CN1054479C - 接头封闭物的微波粘接方法和物品 - Google Patents

接头封闭物的微波粘接方法和物品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1054479C
CN1054479C CN92113658A CN92113658A CN1054479C CN 1054479 C CN1054479 C CN 1054479C CN 92113658 A CN92113658 A CN 92113658A CN 92113658 A CN92113658 A CN 92113658A CN 1054479 C CN1054479 C CN 1054479C
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closure
cable
thermoplastic material
cbm
susceptance
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CN92113658A
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CN1072802A (zh
Inventor
克瑞格·S·查波雷恩
达勒·D·揣斯勒
布瑞讷·J·菲施
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G1/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines
    • H02G1/14—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining, repairing or dismantling electric cables or lines for joining or terminating cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1477—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/148—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier placed at the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/34—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging foodstuffs or other articles intended to be cooked or heated within the package
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

热塑封闭物微波粘接方法及物件，与电信电缆编接头一样，此物件是一种具有热塑母体材料CBM，该母体易与封闭物的热塑材料混合而且大多数微波电纳粒子都会散透母体。由CBM形成的条状物可适于封闭物的密封边缘。足量的微波能源加在电纳上加热引起CBM母体和封闭物邻近部分的熔融在一起，产生熔融粘接密封封闭物。若封闭物用于具有内部传导层或护套的电缆，则用第二个CBM对此密封，它具有磁活动电纳。

Description

接头封闭物的微波粘接方法和物品
本申请是现已放弃的1990年9月26日被搁置的美国专利申请第07/588,591的延续，而上述美国专利申请是1989年4月7日美国专利申请第07/335,044的接续。
本发明涉及用以连接构造部件的方法和装置，具体涉及诸如用以保护电力或电信电线的电气接头熔融粘接的方法和物品。
诸如用于电信和供电的那些电缆在其韧性铠带或管状铠装套内经常带有上百对具有绝缘保护的电线。当二条或多条电缆尾端要连接在一起时，例如当要延长电缆而用抽头接入一条现存的电缆或修理一条切断的电缆时，一个接头或编接区便产生了。不管这电缆是否是架空的还是埋藏的，通常必须提供一个用于这样的接头的封闭物以便保护这个接头免受有害环境的污染。
