CN1066776A - 具有能快速捕集的多层吸收芯的吸收制品 - Google Patents

具有能快速捕集的多层吸收芯的吸收制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1066776A
CN1066776A CN92100860A CN92100860A CN1066776A CN 1066776 A CN1066776 A CN 1066776A CN 92100860 A CN92100860 A CN 92100860A CN 92100860 A CN92100860 A CN 92100860A CN 1066776 A CN1066776 A CN 1066776A
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Prior art keywords
layer
capture
dispersion
absorbent article
absorbent
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Granted
Application number
CN92100860A
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CN1098060C (zh
Inventor
J·R·诺埃尔
N·A·阿尔
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Publication of CN1066776A publication Critical patent/CN1066776A/zh
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

一种如一次性使用尿布、成人失禁用垫、卫生巾 之类的吸收制品具有快速捕集多层吸收芯。吸收制 品的形状改进成使之可穿在普通内衣内,它含有可透 液的上片、不透液的下片及在其间的包含至少一快速 捕集分散层和至少一贴近的贮层的多层吸收芯。捕 集分散层的捕集分散率在约28克/cm2压力下测试 时至少为约2cm3合成尿/秒。贮层至少部分含一 种在少于或等于约10秒内能达其吸收能力至少 40%的高速吸收凝胶材料。同时公开一种用于吸收 制品的多层吸收芯。

Description

本发明涉及具有多层吸收芯的吸收制品,例如可处置的尿布、失禁制品、卫生巾等。本发明还涉及用于吸收制品的快速捕集、多层的吸收芯,还涉及一种吸收制品,例如成人失禁用垫;当设置了这样的吸收芯后,该失禁用垫所具有的改进形状可使它穿着在使用者的一般内衣内。
可处置的尿布,成人的失禁用垫、卫生巾等吸收制品的大小和形状差异很大。通常,尿布和失禁用垫是由婴儿或失禁病人穿用的类似服装的制品,它们被固定在两腿之间,系在穿着者的腰上。卫生巾则是设计用来接收和容纳月经之类的阴道排泄物的,它一般通过衣服,例如一件内衣,一件紧身短衬裤或专门设计的带子固定在靠近人体处。
人们一直在努力尝试以制取这种对穿着者来讲更为舒适、更为新意以及更少别扭的吸收制品,对于成人失禁用垫来说更是如此。成人失禁用垫以前因其自身性质决定而制作的相当厚,从而使它们可以处理所接收的相当大量的身体流出物,如尿。失禁者特别需求的是降低了体积的失禁用垫,这是因为他们中的多数人是上了年级的成年人,寄用尿布类制品总有点令人受窘的感觉。再有,大多数人更愿意使用可与他们正常穿着的内衣一起穿用的某些类型的制品。
通常,影响吸收制品的大小和体积的一个关键部件是其中所用的吸收体吸收制品包括一种面向穿着者身体的液体可通过的材料,一种面向穿着者衣服的液体不可通过的材料,和一种夹在上述两种材料之间的吸收体或吸收芯。在现有的吸收制品中,被称之为空气毡(air  flet)的含有粉碎了的木浆的材料被用作吸收芯,吸收芯的作用在于捕集、分散和贮存沉积在吸收制品表面的液体和其它流出物。使用空气毡的缺点之一是为达到所需的容量,须使用厚层的空气毡。
最近已提出了一些改进吸收芯有效性的措施,它们包括将吸收胶凝材料的颗粒在整个或部分吸收芯中分散。在下述文献中对这些改进作出了描述:1986.9.9授予Paul  T.Weisman和Stephen  A.Goldman的美国专利4610678;1987.6.16授予Paul  T.Weisman、Pawn  I.Houghton和Dale  A.Gellert的美国专利4673402;1988、1、27公开,转让给Procter  &  Gamble公司的EP-A-254476。上述文献公开的技术引入这里以作参考。吸收芯有效性的另一些改进在1988、11、1授予Dawn  I.Houghton和Nicholas  A.Ahr的美国专利4781711中给以描述。该文献公开的技术引入这里以作参考。虽然公开在上述参考文献中的吸收制品工作得相当好,但是,人们还在继续寻找能够快速而有效地吸收量特别大的流出物的改进的吸收制品。
理想的吸收芯的结构应该是当流出物排出时能立即被吸收制品吸收,因而该流出物不会在吸收芯的上部郁积或存留。理想的吸收芯也应该是这样制备的,即最初吸收的流出物立即转移至吸收芯内流出物可以贮存的一个地方。使用吸收胶凝材料的现有的多数吸收制品存在的一个问题是,吸收胶凝材料吸收液体流出物的速度并不象液体流出物沉积在芯上那么快。这样,吸收缓慢的吸收胶凝材料就几乎不能提高芯即时可用的容量。通常,这样的吸收胶凝材料需要几秒钟或几分钟来吸收流体。
吸收芯也应当提供给流出物一个分散和贮存体系,以便有效地利用吸收芯的整个容量。不带有该体系(特别是使用同一层状材料或纤维层材料起捕集、分散和贮存流出物等不同作用的那些吸收制品)的吸收制品常发生的一个问题是吸收制品的贮存容量过早地被用尽。这可能以几种不同的方式出现。在许多吸收制品中,在流出物最初沉积的区域吸收材料的饱和将减小吸收材料将其余的流出物传输至芯的另一部分的能力。这种现象也可能在芯的上部导致上面所讨论过的不希望的郁积状态出现。
在另一些吸收制品中,包含吸收胶凝材料颗粒的吸收芯的效果会由于所谓的“凝胶阻塞”现象产生不利的影响。“凝胶阻塞”一词描述的一种情况是,当吸收胶凝材料颗粒被润湿、颗粒表面膨胀时,就会阻滞液体向吸收芯内部的传输。因此,吸收芯的内部的润湿是通过一很慢的扩散过程进行的。实际上,这意味着通过吸收芯液体的捕集比待吸收的液体的排出要慢得多,而且在吸收芯中的吸收胶凝材料的颗粒完全饱和之前,或在液体扩散或虹吸(wick)通过芯“阻塞”颗粒进入吸收芯的其余部分之前,很可能已发生吸收制品的泄漏。
因而,就需要一种具有改进了形状的吸收制品,它具有一个能快速捕集和分散流出物的吸收芯,在整个吸收芯内捕集和分散流出物并将流出物贮存于其内部。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种吸收制品,该制品具有一种改进的形状,它能按使用者通常的内衣一样穿用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于吸收制品的吸收芯,随着流出物沉积在吸收芯上,该吸收芯能特别有效地将其捕集、分散和贮存。
具体地说,本发明的目的是提供一种吸收芯,该吸收芯包含一个体系,在该体系中,捕集和分散流出物的功能是由与用于贮存流出物的层分开的别的层实现的。理想地,这样的一个体系将允许流出物通过所说的别的层连续地被捕集并分散而进入贮层中,从而不会造成现存的凝胶阻塞问题和饱和问题。
本发明的这些目的和其它的目的,在参考下面的描述和附图后将会更为清楚。
本发明提供了吸收制品,例如可处置的尿布、失禁用垫、卫生巾等,该制品具有多层的吸收芯,该芯能够以特别显著而有效的方式捕集和容纳液体。在一个实施例中,本发明的吸收制品可以是以使用者内衣穿着的拉长的梨形。
本发明的吸收制品包括一液体能够通过的上片,一液体不能通过的且与上片相连接的下片,和一个位于上、下片之间的吸收芯。本发明的吸收芯包括一多层的吸收体。该多层至少包括一对层,在每一对层中,最上面一层是一快速捕集流出物的捕集/分散层(通常为低密度的织物或纤维层材料(batt))。至少部分包含快速吸收胶凝材料的贮层直接设置在每个捕集/分散层的下面。
在约28g/cm2的压力下,按照流体的捕集/分散试验方法,对捕集/分散层进行测试时,捕集/分散层的流体捕集/分散速度至少为约2cm3合成尿/秒。至少在一些实施例中,捕集/分散层将包括一低密度织物或纤维层材料,如无纺织物,当捕集/分散层放在0.1psi(7g/cm2)的负荷下时,其密度小于或等于约0.1g/cm3,而其定量约为17-270g/m2
贮层至少包含部分的“快速”吸收胶凝材料。“快速”吸收胶凝材料是在小于或约等于10秒钟内,至少达到其吸收容量的约40%的吸收胶凝材料。较好的是,在流体中,如合成尿中,其总吸收容量至少为它的干重量的25倍,液体的捕集速度大于或等于每克该材料约0.8g合成尿/秒。每个贮层的定量最好为约20-1200g/m2,而密度最好为小于或等于约0.2g/cm3
当测量是对平直的未包裹的状况进行时,在7g/cm2的负荷下,流体传输包裹物的厚度约为1.6mm。附加的贮层最好是包含一层定量为约160-780g/m2的空气毡。
在使用时,据认为,流出物的捕集/分散层能够随着流出物在吸收制品上的沉积很快地使流出物进入捕集/分散层,以下述方式将流出物分散至下面的贮层中,即能显著地减少或消除现有技术中存在的在邻近流出物沉积区域处材料的饱和以及凝胶阻塞问题。据认为,所使用的特定的材料层与层的结合提供了一种也能够快速贮存已吸收了的液体的结构。
虽然还没有找到任何具体的理论根据,但是可以认为,多层吸收芯是通过串联效应来分散流出物的。可以认为,多层吸收芯捕集、分散和贮存的方式可能是与用水去充满一个制冰的立体槽相似的;其中,当吸收芯的一个区域充满时,流出物迅速地横向流到已充满的区域的边缘,并开始填充其它未充满的区域。
本发明也涉及可以在不同大小和形状的吸收制品中使用的多层吸收芯。
虽然说明书以权利要求为结尾,权利要求特别指出并清楚地提出了要求保护的形成本发明的主题,可以认为,从结合附图所作的下面的描述,将会更易于理解本发明,其中相同的部件是用相似的标号表示的,其中:
图1是本发明的吸收制品的一个优选实施例的平面图。
图2是图1沿2-2线剖视的本发明的吸收制品的放大的横剖面图。
图3是图1沿3-3线剖视的本发明的吸收制品的纵剖面图。
图4为有不同构型开孔的吸收制品的平面图。
图5是有大量开孔的吸收制品的平面图。
图6是选取与图2相似角度的本发明的吸收制品的一个实施例的横剖面图,该实施中芯的排列方式采用了另一种替换方式。
图7是与图6相似的本发明的吸收制品的一个实施例的横剖面图,该实施例中芯的排列方式为另一种替换形式。
图8是包含有本发明的吸收芯的失禁用垫的简明透视图。
图9是图7是所示的失禁用垫简图沿8-8线剖视的横剖面图。
图10是用在水平流动捕集/分散速度试验中所使用的装置的示意图。
1、吸收制品的总体特征
首先讨论本发明的吸收制品的总体特征。
图1-3示出了本发明的可处置的吸收制品的一个实施例。在附图中示出的本发明的吸收制品具有一种改进形状,它可适合于使用者的内衣。这种吸收制品具有多层吸收芯,该芯能够迅速地捕集、分散和贮存人体流出物。
