬顆粒
CN93121510A CN1050043C (zh) 1992-09-04 1993-12-29 药物颗粒
US08/366,348 US5527543A (en) 1992-09-04 1994-12-29 Pharmaceutical granulate
GR990400353T GR3029273T3 (en) 1992-09-04 1999-02-03 Pharmaceutical granulate containing steroids.

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/941,026 US5395627A (en) 1992-09-04 1992-09-04 Pharmaceutical granulate
EP93203476A EP0657161B1 (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-10 Pharmaceutical granulate containing steroids
ZA939337A ZA939337B (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Pharmaceutical granulate
NO934584A NO306928B1 (no) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av steroidholdige granuler, samt granuler og tablett
NZ250443A NZ250443A (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Preparation of film coated, steroid-loaded granules
FI935584A FI111221B (fi) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Menetelmä farmaseuttisten rakeiden valmistamiseksi
CA002111320A CA2111320A1 (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-13 Pharmaceutical granulate
AU52391/93A AU672447B2 (en) 1992-09-04 1993-12-14 Pharmaceutical granulate
JP32229093A JP3720385B2 (ja) 1992-09-04 1993-12-21 医薬顆粒
CN93121510A CN1050043C (zh) 1992-09-04 1993-12-29 药物颗粒

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ZA939337B (en) 1994-10-13
NO934584D0 (no) 1993-12-13
CA2111320A1 (en) 1995-06-14
NO934584L (no) 1995-06-14
NO306928B1 (no) 2000-01-17
US5527543A (en) 1996-06-18
CN1104487A (zh) 1995-07-05
DK0657161T3 (da) 1999-08-16
DE69322396T2 (de) 1999-07-29
EP0657161A1 (en) 1995-06-14
ATE173918T1 (de) 1998-12-15
EP0657161B1 (en) 1998-12-02
JPH07196513A (ja) 1995-08-01
NZ250443A (en) 1995-07-26
ES2125300T3 (es) 1999-03-01
GR3029273T3 (en) 1999-05-28
JP3720385B2 (ja) 2005-11-24
FI935584A0 (fi) 1993-12-13
US5395627A (en) 1995-03-07

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