在使用接头封闭物时的一个存续性的问题牵涉到对环绕该接头的完全密封的需求。大部份先有技术的接头封闭物实现密封是借助提供一个具有螺帽、螺钉、螺丝钳、垫圈及热收缩(热电的)管类物的复合排列和将凝胶和树脂装入壶内而形成的各式各样混合物。除了这些事实外，这些封闭的方法需要明显的装配时间，而且封闭物还经常遇到沿着密封漏电或破裂。对于电缆护套(电缆最外边的保护层)外层的密封，上述问题是较尖锐的，护套那里即使是最少许的缺点都可能导致水份沿着护套或外层内侧的表面移动。因为诸如热收缩管状物所提供给电缆护套最多也不过仅是一个脆弱、胶着的搭接，即使经常使用此类热收缩管状物，此水份前进至编接区反倒在其中形成电的连接。在接头外层封闭物结构上热收缩管状物的使用还限制用一开着的火焰，因为在很多场合(例如在壕沟或人孔中)编接头由于暴露的瓦斯的可能存在，开着的火焰可能是非常危险的。
密封漏出量可以被多少降低是因使用專门设计的封闭物，像被称为蛤壳式设计那样的封闭物包括与该封闭物的顶部和底部(各半)一起铸模的一个枢轴。这种标准的封闭物外层在美国专利4,810,829中已有描述。又被称为SLIC编接头外层封闭层(SLiC是明尼苏达矿业兴制造公司的商标)。但是，水份仍然可能沿着此类外层封闭物的纵向密封处和在电缆护套尾端的帽状的东西或密封件移动。缺少完整热密封亦会对加压的外层封闭物特别有害。虽然这些密封可借由粘着物的使用可以加强，但因外层的材料(亦即聚乙烯)的粘着性接合的形成仍很微弱。美国专利3,143,364讨论到将任何物品和聚乙烯密切地接合是最大的困难。因此，发明一种能够处置简化接合编接头外层封闭物过程的方法且产生改良的密封外层封闭物是令人想往和有益的，为此改进保护可避免环境的影响。
借助应用一条能用微波加热的条状物，它是由混合粘接材料制做的，将其施加在接头封闭物的边缘和/或尾部密封物上，和把微波能量施加在这材料上，形成一种热塑聚合体，前述的目的就是用这种粘接编接头封闭物的方法来实现的。这种混合的粘接材料(CBM)包含有：(1)一个热塑聚合物母体(matrix)，易与外层封闭物的聚合的材料相混合，最好还易与电缆护套的材料相混合，还最好是与该封闭物及电缆护套的材料相同的材料。(2)遍布CBM母体(matrix)的微波电纳(susceptor)粒子。
这CBM可依据密封边缘和尾端的尺寸及形状形成薄条状物而且提前放置在外层封闭物上的密封处。类似的CBM护套或条状物可以用于修补电缆中间破裂部份或修理现已产生破裂的外层封闭物。类似地，适当使用这种熔融粘接技术就会得到接头外层封闭物的热密封。
请参阅以下附图将会更加了解本发明的新颖特性和范围：
图1示出本发明的一种混合粘接材料的放大正视图。
图2示出本发明的方法密封的SLiC牌架空的外层封闭物的透视图。
图3示出SLiC牌封闭物的一个尾端的侧面正视图。
图4示出依据本发明的方法运用蛤壳式微波施加器密封一个编接头外层封闭物。
图5示出螺旋形密封外层封闭物的横截面。
图6示出另一种接头外层封闭物和微波施加器的透视图。
请参阅上述附图，特别是图1，该图描绘了本发明的CBM材料的一个条状物10。CBM通常是由多个电纳(susceptor)粒子11组成，而这些电纳粒子是由上具有一层或多层敷层13的衬底形成的，之后这些粒子11会被分散在母体(matrix)14中。在前述的第07/588,591号申请中发现关于各种电纳粒子和母体材料其他细节，上述资料列在这里可供参考。已公开的母体材料包含硅、硅橡胶和热融粉。已公开的电纳衬底包含玻璃、云母、陶瓷、聚合物和粘着物，这些皆能够接收和支承一个薄的、连续的、导电的或半导电性膜的敷层。已公开的衬底敷层包含导电性的和半导电的材料，这些材料具有范围在10-6到107欧姆一厘米的电阻系数，而且最好得到电纳粒子有高幂电阻系数在10-2到108欧姆一厘米范围。较好的敷层材料包括钨、锆、铜、铁、钛、铬、银、钼和铝以及金属氧化物、氮化物、碳化物、硅化物、硼化物和磷化物。敷层的厚度以介于1-100埃之间最为合宜。电纳粒子的敷层可以使用和已并入美国专利4,618,525，该文描述与之相同技术即真空镀膜和阴极溅散或真空被覆技术。