本文中所用的术语“吸收制品”是指吸收和容纳人体流出物的制品。更准确地说,该术语指的是靠着或接近使用者身体放置能吸收和容纳从人体排出的各种流出物的制品。术语“吸收制品”是指尿布、失禁制品、卫生巾等等。术语“失禁制品”指的是包括衬垫、内衣(衬垫通过某种类型的悬挂系统,如带子或类似物固定)、吸收制品的插入物、吸收制品的容量辅助物、三角裤、床垫等,而不管它们是由成年人还是其它失禁者穿用。术语“可处置的”指的是制品一次使用后即可丢弃。也就是说,可处置的制品不打算清洗或再贮存或重复使用。
在所列出的优选实施例中,吸收制品是成人的一种失禁用垫(或衬垫),标号为20。(显然,即使所举例和所描述的这个优选实施例是某种形式的失禁用垫,各种各样的部件构成的失禁用垫20通常也应用于其它类型和形状的按照本发明制造的吸收制品中。
失禁用垫20有两个表面,一个表面是接触身体的表面或“身体表面”20a,另一表面是衣服表面20b。失禁用垫20在图1中示出,它是从失禁用垫的身体表面20a进行观察的。身体表面20a指的是靠近使用者身体来穿着。失禁用垫20(在图2中示出)的衣服表面20b是在另一边,并在穿着失禁用垫20时,靠近使用者的内衣设置。
失禁用垫20有两根中心线,一根纵向中心线l和一根横向中心线t。这里所使用的术语“纵向”指的是在失禁用垫20平面内的一根线、轴或方向,当失禁用垫20被穿着时,它通常与将站立的使用者身体平分成左和右两半的垂直平面对准(例如大致平行)。术语“横向”指的是通常与位于失禁用垫20内的纵向方向垂直的线、轴或方向。失禁用垫20有一纵向尺寸,它在通常的纵向中心线l的方向上延伸。而横向的尺寸在通常的横向中心线t的方向上延伸。失禁用垫20的纵向尺寸通常大于横向尺寸。
如图1所示,失禁用垫20有两个隔开的纵向边缘22和两个隔开的横向或端边边缘(或“端边”)24,它们一起形成失禁用垫20的周边26。当失禁用垫20穿着时,一个端边边缘24将朝向使用者的前面定位,而另一个端边边缘将朝向使用者的后面定位。“前端边边缘”用标号24a表示,而朝向使用者的后面定位的端边,“后端边边缘”或“背端边边缘”用标号24b表示。
本发明的吸收制品20的形状如图1的平面图所示,吸收制品20可以是现有技术已知的任何的形状,而在图1中示出的吸收制品的优选实施例的失禁用垫20对于它的纵向中心线l是对称的,但是对于它的横向中心线t是不对称的。在平面图中,吸收制品20可以分成3个区域:第一端边区28、中心区30和第二端边区32。
当失禁用垫20穿着时,第一端边区将是在使用者身体的前面,而第二端边区32则在使用者身体的后面。中心区30位于第一和第二端边区之间,并穿着在使用者胯部区域。第一端边区28和第二端边区32从中心区30分别向外朝向端边24a和24b延伸,其距离为失禁用垫20的总长度的约1/8-1/3。第一、第二端边区的精确尺寸将根据失禁用垫20的具体设计和确定的用途而变化。
第一端边区28内失禁用垫20的纵向边缘22的形状是在纵向中心线l每边的向外凸(或相互向外成弓形的)的曲线。形成纵向边缘22的曲线改变曲线弯曲部分的方向,至少在中心区30的一部分内,曲线朝内弯曲。在图1-3示出的实施例中,纵向端边边缘22一般在第二端边区32内为直线,并互相平行。在别的替换实施例中,纵向端边边缘22在第二端边区32内可向内向着纵向中心线l弯成锥形,从而纵向端边边缘22在失禁用垫20的后端边边缘24b附近比它们在靠近中心区30处更为紧密地靠在一起。失禁用垫20的端边边缘24呈圆形和向外凸的曲线形。
图1所示的失禁用垫20的整体形状可以用许多方式来描述。在横向中心线t的一边,失禁用垫20可以被看成是狗骨形(dog  boneshaped)或砂漏形的,在横向中心线t的另一边,垫20被看成是具有纵向端边边缘,它们或者基本上互相平行,或向里弯成锥形。另外,失禁用垫20可以看起来好像是一拉长的梨形。
以这样的形状提供失禁用垫有几个原因。失禁用垫20的第一端边区28是置于使用者的前面。这是使用者的生殖器所在区,因此,尿常常沉积在这里。失禁用垫20的第一端边区28做成大于垫的其它区域以提供一个较大的区域来接收尿液。中心区30做成比第一端边区28窄一些,这样,使失禁用垫20在使用者两腿间更为舒适,并且适应于使用者活动。第二端边区32比第一端边区28的最宽部分窄,结果将会使第二端边区32起皱和插入使用者身体臀部之间的缝隙的可能减小。
图1中所示的优选失禁用垫的尺寸如下。失禁用垫20的总长l1约为35cm。垫20在其最宽处的总宽度W1(在第一端边区28内,不包括下述的任意的侧片60的间距)大约为16cm。失禁用垫20的吸收芯42的总长度l2约为33cm。吸收芯42在它的最宽处的总宽度约为14cm。在中心区30的横向中心线t处,吸收芯42的宽度窄至约9cm。第二端边区域32内,大约为8.5cm。后面一个尺寸是在内侧测得的,即朝向纵向和横向中心线l和t相交处,失禁用垫20的端边边缘24b的弯曲部分开始的位置。此外,如图1所示,上片34和下片36向外延伸,远离纵向和横向中心线l和t的相交处,形成一个约1cm宽围绕吸收芯42的圆周的边界44。失禁用垫20的表面积大约为55平方英寸(约355cm2),这比传统的类似尿布的失禁用三角裤小得多。
但是应该清楚,对于在图1-3中所示的失禁用垫20的特定实施例来说,上述的尺寸为优选的。本发明的多层吸收芯42也可以用于其它类型的吸收制品,而且芯42也可以为许多种其它的形状和尺寸,它的形状和尺寸的选取决于吸收制品的类型和所需要的吸收容量。
图2示出了失禁用垫20的各个部件。本发明的失禁用垫一般包括三个主要部件。它们是液体能通过的上片34,液体不能通过的下片36,和多层吸收芯42。吸收芯42设置在上片34和下片36之间。在吸收芯42中有两个基本类型的层,捕集/分散层46由低密度(或高“膨松”(Loft))的能快速吸收和分散流出物的材料组成,贮层48至少部分是由快速吸收胶凝材料组成。
吸收芯42的各层成对排列,因此捕集/分散层46总是在贮层48的上部(即所讨论的捕集/分散层46总是放置在上片34和下面的贮层48之间)。在图1-3所示的实施例中,吸收芯42包括4层。如图2所示,从吸收芯42的上部到下部,这四层是:第一捕集/分散层46′、第一贮层48′、第二捕集/分散层46″和第二贮层48″。
本发明的失禁用垫20还可以设置本领域内公知的任何任意的附加部件。任意的附加部件可以包括一个或几个纵向隔离件56(在图1中示出),一个或几个横向隔离件58(也在图1中示出),侧片或“挡片”60(图1和2),胶粘性固定部件62(图2)和可去掉的盖带或衬条64(图2)。在图2示出的实施例中,本发明的失禁用垫沿着垫的每个纵向边缘22设置一纵向隔离件56,沿着垫的每个端边边缘24设置一个横向隔离件。侧片或“挡片”60围绕使用者的内衣的身体两腿分叉处至少部分重叠,胶粘性的固定部件62用于将失禁用垫20附着到使用者的内衣上。可去掉的衬条64覆盖着胶粘性固定部件62,使得胶粘性固定部件在使用前不致被沾污,或粘附到不是内衣的身体两腿分叉部分的表面。
在下面的描述中,在第二部分将更详细地讨论各个部件的特征。在第三部分讨论失禁用垫20的任选的部件。在第四部分讨论吸收制品的其它替换实施例。在第五部分将讨论本文中所用的测试方法。
2、吸收制品的各个部件
更具体的看一下失禁用垫20的各个部件,图2示出了压在失禁用垫20其它的各个部件(除隔离件外)之上的可透液性上片(或简称“上片”)34。上片34朝向穿着者的躯体并与之接触。上片34是失禁用垫20初始接收躯体排泄物的部分。上片34具有朝向躯体面侧(或“躯体面”)34a和朝向芯面34b。上片34的朝向躯体面34a一般至少构成失禁用垫20的接触躯体面(“躯体面”)20a的一部分。
上片34应容许液体容易地穿过它的厚度向吸收芯42转移。因而,上片34应是可透液性的。上片34还应有柔性并对穿着者的皮肤无刺激性。这里所用的词“柔性”是指材料顺应并容易地适合身体的形状或者在外力存在下以轻易的变形产生响应。优选的上片34不是发声的以使穿着者随意。上片34外观应清洁并不透明以掩盖被吸收部件收集并吸收的躯体排泄物。上片34还应表现有良好的穿透性和降低的重新变湿的倾向,使得躯体排泄物快速穿透上片34并到达吸收芯42,但不允许该排泄物回流透过上片34到达穿着者的皮肤。
可以由数种不同材料来制造适宜的上片34,如多孔泡沫材料、网状泡沫材料、带孔塑料膜、天然纤维(例如木或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)、或天然或合成纤维的混合物。优选的,上片由疏水材料制造以将穿着者的皮肤与吸收芯42中的液体隔离。
有多种制造技术可用来制备上片34。例如,上片34可以纺织、非纺织(例如纺粘、梳理或类似方法),发泡或模铸。优选的上片34是纺粘的并通过在纺织领域的技术人员所公知的方法热粘结。优选的,上片具有约18至约30克每平方米的重量,最小干抗拉强度在机器方向上至少为约400克/厘米,在机器的横断方向上湿抗拉强度至少为约55克/厘米。
下片36示于图2中。下片36是失禁用垫20中防止所述流出物浸湿与失禁用垫20接触的物品的部件。典型地,与失禁用垫20接触的物品是穿着者的内衣。本发明还涉及防止穿着者的躯体和衣服沾污。
下片36具有朝向芯体面36a和衣服面36b。至少下片36朝向芯体面36a的一部分大致朝向芯体42。如下片36的朝向芯体面36a的部分(如侧翼60)被折叠,这样它们不总是必须朝向芯体42,这也在本发明的范围之内。然而下片36的朝向芯体面36a可以与下片36的朝向衣服面36b相区别,因为朝向芯体面36a是下片36与上片34连接并与芯体42邻接的那一面。下片36的衣服面36b一般构成了失禁用垫20的衣服面20b。
下片36可以是任何柔性、液体不可透性的材料,该材料能防止由失禁用垫20收集的排泄物(特别是不可能完全被芯体42吸收的排泄物)逸出失禁用垫20并沾污穿着者的内衣和衣服。优选的,下片36不是发声的,以使穿着者随意。下片36还可以是对躯体排泄物产生的恶臭气体有不可透性,使得恶臭味不能逸出而被穿着者及其他人感觉到。在其它的替代方案中,下片36可以透过水蒸气(但不是液体),使得在失禁用垫20和穿着者皮肤之间截留的任何这类的蒸气可以逸出而使该产品对穿着者更舒适。
优选的,至少下片36的一部分是由薄塑料膜制成,尽管也可以使用其它适宜的液体不可透性材料。在一个优选实施例中,下片36是厚度为约0.012mm(0.5mil)至约0.051cm(2.0mils)的聚乙烯膜,虽然可以使用其它柔性、液体不可透过材料。一种适宜的聚乙烯膜是由Monsanto  Chemical  Corporation制造的,市售商标名为膜(Film)  No.8020。下片36还可以压纹和/或进行粗糙化表面处理以使之具有更象布料的外观。
在一个最优选的实施例中,下片36包括两层。在图2所示的实施例中,下片36包括设置在下片36的衣服面36b上的由膨松材料构成的第一层38。第一层38的目的是提供对着穿着者身体的舒适、非刺激性表面。第一层38可以由任何适宜的材料构成,例如非纺织材料。优选的,第一层38包含疏水非纺织材料。第二层40可以设置在下片36的朝向芯体面36a上,并可包括一液体不可透的薄膜。厚度约为0.01至约0.05mm、优选约0.02mm的低密度聚乙烯材料已发现可良好的用作第二层40。聚乙烯膜,例如。由the  Ethyl  Corporation,Visqueen  Division出售的型号为XP-39385的商品特别好的适于作为该第二层40。也可以由软质、象布的并相对于上片34是疏水的材料来制造下片36。发现聚酯或聚烯烃纤维下片性能良好。一种特别优选的软质、似布下片36材料是聚酯非编织材料和如在U.S  4,476,180专利中叙述的薄膜的层压制品,该专利于1984年10月9日授予Wnuk,其公开内容本文引入做为参考。