本发明主要是集中在粘接热塑封闭物的目标的CBM的使用，最初那些曾用于保护电信电缆的接头。“连接”和“粘接”用语的使用，在此不仅意旨密封一个新的接头外层封闭物，而且还指修补一个旧的外层封闭物或电缆中间部位的破裂。
现请参阅图2和图3，图中示出3M公司SLiC商标作销售的接头封闭物20的一个例子可以用来封闭本发明的物品。外层封闭物20设计为蛤壳式，也就是说，它有几乎相同的上半部分22和下半部分24，而且用纵向的枢轴铰链将二者连接在一块，铰链与这上半部22及下半部分24整体铸模。有关这种特别设计的其他细节可在美国专利4,810,829发现。外层封闭物20可以用任何持续性好的材料制成，但是大部份的外层封闭物都用可热成型的聚合物，像是聚烯烃和聚乙烯所制成。
外层封闭物20用来保护一条或多条电缆28和30的接头，而且借助多个锁合钳32在上半部份22上被纵向密封住，锁合钳32会安全地在下半部份24上的多个相应放置的法兰34周围牢固配合。顶帽36用来电缆护套周围密封接头的端部，而且可以适当地保持在沿着外层封闭物20每个尾端的内壁形成环状的凹槽38内。在SLiC的设计中，大多数以减少厚度的图路径完整地成形且界定的同中心环状物是被用于形成适当直径的孔以便调节电缆28、30。
本发明的CBM可以借助提供多个条状物、套管或垫圈来密封不同的外层，而且绝对沿着每一个分界面来加以密封。例如，外层封闭物20借着提供CBM条状物42沿着顶端和尾端分界面形成的搁板可以作纵向密封。为作附加的保护，第二个条状物44可被放在介于邻近铰链26一半的适当位置。以其他条状物或套管围住顶部36周围则尾端顶部36即密封住外层封闭物20。借助提供在电缆和环状物40形成的孔之间相似(但较小)的套管，顶部36可以密封住电缆护套：环状物40可以随意地形成CBM。全部CBM的条状物、套管、等等在工厂皆可提供在锁合适当的表面以便更进一步地简化密封的过程。
连接操作完毕后，外层封闭物即被固定，微波能量就可施加在这组合件上，使CBM中的电纳粒子快速地加热。这就使得与CBM相邻的封闭物的热塑材料的温度上升到熔融点，导致它与CBM熔融。一旦微波停止施加后，CBM冷却而且在外层封闭物相邻近的表面间形成熔融粘接。各种先有技术的微波施加器可用于加热CBM，图4示出体现蛤壳式设计的最佳施加器。这个设计包括一个电源46，与微波源或发生器48相连接，微波源48固定在施加器的上半部分50上。上半部50枢轴式与下半部52连接，但这两半部包括用以支撑电缆和将微波辐射漏出减到最低的延长物54。这施加器最好用和加州Modesto所属Gerling实验室所出售的型号GL137R相似的电源。封闭物内的接头由诸如铜屏蔽或铝带的金属铠装所隐蔽，以防止微波场不致在任何暴露的金属线上引起任何的电压。不然的话，连接头会产生电弧，金属线会很快加热或能会导致电信线路上的数据丢失。
在本方法的测试中，发现用于将端帽粘接到电缆上的CBM密封环不能提供足以使“电缆护套熔融以便完全熔合粘接的”热量。这现象的发生是因为导电层例如：铝护套的存在，导电层通常在邻近护套内那里，乃是用于保护电信电缆避免包围的电磁干扰。本领域的人士感谢由于传导的屏蔽，使微波幅射的振幅直接到这区域已减少，而实在地，在保护物表面E区的振幅一定要是零。另人满意的是，在CBM原料中含有附加的或替代性的电纳材料，被用作密封该封闭物于电缆护套上，这样的电纳材料对微波H场将更活泼。然而只有某些材质对磁活动性加热(例如：磁滞加热)具有必要的高频响应。例如现已发现磁性的无应力钢被覆粒子对此不适合。满意的电纳材料包括亚铁体和镍粉。
某些非结晶质磁性的粒子亦被发现是可以接受的。特别是由3M生活科学部门研究实验室所研制的粒子。这些粒子可用公式来加以描述，这里的F(一个强磁性的份子)是选自包含铁、钴、镍等组合的一个或多个分子；Tm(一个转变的金属)是选自包含钛、钒、铬、锰、锆、铌和钽等组合的一个或多个分子；Me(一个像金属的分子)则是选自硼、碳、铝、硅、含磷的和锗等组合的一个或多个分子，而且x要大于等于零，小于20；y则要大于等于10，小于等于30。这些材质由于快速地骤冷技术，例如：熔化旋转被预备，而最好地维持百分之六十非结晶质的状态。这些非结晶质磁性的粒子之最佳尺寸是介于0.1微米至300微米之间。这些粒子在亦被并入参考的美国商标申请第07/-(和本申请同时地申请)被完全地揭露。
本发明的CBM和方法可以非常容易地提供其他封闭物设计。例如：图5横截面所揭示之成螺旋形遮蔽封闭物设计56有一个由热塑材质单接合形成的壁。封闭物56借助提供一个位于封闭物重叠部位的条状物来密封。接头封闭物和微波施加器的设计揭示于图6。接头外层封闭物60的结构具有二个本质上相同的半边62，每一个半边通常地有具备尖端细的尾端、纵的凸缘或异状的部份64之半圆横截面。一个CBM的条状物被提供在位于外层60任何一面的凸缘64之间，而且自外层60的中央轴呈放射状延长。微波施加器包括一个类似上述的动力源，但有一个通常是U型的导波管66，它有一细长的孔68沿着度端弧形的部份宽得足以接受凸缘64。如此凸缘64可以被嵌进细长的孔68。这样的结构将会有避掉微波辐射进入全部的编接区域的利益，还可以偶然地加热在连接中不同的成分和配线。尾端顶部亦同样使用外层60的结构。
这些上述的方法亦曾运用于使不同的附属品，例如架空式接头盒，附上连接外层封闭物。这提供物理的附属品不具标准螺丝钳的使用及其他等等，而且更进一步地使整个装配件能够防水。一个CBM的条状物亦被用修理一个既存的编接外层或电缆护套的一个裂痕。
这种技术实现了超越现有技术的接合方法和材质的许多好处。首先，它比需要螺丝钳、垫圈、凝胶、树脂等的外层更为简单且不浪费时间，假如在处理过程中引起不完全的接合，技术人员可以简单地再贯注微波施加器去再加热接合点即提供一个更完整的密封。这样的密封清楚地提供一个比粘着物更强的接合，因为CBM已物理性地熔解材质在外层和电缆护套中。因为加热是直接集中在联结器和导管之间的分界面上，因而亦会比其他熔解接合技术少动力的消耗，同时如此之加热更进一步地预防因为过度加热而致使多数外层或电缆的歪曲。本发明的技术亦胜过热收缩材质的使用，因为由CBM所形成的接密闭不易为水份移动所渗透，而且也不需像热收缩管一样开火焰。微波施加器也可以在过程中自动操作以除去大部份有技术变异性者。
依据使用的意图，由CBM所形成的薄板或条状物的粒子体积将有相当地改变。例如：很清楚，条状物的长度和宽度必须大约等于外层封闭物的密封边缘的长度和宽度，而且围绕尾端顶帽和电缆封套管的圆周必须分别地稍大于尾端顶帽和电缆套管。但依此特别的施加和加热及接合必需的等级，CBM材质的厚度可在大约0.1到10毫米之间改变。
在此，对预期特别的运用(例如：聚乙烯连接锁合的密封)，CBM最佳的成份是一个中间浓度的聚乙烯母体外加10％由含钨和铝氧化物之被覆成型的玻璃织维所形成的电纳粒子。电纳的衬底可以是聚乙烯珠粒，那可更进一步降低在接合点污染(例如：聚烯烃的材质)的数量。对锁合到电缆护套的密封，CBM最好是由中间浓度聚乙烯外10％数量亚铁粉或非结晶质磁性粒子的母体所造成。此母体应和外层的材质易于混合。关于这一点，所谓“易于混合”是说能够被溶解或被混合在分界面的表面，而不需要渗透入外层壁或电缆护套的全部深度。
参阅以下的范例，CBM的另一种组份对本领域中那些技术人员是显而易见的。在这些范例中，所使用的玻璃纤维是739-DD1/16英寸来自俄亥俄州Toledo的Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp。所使用的云母薄片则是SUZORITETM200HK来自马利兰州HuntValley的Marietta Resources International，Ltd。固体的电纳粒子亦被使用且自着各的来源获得。或借助带有想要的母体材质14之混合电纳粒子和热加压这混合的材质入一张薄的薄板或条状物，或者借由集中混合的推出入以下范例2所描述之薄的薄片，CBM就被生产了。这些CBM嵌入物的厚度定0.1毫米。
在使用的成份被焊接后，本发明之CBM被在二个微波烤箱之一所产生的微波能量加热。此二烤箱分别是1)Ammana RC/20SE，2)Raytheon RADARLINETM型号：QMR2101A-6。Ammana被操作在2KW。Raytheon如记在特别范例般被操作在3或6KW。