上片34和下片36以任何适宜的方式连接在一起。这里所用的,词“连接”包括通过将上片34直接贴到下片36上而使上片34直接与下片36固定在一起的构型,以及通过将上片34贴到中间组件上该组件又贴到下片36上而使上片34与下片36间接地固定在一起的构型。在一优选的实施例中,在失禁用垫20的周边上通过连接件(未示出)例如粘结剂或现有技术公知的任何其它连接件使上片34与下片36直接互相连接。例如,可以使用均匀连续的粘结剂层、呈图形状的粘结剂层、或粘结剂的分离的线或点列将上片34与下片36连接。
图2也示出了多层吸收芯42的特征。多层吸收芯(或简称“吸收芯”,或“芯”)42用来做为吸收躯体流出物的部件。具体的说,吸收芯42是收集和容纳躯体排泄物例如尿的部件,该排泄物贮存在芯42上,上不然的话排泄物会穿过液体可透的上片34。吸收芯42具有一朝向躯体面42a和一朝向衣服面42b。
芯体42不必具有大大高于所要吸收的躯体排泄物总量的总吸收容量。在图2所示的实例中,芯体42优选是尽可能制成狭窄而且薄,使其对穿着者感到舒适。对于这里所述的实例(即为中等至严重失禁者所设计的垫中所用的芯体),芯体的容量应在约100至约600克合成尿(合成尿在下面的第5部分标题为“测试方法”中叙述)。芯体42可以尺寸系列化并提供不同的容量以适合于在吸收制品中的使用。因而,对于轻度失禁者的失禁用垫,它所用的芯体42可以制成小一些并可具有较低的吸收容量,当用于其它类型的吸收制品中例如尿布和卫生巾中时也是如此。
芯体42还应对穿着者的皮肤舒适、无刺激性。芯体42的大小应与上片34和下片36配套。芯体42优选的是定位于上片34和下片36之间。芯体42的位置能防止在失禁用垫20被穿戴时,芯体42的吸收材料撕碎或产生分离。芯体42的位置还保障恰当地容纳身体排泄物。芯体42可以是任何形状的,例如与上面所述的失禁用垫20总体形状相同,或者是在其它实例中的任何其它适当的形状。举例说,芯体42可以是长方形的或水漏形状的。
吸收芯42优选的包括两个或更多的不同的层。图2所示的多层吸收芯42的优选实施例包括四层。在图2所示的实施例中,该四层从该吸收芯42的顶部至底部包括:第一捕集/分散层46′、第一贮层48′、第二捕集/分散层46″和第二贮层48″。在多层吸收芯42中可以有任意数量对的捕集/分散层46和贮层48,从一对层至实际上无限数目的双重或多重对层。
对于芯体42的层的布置有两个一般要求。一个要求是材料应迭置成使贮层48位于捕集/分散层46的下部,这样使得所吸收的流出物有贮藏层48位于捕集/分散层46的下部,这样使得所吸收的流出物有贮存的位置。另一要求是当有多于一对的捕集/分散和贮层时,必须有流出物的通路使得在上面的贮层充满时它可以经该通路流入其下面的层中。在图2所示的实例中,该流动通路由在“第一贮层48′上的一个孔52来提供。
应理解对于本发明的目的,这里叙述的层仅是指吸收芯的区域,并且不必须仅限于单层或单片材料。因而,流出物捕集/分散层46和贮层48实际上可包括材料条、松散或粘连的颗粒或纤维、材料的层压制品、或这些材料的其它组合,例如一些具有下面叙述的材料类型的片状或网状物。因此,就本文使用而言,词“层”还包括了词“多层”和“层压的”。
先讨论流出物捕集/分散层46。流出物捕集/分散层(或简称“捕集/分散层”)46位于贮层48的上部。词“捕集”在这里使用时是指吸收(即捕到其内部)流出物的能力,特别是对液体流出物。捕集/分散层46可以通过数种手段吸收流出物。捕集/分散层46可以简单的提供一个流出物进入的空隙空间,或者它们可以通过例如吸收或毛细作用吸收流出物。词“分散”在这里使用时是指转移流出物特别是液体流出物至吸收制品其它区域的能力。
流出物捕集/分散层46用来起到数种作用。捕集/分散层46应尽可能快地吸收聚积在吸收制品20上的(或从位于上面的层中收集的)流出物,以减少或消除这些流出物在芯体42的顶部上的郁积或积存。优选的,捕集/分散层46吸收流出物的速度等于或快于流出物聚积在芯体42表面的速度。捕集/分散层46还应能够将吸收的流出物转移到在芯体42内可以贮存它们的部位。优选的,该转移和贮存的速度等于或快于流出物聚积在芯体42上的速度,使得流出物不“上返”及因为缺乏立即贮存该流出物的途径而在芯体42的顶部上郁积。
此外,在本发明的优选实施例中,捕集/分散层46和贮层48应独立地发挥作用。在这样的实施例中,捕集和分散流出物的作用可以近乎完全由捕集/分散层46负担,可不需要贮层48将流出物转移到芯体42的其它部分。因而,对贮层48的设计可以不考虑任何流出物的分散作用,而这种流出物分散的考虑降低了许多现有的可处置的吸收制品的效率。
当穿着者的活动导致在吸收制品上产生压力时,捕集/分散层46优选的还应能继续发挥作用。当受到这样的力的作用以及当被浸湿时,捕集/分散层46应优选的保持足够的空隙空间(或“空隙体积”),使得它们能继续转移液体流出物。如果事实如此,则捕集/分散层所具有的容量不仅应能处理初始流出的液体流出物,而且还能够处理后续流出的液体流出物。为维持这样的空隙空间,捕集/分散层46应既是干燥时有弹性的,又是湿润时有弹性的,并还应对水分不敏感。在这里所用词“对水分不敏感”,是指当浸湿时材料不萎陷或者不受水分存在的影响。对于本段中所包含的词的透彻讨论,包括在申请日为1988年5月24日、George  S.Reising等申请的美国专利申请号07/198,032中,该公开内容这里引入作为参考。
捕集/分散层46还包含低密度(或“高膨松”)网状或纤维层材料。在这里使用的词“低密度”和“高膨松”是指纤维层材料的密度低于或等于约0.1克/cm3
捕集/分散层46可以包括数种不同类型的材料。捕集/分散层46可以是非纺织的纤维网状物、泡沫材料、或能提供所需的快速流体捕集和分散性能的任何其它适宜材料。如果捕集/分散层46是纤维状非纺织材料的网状物,它们可以至少部分包括天然的纤维(例如木质纤维,如呈空气毡形,或棉纤维),至少部分包括合成纤维(例如人造纤维、聚酯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(也称为“PET”)、或聚丙烯纤维),交联纤维素纤维,泡沫材料,或任何相当材料或材料的组合。适宜的交联纤维素纤维在以下的文献中有叙述,即1989年12月19日授予Cook等的美国专利4,888,093号;1989年4月18日授予Dean等的美国专利4,822,543号;1989年12月26日授予Schoggen等的美国专利4,889,595号;1989年12月26日授予Schoggen等的美国专利4,889,596;1990年2月6日授予Moore等的美国专利4,898,642号;1990年6月19日授予Lash等的美国专利4,935,022号;上述公开内容这里引入作为参考。
如果捕集/分散层46是纤维非纺织材料网状物,则它们可以包括任何长度的纤维。然而,优选的在捕集/分散层46中使用的纤维是常用纤维。在这里使用的词“常用纤维”或“常用长度纤维”是指纤维的长度在约0.125英寸至约3.0英寸(约3mm至约7.5cm)之间。
捕集/分散层46还可以含有吸收凝胶材料(也称为“水凝胶”、“超吸收聚合材料”,或“超吸收剂”),只要这些材料存在的量或分布的方式使得它们对捕集/分散层46所需的捕集和分散性能不产生影响。在一些参考文献中对吸收凝胶材料有更详细的叙述,包括美国专利4,781,711,1988年11月1日授予Dawn  I.Houghton和Nicholas  A.Ahr,这里引入该公开内容作为参考。如果捕集/分散层46含有吸收胶凝材料,在捕集/分散层46中使用的具体类型的吸收胶凝材料可以不同于在吸收芯42的其它部分中使用的吸收胶凝材料的类型。也可以,捕集/分散层46可基本不含吸收胶凝材料。
优选的,捕集/分散层46至少包括一些合成纤维(例如,至少占重量的10%),这样捕集/分散层46的弹性足以在吸收制品20被穿着时受到压力时能转移流出物穿过芯体42。虽然天然纤维和吸收胶凝材料能给捕集/分散层46提供吸收容量和吸入流出物的能力,但在本发明的捕集/分散层46中这些性能并不是绝对需要。优选的,捕集/分散层46包含非纺织的合成纤维网状物例如聚酯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚丙烯纤维,并基本不含吸收胶凝材料。在一优选实施例中,捕集/分散层46是非纺织网状物,该网状物包含约80%的每根纤维15旦的聚酯纤维和约20%的粘合剂纤维。(但是纤维的纤度单位。)一“旦”表示一根纤维的纤度为每9000米重一克。)
有多种制造技术可以用来制造捕集/分散层46。例如,捕集/分散层46可以是纺织的或非纺织的,如空气铺设、纺粘、梳理及类似制法。一种用于捕集/分散层46的优选材料是梳理的和热粘结的、低密度非纺织材料。在捕集/分散层46中的纤维可以由粘结剂材料例如丙烯胶乳粘合而不是热粘合,或纤维可以是非粘合的。在特别优选的实施例中,捕集/分散层46中的纤维是非粘合的。在任何情况下,构成捕集/分散层46的材料应安排成开放性结构,以提供所需的空隙空间。
优选的,捕集/分散层46具有约0.5至约8盎司每平方码(约17至约270克每平方米)的定量,以及约0.02至约0.10克每立方厘米(g/cc)的密度。捕集/分散层46(以及贮层48和任何其它给出密度的层)的密度是由该层的定量和它的厚度来计算的。所有的测量都是针对新开包的、未折叠的、切开的吸收制品进行的。除非其它指明,密度和厚度的测量是用负荷为0.1psi(7克/cm2)的样品。定量的测量是通过冲切一确定尺寸的样品并在标准秤上称重该样品来实现的。样品的重量和面积确定了该样品的定量。使用标准量规来测量厚度。捕集/分散层46的密度和定量值不包括在层中所含的任何吸收胶凝材料的重量。然而,下面给出的贮层48的密度和定量值包括其中所含的吸收胶凝材料的重量。
应理解当有多于一个的捕集/分散层46时,捕集/分散层46各层之间的性能(例如材料组成、定量和密度)可以不同。
举例说,就图1-3所示的优选实施例而言,当有两个捕集/分散层46时,上部捕集/分散层,即第一捕集/分散层46′的定量低于下部捕集/分散层,即第二捕集/分散层46″的相应值。在图1-3所示的实施例中,第一捕集/分散层46′的定量优选为约0.5至4盎司每平方码(约17至约135g/m2),最优选为约2盎可每平方码(约70克/m2),并且密度为约0.03至约0.05克/cm2(g/cc)。在该优选实施例中,下部的捕集/分散层即第二捕集/分散层46″的定量优选为约4至约8盎司每平方码(约70至约270克/m2),最优选为约6盎司每平方码(约200克/m2),并且密度为约0.03至约0.05克/cm3(g/cc)。如以下的详细叙述,对应的贮层48也优选的是上层的定量低于下层的定量。
相信这样的布置(使上层更薄)会对穿着者更舒适。当最上的贮层如第一贮层48′具有使流体流入其下的层中的一个大孔52时更是如此。如果最上的贮层48′具有一个大孔,穿着者会感觉到最上贮层的开孔部分与无孔部分的厚度差别。由于这个原因,希望使最上贮层相对的薄,这样开孔和不开孔部分的厚度差别不容易感觉到。与第一贮层48′一起构成第一对层的最上捕集/分散层46′也制得相对的薄,使得其尺寸与第一贮层48′的尺寸相对应。