参阅特别范例，装配零件的组合如下：
(1)断面对3M LSiC护套保持架空式的外层之纵中心线切成直角，外层在一表面沿着纵线产生一圆柱状的目标，而且在相反地对立的表面打开如蛤壳式。二个尺寸分别是2-19SR和3-33SR。断面或是大约6英寸到10英寸长或是外层的一半。CBM适用于外层一半那最后的线。
(2)从SLiC外层的表面切割下之条状物长1英寸、宽4英寸、厚0.1英寸(正符合外层壁面厚度)。这些借由在条状物之间放置一片1英寸方形的CBM来焊接和用1英寸重叠。
(3)一个SLiC外层或如上述(1)所叙述之尾端部份。一个圆盘正适用于外层之开端，外层自1/2英寸厚的HDPE薄片(F类弹性树脂)形成而且维持洞孔穿越嵌入聚乙烯护套的，铝护套的多重引导电视通讯电缆的长度。
如特别范例所述，不同类型的CBM可被使用在外层一半的交界表面之间，外层和HDPE圆盘的尾端之间，以及在HDPE圆盘和电缆护套之间。“LDPE”意即指低浓度聚乙烯(浓度(D)0.910到0.925g/cm3，而“MDPE”意指中浓度聚合烯(浓度(D)＝0.926到0.940g/cm3，而“HDPE”则意指高浓度聚乙烯(浓度(D)＝0.910到0.925g/cm3)。
例1-含有亚铁盐粉的LDPE：
在HDPE圆盘的洞孔和组成一线状的LDPE之CBM被用线划分。LDPE乃Uinion Garbide所售的HS-7064混合10％来自田纳西州Chattanooga的O.M.Staward Manufactaring Co.之亚铁盐粉，编号72802，且干燥混合这部份和热加压入一薄的薄片约0.015英寸厚。一个0.75英寸的多重引导电视通讯电缆被嵌入用线划分的洞孔。这装配零件被放入2KW的RC/20SE微波烤箱约1分钟。二个部份安全地接合在一起。视力检查揭示CBM和电缆护套的熔接生产量。
例2-带有非结晶质磁性粒子的LDPE和带有被覆云母薄膜的HDPE：
例1的直线的LDPE和10％前述的非结晶质磁性粒子干燥混合，而且热压入一个薄的薄片约0.11英寸厚。这材质的双层曾在HDPE的圆盘用线划分一个洞孔而且电视通讯电缆被嵌入这洞孔。云母薄膜用一十亿分之一公尺的钨被覆且用十亿分之一点六公尺的铝低值氧化物重新被覆。一个Dow8054之HDPE由9.6％使用一个2英寸Baker Perkins共同循环双螺丝钉推出器的被覆云母所组合。聚合体被导入使用一个K-TronT-35输电线的推出器。一个20cc Zenith流通聚全体传动帮浦被用于发展必的压力以便迫使混合物通过一个具有打开约0.020英寸铸模的标准6英寸罩唇式铸模。这挤出的材质然后会被导入一个因为避免铁的滚动且更受轻的水冰冻的橡圈滚轴所形成的0。标准的幅板把手设备被用于捲起材质在紧线器滚轴上。这材质被用于在自一个尺寸3-33SR的3MSLiC外层所切下来10英寸尾端部份的对半交界之间。重要的装配零件，全部交界的表面都要用肥皂和水清洗，而电缆的表面也需用沙皮纸加以弄粗。装配零件放置在2KW的微波烤箱约一分半钟。在全部交界的表面，装置配件都成功地接合在一起。
例3-附有非结晶质性粒子的LDPE：
两层含10％非结晶质磁性粒子之线性LDPE CBM经常用来在HDPE的圆盘上划个洞孔。一个直径四分之三英寸(3/4″)的多重引导电视通讯电缆可以很轻松地穿过洞孔。装置配件于置在2KW的微波烤处约一分钟。视力检查揭示圆盘到电视护套获得完整的熔解接合。
例4-附有涂上云母薄片的HDPE：
云母薄膜用一十亿分之一公尺的钨被覆且用十亿分之一点六公尺的铝低值氧化物重新被覆。一个Dow8054之HDE使用和例2相同的推出过程，乃由9.6％云母薄膜所组成。所得薄膜厚度大约0.020英寸。把两层放在从SLIC外层切割下来，大小3-33SR，的交界表面。把装置配件放入2KW微波烤箱3分钟，可以清楚检视到CBM材质的熔解接合和产量。没有破环这部份欲用任何力量不可能分开外层的二部份。
例5-附有涂上云母薄膜的LDPE，附有涂上云母薄膜的HDPE和附有非结晶质磁性粒子的LDPE：