捕集/分散层46的捕集和分散流出物的能力这里表示为“水平流体捕集/分散速率”。水平流体捕集/分散速率也可以用它的名称的任何简称来称呼。这里使用的词“水平流体捕集速率”是指当捕集/分散层46处在预选的压力下时,该层允许由一点源施放的流体进入并流过其本体的速率。水平流体捕集速率通过在第5部分叙述的“水平流体捕集/分散测试”来测量。这里使用的词“点源”是指第5部分所述的流体源的类型。然而点源不限于单滴流体或类似物。
捕集/分散层46的所希望的水平流体捕集速率根据吸收制品的确定的用途而有所不同,因为吸收制品所需处理的流体的量依据吸收制品的确定用途来改变。图1-3所示的失禁用垫20是确定用于有中等至严重膀胱失禁的成人。在这种情况下,当在约0.4磅/平方英寸(psi)的压力(约为28克/cm2)的压力)下测试时,捕集/分散层46的水平流体捕集速率应至少为约8.0cm3合成尿/秒(cc/sec)。优选的,在约0.4psi(28g/cm2)的压力下捕集/分散层46的水平流体捕集速率至少为约12cc/sec。然而,在其它用途中,在约28g/cm2的压力下,水平流体捕集/分散速率可以低至约2cc合成尿/sec。例如,约2cc/sec的水平流体捕集/分散速率可适合应用于卫生巾中,约4cc/sec的水平流体捕集/分散速率可适合应用于可处置尿布。优选的,在捕集/分散层46被流出物浸湿后,它们应保持所需的水平流体捕集/分散速率。
优选的,捕集/分散层46有足够的浸湿弹性,使得当浸湿时,在挤压达它们宽度的25%后,它们的横向挤压后恢复率至少为约80%。为确定横向挤压后恢复率,将确定宽度的捕集/分散层材料样品浸入合成尿中直至基本饱和。将饱和的样品放置在虎钳状两爪之间的一块台板或底板上。将爪夹紧以使样品宽度减小约75%并在变窄位置保持30秒。然后放松爪并使样品恢复30秒,测量初始宽度的恢复程度。以初始宽度百分比表达的恢复宽度即是横向挤压后恢复率。
构成吸收剂芯42的另一类型的层是贮层48。贮层48用来贮存流出物,所述的流出物是经在每个贮层48之上的捕集/分散层(和在每个贮层48之下的捕集/分散层,如果存在这样的层的话)传输至所述的贮层48来贮存。
贮层48不必须特别有效地将流出物分散至芯体42的其它部分。该要求优选的是由捕集/分散层46来实现。(然而,贮层48应允许流出物在贮层自身内移动达到恰当的利用贮层容量所必须的范围。)因而,贮层48的设计和制造可以不过分着重于考虑流出物的分散。而这样的考虑由于限制了在吸收芯中所含的吸收胶凝材料的浓度和吸收速度一般会限制芯体的贮存容量。
贮层48贮存流出物的速度最好能与流出物被传输至贮层48的速度一样快,或者更快。吸收芯42的结构最好能使流出物在芯42内贮存在一个地方,在这里流出物能很快地被贮存直到达到吸收芯42的容量为止。该吸收芯应不存在现有技术中的问题,如凝胶阻塞,它使得现有的许多吸收制品在它的全部容量被利用以前就被过早地耗费掉了。
本发明的贮层48至少部分地包含快速吸收胶凝材料(即贮层48可部分包含快速吸收胶凝材料,或全部为该种材料)。这里所使用的“吸收胶凝材料”通常是指水不溶性的,水可溶胀的聚合物质,该物质能以其自身干重量的至少10倍来吸收水。
本文所用的“快速”吸收胶凝材料是指这样一类吸收胶凝材料,该类材料吸收流出物的速度应是在小于或等于约10秒钟的时间内,流出物能充满其容量的至少约40%,较好是约50%,最好是至少约90%。容量的百分数是使用第五部分所述的“茶袋”试验测得的。
另一种表示吸收胶凝材料吸收流体的速度的方法是由单位重量的吸收胶凝材料吸收流体的速度来表示(例如,吸收速度以每秒每克吸收胶凝材料吸收的克数)。以该代换方式表示的优选快速吸收胶凝材料是这样的一类吸收胶凝材料,该类材料的总容量为它们在流体中重量的至少约25倍,且吸收流体的速度至少约为0.8克流体/秒·克吸收胶凝材料(相应于上述表示的约40%容量的速度),较好是约1.25克流体/秒·克吸收胶凝材料(相应于约50%容量的速度),更好是约1.5克/秒·克吸收胶凝材料,最好是2.25克/秒·克吸收胶凝材料(相应于约90%的容量的速度)。(这里所有的吸收胶凝材料吸收重量的倍数的基准均以干的吸收胶凝材料的重量的倍数表示。)
目前,适宜的快速吸收胶凝材料可以为不同形式得到。吸收胶凝材料的一种类型是颗粒形式。这里所用的术语“颗粒”可以指各种形式的颗粒,例如可以是丸或薄片。颗粒状吸收胶凝材料的实例(虽然并不必须是快速颗粒状吸收胶凝材料)是按照1987年3月31日授权Brandt等的美国专利4654  039号所制备的那些材料。该专利所公开的内容在这里结合参考。Houghton等的美国专利4781711号讨论了几种类型的吸收胶凝材料,这里也预先结合参考。然而,用于本发明的吸收胶凝材料的优选形式是一种纤维状快速吸收胶凝材料。
这里用的“纤维状吸收胶凝材料”一词是指那些纤维形式的吸收胶凝材料。1989年8月8日授权于Bourland等美国专利4855179号充分讨论了该类纤维(虽然并不必须是快速纤维状吸收胶凝材料),该文献这里也结合参考。这里用的“纤维状吸收胶凝材料”一词指的是包括纤维形状的吸收胶凝材料,该纤维完全包含吸收胶凝材料,还包括双组分纤维吸收胶凝材料,该纤维至少部分包含其它材料,这些材料的表面用吸收胶凝材料涂覆。
优选纤维状吸收胶凝材料有几个原因,纤维状吸收胶凝材料可易于掺入非编织材料的结构中。当压力或其它力作用于吸收制品上时,纤维状吸收胶凝材料保持原位,这优于其它形式的吸收胶凝材料。然而,纤维状吸收胶凝材料较之颗粒状吸收胶凝材料通常更为松软和柔韧。纤维状吸收胶凝材料为干态时,也比某些颗粒状吸收胶凝材料具有更小的在下片36上产生孔洞的可能。纤维状吸收胶凝材料可以分布在一层材料内,从而使纤维与相邻的纤维被分隔成足够的距离。这最后一个特征的结果在于,纤维状吸收胶凝材料在吸收流体和溶胀时,将具有减小相互间接触和产生凝胶阻塞的趋势。
一种适宜的纤维状快速吸收胶凝材料是已知的FIBERSORB  SA7000,它是从Pennsylvania的Newton  Square的Arco  Chemical  Company买到的。FIBERSORB  SA7000可以至少每克该材料每秒约1.9克的速度吸收流体。特别优选的纤维状快速胶凝材料为已知的FIBERSORB  SA7200,它也是由Arco  Chemical  Company制备的,但它不能商购。FIBERSORB  SA7200吸收流体的速度可达至少约2克/克该材料。
由于其快速,人们均希望能使用快速吸收胶凝材料,它们能显著地提供吸收芯42的立刻能利用的能量。通常用于现有吸收制品的吸收胶凝材料,需要几秒或几分钟,才能达到显著程度的吸收容量。因而,在流出物最初施加到吸收制品期间,它们的价值不大。主要是在流出物后续施加时,它们才变得具有很大的价值。
人们希望,在贮层48中,将其它材料与快速吸收胶凝材料混合。在贮层48中包含这些其它材料的目的有几个。其它材料可用于固定吸收胶凝材料的颗粒或纤维在应当在的位置上。它们也可用于将吸收胶凝材料,或贮层48的其它组分粘结在一起。它们还可用于保持吸收胶凝材料的单个颗粒或纤维间的空间,以确保吸收胶凝材料达到其吸收容量时,可以提供给吸收胶凝材料适宜的空间,使其溶胀到原来的尺寸。
贮层48中可以包括的其它材料,可以是用于捕集/分散层46的上述表明的任何类型的材料。也可以是几种类型材料的结合剂。
然而,正像下面将更详细描述的那样,贮层48的特征(如材料组成、密度、定量、横向流体捕集速度)无需与捕集/分散层46的相同。但是,各类型材料的相对比例,特别是可能使用的合成纤维的量,应小于用在捕集/分散层46中的量,这是因为人们都希望贮层48具有更大的吸收容量。所使用的材料的具体用量如下所述。
像粘接剂纤维一类的粘接剂被用于使包含有贮层48的纤维相互粘接在一起,也用于使该纤维与用于贮层48的快速吸收胶凝材料粘接在一起。如果需要的话,一种适宜的粘接剂纤维应能在低于这种纤维熔点的温度下,粘接这里所述的适用于贮层48的各种类型的纤维。一种优选的商购粘接剂纤维为已知的KODEL  410,它是由Tennessee的Kingport的Eastman  Chemical  Products,Inc.生产的。
用于形成贮层48的材料的组成可以在一确定的范围内变化。在本说明书所定义的材料组成的各种百分率均为重量百分数,除非另有说明。各种所用材料的百分率总和应等于100%。此外,在本说明书和权利要求书中所给出的各组成(和横向流体捕集/分散)的所有百分数均意味着包括在所讨论的某些层中测得的吸收制品的给定的百分数(如,至少在吸收制品的某些区域中),而不用考虑是否整个层体均具有所讨论的百分数。
贮层48可以包含约10%或20%~约100%的快速吸收胶凝材料,多达约80%的天然纤维,如纸浆;多达约80%的合成纤维,如聚酯纤维;多达约80%的交联纤维素纤维;和多达约20%的粘接剂纤维。当贮层48含有“多达”一给定百分率的材料时,这意味着该材料可用于该层中,但它并不是必须在该层中存在。换言之,该层可能不含有该材料(0%),或者它能含有该材料的百分率(如:30%)。一种特别优选的贮层48为一种热粘合的混合物,它包含约50%的FIBERSORB  SA7000吸收胶凝材料,约30%的纸浆,约20%的KODEL  410粘接剂纤维。
可用于生产贮层48的生产技术很多。例如,贮层48可以被空气铺设或梳理。例如,一种优选的贮层48为快速吸收胶凝材料和空气毡的空气铺设混合物。通常,空气铺设方法包括在成型屏上,使在空气中的混合组分凝聚并重排该混合物。任何适用的传统的空气铺设方法均可使用。
贮层48的定量应从约0.01-约0.8克/平方英寸(约20-约1200克/平方米),其密度小于约3克/立方英寸(约0.183克/立方厘米(g/cc))。正如捕集/分散层46的情况,贮层48的特征(如材料组成,定量和密度)当存在于一个贮层48时,可以每层都不同。
图1-3所示的优选实施例的情况下,优选包含两个贮层。上贮层即第一贮层48′的定量为约0.01-约0.4克/平方英寸(约20-约600克/平方米),最好为约0.2克/平方英寸(约300克/平方米),其密度为小于约2克/立方英寸(约0.12g/cc),最好小于约1.5克/立方英寸(约0.092g/cc)。下贮层即第二贮存层48″的定量为约0.2-约0.8克/平方英寸(约300-约1200克/平方米),最优选的约0.4克/平方英寸(约600克/平方米),其密度小于约2克/立方英寸(约0.12克/cc),最优选约1.5克/立方英寸(约0.092g/cc)。
多层吸收芯42的不同层可以采用适当的手段粘结在一起,如喷雾胶合,或者也可不粘结。
当上述的层体超过一对时(即,当有一层以上的捕集/分散层和一层以上的贮层时),由于流出物通常并不能通过充满的贮层(如图2所示的第一贮存层48′)到达下面的捕集/分散层和贮层,因而在每对层体间就应有某种类型的连接,上述的不能通过情形是因为其中的空隙空间的减少和吸收胶凝材料的溶胀造成的。一个完全充满的贮层将趋向于堵塞流出物的流动。因此,该对层体,特别是每对中的捕集/分散层46应是对流体相互间联通的。“流体联通”是简指流体应能通过层体或层体对。层体间的该种流体联通可以由任何适宜的手段来提供。例如,图1-3所示的实施例中,至少存在一条流体通道或路径(或简称为“通道”)50,以使流出物通过一层如第一捕集/分散层46′到达下一层如第二捕集/分散层46″。
这里所用的“通道”或“路径”一词定义为一种结构,流出物可以通过该结构从一层流到另一层。通道50可以是任何一种允许流出物从上部的捕集/分散层流向下部的捕集/分散层或贮层的适宜的结构。因而,“通道”一词并不限定为任何一种具体形状的结构。例如,适宜的通道可包括一个或多个孔,连接两层的流体可通过一片或多片材料,或者它可包括部分层体本身,或者经设置的层体,从而可使层与层之间相连接或简单地接触。此外,或者作为上述方案的替换形式,该通道也可包括一个低密度区域,或任何其它类型的结构,这些结构是在下述文献中描述的,1988年5月24日,George  S.Reising等申请的美国专利申请号07/198032和1989年11月14日授权于Irving  S.Ness的美国专利4880419,上述文献,这里也结合参考。
如果通道50包含一个或多个孔52,则有几个因素需加考虑。孔52应恰当的设置,其大小应足以使流出物从一层转移至另一层。孔52应设置在当上部的贮层或层体已达到容量时,流出物将积聚的地方。通常,该位置是直接在流出物被沉积在失禁用垫20上的区域(定义为“典型的流出物沉积区域或地带”)的下面。因而,在每一个贮层48中的孔52是位于横向中心线t与前端边缘24a之间(即,在失禁用垫20的前半部分中)。孔52的宽度应使得孔52在失禁用垫20横向受压时,不致闭合,这种横向受压发生在失禁用垫20穿用时,或当吸收胶凝材料溶胀或润湿时。失禁用垫20可以有任意多个孔52,从一个到实际上无限数目的或大量的孔。
孔52优选的设置区域至少应覆盖图4中点线所示的区域。该区域为一个等腰三角形。该等腰三角形的底边通常垂直于纵向中心线l,并且距失禁用垫20的前端边缘24a约2英寸(约5厘米)。三角形区域底边的长度约为2英寸(约5厘米),三角形区域的高为约3英寸(约7.6厘米)。三角形区域的面积约为3平方英寸(约19平方厘米)。
图1-3示出了一个具体的优选通道50。图1-3示出的通道50包含在第一贮层48′上的单一的孔52。据信,当在贮层或贮层体48上仅有一个孔52时,该孔52的大小需要制得相当大,以避免当失禁用垫20穿用时孔52闭合的可能,进而造成流出物向下层流动的中断。图1-3所示的实施例中,孔52在第一贮层48′的整个长度内延伸。在图1-3所示的实施例中,在第一端边区域28处的孔52的宽度比在中心区域30的部分和失禁用垫20的第二端边区域32处的大。在第一端边区域28处孔52的宽度优选至少约2英寸(约5cm)。图1-3所示的优选的孔52的纵向边壁紧随着失禁用垫20的纵向边缘22的曲线部分。
图1-3所示的实施例中的贮层48′和孔52因孔52相当宽并延伸至芯42的整个长度,因而考虑采取一种代换形式。贮层48′可以代换成至少两带状材料,如带48a′和48b′,从而取代原来的有孔的单层形式。在图1-3所示的优选实施例中,第一贮层48′采用这种两带状材料的形式48a′,48b′,它们各自的宽度在约0.75-约1.5英寸(约2-约4)之间是较好的。
图4示出了本发明失禁用垫20的一个替换实施例,该方案中,在横向中心线t和失禁用垫20的前端边24a之间的典型的流体沉积区域处设置一个孔52。正如图4所示,最接近失禁用垫20的前端边24a的孔52的边缘可以向内距离横向中心线t约1英寸的距离(约2.54厘米),这是由于流出物通常并不会沉积在孔52的边缘和垫20的前端边24a间的一英寸的区域内。
图5示出了本发明的失禁用垫20的代换实施例,方案中有多个孔52。当贮层48中存在许多个孔52时,每个孔52的大小就比仅存在一个孔52时的大小要小。这就使得所有的该种孔52同时闭合的可能变得很小。但是孔52也不能制得太小,以至于吸收了流出物而溶胀的吸收胶凝材料堵塞由孔52提供的通道。每个孔52的宽度最好,至少为约1/4英寸(约0.65厘米),虽然更小的宽度也是可以的。连接层与层之间的孔52可以是如图5所示的图形,也可以是任何其它适宜的形状,包括正方形,长方形,椭圆形及不规则形。
3、吸收制品任选的部件
本发明的失禁用垫20可以带有任意的附加部件。
本发明的失禁用垫20可以沿着垫20的边缘设置隔离件。图1所示的失禁用垫沿着垫的每个纵向边22设有纵向隔离部件56,而沿着每个横向边或垫的端边24设有横向隔离件58。
纵向隔离件56主要有两种用途,尽管也有其它功效。
纵向隔离件56首先用于防止由捕集/分散层46正在转移过程中的流出物沿着垫的纵向边22流出失禁用垫20。如上所述,经选择用作捕集/分散层46的材料在垫的平面方向上通常可非常有效地转移流出物。而当全部用合成纤维来制备捕集/分散层46时,这一点特别明显,这是因为该种纤维不吸收流体。在这样的一些实施例中,流体的转移得非常迅速,以至于如果不对它们进行限制,它们实际上将会流出芯42的各边。纵向隔离件56防止这种可能情况的发生。
其重要性在于,纵向隔离件56的第一种功能与传统的隔离腿套等是不同的。传统的腿套主要是用于容纳在吸收制品的上片或吸收芯的表面上郁积的流出物,以防从吸收制品上泄漏出来。因此,这种传统的隔离腿套对流出物的流动形成一种“直立”的隔离是必要的。理论上,本发明的吸收芯的顶部应不形成郁积,因此,纵向隔离件56可在上片34的顶上保持平面状态。它们可以位于芯42和上片34之间,也可以在芯42的顶上保持平面状态。
纵向隔离件56的第二个功能是将流出物引向具有可吸收流出物的芯42的部分。沉积在芯42上的液体流出物通过捕集/分散层46从它们被沉积的位置径向向外地扩展开。由于失禁用垫20的芯42的宽度相对于其长度较窄,因此,液体流出物到达吸收芯42的纵向边42C所需的时间,远短于它们到达吸收芯42的端边42d的时间。纵向隔离件56将流出物直接引向芯42的端边42d,特别是引向芯42的后端边42d′。当失禁用垫被穿上时,由于垫20的后端边24b通常低于前端边边缘24a,液体将因重力作用沿着纵向隔离件56流向后端边边缘24b。
失禁用垫20也沿垫的端边边缘24设置有一个或多个横向隔离件58。在图1所示的实施例中,失禁用垫20沿其每个端边边缘24有一个横向隔离件58。但是,在另外的实施例中,本发明的失禁用垫20仅有一个横向隔离件58。在该情况下,横向隔离件58最好位于失禁用垫20的后端边边缘24b位置,这是因为流出物更可能从垫的后端边边缘24b而不是前端边边缘24a泄漏出去,而这是由于(如上所述)穿用时,前端边边缘24a可能更高一些。液体流出物通常并不会从垫20的前端边边缘24a流出,除非在垫的该端边的芯中存在一些毛细管(Wicking)纤维制品。
隔离件可以由各种各样的材料生产,这些材料为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酯、人造纤维、尼龙、泡沫材料、塑料薄膜、成型薄膜和弹性泡沫材料。许多生产技术可用来从这些材料生产隔离件。例如隔离件可以是纺织的,非纺织的(例如,纺粘的、梳理的等)。一种特别优选的隔离件包含一个两层的层状结构,它包括一层非纺织材料和一层聚乙烯薄膜。在另外的实施例中,隔离件可包含一种如低粘或无粘性的热熔材料的材料,该材料被印制到失禁用垫20上。该种代换型隔离件可用任何适宜的方法印制,如包括用照相凹版或挠度图解(flexographic)印制方法。
如果需要的话,失禁用垫20还可附加带有挡片60,它从失禁用垫20的每一纵向边缘22向外延伸。该挡片60可为任何适宜的形状。例如,适宜的挡片60可按下述文献给出的内容来制备,1986年5月20日授权于VanTilburg的美国专利4589876和1987年8月18日授权于Vantilburg的美国专利4687478,这两篇文献在这里结合参考。
此外,如图2所示,下片36的衣服面36b可以包括一个用于使失禁用垫20连接到穿戴者的内裤上的机构62(“连接机构”)。优选的连接机构62可以包括机械式系带,更好的是一种粘着性的紧固机构,如压敏粘合剂。压敏粘合剂施加到下片36的衣服面36b上,它可以为多种不同的构形。
所说的构形包括但不限于:沿着失禁用垫20的纵向中心线l(如图所示)的单独一条粘合剂条62,两条平行的粘合剂条、两条相对称向外凸的粘合剂条,通常为一定中的长方形的粘合剂补片,或者靠近每个挡片60的远端设置的几块粘合剂补片(如挡片60的端边远离失禁用垫20的纵向中心线l)。如果粘合剂为条状,那么该粘合剂条优选长度为约10-约20厘米,宽度为约5-约35毫米。如果粘合剂条以一定中的长方形补片施加到下片36(未画出)上,它应该覆盖下片36的衣服面36b的面积的约30%-约70%。适宜的粘合剂条可以是按说明的为0.6mil的那种,它可以从Gentury  Adhe  si  ve产品号A305-4或Ohio的Govington  3Sigma  Divi  sion的Anchor  Continental  Inc.得到。
4、本发明其它的实施例
有许多可能的本发明吸收制品20的替换的实施例,这些实施例中具有本文引入的多层吸收芯42。它们包括但不限于下述的实施例。
在一个替换实施例中,上片34可以略去,最上面的捕集/分散层46′可起到上片34通常起的作用,该实施例的讨论参考图1-3。描述该实施例的另一种方式是说,上片34和最上面的捕集/分散层46′是一个且是相同的。这里所述的捕集/分散层材料适宜用作上片,这是因为它排液迅速,因此它与穿着者的皮肤接触时,提供一干的表面。
在该第一个替换实施例的一种形式中,第一捕集/分散层46′可以设置成一层或多层或薄片,每种均有它自身的具体特征。例如,第一捕集/分散层46′的最上面一层应包含一种网状物材料(如一种3丹尼尔纤维的非纺织网状物),对穿用者的皮肤来说,它应是柔软而舒适的,第一捕集/分散层46′的其余部分可包含15丹尼尔纤维的非纺织网状物。
在上述替换的实施例中,本发明的多层吸收芯42可被称之为多层吸收“体”,而不称为“芯”,这是因为芯42将位于靠近下片36的位置或固定在下片36上,它不再位于如上片34和下片36两构件之间。
图6表示的是本发明的多层吸收芯42的另一种可能的供选择的实施例。在图6所示的实施例中,用于将流出物从芯体42的上捕集/分散层46′传输至下捕集/分散层46″的结构包括捕集/分散层材料的连接第一捕集/分散层46′和第二捕集/分散层46″的部分。将第一捕集/分散层46′连接到第二捕集/分散层46″上的捕集/分散层材料可以是独立于第一和第二捕集/分散层46′和46″的材料片。也可以,连接两个捕集/分散层的材料是捕集/分散层之一的一部分,或者如图6所示,是两个捕集/分散层的一部分(在图6的实施例的一种形式中,两个捕集/分散层是相同的网状材料)。连接第一和第二捕集/分散层的捕集/分散材料部分可以将这些层沿着它们的全部周边、或其任何部分、如只沿着纵向边连接在一起。这里所描述的连接捕集/分散层的不同方式都可以用作图1-3的实施例所示的孔52的辅助方案或替代方案。
图7表示的是用于使流出物从第一捕集/分散层46′流到第二捕集/分散层46″的一个可供选择的布置。在图7所示的实施例中,一个或多个捕集/分散层46被简单地制成宽于中间贮层48,以便于捕集/分散层接触。在这一可供选择的实施例中,只要捕集/分散层46是接触的,那么它是否是相互连接的就不必要了。