尺寸为2-19SR的SLiC外层，运用例4所述之CBM双层薄膜，在半锁合交界表面之间装置。例2中JDPE尾端圆盘是利用下述CBM材质。把0.037英寸厚CBM单层嵌入圆盘和外层之间，这CBM是用前述之加压方法所制且例1中之线性LDPE混合有15％被覆一十亿分之一公尺的钨和用十亿分之一点六公尺的铝低值氧化物重新被覆的云母薄膜。例2中所描述具有非结晶质磁性粒子的LDPE组合成的单体CBM放在电缆护套和圆盘之间。这样的装置配件放在6KW微波烤箱3分钟。这装置配件显示CVM所在之处全被接合。视力检测可看出CBM和外层材质的熔解量。
例6-附有涂上云母薄膜的HDPE：
云母薄膜涂上十亿分之五点七公尺的不锈钢。线性LDPE混合有15％以加压法涂上之云母薄膜。CBM厚度大约0.037英寸。把二块电缆护材质在1平方英寸重叠区域放在一起而用一片一平方英寸的CBM分开。把装置配件放在2KW烤箱30秒。装置配件会熔解接合在一起。
例7-附有涂上云母薄膜的HDPE，附有涂上玻璃纤维的MDPE以及附有亚铁体粉的LDPE：
尺寸为2-19SR的SLiC外套是由HDPE尾端圆盘和例3中所述电视通讯电缆一部份所组成，此二元素皆使用以下CBM材质。在列4中所述之被覆云母和JDPE混合组成之CBM在半外层交界表面被提出。借由有54％被覆7.3十亿分之一的钨的用十亿分之一点五的铝低值氧化物重新被覆的玻璃纤维的加压方法混合自chevron所售出930IT MDPE组成的CBM放置在圆盘和外层之间。在例1中所述由含有亚铁盐粉的LDE之CBM放在圆盘和电缆护套之间。装置配件放入6KW微波烤箱3分钟。视力检测可以看出全部在面部的表面都熔解接合在一起。这装置配件可加压至20psi仍不会漏电。
例8-附有涂上玻璃纤维的MDPE：
MDE借由推出过程混合而来，其过程中12.2％的成份是被覆7.3微亿公尺的钨和重新被覆15微亿公尺的铝代值氧化物的玻璃纤维。此材质的厚度大约0.032英寸厚。自SLiC外层切割下来各为1英寸乘以4英寸之二片条状物在1″处重叠且从前这CBM1″方块分割。装置配件放入2KW微波烤箱3 1/2分钟。每一片会熔解接合在一块儿。除非破坏他们，否则无法将之分开。
例9-附有涂上玻璃纤维的热熔解点着物。
(第3748号)3M Jet MeltTM粘着物系由加压方法混合而来，方法中含有10％被覆1.6毫微米的钨和重新被覆15毫微米的铝低值氧化物的玻璃纤维。尺寸2-19SR之SLiC外层的一部份用前述热熔解CBM0.037英寸厚度组合在半个外层交界表面。把装置配件放入一个2KW微波烤箱45秒。视力检测可以看出CBM和锁合材质的熔解量。除非破环这部份，否则无法将半个外层分开。
例10-附有涂上玻璃纤维的MDPE和内含有亚铁盐粉的MDPE：
尺寸为2-19SR之SLiC外层是由HDPE尾端圆盘和例3中所述电视通讯电缆一部份所组成。此二元素皆使用以下CBM材质。借由内含19.5％用7.3毫微米的钨被覆和用15毫微米铝低值氧化物重新皮覆的玻璃纤维混合MDPE chevron 9301T所组成的CBM放在外层交界表面之间以及圆盘和外层之间。借由内含15％亚铁盐粉D.M.Steward No.72802的加压方法混合MDPE，chevron 9301T组成的CBM放在电缆和尾端圆盘间。二个CBM合计约0.040英寸厚度。装置配件放入一个6KW微波烤箱总计8分钟。视力检测会发现在所有部份的表面皆有很好的熔解接合。这在20psi压力的检测下是不会漏电。
例11-附有涂上玻璃纤维的热熔解粘着物和附有亚铁的热熔解粘着物：
尺寸为2-19SR之SLiC锁合是由HDPE尾端圆盘和用以下CBM材质之电视通讯电缆一部份所组成而成。CBM是由加压方法混合(第3748号)3M Jet熔解粘着物，在加压方法中含有10％是用2.6毫微米钨被覆和15毫微米铝低值氧化物重新被覆的玻璃纤维，这CBM被置于外层交界之间及尾端圆盘和外层之间。借由含有10％亚铁盐粉的加压方法混合(第3748号)3M Jet熔解粘着物所组成的CBM则放置在电缆和尾端圆盘之间。二个CBM薄膜的厚度合计约0.040英寸。把这组合物放入一个6KW微波烤箱中一分钟，接着快速检查，然然再增加少些时间，总计约花2分钟。视力检测可以得知粘着物和外层材质的熔解流量。这组合物在20psi检测下发现不会漏电。