图8表示的是一个优选的可供选择的实施例,其中,本发明的多层吸收芯42被置于一种三角裤型的失禁用垫(或“三角裤”)20′中。这种三角裤型失禁用垫20′与具有上面所述的相同的一般部件(纵向和横向中心线l和t;第一端边区28,中心区域30,和第二端边区域32;上片34,下片36,和芯体42′等等)。另外,这种三角裤20′还具有翼片(或“耳”)66(它位于第一和第二边部区域28和32处,与三角裤20′的纵向边22相邻),和可弹性收缩的腿带68。所述翼片66是当三角裤20′被系在穿戴者的腰部时重迭(至少部分地)的那些部分。三角裤20′还有一绑缚系统用于形成边缘封闭。所述绑缚系统可以是本领域中已知的任何绑缚系统,如图8所示的狭带拉件70。
在该实施例中,本发明的多层吸收芯42是三角裤20′的吸收芯42′的一个次级部件。在本发明的多层吸收芯42只是吸收芯42′的一部分的情况下,它被称作“多层吸收体”。如图8所示,多层吸收体42在长度和宽度上比三角裤20′吸收芯42′的几个其它部件小。这里所用的术语“次级部件”意思是多层吸收体42仅是吸收芯42′的一个部件,并且在上片34及下片36间有其它的吸收部件。多层吸收体42一般是方形的,并且几乎全部位于三角裤20′的中心(分叉)处。
三角裤20′的横剖面示于图9中。为叙述简便,本发明的多层吸收体42示于图9中。应当理解,该实施例中的多层吸收体42可以是在此所公开的各种多层吸收芯42。如横剖面图所示,多层吸收体42被包裹在一种能传输流体的材料72制成的低密度(或高膨松)包裹物(“流体输送包裹”或“包裹”)中。在一优选的实施例中,这种高膨松的包裹材料72在平展的、未包裹的条件下,在压力为约0.1Psi(约7g/cm2)时被测试时,它的厚度为约65mils(约1.6mm)。被包裹的多层吸收体位于一层贮层材料如一层空气毡74的上部(或者说,它置于所述材料层之上)。在该优选的实施例中,这层空气毡74的定量为从约0.1至约0.5克/平方英寸(约160至约780g/m2),最优选为约0.2克/平方英寸(约310g/m2)。该实施例的所述附加部件(包裹材料72和空气毡74)可以相互连接和/或连接到三角裤20′的其它部件上,如多层吸收体42和上片34和下片36,它们也可以不连接。
在这一优选实施例中,所述空气毡74层用作一附加贮层。这层空气毡74对于打算用作严重失禁者的失禁三角裤型产品是有用的,并特别适用于处理多重负载的流出物。高膨松包裹材料72用作一附加的捕集/分散层以将流出物传输至空气毡74层。这样,它可以包含这里所述的任何适于用于捕集/分散层46的材料。在图9所示的实施例的其它变形中,包裹物可以被取消,流体流出物可以通过设置在多层吸收体42的最下面的贮层48中的孔或通过前面所述的为流出物的流动提供适合的通路的任何其它结构来被输送至空气毡层。在其它的可供选择的布置中,空气毡74层可以包括这里所公开的任何种类的吸收胶凝材料,普通速度的吸收胶凝材料和/或快速吸收胶凝材料。(还应理解,包裹材料和附加的贮层材料层也可以被用于这里所述的任何其它的实施例)。
三角裤20′沿每一纵向边22设有纵向隔离件58′。所述纵向隔离件58′只需沿着三角裤20′的至少一个纵向边22的至少一部分延伸。然而,在图8所述的优选实施例中,纵向隔离件58′基本上是矩形带状材料,沿三角裤20′的长度方向上伸展,并平置在上片34的顶部上。如图9所示,不象图1-3所示的失禁用垫中那样,上片34不包裹和覆盖吸收芯的纵向边。在三角裤20′中,由纵向隔离件58′来起包裹和覆盖作用。在三角裤20′的优选实施例中,纵向隔离件58′为约2.75英寸宽(约7cm),而且该材料的这一宽度中,约0.75英寸(约2cm)直接置于吸收芯42′的上方。其余部分绕着吸收芯42′的侧面缠裹并连接到下片36上。纵向隔离件58′的内侧边(即位置最接近纵向中心线的隔离件58′的纵向边)优选有约2.5英寸(约6.4cm)的间隔。
纵向隔离件58′可以由上述的适于作为图1-3所示的失禁用垫20的隔离件的任何材料制造。优选地,纵向隔离件58′包括一个两层的层压制品,该制品包括一层非纺织材料和一层聚乙烯膜。纵向隔离件58′的定向为使非纺织材料一侧朝上,是为了使穿着者感到三角裤20′更舒适。
在另外的可供选择的实施例中,本发明的多层吸收芯42可以不是组合成附图所示的失禁用垫20,而是举例说组合成其它类型的吸收制品如以下文献所述的可处置尿布,这些文献为美国专利Re.26,151名为“可处置的尿布”,该专利于1967年1月31日再颁给Robert  C.Duncan和Normal  L.Baker;名为“用于可处置的尿布的可收缩的侧面部分”的美国专利3,860,003,该专利于1975年1月14日授与Kenneth  B.Buell;和名为“具有低离度和低定量捕集区的高密度吸收件”的美国专利4,834,735,该专利于1989年5月30日授与Mignel  Alemany和Chasles  J.Berg,在这里引用它们作为参考。当然,这些不同种类的吸收制品有它们自己的最适宜的部件,这些最适宜的部件更详细地在上述参考文献中叙述,它们的公开内容在此全部引入。
5、测试方法
水平流体捕集/分散速度测试
在捕集/分散层46中所用的材料可以捕集和分散流体的速度由一种专为此目的而设计的测试方法来测量。因为在测试时,样品处于水平位置,这样测量流经样品的速度,所以该测试被称为“水平流体捕集/分散速度测试”。这里所述的测试可以被称为其名称的任何缩略语,如“流体捕集/分散速度测试”。
在流体捕集/分散速度测试中,流体以任一预先确定的速度被施加到样品上。流体被施加的速度可以超过样品能捕集和分散这些流体的速度,而且流体可以返流和蓄积在样品的上部。测量流体不能被样品捕集和分散的速度(溢流速度)。流体被施加到样品上的速度和溢流速度之差确定了样品可以捕集和分散流体的速度。
流体捕集/分散速度测试利用一种装置76,该装置被图示于图10中。图10是流体捕集速度测试装置76的侧视图。如图10所示,流体捕集速度测试装置76有它自己的基本部件,一样品平台78;一流体装载柱80;一设有可移动的法码84的柱底82;一流体溢流管86;一流体溢流收集盆88;一秤90;一流体收集盆92;一可调流量泵(“泵”)94;一流体蓄池96;一流体输送管98,和一塞子108。
样品平台78是一个4英寸×4英寸×4英寸(10.2cm×10.2cm×10.2cm)的有机玻璃立方体,其顶面标为78a。该样品平台78为压力施加在样品100上提供了一支撑面。
流体装载柱80是由有机玻璃管制成的。它有一圆形截面,内径为1.5英寸(3.8cm),外径为1.75英寸(4.44cm)。流体装载柱80的长度应在7英寸至9英寸(17.8cm至22.9cm)之间的范围内。流体装载柱80的一端被永久地固定在基底82的上表面82a的中部,以使流体装载柱80垂直于基底82。
流体装载柱底,即基底82,由一个4英寸×4英寸(10.2cm×10.2cm)和0.5英寸(1.3cm)厚的有机玻璃方块制得。基底82有一上表面82a和一下表面82b。从基底82的下表面82b钻一个2英寸(5.08cm)的圆形第一孔102,该孔不完全穿过基底82的厚度。第一孔102的中心位于基底82的下表面82b的中心。第一孔102穿过基底82的下表面82b的深度为0.0625英寸(0.159cm)。在基底82中部,钻一个完全通过基底82厚度的第二圆孔104。第二孔104的直径为0.5英寸(1.27cm)。
流体溢流管86被固定到流体装载柱80上。流体溢流管86是由有机玻璃管材制成的。流体溢流管86有一圆形横截面,内径为0.5英寸(1.27cm)和外径为0.625英寸(1.59cm)。在流体装载柱80中钻有一个0.625英寸(1.59cm)直径的圆孔,即第三孔106,以容纳流体溢流管86的附件。第三孔106垂直于流体装载柱80的长度方向且其位置为其中心在基底82的下表面82b的上方1.25英寸(3.18cm)处。流体溢流管86的一端插入在流体装载柱80中的所述第三孔106中,而且流体溢流管86被固定到流体装载柱80上。流体溢流管86的端部不应穿入流体装载柱80超出其内壁。流体溢流管86应完全由流体装载管80支撑。流体溢流管86的位置应如此设置,使得向上返流到样品100上并进入流体溢流管86的流体由重力作用流出流体溢流管86的自由端进入流体溢流收集盆88中。
塞子108占据了基底82的上表面82a和形成流体溢流管86的开孔的孔106之间的流体装载柱80内的空间。塞子108是一个外径为1.5英寸(3.8cm),内径为0.5英寸(1.3cm)的有机玻璃管。塞子108的长为0.5英寸(1.3cm)。塞子108被插入流体装载柱80中,以使它靠在基底82的上表面82a上。
流体溢流收集盆88可以是任何能够收集并装载流体的适宜的容器,所说流体是指由箭头“0”表示的,流出流体溢流管86的自由端的流体。
秤90可以是能够称量溢流收集盆88和它所装有的任何流体总重的任何适宜的秤。
流体收集盆90可以是能够收集和装载流出样品100的任何流体的任何容器。流体收集盆92必须具有这样的尺寸,使收集在其中的流体不会到达样品100的底部的高度。
泵94可以是能够以15±0.15cm3/s的速度将流体输送经过输送管98的任何各种快速泵。流体蓄池96可以是能够装载测试所需的所有流体的任何适宜的容器。
流体输送管98可以是与泵94和流体蓄池96相配套的任何管道。流体输送管98的位置设置为使流体被放入流体装载柱80的敞开的上端。
进行测试首先切割一块4英寸×4英寸(10.2cm×10.2cm)的要被测试的材料的样品100。样品100被置于样品平台78的上表面78a上。样品平台78的上表面78a必须是水平的。样品100的边与样品平台78的边相重合成直线。流体装载柱82置于样品100的上面,使基底82的下表面82b与样品100相接触。基底82的边与样品100的边重合成直线。砝码84均匀分布在基底82的周边附近,使它们施加相等的压力于样品100的所有部分上。所用的砝码的数量应使法码84,流体装载柱基底82,流体装载柱80和流体溢流管86的总重等于2900g。
泵94的设置是为将流体以15cm3/秒的速度输送10秒。所用的流体是一种被称为Jayco Synurine的合成尿,可由Jayco Pharmaceuticals Company of Camp Hill,Pennsylvania得到。合成尿的配方为2.0g/l的KCl;2.0g/l的Na2SO4;0.85g/l的(NH4)H2PO4,0.15g/l的(NH42HPO4;0.19g/l的CaCl2和0.23g/l的MgCl2。所有这些化学药品均为试剂纯。合成尿的pH值为6.0至6.4的范围内。
启动泵94,合成尿以15cm3/秒的速度被输送到样品处,持续10±0.1秒。用泵将合成尿从流体蓄池96经流体输送管98输入流体装载柱80。合成尿通过在流体装载柱80的基底82中的孔到达样品100上。合成尿典型地在箭头所示的方向上流经样品100,然后流出样品100,并被收集在流体收集盆92中。
如果流体可以流入并通过样品100的流速小于流体被泵送的流速,流体就会向上返流至流体装载柱80中。当盛于流体装载柱80中的流体的水平面达到流体溢流管86的位置时,流体开始流经流体溢流管86并被收集于流体溢流收集盆88中。用秤90测量在流体溢流收集盆88中的流体的重量。
在10±0.1秒后将泵关闭。记录在溢流收集盆88中的流体的重量。
这里所述的流体捕集/分散速度是在10秒的测试时间内的以cm3表示的通过样品的合成尿的平均流速。计算方法如下:
流体捕集/分散速度(cc/秒)= (150cc-W)/(10秒)
其中W为10秒后在流体溢流收集盆中的流体的重量(以cm3表示)。
吸收速度/容量测试(“Tea  Bag”测试)
吸收胶凝材料吸收流体的速度和用于贮层48中的吸收胶凝材料的吸收容量由一种称为“吸收速度/容量测试”或“茶袋”测试的测试方法来测量。茶袋测试在使用吸收胶凝材料的工业中是相当标准的一种测试方法。然而,重要的是这里所述的茶袋测试的具体的形式应当被遵守。
测试基本上包括将要被测试的吸收胶凝材料放入一个“茶袋”中并将茶袋浸入一种合成尿液,浸泡一段特定的时间。对本测试的目的来说,吸收胶凝材料的吸收容量是指在10分钟的时间内吸收胶凝材料所吸收的合成尿液的量。吸收容量的单位一般以每克吸收胶凝材料所吸收的流体的克数来表示。吸收胶凝材料在10秒内能吸收的吸收容量的百分化等于10秒钟后的吸收容量与10分钟后的吸收容量的比值乘以100。
茶袋测试需要以下设备:
秤 上面加载,灵敏度1mg,Mettler PC-220,Fisher01-913-382或等同物
烧杯 2,000ml kimax brand,Fisher02-539R,(以及其它所需尺寸),或等同物
热封口机  T-Bar  Plastic  Model  T-17,115V,65W,Harwil  Co,Santa  Monica,California,或等同物
纸  茶袋纸Dexter1234-可热密封的或低孔隙率的,依需要而定,Dexter  Corp.,Windsor  Locks,CT06096,或等同物
计时器  统计量10分±0.1秒的计时器,Fishev#14-653或等同物
纸 称重纸,Fisher09-898-12A,或等同物
剪子  标准型
夹子 坩埚,Fisher15-200,或等同物
直尺  不锈钢公制尺,产自L.S.starrett,Athol  Mass.01331,或等同物
需要以下溶液:
合成尿:产自Jayco  Pharmaceuticals  Company  of  Camp  Hill,Pennsylvania的Jayco  SynUrine或等同物
步骤
在23℃(73°F)和50%相对湿度的标准实验室条件下进行下述步骤。
用剪子或一个6cm×12cm的切割冲模将茶袋材料切成6cm×12cm的长方块。然后将切割后的茶袋材料在长度中心对折并沿任何两个开口侧用一个T-bar密封机密封成6cm×6cm的茶袋方块。
在制得茶袋后,将0.200g±0.005g的吸收胶凝材料在一称重纸上称重。然后将吸收胶凝材料装入一茶袋中。将茶袋的上端(或开口端)密封。将一空茶袋密封并用作对照。
将大约400ml含盐溶液倒入2,000ml的烧杯中。将空茶袋浸入该盐溶液中。将含有吸收胶凝材料的茶袋(样品茶袋)水平放置,使所述材料在茶袋里均匀分布。将该茶袋放在盐溶液的表面上。茶袋被浸入所述合成尿中并浸泡10±0.1秒。
在两个茶袋在盐溶液中都浸泡10±0.1秒后,将它们移出。用夹子夹住茶袋的边将茶袋移出。在夹茶袋的边时使每个茶袋的折叠边向下。折叠边向下使茶袋悬置。茶袋不应相互接触或接触工作区域。用于悬挂茶袋的一种方法是在两个架子之间设置一带夹子的杆。带夹可以被置于杆上,而且茶袋可以由带夹悬挂。
在经10分±10秒的干燥时间后,样品和对照茶袋被称重。样品茶袋的重量记作W1,对照茶袋被记作W2
使用另一个样品和对照茶袋重复上述步骤,而且浸泡时间改为10分±10秒以接近吸收胶凝材料的总的吸收容量。样品茶袋的重量记作W10,对照茶袋的重量记作W20
样品的10秒吸收容量的百分化如下计算:
10秒后的吸收容量,A1(g/g)= ((w1-w2))/(0.2g)
(这里0.2g是样品的干重)
10分后的吸收能力,A1(g/g)= ((w10-w20))/(0.2g)
使用10秒的吸收容量百分化=A1/A2×100
以每克吸收胶凝材料每秒所吸收的合成尿的克数表示的流体吸收平均速度也可以用茶袋测试来计算,使用下述公式:
10秒期间流体吸收平均速度(g/g/秒)= (A1g/g)/(A2秒)
(这里10秒是样品被浸入合成尿中的时间。)
在使用中,我们相信流出物捕集/分散层能很快吸收聚积在吸收制品上的流出物并将该流出物分散到下面的贮层中,大大地降低了或消除了以前的流出物施加区附近的材料的饱和和凝胶阻塞的问题。我们相信所用的特别材料层的组合提供了一种还能快速地贮藏所吸收的液体的结构。
虽然我们不希望被任何具体的理论所约束,但我们相信多层吸收芯通过一种级联效应来分散流出物。我们相信多层吸收剂芯的捕集、分散和贮藏可以被类推为用水来充填一个制冰的立体盘,其中当吸收芯的一个区域被充满后,流出物将很快地侧流到被充满的区域的侧边以开始充填其它的未被充填的区域。
理论上说,本发明使用一个在X-Y平面内具有良好液体输送特性的层作为上层(这里称为“水平”流体捕集/分散),并在紧挨着上层下面设有一贮层。贮层在X-Y平面内传送流体方面不必特别优良。事实上,如果贮层包含高速纤维吸收胶凝材料,如FIBERSORB,贮层可能在X-Y平面内输送流体方面是相当差劲的,但在Z-方向上输送流体是非常出色的。在这种实施例中,据信捕集/分散层通过将流体分散到贮层的上面来起作用,并且贮层很快地将这些流体在Z-方向上吸入。
这里所用的术语“Z-方向”,是关于本发明的吸收制品20的一个方向,吸收制品20被平展地置于一笛卡尔坐标系中,被布置成图1的状态下,使吸收制品20的服装面20b处于由X和Y轴所形成的平面内(即水平)。吸收制品的纵向和横向中心线l和t处于由X和Y轴形成的平面中。“Z-方向”是当吸收制品20处于如此平展的布置构型时,垂直于吸收制品20的任一表面的平面的方向。
由于本发明的可处置的吸收制品具有一个能立即吸入贮藏聚积在其上的流出物的一种吸收芯,所以所述吸收制品改进了容纳特性。容纳特征方面的这种改进允许可处置的吸收制品被制得小于先前的可处置的吸收制品,特别是三角裤型的失禁用产品。结果为,本发明的吸收制品可以适于更接近穿着者的身体。本发明的吸收制品可以适应穿着者的普通内衣。吸收制品的尺寸减小还可以使它穿起来更舒适,而且对于穿着者更随意。
虽然本发明的具体的实施例已经被阐明和描述,但对于本领域的那些技术人员来说还明显的可被做出的各种其它改变和改进均不脱离本发明实质和范围。因而打算在附加的权利要求中覆盖所有这些在本发明的范围内的改变和改进。

Claims (49)

1、一种吸收制品,包括:
一种液体可透性上片;
一种与所述上片连接在一起的液体不可透性下片;
其特征在于
一个位于所述上片和所述下片之间的多层吸收芯,所述的多层吸收芯包括至少一对层,其中每一对层包括至少一个捕集/分散层和至少一个贮层,每一对层安置成使至少一个贮层紧邻在每个捕集/分散层之下,其中
每个捕集/分散层的流体捕集/分散速率当按流体/分散测试在约28克/cm2的压力下至少为约2cm3合成尿/秒;
每个贮层至少部分包含一种吸收胶凝材料,该材料能够以如下的速率吸收合成尿,即当按照TeaBagTest方法测试所述的吸收胶凝材料时,在少于或等于约10秒内所述的吸收胶凝材料至少达到它的吸收容量的约40%;
每一对层与其每一相邻对层以流体相通。
2、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层的流体捕集/分散速率当在“流体捕集/分散速率测试”中受到约28克/cm2的压力时至少为约4cm3合成尿/秒。
3、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层的流体捕集/分散速率当在“流体捕集/分散速率测试”中受到约28克/cm2压力时至少为约8cm3合成尿/秒。
4、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层包含一种非纺织材料。
5、如权利要求4所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层包含一种粘结成开放结构的纤维的非纺织网。
6、如权利要求4所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层包含一种安置成开放结构的非粘结纤维的非纺织网。
7、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层包含一种泡沫材料。
8、如权利要求1或4的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层的定量在约17至约270克/m2之间,当以7克/cm2的载荷测量密度时密度在约0.02至约0.1克/cm3之间。
9、如权利要求4所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层包含至少约10%(重量)的合成纤维。
10、如权利要求4所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层至少部分包含交联纤维素纤维。
11、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一捕集/分散层有干弹性和湿弹性。
12、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一贮层包括约10%至约100%的吸收胶凝材料。
13、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一贮层包括约0%至约80%的天然纤维。
14、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一贮层包括约0%至约80%的交联纤维素纤维。
15、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一贮层包括约0%至约80%的合成纤维。
16、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一贮层包括约0%至约20%的粘合剂纤维。
17、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述的吸收胶凝材料是特殊构型。
18、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述的吸收胶凝材料是纤维状构型。
19、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中每一贮层的定量在约20至约1,200克/m2之间,当以7克/cm2的载荷测试密度时密度小于或等于约0.2克/cm3至0.1克/cm3
20、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述相邻对的层通过在相邻对层之间的至少一个流体通路保持以流体相通。
21、如权利要求20所述的吸收制品,其中至少一个流体通路包括在至少一个贮层的至少一部分表面积上的至少一个孔。
22、如权利要求20所述的吸收制品,还包括纵向中心线,其中至少一个贮层安置成具有至少两个带的构型,至少有一个所述的带位于所述吸收制品的纵向中心线的每侧,其中在所述纵向中心线的相对侧上的所述带构成其间的空间,并且在所述带之间的所述空间做为所述的通路。
23、如权利要求20所述的吸收制品,其中所述通路构成第一捕集/分散层的至少一部分,该部分与第二捕集/分散层相接触。