例12-附有涂上玻璃纤维的HDPE和附有亚铁盐粉的HDPE：
尺寸为2-19SR之SSLiC外层是由HDPE尾端圆盘和利用以下CBM材质之电视通讯电缆一部分所组合成，在加压方法中含有14.1％是用3.4毫微米钨被覆和用5.5毫微米铝低值氧化物重新被覆的玻璃纤维，这CBM将置于外层的交界表面之间及尾端圆盘和外层之间。CBM厚0.030英寸。借由含有10％亚铁盐粉的加压方法混合HDPE chevron9006T组合成的CBM则放置在电缆和尾端圆盘之间。这薄膜大约0.040英寸厚。把这组合物置于6KW微波烤箱中3分钟。视力检测可看出全部的接合点皆熔解。在20psi检测下发现电缆周围有少量的漏电。把这组合再置于6KW微波3分钟，然后同样在20psi下测视，发现不会漏电。
例13-附有涂上玻璃纤维的HDPE和附有亚铁盐粉的MDPE：
尺寸为2-19SR之SLiC外层是由HDPE尾端圆盘和利用以下CBM材质电视通讯电缆一部份所组合而成。CBM是由加压方法混合HDPE chevron 9006T组合成，其加压方法中合有20.4％是用2.6毫微米钨被覆和用15毫微米铝低值氧化物重新被覆的玻璃纤维，这CBM将置于外层交界表面之间及尾端圆盘和外层之间。借由含有15％亚铁盐粉的加压方法混合MDE chevron 9013T组合成的CBM则放置在电缆和尾端圆盘之间。薄膜厚度和例12所提相同。把组合物放入6KW微波烤箱2分钟。视力检测可知CBM和外层材质的熔解量。因为由CBM产生之热加压会便得玻璃轻微地变形。
例14-附有涂上云母薄膜的HDPE和附有亚铁盐粉的HDPE：
尺寸为2-19SR之SLiC锁合是由HDPE尾端圆盘和利用以下CBM材质之电视通讯电缆一部分所组合而成。CBM是由加压方法混合HDPE chevron 8054组合成，其加压方法中含有7.4％例2所述之云母和5.7毫微米不锈钢被覆，这CBM将置于外层交界表面之间及尾端圆盘和外层之间。借由含有10％亚铁盐粉的加压方法混合MDPE chevron9006T所组合成的CBM则放置在电缆和尾端圆盘之间。把组合物放在一个6KW微波烤箱中4分钟，检测，然后再放置4分钟。视力检测可以看出电缆周围好的熔解接合而且有些熔解接合在其他表面。
虽然发明可以参照具体实物来描述，但并不意味着描述可以在有限知识下成形。对参考发明叙述的技术人员而言，已揭露具体化的不同修正和发明二择一的具体化一样都变得明白。无论如何，此类修正皆不能脱离本发明申请专利范围的精神和范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种管状封闭物，用于收容一条电缆的一个端部，所述的电缆具有多根导线，还用于保护这些导线的接头，所述的管状封闭物具有：
顶部部件和底部部件，所述的顶部部件和底部部件都是由热塑材料制作的，每个部件具有：至少一个纵向的法兰，所述的法兰从所述的管状封闭物向外延伸，所述的顶部部件的位置逆对着所述的底部部件，借此，所述的法兰形成相邻的一对，其特征在于，所作的改进包括：
一个混合粘接材料的条状物，所述的材料是由分散在一个母体内的多个电纳粒子构成的，每个所述的电纳粒子的结构包括：一个基底，它基本上不反射微波能量；以及一个涂敷层，它覆盖着所述的基底，所述的涂敷层基本上是吸收微波能量，所述的涂敷层其厚度是在1至100埃范围内，其导电率是在10-6至107Ω-cm范围内，因而使所述的电纳粒子的体电阻率是在10-2至108Ω-cm范围内，所述的母体包含一种热塑材料，该材料易与所述的部件的所述热塑材料相混合，所述的条状物放置在所述的相邻的法兰对之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的管状封闭物，其特征在于，所述的顶部部件和底部部件基本上是相同的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的管状封闭物，其特征在于，所述的顶部部件和底部部件都具有半圆形的横截面，并在纵向上是由一个枢轴铰链固定的，所述的枢轴