24、如权利要求23所述的吸收制品,还包括两个间隔开的纵向边和两个间隔开的端部边,其中与所述第二捕集/分散层接触的所述第一捕集/分散层的所述部分至少沿吸收制品的纵向边设置。
25、如权利要求20所述的吸收制品,其中至少一个捕集/分散层含有与相邻对的层中的捕集/分散层相同的材料片。
26、如权利要求1所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品具有两个间隔开的纵向边和两个间隔开的端部边,并且所述吸收制品还包括一个沿所述吸收制品的至少一个纵向边的至少一部分延伸的一个纵向隔离件。
27、如权利要求26所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品还包括一个沿所述吸收制品的至少一个端部边的至少一部分延伸的横向隔离件。
28、如权利要求26或27所述的吸收制品,其中每个隔离件包括一个两层的层压制品,该层压制品包括一个非纺织材料层和一层聚乙烯薄膜。
29、如权利要求26或27所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品具有一边体面和一服装面,并且每个隔离件包括印在所述吸收制品的所述边体面上的物质。
30、一种按权利要求1的成人失禁用制品。
31、一种按权利要求1的可处置尿布。
32、一种按权利要求1的卫生巾。
33、一种吸收制品,包括:
一个液体可透性上片;
一个液体不可透性下片,它与所述的上片连接在一起;
其特征在于
一个位于所述上片和所述下片之间的多层吸收芯,所述多层吸收芯包括至少一对层,其中每一对层包括至少一个捕集/分散层和至少一个贮层,每一对层安置成使至少一个贮层位于与每个捕集/分散层相邻的下部,其中:
每个捕集/分散层包括一种如下的材料,该材料的流体捕集/分散速率在按“流体捕集/分散测试”来测试所述的捕集/分散层时在约28克/cm2的压力下至少约为2cm3合成尿/秒;
每个贮层至少部分包括一种吸收胶凝材料,该材料的总吸收容量至少为其干燥重量的约25倍,并且能够吸收至少约0.8克合成尿/秒·克吸收胶凝材料;和
每一对层与每一相邻对层以流体相通。
34、一种吸收制品,包括:
一个液可透性上片;
一个液体不可透性下片,它与所述上片连接在一起;
其特征在于
一个位于所述上片和所述下片之间的多层吸收芯,所述多层吸收芯包括至少一对层,其中每一对层包括至少一个捕集/分散层和至少一个贮层,每一对层安置成至少一个贮层位于每个捕集/分散层相邻的下部,其中
每个捕集/分散层包括一种非纺织材料,该材料的定量在约17至约270克/m2之间,其密度在约0.02至约0.1克/cm3之间;
每个贮层至少部分包含一种吸收胶凝材料,当所述吸收胶凝材料按照茶袋测试法被测试时,所述吸收胶凝材料能够在少于或等于约10秒内,以到达至少约40%的它的吸收容量的速率吸收合成尿;和
35、权利要求34的吸收制品,其中所述多层吸收芯包括紧靠上片下的按下述顺序布置的四层:第一捕集/分散层;第一贮层;第二捕集/分散层;和第二贮层。
36、权利要求35的吸收制品,其中:
所述第一捕集/分散层的定量在约17至约135g每平方米之间,密度为从约0.03至约0.05g每立方厘米;所述第一贮层的定量在约20至约600g每平方米之间,密度小于约0.12g每立方厘米;
所述第二捕集/分散层的定量在约70至约270g每平方米之间,密度为从约0.03至约0.05g每立方厘米之间;所述第二贮层的定量在约300至约1200g每平方米之间,密度小于约0.12g每立方厘米。
37、权利要求35的吸收制品,其中所述吸收胶凝材料为纤维型。
38、一种吸收制品包括:
一种液体可透性上片;
一连到所述上片上的液体不可透性下片;
其特征在于
一位于所述上片和所述下片之间的多层吸收芯,所述多层吸收芯包括至少一对层,其中每对层包括至少一个捕集/分散层和至少一个贮层,每对层如此布置使至少一个贮层紧挨着每个捕集/分散层下方,其中
每个捕集/分散层包括一种非纺织材料,该材料的定量在约17至约270g/m2之间,密度在约0.02至约0.1g/cm3之间;
每个贮层至少部分包含一种吸收胶凝材料,其总吸收容量至少约为其干重的25倍,并且每克吸收胶凝材料每秒钟能吸收至少约0.8g合成尿;和
每对层与每对附近的层以流体相通。
39、权利要求38的吸收制品,其中所述多层吸收芯包括在上片下方的以下述顺序布置的四层:第一捕集/分散层;第一贮层;第二捕集/分散层;和第二贮层。
40、权利要求39的吸收制品,其中:
所述第一捕集/分散层的定量在约17至约135g每平方米之间,密度在从约0.03至约0.05g每立方厘米之间;
所述第一贮层的定量在约20至约600g每平方米之间,密度小于约0.12g/cm3;
所述第二捕集/分散层的定量在约70至约270g每平方米之间,密度在从约0.03至约0.05g每立方厘米之间;
所述第二贮层的定量在约300至约1200g每平方米之间,密度小于约0.12g/cm3
41、权利要求39的吸收制品,其中所述吸收胶凝材料为纤维型。
42、一种吸收制品,有一第一端部区,一第二端部区,一设置在所述第一端部区和所述第二端部区之间的中部区,两个有间隔的纵向边,两个有间隔的端部边,至少有部分所述纵向边和端部边是弓形的,其中所述第一端部区的最宽部分的宽度大于所述中部区和所述第二端部区的宽度,而且所述纵向边在所述第一端部区内相对向外弯曲,在所述中部区的至少一部分内向内弯曲,在所述第二端部区一般相互平行,而且所述端部边向外凸出,所述吸收制品包括:
一个液体可透性上片;
一连接于所述上片上的液体不可透性下片;一位于所述上片和所述下片之间的多层吸收剂芯,所述多层吸收芯包括
至少一层捕集/分散层,当所述捕集/分散层按照流体捕集分散测试在约28g/cm2的压力下被测试时,流体捕集/分散速率至少约2cm3合成尿/S;和
一紧靠每个捕集/分散层之下的贮层,所述贮层至少部分包含一种吸收胶凝材料,当所述胶凝材料按照茶袋测试法被测试时,在少于或等于约10秒钟内所述胶凝材料能以达到它的吸收能力的至少约40%的速度吸收合成尿。
43、一种适用于吸收制品的多层吸收芯,所述吸收芯包括:
至少一层捕集/分散层,当所述捕集/分散层按照流体捕集/分散测试在约28g/cm2的压力下被测试时,其捕集/分散速率为至少约2cm3合成尿/S;和
一紧靠每层捕集/分散层下面的贮层,所述贮层至少部分包括一种吸收胶凝材料,当所述吸收胶凝材料按照茶袋测试法被测试时,它能够以在少于或等于约10秒内达到它的吸收能力的约40%的速率吸收合成尿。
44、一种吸收制品其特征在于包括:
一包括至少一对层的多层吸收体,其中每对层包括至少一捕集/分散层和至少一贮层,所述贮层紧靠所述捕集/分散层下方,和
当所述捕集/分散层按照流体捕集/分散测试法在约28g/cm2的压力下被测试时,捕集/分散层的水平流体捕集/分散速率至少约为2cm3合成尿/S;和
每层贮层至少部分包括一种吸收胶凝材料,当所述胶凝材料按照茶袋测试法被测试时,它能以在少于或等于约10秒钟内达到它的吸收能力的约40%的速率来吸收合成尿;其中每对层与附近的对层以流体相通,和
一连接到所述吸收体上的液体不可透性下片。
45、一种吸收制品,其特征在于包括:
一包括至少一对层的多层吸收体,其中每对层包括至少一个捕集/分散层和至少一个紧靠所述捕集/分散层下面的贮层,和
当所述捕集/分散层按照流体捕集/分散测试法在约28g/cm2的压力下被测试时,它的水平流体捕集/分散速率至少为约2cm3合成尿/S;和
每一贮层至少部分包括一种吸收胶凝材料,该材料的总吸收容量至少约为它的干重的25倍,并且能够以至少约0.8g合成尿/g吸收胶凝材料的速率吸收流体;其中
每对层与每相邻的对层以流体相通,和
一连接到所述吸收体上的液体不可透性下片。
46、一种吸收制品,具有一第一端部区,一第二端部区,一位于所述第一和第二端部区之间的中部区(所述第一和第二端部区有翼片,当吸收制品被穿在穿着者的腰部时,所述翼片至少部分重迭),两有间隔的纵向边,两有间隔的端部边,所述吸收制品包括:
一液体可透的上片;
一连接到所述上片上的液体不可透的下片;
一位于所述上片和所述下片之间的吸收芯,所述吸收芯包括一多层吸收体,该吸收体包括至少一对层,其中每对层包括至少一个捕集/分散层和至少一个贮层,每对层被如此布置使至少一个贮层紧靠每个捕集/分散层下面,其中每个捕集/分散层包括一种材料,当所述捕集/分散层按照流体捕集/分散测试法在约28g/cm2的压力下被测试时,所述材料的流体捕集/分散速率至少约2cm3合成尿/S;
每个贮层至少部分包括一种吸收胶凝材料,当所述吸收胶凝材料按照茶袋测试法被测试时,所述吸收胶凝材料能够以在少于或等于约10秒内达到其吸收能力的至少约40%的速率吸收合成尿;和
每对层与每相邻对层以流体相通。
47、权利要求46的吸收制品进一步包括纵向隔离件,它沿着所述吸收制品的至少一条纵向边的至少一部分延伸。
48、权利要求47的吸收制品,其中所述纵向隔离件包括一两层的层压层,该层压层包括一层非纺织材料和一层聚乙烯膜。
49、权利要求47的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品有一身体面和一服装面,而且所述纵向隔离件包括一种印在所述吸收制品的身体面上的物质。
CN92100860A 1991-01-03 1992-01-03 能快速捕集的多层吸收性结构 Expired - Lifetime CN1098060C (zh)

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CN1309354C (zh) * 1999-06-14 2007-04-11 Bki控股公司 吸收性产品的分配带以及制备包括其的吸收性结构、吸收产品的方法
CN1311797C (zh) * 2001-12-20 2007-04-25 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 具有插入件的吸收制品、吸收复合物及尿布
CN102596139A (zh) * 2009-10-30 2012-07-18 柳韩-金伯利有限公司 带有环形吸收件的吸收性物品
CN102596139B (zh) * 2009-10-30 2015-08-19 柳韩-金伯利有限公司 带有环形吸收件的吸收性物品
CN110099655A (zh) * 2016-12-28 2019-08-06 花王株式会社 吸收性物品
CN110099655B (zh) * 2016-12-28 2022-02-25 花王株式会社 吸收性物品
CN110545768A (zh) * 2017-05-03 2019-12-06 宝洁公司 具有多个区的吸收制品
CN110545768B (zh) * 2017-05-03 2022-04-08 宝洁公司 具有多个区的吸收制品

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AU9167191A (en) 1992-08-17
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US5439458A (en) 1995-08-08
ATE119382T1 (de) 1995-03-15
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