铰链限定了两个密封的边缘，所述的密封的边缘通常在直径方向上与所述的枢轴铰链相对，第一个所述的密封边缘是在所述的顶部部件上，第二个所述的密封边缘是在所述的底部部件上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的管状封闭物，其特征在于，所述的枢轴铰链是与所述的顶部部件和所述的底部部件一起整体性地模铸的，并且含有另一个条状物，所述的条状物是由混合粘接材料制作的，它是沿着所述的枢轴铰链的内表面放置的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的管状封闭物，其特征在于，还包括：一个端帽，它固定在所述的底部部件的内表面上，在所述的封闭物处于一种闭合位置时，所述的端帽的周边的一部分与所述的顶部部件的内表面相邻接；以及另一个条状物，它是由混合粘接材料制作的，放置在所述的端帽的周边的所述部分上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的管状封闭物，其特征在于，所述的顶部部件和底部部件的每个都具有两个所述的法兰，限定组装好的所述的封闭物之中第二对相邻法兰，并且还包括：另一个所述的混合粘接材料的条状物，它放在所述的第二对相邻法兰之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的管状封闭物，其特征在于，所述的封闭物在纵向上含有：一个端帽，它具有一个孔，用于接收一条电缆，该电缆具有一个热塑材料的外护套和一个内导电层，所述的内导电层与所述的外护套相邻，还包括：一个磁活动性混合粘接材料的管套，沿所述孔的内表面放置，所述磁活动性混合粘接材料是由分散在一个母体内的多个电纳粒子形成的，所述的母体含有一种热塑材料，该材料易与所述的电缆的所述外护套的热塑材料相混合。
8.一种密封封闭物的方法，所述的封闭物是由热塑材料形成的并且具有至少两个相邻密封边缘，其特征在于，所述的方法包括以下步骤：
制好一个混合粘接材料条形物，所述的条形物是由分散在一个母体内的多个电纳粒子形成的，每个所述的电纳粒子的结构包括：一个基底，它基本上不反射微波能量，以及一个涂敷层，它覆盖着所述的基底，所述的涂覆层基本上吸收微波能量，所述的涂敷层其厚度是1至100埃范围内，其导电率是10-6至107Ω-cm范围内，因而使所述的电纳粒子的体电阻率是10-2至108Ω-cm范围内，所述的母体是由一种热塑材料制成的，这种热塑材料易与所述的封闭物热塑材料相混合；
将所述的混合粘接材料的条状物放置在所述的封闭物的两相邻的密封边缘之间，及
在所述的条状物上施加微波能量，其数量足以使所述的电纳粒子加热并且熔融所述的母体，而且该热塑材料的一部分限定所述的封闭物的密封边缘。
9.根据权利要求8所述的密封封闭物的方法，其特征在于，所述的封闭物还包含：一个端帽，该端帽上有一个孔，该端帽用于对穿过该孔的一条电缆所包绕的所述的封闭物进行密封，所述的方法还包括：以下步骤：把一个由所述的混合粘接材料制作的套管插接在该孔的内表面与该电缆的外表面之间。
10.根据权利要求8所述的密封封闭物的方法，其特征在于，所述的封闭物还包括：一个端帽，其上具有一个孔，所述的端帽用于密封包绕电缆的封闭物，所述的电缆穿过所述的孔，具有一热塑材料的外层护套和邻近所述的外层护套的一个内导电层，该方法还包括以下步骤：将一个磁活动性的混合粘接材料的套管接在所述孔的内表面与所述电缆的外护套之间，所述的磁活动性的混合粘接材料是由分散在所述的母体内的多个强磁性电纳粒子形成的，所述的母体是由一种热塑材料组成的，所述的热塑材料易于和所述电缆的所述外护套的热塑材料相混合。
11.根据权利要求8所述的密封封闭物的方法，其特征在于，所述的封闭物具有一个壁，该壁是由单一的一块热塑材料限定的，它的横截面形状呈螺旋形，限定第一和第二纵向搭接边缘，所述的第一边缘的外表面与所述的第二边缘的内表面相邻，所述的放置步骤是通过将所述的条状物施加在所述的第二边缘的内表面上而实现的。
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